Pharaoh's daughter (wife of Solomon)

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edifice that he was building was a 'coup' similar to the conversion of Batya, the daughter of Pharaoh who drew Moses out of the water. The 'daughter of Pharaoh' represents the source of all the different kinds of worldly wisdom (which are her 'handmaidens'). By 'converting' and 'marrying' her, Solomon was perhaps very daringly and ambitiously striving to deepen and enhance the revelation of God's unity on all levels of creation. If so, it was apparently still over-ambitious, because Solomon proved unable to hold his 'catch' within the bounds of holiness, and indeed he himself strayed beyond them." Yaakov also points out "Despite the many questions that surround it, we do not find Solomon's marriage to Pharaoh's daughter criticized in our text as being intrinsically sinful: verse 3 does implicitly criticize Solomon for sacrificing at many high altars but does not criticize him for marrying Pharaoh's daughter. It was only in his old age, when Solomon took many wives, that he was criticized for allowing them to turn his heart aside from God."

840:, until Solomon – an interval of more than one thousand three hundred years – were called Pharaōthai, taking their name from Pharaōthes, the first king to reign after the period intervening, I have thought it necessary to explain ... that Pharaō in Egyptian signifies "king"… But I believe that from childhood they had other names, and that when they became kings they changed them for that name which in their ancestral tongue signifies their royal authority. For so also the kings of Alexandria were first called by other names, but when they assumed the kingship, were named Ptolemies after the first king. And the Roman emperors also, who from their birth are known by other names, are called Caesars, receiving this title from their princely office and rank, and do not keep the names by which their fathers called them. And I think it was for this reason that 782:

him disdainfully. And he said unto her, "What shall I do? Thou hast made thy face evil towards me, and thy regard towards me is not as it was formerly, and thy beautiful form is not as enticing as usual. Ask me, and I will give thee whatsoever thou wishest, and I will perform it for thee, so that thou mayest make thy face (or, attitude) gracious towards me as formerly"; but she held her peace and answered him never a word. And he repeated to her the words that he would do whatsoever she wished, and she said unto him, "Swear to me by the God of Israel that thou wilt not play me false." And he swore to her that he would give her whatsoever she asked for, and that he would do for her everything that she told him. And she tied a scarlet thread on the middle of the door of her gods, and she brought three

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longer king. He gradually fell from the highest glory into the deepest misery. At first, Solomon reigned over the inhabitants of the upper world as well as over those of the lower; then only over the inhabitants of the earth; later over Israel only; then he retained only his bed and his stick; and finally his stick alone was left to him (Sanh. 20b)." Rabbi Pinchas Frankel places the blame of this fall on Solomon's wife Pharaoh's daughter. He bemoans her arrival to Solomon's court for "Unlike Pharaoh's daughter in the Story of the Exodus, who raised and developed the Leader of the People of Israel, this daughter of Pharaoh will have the opposite effect upon this Leader of Israel, causing his level of spirituality to fall to the point where he will have to temporarily abandon the kingship."

844:, when he says that there were three hundred and thirty kings of Egypt after Minaias, who built Memphis, did not mention their names, because they were all in common called Pharaōthai. For, after the death of these kings, a woman ruled as queen, and he gives her name as Nikaulē, making it clear that while the male kings could all have the same name, the woman could not share this, and for that reason he mentioned her by the name that naturally belonged to her. As I myself have discovered in the books of our own country that after the Pharaōthēs who was Solomon's father-in-law no king of Egypt was ever again called by this name, and that later the afore-mentioned woman as queen of Egypt and 723:. At Sanhedrin 101b it says "Why did Jeroboam merit sovereignty? Because he reproved Solomon. And why was he punished? Because he reproved him publicly. As it is written, And this was the cause that he lifted up his hand against the king: Solomon built Millo, and repaired the breaches of the city of David his father. He said thus to him: Thy father David made breaches in the wall, that Israel might come up on the Festivals; whilst thou hast closed them, in order to exact toll for the benefit of Pharaoh's daughter. What is meant by And this was the cause that he lifted up his hand against the king? — R. Nahman said: He took off his 246: 533: 438: 734:(mentioned in 1 Kings 11:26-32). He did this "to build within it houses for her manservants and maidservants. Concerning this Jeroboam admonished him, saying: Your father left it open for the pilgrims, and you enclosed it to make a labor force for Pharaoh’s daughter. ...the Millo he did not build for any greatness, for his father had left it for the pilgrims to pitch their tents therein, but since Pharaoh’s daughter had gone up to her house, and the Millo was adjacent to that house, then he built up the Millo." 421:, which had indeed belonged to the Philistines; but Pharaoh, the king of Egypt, had made an expedition against it, and besieged it, and taken it by force; and when he had slain all its inhabitants, he utterly overthrew it, and gave it as a present to his daughter, who had been married to Solomon; for which reason the king rebuilt it, as a city that was naturally strong, and might be useful in wars, and the mutations of affairs that sometimes happen. Moreover, he built two other cities not far from it, Betchora 693:

