588:
140:
40:
500:
1698:
371:
1722:
231:
1469:
1734:
483:
1710:
121:
558:
Phonolite is common across Europe, particularly within the Eifel
Plateau and the Laacher See. It is also found in the Czech Republic and the Mediterranean area near Italy. For localities in the United States, phonolite can be found in the Black Hills Forest in South Dakokta. The most well known
127:
125:
123:
126:
124:
1021:
Bryan, S. E; Cas, R. A. F.; Martı́, J (May 1998). "Lithic breccias in intermediate volume phonolitic ignimbrites, Tenerife (Canary
Islands): constraints on pyroclastic flow depositional processes".
1152:
122:
829:
Phonolites can be separated into slabs of appropriate dimensions to be used as roofing tiles in place of roofing slate. One such occurrence is in the French
1003:
Harper, J. A., ed., Journey along the
Taconic unconformity, northeastern Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and southeastern New York: Guidebook, 77th Annual
358:
and alkaline igneous provinces usually occur alongside phonolites. Low-degree partial melting of underplates of granitic material in collisional
2500:
911:
Ridley, W. I., 2012, Petrology of
Igneous Rocks, Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide Occurrence Model, USGS Scientific Report 2010-5070-C, Chapter 15.
718:
374:
Total alkali vs. silica classification scheme (TAS), as proposed in Le Maitre's 2002 Igneous Rocks – A classification and glossary of terms
1178:
Bausch, W. M. (June 1978). "The central part of the Jebel Nefusa volcano (Libya) survey map, age relationship and preliminary results".
342:
A few geological processes and tectonic events can melt the necessary precursor rocks to form phonolite. These include intracontinental
1651:
873:"Bimodality of Lavas in the Teide–Pico Viejo Succession in Tenerife—the Role of Crustal Melting in the Origin of Recent Phonolites"
871:
Wiesmaier, Sebastian; Troll, Valentin R.; Carracedo, Juan Carlos; Ellam, Robert M.; Bindeman, Ilya; Wolff, John A. (2012-12-01).
319:. Melting of such rocks to a very low degree promotes the liberation of aluminium, potassium, sodium and calcium by melting of
1065:
1300:
1772:
1327:
596:
213:
meaning "sounding stone" due to the metallic sound it produces if an unfractured plate is hit; hence, the
English name
528:
971:
929:
278:
587:
473:. Phonolite's characteristic dark color comes from its concentration of dark pyroxenes such as aegirine and augite.
260:
1220:
Marshall, Patrick, 'The occurrence of a mineral hitherto unknown in the phonolites of
Dunedin, New Zealand', 1929.
943:
1738:
945:
Analcite-bearing igneous rocks from the
Crowsnest Formation, southwestern Alberta (Current Research report 93-B1)
256:
147:
2779:
540:
2769:
1714:
1681:
1676:
787:
Rarely, economically mineralised phonolite-nepheline syenite alkaline complexes can be associated with
252:
800:
702:
567:
507:
Nepheline syenites and phonolites occur widely distributed throughout the world in Canada, Norway,
382:. They are products of partial melting, are silica-undersaturated, and have feldspathoids in their
241:
162:
2774:
1825:
1805:
1765:
1320:
1008:
245:
1232:"Basanite-Phonolite Lineages of the Teide-Pico Viejo Volcanic Complex, Tenerife, Canary Islands"
1058:
Hydrothermal
Mineral Deposits: Principles and Fundamental Concepts for the Exploration Geologist
872:
185:
that contains nepheline or leucite rather than quartz. It has an unusually high (12% or more) Na
139:
2250:
2215:
1272:"Levelwood | Saint Helena Island Info: All about St Helena, in the South Atlantic Ocean"
639:
1243:
1187:
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8:
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2001:
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Ablay, G. J.; Carroll, M. R.; Palmer, M. R.; Marti, J.; Sparks, R. S. J. (May 1998).
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1102:
574:. Phonolite occurs in the related Pilanesberg Complex and Pienaars River Complex.
