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202:. One approach of many epitaphs is to "speak" to the reader and warn them about their own mortality. A wry trick of others is to request the reader to get off their resting place, inasmuch as the reader would have to be standing on the ground above the coffin to read the inscription. Some record achievements (e.g., past politicians note the years of their terms of office). Nearly all (excepting those where this is impossible by definition, such as the
432:
285:' use of epitaphs was more blunt and uniform, typically detailing facts of the deceased – as did the earliest epitaphs in English churches. "May the earth lie light upon thee" was a common inscription for them. Due to the influence of Roman occupiers, the dominant language of epitaphs was Latin, evidenced by the oldest existing epitaphs in Britain. French and English came into fashion around the 13th and 14th centuries, respectively.
305:
considerable burgeoning intellectual interest. Critical essays had been published before on the matter, possibly contributing towards its flourishing in the latter half of the 18th century. Epitaphs never became a major poetic form and, according to
Romantic scholar Ernest Bernhardt-Kabisch, they had "virtually disappeared" by 1810. "The art of the epitaph was largely lost in the 20th century", wrote the
105:
163: 'tomb') is a short text honoring a deceased person. Strictly speaking, it refers to text that is inscribed on a tombstone or plaque, but it may also be used in a figurative sense. Some epitaphs are specified by the person themselves before their death, while others are chosen by those responsible for the burial. An epitaph may be written in
293:, the most prolific pre-Romantic epitaphist, wrote 35 pieces, them being largely satirical. The rate of literary epitaphs has been historically overshadowed by "popular sepulchral inscriptions which are produced in countless numbers at all time"; "strictly literary" epitaphs were most present during the start of the
218:
commemoration of a person, which may or may not be inscribed on a monument. In many
European languages, however, the meaning of the word (or its close equivalent) has broadened to mean the monument itself, specifically a mural monument or plaque erected in a church, often close to, but not directly
304:
have been credited with providing success to epitaph-writing adjacent to that of poetry significance – Robert
Southey, in focusing simultaneously upon transience and eternity, contributed substantially. General interest for epitaphs was waning at the cusp of the 19th century, in contrast to a
288:
By the 16th century, epitaphs had become more literary in nature and those written in verse were involved in trade. In
America and Britain, comedic epitaphs are common in the form of acrostics, palindromes, riddles, and puns on names and professions –
1204:. The South African poet Gert Vlok Nel wrote an (originally) untitled song, which appeared on his first music album "Beaufort-Wes se Beautiful Woorde" as "Epitaph", because his producer Eckard Potgieter told him that the song sounded like an epitaph.
1118:
174:
Most epitaphs are brief records of the family, and perhaps the career, of the deceased, often with a common expression of love or respect—for example, "beloved father of ..."—but others are more ambitious. From the
179:
to the 19th century in
Western culture, epitaphs for notable people became increasingly lengthy and pompous descriptions of their family origins, career, virtues and immediate family, often in Latin. Notably, the
1102:
1025:
1087:
989:
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206:) note name, year or date of birth, and date of death. Many list family members and the relationship of the deceased to them (for example, "Father / Mother / Son / Daughter of").
188:
epitaph, exceeds almost all of these at 180 lines; it celebrates the virtues of an honored wife (sometimes identified, but no generally accepted, as the Wife of
1816:
Bertrand, Régis (2005). "Que de vertus: Les épitaphes édifiantes des débuts du XIXe siècle". In
Bertrand, Régis; Carol, Anne; Pelen, Jean-Noël (eds.).
1420:
Mérai, Dóra (2015). "Stones in floors and walls: commemorating the dead in the
Transylvanian Principality". In Dumitran, Daniel; Rotar, Marius (eds.).
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57:
1373:...has traditionally been assigned to this Turia, but this is now generally rejected and there are no good arguments for the identification.
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1873:
Vidor, Gian Marco (2014). "Satisfying the mind and inflaming the heart: emotions and funerary epigraphy in nineteenth-century Italy".
