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tradition. The vases first appeared at the end of the 5th century BCE, but most are 4th century. They represent grotesque characters, the masks of comedy, and the props of comic performance such as ladders, baskets, and open windows. About a quarter of them depict a low wooden temporary stage, but whether this was used in reality is a point of contention.
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The so-called phlyax vases are a principal source of information on the genre. By 1967, 185 of these vases had been identified. Since depictions of theatre and especially comedy are rare in fabrics other than the South
Italian, these have been thought to portray the distinctly local theatre
388:
O. Taplin, Classical
Philology, Icongraphic Parody and Potted Aristophanes, Dioniso 57, 1987, 95–109, taking the vase as evidence that Attic Old Comedy was performed outside Athens after death of Aristophanes.
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Textual and archaeological evidence give a partial picture of these burlesques of mythology and daily life. The absence of any surviving script has led to conjecture that they were largely
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subsequently developed a tradition of farces, parodies, and satires influenced by late Greek models, which became popular in Rome during the 3rd century BCE. This genre was known as
166:. The vase paintings indicate that they were performed on a raised wooden stage with an upper gallery, and that the actors wore grotesque costumes and
94:
241:, H5697) was identified in 1980 as a phlyax vase, but Csapo and Taplin independently have argued that it actually represents the
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such as Maccus and Bucco to Latin comedy; even in antiquity, these were thought to be the ancestors of the characters found in
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are thought to represent scenes of the phlyakes, giving rise to much speculation on Greek stagecraft and dramatic form.
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similar to those of Attic Old Comedy. Acrobatics and farcical scenes were major features of the phlyax.
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and
Heraklides. The plays themselves survive only as titles and a few fragments. A substantial body of
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38:
357:, 1971, correlated Greek and Roman painted linen comic masks with their representation on the vases.
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Art of Acting
Antiquity: Iconographical Studies in Classical, Hellenistic and Byzantine Theatre
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of 1886. Scholarship of the late 20th and early 21st centuries, in particular the work of
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Z Stewart , The ‘Amphitrue’ of
Plautus and Euripides ‘Bacchae’ TAPhA 89, 1958, 348–73.
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in the 4th century BCE. Its name derives from the
Phlyakes or "Gossip Players" in
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Three men robbing a miser in his house, in a scene from a phlyax play painted by
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See Rudolf Kassel, Colin Austin Poetae Comici Graeci, vol. I, pp. 257–88. 2001.
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E. Csapo, A Note on the
Wurzburg Bell-Krater H5697, Phoenix 40, 1986, 379–92.
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of Locri provides the closest contemporary explanation of the genre in her
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Comic Angels: And Other
Approaches to Greek Drama Through Vase-Paintings
340:, 1961, p.146, takes a rather literal reading of this whereas W. Beare,
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203:. Although an older view held that Attic comedy was the only source of
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207:, it has been argued that Rhinthon in particular influenced Plautus’s
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being the name of a
Campanian town. Atellan farce introduced a set of
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344:, 1964, insists this is a matter of the painter's interpretation.
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The phlyakes seems to die out by the late 3rd century, but the
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depicting a possible phlyax scene on a stage, with elements of
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rather than phlyakes. The
Wurzburg Telephus Travestitus vase (
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Apulian krater thought to depict a phlyax performer
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233:Some scholars view the vases as depicting Attic
316:This argument was first made by H Heydemann in
366:Kossatz-Deissmann, in Tainia: Festschrift für
318:Die Phlyakendarstellungen der bemalten Vasen
82:with the stock characters and situations of
136:Pass by with a loud laugh and a kindly word
142:For tragic farce I plucked an ivy wreath.
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338:The History of Greek and Roman Theater
140:The Muses' little nightingale; and yet
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431:Monuments Illustrating Greek Drama
138:For me: Rhinthon of Syracuse am I,
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479:Ancient Greek theatre
451:at Wikimedia Commons
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158:such as a usable door
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115:South Italian vases
48:), also known as a
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458:Categories
255:References
235:Old Comedy
164:improvised
156:set design
210:Amphitruo
60:burlesque
58:), was a
179:Campania
91:Rhinthon
45:phlyakes
433:, 1971.
426:, 1967.
405:, 2001.
195:Plautus
130:epitaph
107:Sopater
99:Taranto
42:, also
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287:Horace
187:Atella
152:krater
126:Nossis
111:Paphos
95:Sciras
22:Asteas
175:Oscan
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39:φλύαξ
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