2510:
2270:
2123:
1595:
1458:
1370:
1360:
781:
635:
629:
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570:, possibly formed from partial melting of the wall rocks adjacent to that large
2703:
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2138:
2061:
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1600:
1418:
1398:
1081:
Bassett, W. A. (October 1961). "Potassium-Argon Age of Devils Tower, Wyoming".
889:
830:
678:
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181:(mixed fine- and coarse-grained). Phonolite is a variation of the igneous rock
158:
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Eby, G. N., 2012, The
Beemerville alkaline complex, northern New Jersey,
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Rock and Gem: The
Definitive Guide to Rocks, Minerals, Gems, and Fossils
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143:
45:
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Provenance des silex préhistoriques du Jura et des régions limitrophes
687:
323:, with some involvement of mafic minerals. Because the rock is silica-
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Mineral assemblages in phonolite occurrences are usually abundant
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1159:(in French). Geopark - Parc Naturel Régional des Monts d'Ardèche
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Nepheline-normative rocks occur in close association with the
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205:. Phonolite is typically fine grained and compact. The name
2385:
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1388:
1301:
Woolley, A.R., Alkaline rocks and carbonatites of the world
815:
807:
131:
Demonstration of sound produced when phonolite is struck,
1004:
1229:
503:
Outcrop of phonolite at Beemerville Complex, New Jersey
303:(less than 10%) of highly aluminous rocks of the lower
449:
are common minor minerals. Accessory phases include
1141:
http://mapapps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyofbritain/home.html
955:
197:of igneous rocks. Its coarse grained (phaneritic)
935:
2761:
961:
1055:
966:(3rd ed.). London: Mineralogical Society.
1145:
1023:Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
1020:
951:. Geological Survey of Canada. pp. 51–56.
941:
1766:
1321:
988:Alkaline rocks and carbonatites of the world.
962:Deer, W.A.; Howie, R.A.; Zussman, J. (2013).
1060:. Berlin: Sringer-Verlag. pp. 267–269.
964:An Introduction to the Rock-Forming Minerals
559:phonolite-composed natural structure is the
551:, as well as on oceanic islands such as the
1049:
1005:Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists
365:
259:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1773:
1759:
1328:
1314:
818:heads and such by prehistoric people from
479:is an analcite-rich variety of phonolite.
378:Phonolite is a fine-grained equivalent of
38:
1255:
888:
279:Learn how and when to remove this message
1153:"Gerbier de Jonc et sources de la Loire"
855:
586:
498:
481:
369:
193:O content, defining its position in the
138:
119:
1080:
1074:
632:, northwestern British Columbia, Canada
2762:
1177:
775:
339:minerals more than feldspar minerals.
1754:
1309:
942:Peterson, T.D.; Currie, K.L. (1993).
905:
591:Porphyritic phonolite at Devils Tower
299:content, generated by low degrees of
1709:
851:
849:
597:Cripple Creek & Victor Gold Mine
257:adding citations to reliable sources
224:
157:is an uncommon shallow intrusive or
1733:
920:Blatt, Harvey and Robert J. Tracy,
13:
1780:
346:volcanism, such as may form above
14:
2791:
1294:
846:
780:Phonolites can be of interest as
335:, and is dominated by low-silica
163:intermediate chemical composition
1732:
1720:
1708:
1697:
1696:
1467:
1288:, Archéologie neuchâteloise, 28.
924:, Freeman, 2nd ed. 1996, p. 52,
860:. United States: DK. p. 47.
582:
291:Unusually, phonolite forms from
229:
1278:
1264:
1223:
1214:
1171:
1133:
990:, Geological Society of London.
622:, United States, an example of
1014:
993:
980:
914:
864:
1:
1335:
1103:10.1126/science.134.3487.1373
1043:10.1016/S0377-0273(98)00004-3
840:
784:or as aggregate for gravels.
547:, the Beemerville Complex of
494:
362:may also produce phonolites.
572:ultramafic layered intrusion
220:
173:, with texture ranging from
135:(Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico)
7:
577:
541:Magnet Cove igneous complex
10:
2796:
148:Schellerhau botanic garden
2571:
2409:
2196:
1786:
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1634:
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1465:
1343:
856:Bonewitz, Ronald (2008).
