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thong connects in line with the handle (rather than with a joint), or even engulfs the handle entirely. At the end of the lash is the "fall" and cracker or popper. The fall is a single piece of leather between 25 and 76 cm (10 and 30 in) in length. During trick shots or target work, the fall is usually the portion of the whip used to cut, strike, or wrap around the target. The cracker is the portion of the whip that makes the loud "sonic boom" sound, but a whip without a cracker will still make a sonic boom, simply not as loud.
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horse behind the rider's leg, using the crop, held in the other hand. Less often, it may be used to tap the horse on the shoulder as a simple reminder to the animal that the rider is carrying it. It is to back up the leg aids, when the horse is not moving forward, or occasionally as a disciplinary measure (such as when a horse refuses or runs out on a jump). Crops or bats are most commonly seen in sports such as
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495:). The thong was 2.4 to 3.0 metres (8 to 10 ft) long, or more, and often made of greenhide. A long handle was cut from spotted gum or another native tree and was frequently taller than the bullock driver's shoulder. The bullocky walked beside the team and kept the bullocks moving with taps from the long handle as well as using the thong as needed.
340:, or are very flexible with a moderately long lash, like certain styles of buggy whip. But any design can be banged against another object, such as leather boot, to make a loud noise. Short, stiff crops often have a wide leather "popper" at the end which makes a particularly loud noise when slapped against an animal, boot, or other object.
1026:. It consists of several metal rods, which are joined end-to-end by rings to form a flexible chain. Generally, the whip has a handle at one end and a metal dart, used for slashing or piercing an opponent, at the other. A cloth flag is often attached at or near the dart end of the whip and a second flag may cover the whip's handle.
399:(which is called a keeper). This allows the whip to hang across a stockman's arm when not being used. The handles are normally longer than those of a bullwhip, being between 38 and 53 cm (15 and 21 in). The thong can be from 1 to 3 metres (3 to 10 ft) long. Stockwhips are also almost exclusively made from tanned
583:. The blacksnake has a heavy shot load extending from the butt well down the thong, and the whip is flexible right to the butt. They range in size from 1.8 to 3.7 metres (6 to 12 ft) in length. Some types concentrate a load in the butt (often a lead ball or steel ball-bearing) to facilitate its use as improvised
707:) The whip is used to guide and signal direction and pace, and is not used with force against the horse. Taking the place of the rider's leg aids, the positioning of the longe whip in relation to the horse gives the horse signals. Occasionally, due to the long lash, it may be cracked to enforce a command.
533:, which, unlike those made from leather, are still effective when wet. Most cowwhips have handles that average 41 cm (16 in), and thongs that average 30 cm (12 in). A good cowwhip can produce a loud crack by a simple push of the handle. This can make it more convenient to use than a
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or "bat" has a fairly stiff stock, and is only 0.6–0.8 metres (2–2.5 ft) in length, with a "popper" - a looped flap of leather - at the end. Because it is too short to reach behind the riders leg while still holding the reins, it is most often used by taking the reins in one hand and hitting the
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The Raman whip is a similar variation of the stockwhip which closely relates to the Rose whip. This variation was pioneered in the small
Ontario city of Hamilton in the early 20th century, though it largely fell out of use by the 1920s. Raman whips were effective on horse farms, horse derbies, and in
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Qilinbian (麒麟鞭, literally meaning "unicorn whip") is a metal whip invented in China in the late 1900s. The 15 cm handle is made from a steel chain wrapped with leather. The lash is made of steel rods decreasing in size linked by progressively smaller steel rings. Lash varies between 150 cm
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A pocket snake whip can be curled up small enough to fit into a large pocket, and ranges in size from 0.9 to 1.8 metres (3 to 6 ft) in length. The pocket snake whip is primarily a whip for occasional use, such as in loading cattle. Both of these types of snake whips are made with a leather shot
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Signal whips (or signalwhips) are a type of single-tailed whip, originally designed to control dog teams. A signal whip usually measures between 0.9 and 1.2 metres (3 and 4 ft) in length. Signal whips and snake whips are similar. What distinguishes a signal whip from a snake whip is the absence
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consists of a handle between 20 and 30 cm (8 and 12 in) in length, and a lash composed of a braided thong between 1 and 6 metres (3 and 20 ft) long. Some whips have an exposed wooden grip, others have an intricately braided leather covered handle. Unlike the
