255:
194:
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Kapitein Phoa Beng Gan organised for funds to be collected from the
Chinese community to finance the draining of Batavia's swamps, and took charge of the project himself. To this end, he constructed a great canal to drain swamp water out of the city. Draining and construction work on the canal began
245:
This tax was imposed upon the
Company's Chinese subjects over the age of sixteen, and was payable to the colonial authorities through the new Kapitein who was entitled to a portion of the total amount. The tax was seen as onerous by the local Chinese community and, for a time, generated a great deal
293:
Further irrigation work was needed, however, as the new canal dried up during the dry season, thus preventing its use as a transportation route. The
Kapitein remedied this problem by extending the canal, through to what are now Jalan Djuanda and Jalan Veteran in
262:
Despite initial community ill will, Kapitein Phoa Beng Gan acquitted himself well as
Chinese headman thanks to his irrigation work, for which he is best remembered today. Batavia in the mid-seventeenth century was prone to severe
204:
According to the historian Phoa Kian Sioe, the impetus for Phoa Beng Gan's appointment as
Kapitein der Chinezen in 1645 came from the local Chinese community of Batavia. Only then was this appointment subsequently approved by
665:
278:
and beyond, and therefore functioned as a major transportation channel to supply the colonial capital with food produce and other resources from the hinterland. The canal was called
224:, who were both wealthy merchant-mandarins, Phoa did not come from great wealth. As wealth was seen as an essential requirement for public office, the colonial authorities
658:
267:
outbreaks due to its surrounding swamps. The colonial authorities, however, did not have the necessary funds to drain the swamps due to expenditure elsewhere.
651:
973:
274:
The new canal not only drained the swamps around
Batavia, but also served a vital economic role. It connected the city to the then agricultural area of
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In recognition of the
Kapitein's irrigation work, the colonial authorities granted him an estate (
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37:
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in honour of
Kapitein Phoa Beng Gan. Later in 1661, the canal was rechristened
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946:
914:
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275:
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Ekspedisi
Ciliwung: laporan jurnalistik Kompas : mata air, air mata
193:
938:
258:
Phoa's
Molenvliet canal in the late 19th century (Woodbury & Page).
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bureaucrat and engineer, best known for his irrigation work in
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163:(or Chinese headman) of Batavia from 1645 to 1663, succeeding
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in January 1648 and were completed by the end of the year.
537:
535:
345:
Sedjarahnja: Souw Beng Kong, Phoa Beng Gan, Oey Tamba Sia
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511:(in Indonesian). Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia.
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547:(in Indonesian). Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kompas. 2009.
451:
449:
447:
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415:(in Indonesian). Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
200:, Governor-General at the start of Phoa's tenure.
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573:
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367:
365:
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378:(in Indonesian). Jakarta: Penerbit Republika.
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974:Dutch colonial governors and administrators
666:
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324:
315:, where Phoa later cultivated sugar cane.
246:of ill will towards their chosen headman.
16:Chinese-Indonesian bureaucrat and engineer
399:
908:
701:
253:
192:
577:
984:People from Batavia, Dutch East Indies
966:
584:(in Indonesian). Jakarta: TransMedia.
505:A. S., Marcus; Benedanto, Pax (2000).
371:
647:
213:under the Dutch East India Company.
994:Indonesian people of Chinese descent
412:Batavia, 1740: menyisir jejak Betawi
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189:Appointment as Kapitein der Chinezen
112:Phoa Beng Gan, Kapitein der Chinezen
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348:(in Indonesian). Djakarta: Reporter
13:
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14:
1020:
989:People from the Dutch East Indies
626:Kapitein der Chinezen of Batavia
298:, in order to connect it to the
286:- a name it was to retain until
38:Kapitein der Chinezen of Batavia
979:Dutch East India Company people
140:) in some early sources, was a
581:Tionghoa Dalam Pusaran Politik
181:
136:
1:
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228:to Phoa the highly lucrative
216:Unlike his two predecessors,
7:
10:
1025:
578:Setiono, Benny G. (2008).
508:Kesastraan Melayu Tionghoa
999:Indonesian Hokkien people
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375:Betawi queen of the east
342:Phoa, Kian Sioe (1956).