650:
96:
62:
57:
37:
28:
1371:Cryptovolcanic structure
1056:Pirajno, Franco (1992).
890:10.1093/petrology/egs056
810:was used as a source of
801:Phalaborwa, South Africa
712:
568:Bushveld Igneous Complex
366:Mineralogy and petrology
1826:Basaltic trachyandesite
1806:Alkali feldspar granite
1652:Eruptions by death toll
1257:10.1093/petroj/39.5.905
1009:Shawnee on Delaware, PA
217:is given as a synonym.
16:Uncommon extrusive rock
592:
504:
491:
375:
295:with a relatively low
151:
136:
31:Extrusive igneous rock
2216:Banded iron formation
1180:Geologische Rundschau
986:Woolley, A.R., 1995.
590:
502:
485:
445:along with iron-rich
373:
333:other silica crystals
146:made of Phonolite in
142:
130:
1284:Affolter, J., 2002,
1236:Journal of Petrology
877:Journal of Petrology
684:Mont Gerbier de Jonc
563:, found in Wyoming.
384:normative mineralogy
253:improve this section
1248:1998JPet...39..905A
1192:1978GeoRu..67..389B
1095:1961Sci...134.1373B
1035:1998JVGR...81..269B
833:region such as the
795:mineralisation and
776:Economic importance
768:The 'Bellstone' in
133:Cerro de la Campana
52:in phonolite sample
25:
2780:Intermediate rocks
2572:Specific varieties
1647:Lists of volcanoes
1434:Subglacial volcano
1409:Pyroclastic shield
1200:10.1007/BF01802796
599:phonolite pipe in
593:
505:
492:
486:Phonolite dike in
429:), and rare sodic
376:
195:TAS classification
177:(fine-grained) to
152:
137:
19:
2770:Igneous petrology
2757:
2756:
2002:Nepheline syenite
1748:
1747:
1501:Basaltic andesite
1439:Submarine volcano
1067:978-3-642-75673-3
883:(12): 2465–2495.
744:on the island of
661:North Berwick Law
606:Baldface Mountain
380:nepheline syenite
352:continental crust
350:covered by thick
317:metamorphic rocks
289:
288:
281:
203:nepheline syenite
128:
118:
117:
24:
2787:
2699:Rapakivi granite
2411:Metamorphic rock
2198:Sedimentary rock
2067:Quartz monzonite
1775:
1768:
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1736:
1735:
1724:
1712:
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1700:
1699:
1657:Decade Volcanoes
1635:Lists and groups
1626:Pyroclastic flow
1621:Pyroclastic fall
1471:
1404:Pyroclastic cone
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1211:
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1164:
1157:Volcans des sucs
1149:
1143:
1137:
1131:
1130:
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1046:
1029:(3–4): 269–296.
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791:mineralisation,
624:columnar-jointed
610:British Columbia
284:
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129:
44:Dark, prismatic
42:
26:
22:
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2790:
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2785:
2784:
2760:
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2753:
2567:
2511:Pseudotachylite
2405:
2192:
2124:Tephriphonolite
1782:
1779:
1749:
1744:
1688:
1630:
1596:Tephriphonolite
1472:
1463:
1459:Harmonic tremor
1361:Complex volcano
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1139:BGS map viewer
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919:
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906:
869:
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854:
847:
843:
782:dimension stone
778:
750:The phonolitic
715:
677:, northwestern
653:
646:, United States
636:Missouri Buttes
630:Hoodoo Mountain
608:, west-central
585:
580:
497:
368:
301:partial melting
285:
274:
268:
265:
250:
234:
223:
209:comes from the
192:
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11:
5:
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2775:Volcanic rocks
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2701:
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2546:Talc carbonate
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2147:
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2139:Trachyandesite
2136:
2131:
2126:
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2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
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2089:
2079:
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2069:
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2062:Quartz diorite
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1781:Types of rocks
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1672:Volcanic field
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1608:
1603:
1601:Trachyandesite
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1478:Volcanic rocks
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1419:Shield volcano
1416:
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1406:
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1399:Parasitic cone
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1295:External links
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1277:
1263:
1242:(5): 905–936.