Australian stock whip, the
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There are other variations and lengths of stock whips. The yard whip is a type of smaller stockwhip. The yard whip is used on ground in cattle yards and other small areas where speed and precision is needed. The yard whip is also used by younger children that are not strong enough to handle a large
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whip is not precisely a horse whip, though it is carried by a mounted rider. It has a stock about the same length as a crop, except its "stock" is stiff, not flexible. On one end of the stock it has a lash that is ~1 m in length, on the other end it has a hook, which is used to help the rider
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effect. The portion used for striking is generally either a firm rod designed for direct contact, or a flexible line requiring a specialized swing. The former is easier and more precise, the latter offers longer reach and greater force. Some varieties, such as a hunting whip or lunge whip, have an
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whips are up to 1.1 metres (43 in) long, including lash or popper, and are used to refine the aids of the rider, not to hurt the horse. They generally ask for more impulsion, and are long enough that they can reach behind the rider's leg to tap the horse while the rider still holds the reins
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Snake whips (or snakewhips) are a type of single-tailed whip. The name snake whip is derived from the fact that this type of whip has no handle inside and so can be curled up into a small circle which resembles a coiled snake. They were once commonly carried in the saddlebag by cowboys of the old
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episode. With exact trained usage, the show demonstrated that it is possible to disarm a pistol-wielding opponent with a long whip strike. The episode also demonstrates that a wood log, with sufficient friction, could be used as an overhang to grapple with a whip, swing across a chasm and neatly
299:. The sound is loud enough to affect multiple animals at once, making whip-cracking more efficient under some circumstances. This technique can be used as part of an escalation response, with sound being used first prior to a pain stimulus being applied, again as part of operant conditioning.
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The cattle drafter (or drafting whip) is a cane or fibreglass rod with a handgrip, knob and wrist strap. The cane length is about 75 cm (2 ft 6 in) and the flapper length is about 30 cm (12 in) long. These whips are used in cattle yards and also when moving pigs.
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when applied correctly, particularly when initial commands are ignored. However, many competition governing bodies limit the use of whips, and severe penalties may be in place for over-use of the whip, including disqualification and fines. Improper overuse of whips may be considered
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The Rose whip is another variation of the stockwhip that was pioneered in Canada in the early 19th century, though it largely fell out of use by the 1880s. The Rose whips were effective in animal yards and other small areas. It was pioneered by an
American farmer, Jack Liao.
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is a two-piece unit like the stockwhip and is connected to the handle by threading two strands of the thong through a hollow part of a wooden handle before being tied off. The cowwhip is heavier than the
Australian stockwhip. Early cowwhips were made mostly of cowhide or
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A show cane is a short, stiff cane that may be plain, leather covered, or covered with braided leather. Traditional canes are made from a stick of holly, cherry or birch wood, which is dressed and polished. They are rarely used now except in formal show hacking
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from the ground. There are many different kinds, but all feature a handle, a long, semi-flexible shaft, and either a popper or lash at the end, depending on use. Riding whips rarely exceed 48" from handle to popper, horse whips used for ground training and
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is a short, flexible piece of thickly braided leather with two wide pieces of leather at the end, which makes a loud crack when it strikes an animal or object. They inflict more noise than pain. Quirts are occasionally carried on horses used in
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In
Victorian literature cads and bounders are depicted as being horsewhipped or threatened with horsewhipping for seduction of young women or breach of promise (to marry), usually by her brothers or father. Examples are found in the works of
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for compliant behavior. In the light of modern attitudes towards the potential for cruelty in whips, other names have gained currency among practitioners such as whips called a "wand" or a "stick," calling the lash a "string" or a "popper".