218:Kapitein Souw Beng Kong
950:(1910β1918; 1927-1945)
693:Kapiteins der Chinezen
680:Kapiteins der Chinezen
457:"Encyclopedia Jakarta"
259:
201:
463:. Pemprov DKI Jakarta
409:Adi, Windoro (2010).
372:Shihab, Alwi (2004).
257:
207:Cornelis van der Lijn
198:Cornelis van der Lijn
196:
160:Kapitein der Chinezen
100:Kapitein der Chinezen
894:Majoors der Chinezen
156:). He served as the
619:Kapitein Lim Lak Ko
611:Government offices
222:Kapitein Lim Lak Ko
165:Kapitein Lim Lak Ko
61:Kapitein Lim Lak Ko
260:
202:
142:Chinese-Indonesian
961:
960:
957:
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888:
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642:
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636:Kapitein Gan Djie
633:Succeeded by
461:www.jakarta.go.id
308:particuliere land
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73:Kapitein Gan Djie
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234:or tax farm for
211:Governor-General
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91:Personal details
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57:
48:
19:
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250:Irrigation work
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137:PΔn MΓngyΓ‘n Jia
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741:Nyai Gan Djie
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725:Phoa Beng Gan
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182:LΓn LiΓΉgΔ Jia
178:
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120:Phoa Bing Gam
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26:Phoa Beng Gan
25:
20:
1004:Kapitan Cina
947:Khouw Kim An
915:Tan Eng Goan
893:
877:Tan Eng Goan
861:Lie Tieuw Ko
853:Tan Jap Long
845:Tan Peeng Ko
757:Nie Hoe Kong
724:
692:
679:
675:
624:
597:27 September
595:. Retrieved
580:
560:27 September
558:. Retrieved
543:
524:27 September
522:. Retrieved
507:
467:27 September
465:. Retrieved
460:
428:27 September
426:. Retrieved
411:
391:27 September
389:. Retrieved
374:
352:27 September
350:. Retrieved
344:
306:
304:
292:
288:Independence
279:
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203:
180:
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135:
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111:
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79:Constituency
68:Succeeded by
45:
23:
942:(1896β1907)
934:(1879β1896)
926:(1865β1879)
918:(1837β1865)
880:(1828-1837)
872:(1822β1828)
864:(1817β1822)
856:(1811-1817)
848:(1809β1812)
840:(1800β1809)
832:(1791β1800)
816:(1784β1790)
813:Swa Toen Ko
808:(1775β1784)
805:Oey Hing Ko
797:Ting Ing Ko
792:(1756-1775)
789:Lim Tjip Ko
784:(1750-1756)
776:(1747-1750)
773:Oey Tsom Ko
768:(1743-1747)
765:Lim Beng Ko
760:(1736β1740)
752:(1678β1685)
744:(1666β1678)
736:(1663β1666)
728:(1645β1663)
720:(1636β1645)
712:(1619β1636)
313:Tanah Abang
296:Sawah Besar
280:Bingamvaart
276:Tanah Abang
236:surat konde
209:, the 10th
56:Preceded by
968:Categories
939:Tio Tek Ho
896:of Batavia
717:Lim Lak Ko
695:of Batavia
630:1645β1663
319:References
284:Molenvliet
226:farmed out
96:Occupation
909:1837β1945
702:1619β1837
154:Indonesia
50:1645β1663
46:In office
1009:Pachters
733:Gan Djie
240:poll tax
24:Kapitein
685:Batavia
676:Majoors
265:malaria
169:Chinese
150:Jakarta
146:Batavia
124:Chinese
82:Batavia
824:(1790)
800:(1775)
588:
551:
515:
419:
382:
179::
177:pinyin
171::
158:third
134::
132:pinyin
126::
116:Bingam
311:) in
231:pacht
148:(now
678:and
599:2017
586:ISBN
562:2017
549:ISBN
526:2017
513:ISBN
469:2017
430:2017
417:ISBN
393:2017
380:ISBN
354:2017
220:and
173:ζε
ε₯η²
128:ζ½ζ岩η²
36:3rd
683:of
302:.
242:.
238:or
185:).
118:or
970::
570:^
534:^
477:^
459:.
438:^
401:^
362:^
326:^
290:.
175:;
152:,
130:;
667:e
660:t
653:v
601:.
564:.
528:.
471:.
432:.
395:.
356:.
167:(
122:(
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