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1144:
In a more figurative sense, the term may be used for music composed in memory of the deceased. Igor
Stravinsky composed in 1958
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1426:. Annales Universitatis Apulensis: Series Historica. Vol. 19. Cluj-Napoca: Editura Mega. pp. 151–174 (153–162).
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was the prominent format for a significant period of time. Epitaphs upon stone monuments became a common feature by the
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Lengthy epitaph for Johann Wauer (d. 1728), a German pastor, concluding with a short
Biblical quotation
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1128:, at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills). It features etchings of characters she voiced on
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Stock phrases or standard elements present in epitaphs on mediaeval church monuments and
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In
English, and in accordance with the word's etymology, the word "epitaph" refers to a
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indicating the omitted letters) ("whose soul may God look upon with favour Amen")
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The English Poetic Epitaph: commemoration and conflict from Jonson to Wordsworth
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1820:. Aix-en-Provence: Publications de l'Université de Provence. pp. 241–255.
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1945:
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for narrator, chamber choir, piano, flute, clarinet and percussion. In 1969,
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1214:, released in 2016, is generally seen as his musical epitaph, with singles "
723:
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This is my father's crime against me, which I myself committed against none.
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Sarcophagi and coffins were the choice of ancient Egyptians for epitaphs;
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Places of Memory: cemeteries and funerary practices throughout the time
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456: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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Epitaph Culture in the West: variations on a theme in cultural history
662:
Against you I will fling myself, unvanquished and unyielding, O Death!
1391:. Oxford handbooks. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.
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104:
1349:
Badian, Ernst (1996). Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Antony (eds.).
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Plessis, Paul J. du; Ando, Clifford; Tuori, Kaius, eds. (2016).
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deal primarily with Western culture and do not represent a
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over, a person's place of burial. Examples include German
1357:(3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p.
1200:
for string trio as a tribute to the memory of his father
999:
at Seaside Memorial Park in Corpus Christi, Texas citing
625:
Ease after warre, death after life, does greatly please.
1190:(Епітафія Л.Б.) for viola (or cello) and piano. In 2007
789:
Who caught his early death by drinking cold small beer.
484:
1615:
Photograph of William Shakespeare's grave, 3 June 2007
1093:
A folksy epitaph to an English village blacksmith in
269:The history of epitaphs extends as far back as the
1350:
1174:, giving a reference to epitaphs within the song.
1154:called his Symphony No. 2 for choir and orchestra
793:And when you're hot, drink strong or none at all.
1502:
965:He never killed a man that did not need killing.
1943:
1733:The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury
1384:
1908:
1625:
814:Would this man, could he see you now, ask why?
506:(oldest surviving complete musical composition)
1703:"Famous Epitaph on Unknown Soldier tomb stone"
1505:"The Epitaph and the Romantic Poets: A Survey"
1770:. London, New York: J. M. Dent; E. P. Dutton.
1739:(translator). London: John Bohn. p. 188.
1348:
1108:The gravestone of comedian, writer and actor
812:To save your world you asked this man to die:
54:The examples and perspective in this article
1685:"Göttingen Stadtfriedhof Grab David Hilbert"
1388:The Oxford handbook of Roman law and society
859:Heroes have the whole earth for their tomb.
541:Blessed be the man that spares these stones,
1588:
1156:Epitaphium Stanisław Wiechowicz in memoriam
1078:, Glory of Iran and his patriotic daughter
623:Sleep after toyle, port after stormie seas,
1754:
1723:
1608:
981:
834:When you go home, tell them of us and say,
787:Here sleeps at peace a Hampshire Grenadier
764:that here, obedient to their law, we lie.
557:Here lies One whose Name was writ in Water
209:
1729:"History of the Peloponnesian War 2.34.3"
762:Go tell the Spartans, stranger passing by
472:Learn how and when to remove this message
92:Learn how and when to remove this message
1858:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
1815:
1589:Blankinship, Kevin (20 September 2015).