379:), including bullwhips and the Australian stockwhip, are a type of single-tailed leather whip with a very long lash but a short handle. Stockwhips are primarily used to make a loud cracking sound via special techniques that break the
395:. Unlike the short, embedded handle of a bullwhip, the stockwhip handle is not fitted inside the lash and is usually longer. A stockwhip's handle is connected to the thong by a joint typically made of a few strands of thick
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have a shaft about 1.2 to 1.5 metres (4 to 5 ft) long and a lash of equal or greater length. They are used to direct the horse as it is 'moved on a circle around the person standing in the centre, a process known as
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in a thick vegetated environment with less swinging room. The Tampa Bay Whip
Enthusiasts give demonstrations of the Florida Cracker Cowboy in costume at the annual Heritage Village Civil War Days festival, located in
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dinosaurs could crack the ends of their tails like coach whips as a sound signal, as well as a form of defense against any attackers. Newer, more sophisticated models, however, suggest that while the tails of some
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of a "fall". A fall is a piece of leather attached to the end of the body of the whip. In a snake whip, the "cracker" attaches to the fall. In a signal whip, the cracker attaches directly to the body of the whip.
383:, to move livestock (cattle, sheep, horses, etc.) away from the sound. It is generally not used to actually strike an animal, as it would inflict excessive pain and is difficult to apply with precision.
995:. Bamboo node-like protrusions are attached to the weapon body at regular intervals to reduce the contact surface and enhance the striking effect. The whip is stiff and does not bend. It weighs 7 or 8
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plaited together, and thicker rope from three strands of thinner rope plaited together. To make a cat o' nine tails, a rope is unravelled into three small ropes, each of which is unravelled again.
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west. A full sized snake whip is usually at least 1.2 metres (4 ft) in length (excluding the fall and cracker at the tip of the whip) and around one inch in diameter at the butt of the whip.
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disciplines, but because the action of a quirt is slow, they are not used to correct or guide the horse, but are more apt to be used by a rider to reach out and strike at animals, such as
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intended to be used on the horse, but rather the lash is there to remind the hounds to stay away from the horse's hooves, and it can also be used as a communication device to the hounds.
1097:) are used and optimized for whipping, and larger lizards can seriously injure a human with a well-placed strike. The biological names of some lizards reference this with the terms
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where the subject is conditioned to associate the whip with irritation, discomfort or pain, but in other cases, a whip can be used as a simple tool to provide a cue connected to
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Whips used without painful stimulus, as an extension of the human hand or arm, are a visual command, or to tap an animal, or to exert pressure. Such use may be related to
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714:, and coaches have a stock about the same length as a longe whips. The lash should be long enough to reach the shoulder of the forward-most horse from the driver's seat.
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The
Australian stockwhip is often said to have originated in the English hunting whip, but it has since become a distinct type of whip. Today, it is used primarily by
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1228:".) Such crops were sold at one time. Loading refers to the practice of filling the shaft and head with heavy metal (e.g., steel, lead) to provide some heft.
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The loud sound of a whip-crack is produced by a ripple in the material of whip travelling towards the tip, rapidly escalating in speed until it breaches the
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are so-called from their physical resemblance, and were associated with myths that they could whip with their body in self-defense, since proven false.
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Whips are generally used on animals to provide directional guidance or to encourage movement. Some whips are designed to control animals by imparting
905: ft) long, designed to lacerate the skin and cause intense pain. It traditionally has nine thongs as a result of the manner in which rope is
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and 180 cm and is attached to a fall and a cracker. Total weight is 1–2 kg. It is used for physical exercise and in performances.
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with both hands. The shaft is slightly flexible and tapers to a fine point at the tip. A similar, but slightly longer whip is used in
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activities involve the self-use of whips or the use of whips between consenting partners. Misuse on animals may be considered
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In modern times, the pain stimulus is still used in some animal training, and is permitted in many fields, including most
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The whip is widely—if only situationally—portrayed across many avenues of popular culture. Whips have appeared in many
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245:. Other uses of whips are to provide a visual directional cue by extending the reach and visibility of the human arm.
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Conti, Simone; Tschopp, Emanuel; Mateus, Octávio; Zanoni, Andrea; Masarati, Pierangelo; Sala, Giuseppe (2022-12-08).
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Most stick type whips cannot make a crack by themselves, unless they either have a very long lash, such as a
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disengage. Using a high-speed camera they were also able to verify that the tip of a whip can break the
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is a blunt weapon or implement used in a striking motion to create sound or pain. Whips can be used for
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Whip made in
Silesia, Poland, made to enhance its cracking sound, used in folk Easter celebrations of
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Dinosaurs could be used as whips, they likely would not have been able to break the sound barrier.