1222:
1213:
1186:(2): 389–400.
1170:
1144:
1132:
1089:(3487): 1373.
1073:
1066:
1048:
1013:
992:
979:
972:
954:
934:
913:
904:
863:
844:
842:
839:
831:Massif Central
777:
774:
773:
772:
766:
748:
735:
725:
714:
711:
710:
709:
700:
691:
681:
679:Czech Republic
672:
652:
649:
648:
647:
633:
627:
613:
603:
584:
581:
579:
576:
553:Canary Islands
517:Ural Mountains
513:United Kingdom
511:, Sweden, the
496:
493:
437:, sodium-rich
367:
364:
360:orogenic belts
325:undersaturated
287:
286:
237:
235:
228:
222:
219:
201:equivalent is
190:
186:
159:extrusive rock
116:
115:
98:
94:
93:
64:
60:
59:
55:
54:
43:
35:
34:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2792:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2664:Litchfieldite
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2629:Hyaloclastite
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2570:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2476:Litchfieldite
2474:
2472:
2469:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2408:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2195:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2152:
2149:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2037:Phonotephrite
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1942:Hyaloclastite
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1785:
1776:
1771:
1769:
1764:
1762:
1757:
1756:
1753:
1741:
1740:
1731:
1729:
1728:
1723:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1695:
1694:
1691:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1667:Volcanic belt
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1571:Phonotephrite
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1470:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1454:Volcanic cone
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1429:Stratovolcano
1427:
1425:
1424:Somma volcano
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1414:Rootless cone
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1331:
1326:
1324:
1319:
1317:
1312:
1311:
1308:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1287:
1281:
1273:
1267:
1258:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1226:
1217:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1174:
1158:
1154:
1148:
1142:
1136:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1077:
1069:
1063:
1059:
1052:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1017:
1010:
1006:
1002:
996:
989:
983:
975:
973:9780903056274
969:
965:
958:
947:
946:
938:
931:
930:0-7167-2438-3
927:
923:
917:
908:
900:
896:
891:
886:
882:
878:
874:
867:
859:
852:
850:
845:
838:
837:département.
836:
832:
827:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
804:
802:
799:, such as at
798:
794:
790:
785:
783:
771:
767:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
747:
743:
742:stratovolcano
739:
736:
734:, New Zealand
733:
729:
728:Mount Cargill
726:
724:
720:
717:
716:
708:
704:
701:
699:
695:
692:
689:
685:
682:
680:
676:
673:
670:
667:in southeast
666:
662:
658:
655:
654:
645:
641:
637:
634:
631:
628:
625:
621:
617:
614:
611:
607:
604:
602:
598:
595:
594:
589:
583:North America
575:
573:
569:
564:
562:
561:Devil's Tower
556:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
501:
489:
484:
480:
478:
474:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
413:) and alkali
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
391:feldspathoids
387:
385:
381:
372:
363:
361:
357:
353:
349:
348:mantle plumes
345:
340:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
283:
280:
272:
262:
258:
254:
248:
247:
243:
238:This section
236:
232:
227:
226:
218:
216:
212:
211:Ancient Greek
208:
204:
200:
196:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
149:
145:
141:
134:
114:
110:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
65:
61:
56:
51:
47:
41:
36:
33:
32:
27:
2674:Luxullianite
2654:Lapis lazuli
2599:Blue Granite
2526:Serpentinite
2501:Metapsammite
2251:Conglomerate
2173:Trondhjemite
2151:Trachybasalt
2092:Pantellerite
2031:
1992:Monzogranite
1937:Hornblendite
1922:Granodiorite
1788:Igneous rock
1737:
1725:
1713:
1701:
1662:Volcanic arc
1606:Trachybasalt
1565:
1444:Supervolcano
1376:Fissure vent
1285:
1280:
1266:
1239:
1235:
1225:
1216:
1183:
1179:
1173:
1161:. Retrieved
1156:
1147:
1135:
1086:
1082:
1076:
1057:
1051:
1026:
1022:
1016:
1000:
995:
987:
982:
963:
957:
944:
937:
921:
916:
907:
880:
876:
866:
857:
828:
805:
786:
779:
770:Saint Helena
756:Mount Erebus
719:Jebel Nefusa
665:Traprain Law
642:, northeast
640:Crook County
616:Devils Tower
565:
557:
539:region, the
531:in Germany,
506:
475:
423:anorthoclase
388:
377:
341:
337:feldspathoid
327:, it has no
290:
275:
266:
251:Please help
239:
214:
206:
154:
153:
91:anorthoclase
29:
2563:Whiteschist
2454:Greenschist
2434:Cataclasite
2424:Amphibolite
2351:Phosphorite
2301:Itacolumite
2226:Calcarenite
2072:Quartzolite
2007:Nephelinite
1977:Lamprophyre
1932:Harzburgite
1890:Napoleonite
1863:Charnockite
1858:Carbonatite
1848:Blairmorite
1811:Anorthosite
1739:WikiProject
1682:polygenetic
1677:monogenetic
1556:Nephelinite
1511:Blairmorite
1486:Agglomerate
1394:Mud volcano
1366:Cryovolcano
1356:Cinder cone
1011:, p. 85-91.