339:
277:utilised emotive expression, written in
103:
791:Soldiers, be wise at his untimely fall,
530:Bleste be yͤ man yͭ spares thes stones,
1944:
1853:
1834:
1150:for flute, clarinet and harp. In 1967
543:And cursed be he that moves my bones.
380:... cuius animae propitietur deus amen
1872:
1640:
1419:
836:For your tomorrow, we gave our today
740:Wir müssen wissen. Wir werden wissen.
537:Good friend, for Jesus's sake forbear
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857:covered over for such as appear not.
707:I've finally stopped getting dumber.
594:Heroes and Kings your distance keep;
526:Good frend for İesvs sake forebeare,
485:Poets, playwrights and other writers
454:adding citations to reliable sources
425:
198:Some are quotes from holy texts, or
141: 'a funeral oration'; from
40:
1787:"Milligan gets last laugh on grave"
598:Who never flattered folks like you;
421:
273:and have differed in delivery. The
13:
1555:. London and New York: Routledge.
1503:Bernhardt-Kabisch, Ernest (1967).
921:Dúirt mé leat go raibh mé breoite.
532:And cvrst be he yͭ moves my bones.
495:life exists only for a short while
14:
1968:
1902:
1628:Dickens' Dictionary Of The Thames
1485:
1438:
700:
596:In peace let one poor poet sleep,
528:To digg the dvst encloased heare.
400:("Sacred to the memory (of) ...")
1731:. In Molesworth, William (ed.).
1660:"The Man Who Loved Only Numbers"
1552:Music in Ancient Greece and Rome
1164:Epitaphium – Children of the Sun
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1260:(ancient Greek funeral oration)
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441:needs additional citations for
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855:There is borne an empty hearse
539:To dig the dust enclosed here.
1:
1914:"What is the Kohima Epitaph?"
1275:
404:
330:
152: 'at, over' and
1887:10.1080/13576275.2014.921667
1509:Huntington Library Quarterly
1180:Epitaphium temporum pereunti
936:
674:
353:
7:
1353:Oxford Classical Dictionary
1328:Online Etymology Dictionary
1225:
1139:
1112:showing the notable epitaph
1043:The epitaph on voice actor
942:Free at last, Free at last,
755:
732:We must know. We will know.
204:Tomb of the Unknown Soldier
111:Haymarket Martyrs' Monument
108:Epitaph on the base of the
68:, discuss the issue on the
10:
1973:
1290:
497:and Time demands his due.
382:(generally abbreviated to
264:
193:Quintus Lucretius Vespillo
155:
144:
133:
18:
16:Inscription on a tombstone
1952:Acknowledgements of death
1818:Les narrations de la mort
874:Pericles' Funeral Oration
715:Végre nem butulok tovább.
314:
1839:. Lewiston, NY: Mellen.
1835:Guthke, Karl S. (2003).
1772:Available online at the
1741:Available online at the
1626:Charles Dickens (1893).
1591:"An Elegy by al-Ma'arri"
1095:Houghton, Cambridgeshire
958:
649:Homo sum! the adventurer
417:("may he rest in peace")
384:cuius aie ppitiet ds ame
27:Not to be confused with
22:Epitaph (disambiguation)
1854:Scodel, Joshua (1991).
1549:Landels, John G. 1999.
1470:Encyclopedia Britannica
1465:"Epitaph | poetic form"
1306:A Greek–English Lexicon
1019:; Drumecliff, Co. Sligo
982:Monuments with epitaphs
952:Martin Luther King, Jr.
308:Encyclopedia Britannica
210:Linguistic distinctions
118:, Forest Park, Illinois
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1297:Liddell, Henry George
1222:" often singled out.
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913:I told you I was ill.
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886:And the beat goes on.