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disciplines, some of which mandate carrying a whip. The whip can be a vital tool to back up
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designed to inflict blunt damage with a whipping motion. A typical hard whip is made with
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Whip use by sound never or rarely strikes the animal; instead, a long, flexible whip is
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other rural areas. It was pioneered by the South
African inventor, Delaware Kumar.
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arachnids are also known as "whip scorpions" due to the shape of their tails.
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1534:"Multibody analysis and soft tissue strength refute supersonic dinosaur tail"
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Chisholm, Alec H., The
Australian Encyclopaedia, Halstead Press, Sydney, 1963
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to have been threatened with horsewhipping for besmirching the reputation of
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to produce a very sharp, loud sound. This usage also functions as a form of
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1037:. "Both the hard whip and the soft whip can both be referred to simply as
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is a type of multi-tailed whip that originated as an implement for severe
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in India to defend an accompanying pet dog from risk of attack by native
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A 1.2 m (4') signal whip with a U.S. dollar bill for size comparison
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241:. Some whips provide guidance by the use of sound, such as cracking of a
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Drafting whip (or cattle drafter) made by George Woolnough, the famous "
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Some organisms exhibit whip-like appendages in their physiology: Many
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bag running approximately three quarters of the length of the whip.
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The Australian stockwhip was shown internationally when lone rider
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or fear of pain, or be used as an audible cue through the distinct
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in Britain and some other countries. The cat is made up of nine
827:. It is also mentioned, though not depicted, in comic novels by
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The term "whip" is the generic word for riding whips, the term "
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The bullock-whip was used by an Australian bullock team driver (
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tested the various capabilities of whips shown in the film
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1332:. Contemporary Legal Issues. ABC-CLIO. pp. 260–261.
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639:. Some of the more common types of horse whips include:
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Let's Get Cracking! The How-To Book of Bullwhip Skills
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pictured with a U.S. dollar bill for size comparison
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181:against humans or animals to exert control through
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
209:on human targets. Certain religious practices and
1315:. Fédération Équestre Internationale. 2010-07-09.
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1185:The popular investigative-entertainment program
1078:, which are used for propulsion. "Flagellum" is
190:extended stock section in addition to the line.
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1485:. video.sina.com.cn. 2014-01-19. Archived from
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873:and Army of the United Kingdom, and also as a
575:Blacksnakes are the traditional whips used in
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909:. Thinner rope is made from three strands of
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1510:. University of Saskatchewan. Archived from
599:Top: A dressage whip. Bottom: a hunting crop
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1224:as his favorite weapon. (For example, see "
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166:reins, featuring a quirt at the end of the
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416:2000 Sydney Olympic Games Opening Ceremony
414:and cracked the stockwhip to commence the
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109:Learn how and when to remove this message
16:Type of blunt implement used for striking
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1508:"Physical Aggression in Captive Iguanas"
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1022:, in addition to modern and traditional
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1355:"True Cause of Whip's Crack Uncovered"
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835:. As late as the 1970s the historian
811:. This probably was a hunting whip.
778:that are being herded from horseback.
237:by a full-force strike that produces
1310:"Final decision of the FEI tribunal"
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291:and teams of harnessed animals like
47:adding citations to reliable sources
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2254:Tack accessories and training tools
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611:while riding, driving, or handling
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1226:The Adventure of the Six Napoleons
526:Modern cow whips are made of flat
14:
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2614:Category:Horse tack and equipment
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1329:Animals and the law: a sourcebook
1154:(including a central role in the
2442:Historic or ceremonial equipment
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1382:30 Years On and Off the Box Seat
1217:, Holmes occasionally carries a
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603:Horse whips or riding whips are
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2008:Component parts and accessories
1604:. 9 August 2011. Archived from
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1197:"The Busters of the Lost Myths"
1125:It has been proposed that some
971:'Whip'), also known as
803:mentions a long whip used by a
754:open and close gates while out
201:are specifically developed for
34:needs additional citations for
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1361:
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991:and has a length of around 90
979:, is a type of tubular-shaped
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620:driving are sometimes longer.