835:Haute Loire
826:, Germany.
760:Ross Island
529:Kaiserstuhl
490:in Ethiopia
477:Blairmorite
431:plagioclase
179:porphyritic
58:Composition
46:phenocrysts
2764:Categories
2729:Teschenite
2714:Shonkinite
2689:Pietersite
2684:Novaculite
2594:Borolanite
2579:Adamellite
2496:Metapelite
2464:Calcflinta
2429:Blueschist
2419:Anthracite
2401:Wackestone
2381:Travertine
2326:Lumachelle
2306:Jaspillite
2261:Diamictite
2183:Websterite
2168:Troctolite
2144:Benmoreite
2104:Shonkinite
2077:Rhyodacite
2057:Pyroxenite
2027:Peridotite
1987:Lherzolite
1962:Kimberlite
1952:Ignimbrite
1947:Icelandite
1927:Granophyre
1836:Shoshonite
1581:Rhyodacite
1531:Ignimbrite
1506:Benmoreite
1163:15 January
841:References
820:Hohentwiel
806:Phonolite
797:phosphates
789:rare-earth
764:Antarctica
694:Montiferru
549:New Jersey
495:Occurrence
439:amphiboles
427:orthoclase
215:clinkstone
144:Lithophone
23:Clinkstone
2744:Variolite
2734:Theralite
2724:Tachylite
2709:Rodingite
2679:Mangerite
2659:Larvikite
2644:Jasperoid
2639:Jadeitite
2604:Epidosite
2558:Tectonite
2551:Soapstone
2516:Quartzite
2486:Migmatite
2471:Itabirite
2449:Granulite
2391:Turbidite
2371:Sylvinite
2366:Siltstone
2356:Sandstone
2341:Oil shale
2321:Limestone
2296:Gritstone
2291:Greywacke
2286:Geyserite
2276:Evaporite
2266:Diatomite
2241:Claystone
2206:Argillite
2119:Tachylyte
2087:Comendite
2032:Phonolite
2022:Pegmatite
1997:Monzonite
1972:Lamproite
1967:Komatiite
1907:Foidolite
1868:Enderbite
1831:Mugearite
1566:Phonolite
1551:Leucitite
1536:Komatiite
1384:Lava dome
1380:Lava cone
1337:Volcanoes
1208:140601047
1111:0036-8075
922:Petrology
899:0022-3530
752:lava lake
703:Wolf Rock
657:Bass Rock
626:phonolite
537:Transvaal
523:, Italy,
509:Greenland
488:Haddinnet
467:magnetite
443:pyroxenes
395:nepheline
354:. A-type
313:monzonite
269:July 2013
240:does not
221:Formation
207:phonolite
199:intrusive
175:aphanitic
155:Phonolite
150:(Germany)
105:amphibole
97:Secondary
67:nepheline
20:Phonolite
2719:Taconite
2694:Pyrolite
2619:Ganister
2589:Aphanite
2584:Appinite
2506:Phyllite
2491:Mylonite
2459:Hornfels
2439:Eclogite
2336:Mudstone
2311:Laterite
2271:Dolomite
2188:Wehrlite
2163:Trachyte
2156:Hawaiite
2134:Tonalite
2129:Tephrite
2082:Rhyolite
2047:Porphyry
2017:Obsidian
1902:Essexite
1853:Boninite
1843:Basanite
1801:Andesite
1703:Category
1611:Trachyte
1586:Rhyolite
1561:Obsidian
1491:Andesite
1119:17807346
746:Tenerife
707:Cornwall