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802:tombstone epitaph in
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491:While you live, shine
488:
351:of Sir John Harsyck (
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1957:Inscriptions by type
1705:. Famousquotes.me.uk
847:John Maxwell Edmonds
804:Winchester Cathedral
777:honoring the 300 at
493:have no grief at all
450:improve this article
369:in England include:
184:, the longest known
74:create a new article
66:improve this article
20:For other uses, see
1924:on 30 December 2014
1910:Imperial War Museum
1664:archive.nytimes.com
1184:Valentin Silvestrov
575:Horseman, pass by!
550:William Shakespeare
394:Memoriae sacrum ...
1918:archive.iwm.org.uk
1735:. Vol. VIII.
1648:, Berlin: Harcourt
1202:William Waterhouse
1176:Bronius Kutavičius
1170:released the song
944:Thank God Almighty
843:The Kohima Epitaph
573:On life, on death.
411:Requiescat in pace
363:
281:, later in prose.
120:
1398:978-0-19-872868-9
1192:Graham Waterhouse
1186:composed in 1999
1178:composed in 1998
1076:Ezzatollah Sahabi
946:I'm Free at last.
899:That's all folks!
641:The Faerie Queene
482:
481:
474:
271:ancient Egyptians
116:Waldheim Cemetery
102:
101:
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76:, as appropriate.
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1270:Seikilos epitaph
1258:Epitaphios logos
1208:'s final album,
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1768:Richard Crawley
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582:W. B. Yeats
374:Hic jacet..
356: 1384
177:Renaissance
1946:Categories
1865:0801424828
1846:0773467858
1827:2853996131
1756:Thucydides
1725:Thucydides
1368:019866172X
1276:References
1265:Hero stone
1242:Death poem
1232:Chronogram
1197:Epitaphium
1147:Epitaphium
1131:South Park
972:Gunfighter
892:Sonny Bono
724:Paul Erdős
682:Devanagari
604:blush and
563:John Keats
518:Al-Ma'arri
405:Modern era
331:In England
302:Lake Poets
249:; Swedish
169:poem verse
126:(from
82:March 2019
1895:144222277
1875:Mortality
1689:Wikimedia
1646:The Waves
1595:Jadaliyya
1563:(cloth);
1529:0018-7895
1432:1453-9306
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1323:"epitaph"
1291:ἐπιτάφιος
1216:Blackstar
1211:Blackstar
1194:composed
1162:composed
1124:Grave of
1045:Mel Blanc
1015:Grave of
995:Grave of
937:Activists
905:Mel Blanc
771:Simonides
711:Hungarian
675:Statesmen
634:, in
462:June 2015
252:epitafium
246:epitafium
243:; Danish
240:epitafium
237:; Polish
234:epitáfium
200:aphorisms
135:ἐπιτάφιος
70:talk page
1760:"2.43.3"
1758:(1910).
1727:(1843).
1709:18 March
1644:(1931),
1477:5 August
1334:18 March
1247:Epigraph
1237:Cenotaph
1226:See also
1140:In music
1063:'s crypt
969:—
949:—
927:—
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889:—
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225:; Dutch
161:(táphos)
64:You may
29:Epigraph
1928:4 April
1669:28 July
1579:(ebook)
1571:(pbk);
1537:3816994
1309:at the
1220:Lazarus
1218:" and "
1172:Epitaph
775:epigram
360:Norfolk
321:brasses
265:History
258:epitaaf
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216:textual
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1001:Isaiah
997:Selena
870:Athens
736:German
686:हे राम
606:Virgil
602:Horace
388:tildes
315:Format
190:consul
167:or in
150:(epi-)
1891:S2CID
1600:4 May
1533:JSTOR
1080:Haleh
959:Other
917:Irish
608:too.
386:with
165:prose
157:τάφος
130:
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1930:2013
1860:ISBN
1841:ISBN
1822:ISBN
1799:2015
1711:2012
1671:2022
1602:2020
1573:ISBN
1565:ISBN
1557:ISBN
1525:ISSN
1479:2021
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1403:OCLC
1393:ISBN
1363:ISBN
1336:2012
600:Let
300:The
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