1:
1598:"… the loaded hunting crop …"
1295:
823:who includes such a scene in
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545:
511:The Florida cow whip used by
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2607:Glossary of equestrian terms
2316:Draw reins and running reins
1776:, components and accessories
1625:The Australian Encyclopaedia
1437:(in Japanese). Japan: 新紀元社.
1353:Graham, Sarah (2002-05-28).
1164:, ranging from the original
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1464:. Independent Press, 2015 (
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1018:, particularly traditional
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10:
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1829:Components and accessories
1693:. Cornell Maritime Press.
1655:. Cornell Maritime Press.
1623:Chisholm, Alec H. (1963).
1616:
1550:10.1038/s41598-022-21633-2
1414:"Chinese Whip / Truncheon"
1384:. J. A. Allen. p. 9.
1254:Discipline (mortification)
1074:have one or two whip-like
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132:A type of whip known as a
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1689:Morgan, David W. (2004).
1670:Largier, Niklaus (2007).
1378:HRH the Duke of Edinburgh
1160:franchise), and numerous
710:Driving whips for carts,
2641:Horse tack and equipment
1761:Horse equipment and tack
1326:Curnutt, Jordan (2001).
1105:, which derive from the
1085:The tails of some large
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1805:Australian stock saddle
1193:Raiders of the Lost Ark
1173:Raiders of the Lost Ark
363:An Australian stockwhip
261:in some jurisdictions.
2137:Bearing rein/overcheck
1632:Dante, Robert (2008).
1357:. Scientific American.
1215:Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
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1029:According to the book
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758:. The hunting whip is
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412:Australian Stock Horse
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371:An Australian bullwhip
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308:positive reinforcement
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1672:In Praise of the Whip
1651:Edwards, Ron (1999).
1213:series of stories by
1052:
924:
785:
742:speed sports such as
658:
651:style English riding.
598:
553:
474:
460:
448:
370:
362:
267:
159:
147:
131:
123:Whip (disambiguation)
2025:Mechanical hackamore
1723:at Wikimedia Commons
1691:Whips and Whipmaking
1602:The Bartitsu Society
1016:Chinese martial arts
1006:, also known as the
891:, about 0.8 metres (
839:was reported by the
631:disciplines such as
453:, made prior to 1939
304:operant conditioning
281:operant conditioning
121:For other uses, see
43:improve this article
2199:Horse-drawn vehicle
1020:Chinese disciplines
875:judicial punishment
867:physical punishment
786:A plaited show cane
542:every year in May.
203:corporal punishment
193:Whips such as the "
140:for size comparison
1608:on 13 August 2016.
1538:Scientific Reports
1138:In popular culture
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2301:Longeing cavesson
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2142:Blinders/blinkers
2087:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2015:Noseband/cavesson
1878:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1719:Media related to
1681:978-1-890951-65-8
1653:How to Make Whips
1643:978-1-4404-0623-2
1627:. Halstead Press.
1244:Cat o' nine tails
1109:term for "whip".
1062:Animal morphology
1041:(鞭) in Chinese."
969:
869:, notably in the
863:cat o' nine tails
857:Cat o' nine tails
851:Cat o' nine tails
817:Benjamin Disraeli
195:cat o' nine tails
150:cat o' nine tails
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1418:chineselongsword
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1249:Crop (implement)
1148:television shows
1035:Chinese language
970:
967:
963:
954:
929:(top and bottom)
904:
903:
899:
896:
847:in a biography.
821:Anthony Trollope
801:Garm - a Hostage
706:
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138:U.S. dollar bill
136:pictured with a
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1064:
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941:
933:Main articles:
919:
901:
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894:
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859:
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841:Daily Telegraph
805:horseback rider
799:'s short story
797:Rudyard Kipling
680:
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605:artificial aids
593:
565:
548:
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466:Brooklyn Museum
449:A whip made of
443:
430:
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375:Stockwhips (or
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239:pain compliance
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183:pain compliance
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1989:Bit mouthpiece
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1981:
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1966:
1964:Kimblewick bit
1961:
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1930:Bitless bridle
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1800:English saddle
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1709:External links
1707:
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1674:. Zone Books.