698:Sardinia
690:, France
669:Scotland
612:, Canada
601:Colorado
578:Examples
545:Arkansas
521:Pyrenees
471:ilmenite
459:corundum
451:titanite
419:sanidine
415:feldspar
411:analcite
399:sodalite
356:granites
321:feldspar
309:tonalite
307:such as
183:trachyte
165:between
109:pyroxene
87:sanidine
83:analcite
71:sodalite
50:aegirine
2739:Unakite
2669:Llanite
2634:Ijolite
2609:Felsite
2541:Suevite
2376:Tillite
2316:Lignite
2256:Coquina
2221:Breccia
2114:Syenite
2042:Picrite
1957:Ijolite
1917:Granite
1885:Diorite
1880:Diabase
1796:Adakite
1715:Commons
1642:Hotspot
1541:Lapilli
1526:Felsite
1351:Caldera
1244:Bibcode
1188:Bibcode
1127:3101604
1091:Bibcode
1083:Science
1031:Bibcode
793:uranium
732:Dunedin
688:Ardèche
644:Wyoming
620:Wyoming
455:apatite
447:olivine
435:Biotite
407:leucite
344:hotspot
261:removed
246:sources
113:olivine
101:biotite
79:leucite
63:Primary
2649:Kenyte
2624:Gossan
2521:Schist
2481:Marble
2444:Gneiss
2346:Oolite
2211:Arkose
2109:Sovite
2099:Scoria
2052:Pumice
2012:Norite
1982:Latite
1912:Gabbro
1897:Dunite
1875:Dacite
1821:Basalt
1816:Aplite
1727:Portal
1591:Tephra
1576:Pumice
1546:Latite
1521:Dacite
1516:Cinder
1496:Basalt
1449:Tossol
1206:
1125:
1117:
1109:
1064:
970:
928:
897:
651:Europe
535:, the
533:Brazil
519:, the
515:, the
463:zircon
403:hauyne
329:quartz
297:silica
167:felsic
75:hauyne
2614:Flint
2536:Slate
2531:Skarn
2396:Varve
2361:Shale
2281:Flint
2236:Chert
2231:Chalk
1344:Types
1204:S2CID
1123:S2CID
949:(PDF)
824:Hegau
812:flint
738:Teide
723:Libya
713:Other
675:Bořeň
525:Eifel
305:crust
293:magma
189:O + K
171:mafic
161:, of
2386:Tufa
2331:Marl
2246:Coal
2178:Tuff
1616:Tuff
1389:Maar
1165:2017
1115:PMID
1107:ISSN
1062:ISBN
968:ISBN
926:ISBN
895:ISSN
822:and
816:adze
814:for
808:tuff
740:, a
671:, UK
663:and
527:and
469:and
441:and
409:and
315:and
244:any
242:cite
169:and
2749:Wad
1252:doi
1196:doi
1099:doi
1087:134
1039:doi
885:doi
754:in
543:of
425:or
331:or
255:by
48:of
2766::
1250:.
1240:39
1238:.
1234:.
1202:.
1194:.
1184:67
1182:.
1155:.
1121:.
1113:.
1105:.
1097:.
1085:.
1037:.
1027:81
1025:.
1007:,
1001:in
893:.
881:53
879:.
875:.
848:^
803:.
762:,
758:,
730:,
721:,
705:,
696:,
686:,
659:,
638:,
618:,
555:.
465:,
461:,
457:,
453:,
433:.
421:,
405:,
401:,
397:,
386:.
311:,
111:,
107:,
103:,
89:,
85:,
81:,
77:,
73:,
69:,
1774:e
1767:t
1760:v
1329:e
1322:t
1315:v
1274:.
1260:.
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