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1462:The Chain Whip
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1202:speed of sound
1139:
1136:
1070:organisms and
1063:
1060:
1046:
1043:
1031:The Chain Whip
918:
915:
855:Main article:
852:
849:
837:Desmond Seward
833:P.G. Wodehouse
794:
793:
780:
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772:western riding
763:
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732:English riding
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629:English riding
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540:Largo, Florida
531:parachute cord
508:
505:
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426:Main article:
423:
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408:Steve Jefferys
388:
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353:Main article:
350:
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327:speed of sound
319:Main article:
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259:animal cruelty
233:by tapping or
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1942:and bit parts
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1514:on 2010-06-16
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1489:on 2016-12-28
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1162:feature films
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1017:
1014:used in some
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990:
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925:Hard whip of
923:
917:Melee weapons
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744:barrel racing
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659:Longeing whip
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99:December 2023
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70:
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63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2612:
2605:
2268:
1726:
1690:
1671:
1652:
1633:
1624:
1606:the original
1601:
1592:
1544:(1): 19245.
1541:
1537:
1527:
1516:. Retrieved
1512:the original
1502:
1491:. Retrieved
1487:the original
1477:
1461:
1460:Kie Brooks.
1433:
1426:
1417:
1408:
1381:
1372:
1363:
1348:
1328:
1321:
1304:
1259:Flagellation
1222:hunting crop
1218:
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1206:
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1184:
1177:
1171:
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1118:
1111:
1102:
1098:
1084:
1082:for "whip".
1065:
1056:
1038:
1030:
1028:
1007:
1003:
1001:
976:
973:Chinese whip
972:
960:
944:
942:
927:Ming dynasty
862:
860:
829:Evelyn Waugh
813:
800:
795:
759:
736:horse racing
724:show jumping
673:
633:show jumping
622:
602:
574:
570:
566:
557:
525:
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501:
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484:stock whip.
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321:Whipcracking
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192:
179:flagellation
174:
172:
167:
161:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2541:Occupations
2482:Hipposandal
2405:Picket line
2296:Bitting rig
2222:Sled/sleigh
2159:Horse brass
2152:Shadow roll
2147:Lines/reins
2040:Mecate rein
1954:Snaffle bit
1841:Breastplate
1820:Pack saddle
1188:MythBusters
1176:(1981) and
1157:Castlevania
1152:video games
1114:whip snakes
1072:spermatozoa
1068:unicellular
993:centimetres
845:Richard III
809:pariah dogs
756:fox hunting
665:Longe whips
649:saddle seat
609:equestrians
477:Tenterfield
410:reared his
377:stock whips
254:riding aids
134:riding crop
2630:Categories
2393:Restraints
2306:Side reins
2264:Martingale
2070:Tongue-tie
2045:Curb chain
1974:Pelham bit
1908:Headstalls
1897:hackamores
1815:Sidesaddle
1636:. RDante.
1518:2009-10-20
1493:2014-01-19
1483:"麒麟鞭_百度百科"
1391:0851318983
1296:References
1170:(1919) to
1132:Diplodocid
1004:chain whip
939:Chain whip
871:Royal Navy
674:pronounced
591:Equestrian
546:Signalwhip
387:Australian
338:longe whip
331:sonic boom
270:Siuda Baba
231:discomfort
148:A leather
69:newspapers
2518:Hoof boot
2513:Horseshoe
2477:Caparison
2420:Rein hook
2352:equipment
2291:Surcingle
2179:Surcingle
2127:Breeching
2102:carriages
2065:Lip strap
2060:Bit guard
1999:Bit shank
1979:Spade bit
1925:Hackamore
1861:Saddlebag
1584:254483474
1558:2045-2322
1434:武器と防具 中国編
1400:11598049M
1264:Hard whip
1053:Qilinbian
1045:Qilinbian
1008:soft whip
997:kilograms
977:hard whip
738:, and in
728:hunt seat
712:carriages
637:hunt seat
585:blackjack
563:Snakewhip
513:Floridian
355:Stockwhip
349:Stockwhip
289:livestock
285:sled dogs
187:whipcrack
160:A set of
2561:Strapper
2523:Caulkins
2501:Farriery
2472:Shabrack
2467:Frentera
2379:Fly mask
2207:Carriage
1994:Bit ring
1984:Ring bit
1949:Curb bit
1851:Tapadero
1576:36482175
1380:(2005).
1239:Bullwhip
1232:See also
1182:(2004).
1179:Catwoman
1144:cartoons
1127:sauropod
1099:Mastigo-
1076:flagella
670:longeing
644:Dressage
618:carriage
607:used by
535:bullwhip
521:buckskin
507:Cow whip
493:bullocky
479:Saddler"
434:bullwhip
428:Bullwhip
422:Bullwhip
401:kangaroo
393:stockmen
315:Cracking
243:bullwhip
2556:Hostler
2452:Barding
2311:Chambon
2169:Crupper
2075:Sallong
1959:Gag bit
1893:bridles
1866:Pannier
1846:Stirrup
1787:Saddles
1774:Saddles
1617:Sources
1567:9732322
1289:Sjambok
1284:Scourge
1274:Nagaika
1207:In the
1195:during
1120:Uropygi
1103:-mastix
1091:iguanas
1087:lizards
1010:, is a
983:or rod
949:Chinese
907:plaited
900:⁄
879:knotted
792:events.
751:hunting
581:Wyoming
577:Montana
516:cowboys
397:leather
277:cracked
219:assault
207:torture
83:scholar
2410:Twitch
2400:Hobble
2359:Halter
2350:Stable
2184:Terret
2132:Bridle
2050:Fiador
1915:Bridle
1697:
1678:
1659:
1640:
1582:
1574:
1564:
1556:
1468:
1441:
1398:
1388:
1336:
1279:Quirts
1219:loaded
1089:(e.g.
1012:weapon
985:weapon
959::
957:pinyin
951::
886:cotton
882:thongs
776:cattle
730:style
613:horses
451:balatá
403:hide.
197:" and
85:
78:
71:
64:
58:"Whip"
56:
2636:Whips
2551:Groom
2321:Gogue
2279:Quirt
2232:Wagon
2227:Sulky
2217:Coach
2189:Trace
2035:Romal
2030:Reins
2020:Bosal
1836:Girth
1721:whips
1580:S2CID
1313:(PDF)
1269:Knout
1167:Zorro
1107:Greek
1080:Latin
1024:wushu
989:metal
767:quirt
740:rodeo
528:nylon
441:Other
344:Types
297:mules
199:knout
168:romal
163:romal
90:JSTOR
76:books
2364:Lead
2286:Spur
2274:Crop
2269:Whip
2212:Cart
2100:and
1940:Bits
1895:and
1889:Bits
1695:ISBN
1676:ISBN
1657:ISBN
1638:ISBN
1572:PMID
1554:ISSN
1466:ISBN
1439:ISBN
1386:ISBN
1334:ISBN
1112:The
1093:and
1039:whip
1002:The
981:club
968:lit.
962:Biān
945:Bian
943:The
937:and
911:yarn
889:cord
861:The
831:and
819:and
719:crop
625:crop
579:and
462:Whip
295:and
293:oxen
235:pain
211:BDSM
175:whip
62:news
1562:PMC
1546:doi
1101:or
975:or
884:of
760:not
672:" (
635:or
225:Use
205:or
45:by
2632::
1891:,
1600:.
1578:.
1570:.
1560:.
1552:.
1542:12
1540:.
1536:.
1453:^
1416:.
1396:OL
1394:.
1204:.
1150:,
1146:,
965:;
955:;
765:A
749:A
734:,
726:,
717:A
694:dʒ
587:.
523:.
432:A
418:.
287:,
221:.
173:A
1753:e
1746:t
1739:v
1703:.
1684:.
1665:.
1646:.
1586:.
1548::
1521:.
1496:.
1472:)
1447:.
1420:.
1402:.
1342:.
953:鞭
947:(
902:2
898:1
895:+
893:2
746:.
703:/
700:ŋ
697:ɪ
691:n
688:ʌ
685:l
682:ˈ
679:/
668:"
125:.
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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