gems which shone like stars; so that every time he intended to rise, he, on looking at the gems, thought it was still night. He continued to sleep, with the keys of the Temple under his pillow; and the priests therefore were unable to offer the morning sacrifice. They informed his mother, Bath-sheba, who roused the king when four hours of the day had flown. She then reprimanded him for his conduct; and the verses of Proverbs 31:1–9 are considered by the Rabbis as having been pronounced by

477:"And his house where he might dwell, in the other court, within the porch, was of the like work. He made also a house for Pharaoh's daughter, whom Solomon had taken to wife, like unto this porch. All these were of costly stones, according to the measures of hewn stones, sawed with saws, within and without, even from the foundation unto the coping, and so on the outside unto the great court. And the foundation was of costly stones, even great stones, stones of ten 629:

autonomy and financial prosperity, no converts were accepted, since they were likely to be motivated by a desire for personal security and monetary gain. Likewise, proselytes will not be accepted in the Messianic era." This is held not to be the case with Pharaoh's daughter, as "the Talmud explicitly states that this did not apply to the daughter of Pharaoh, who had enough wealth not to need to marry Solomon for money (Talmud Yevamos 76a)."

1797: 131: 558: 32: 581:(which he saw as "a kind of abridgement" of the Song of Solomon) also "alludes to the marriage between Solomon and Pharaoh's daughter." One of the points cited for this is the passage at Song 1:9 that states "I have compared thee, Oh my love, to a steed before Pharaoh's chariots." At Song 1:5 she is reported to say "I am black" and at Song 4:8-12 the woman is described as "my bride". Others hold that song is for the 73: 1765: 344: 876:. However, the excavators at the site Steven Ortiz and Samuel Wolff argue that the archaeological evidence indicates that Gezer was initially destroyed in the early 10th century, around the times of Siamun. Artefacts uncovered at Gezer back up the Siamun identification. A four-inch long bronze sphinx holds a tray inscribed 'Siamun, beloved of Amun'. 661:

yet not let my heart be perverted.’ Yet we read, When Solomon was old, his wives turned away his heart. Again it is written: He shall not multiply to himself horses; concerning which Solomon said, ‘I will multiply them, but will not cause to return .’ Yet we read: And a chariot came up and went out of Egypt for six ."

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but "one tribe". 1 Kings 11:14-22 says that Yahweh also "raised up an adversary unto Solomon, Hadad the Edomite … found great favour in the sight of Pharaoh". 1 Kings 11:23–25 says Yahweh "raised up another adversary unto him, Rezon the son of Eliada… And he was an adversary to Israel all the days of Solomon".

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on March 17th 1749". The first act deals with the dedication of the temple and Solomon's marriage to Pharaoh's daughter. The second act is about the story of his judgement between the two women both claiming the same baby. The third act is about the visit of the Queen of Sheba, "who is dazzled by his

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in the slopes of the Mount of Olives". These scholars hold that the "Pharaoh's daughter tradition" was also written or compiled in Hezekiah's time and may have been present in a narrative presentation of history that predated Josiah. They hold that an author-compiler living after the Babylonian Exile

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states "The particular love which he manifested for her (comp. 1 Kings 9:1) was rather a depraved passion; and she, more than all his other foreign wives, caused him to sin. He had drunk no wine during the seven years of the construction of the Temple; but on the night of its completion he celebrated

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be sent to Babylon to marry him. Amenhotep III turned down the request replying, 'That since the days of old no Egyptian king’s daughter has been given to anyone.' Foreign princesses were welcomed to marry the Pharaoh but Egyptian princess did not marry foreign kings or princes. Any foreign princess

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points out that the opinion "prevalent in rabbinical literature is that Solomon lost his royalty, riches, and even his reason on account of his sins. This legend is based on the words 'I, Kohelet, was king over Israel in Jerusalem' (Eccl. i. 12, Hebr.), which show that when he uttered them he was no

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and set them in the house of her gods. And she said unto Solomon, "Come to me without breaking the scarlet thread, bend thyself and kill these locusts before me and pull out their necks"; and he did so. And she said unto him, "I will henceforward do thy will, for thou hast sacrificed to my gods and

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Avraham ben Yaakov reviewing the material points out that "Solomon's move was questionable" because it appeared to be outlawed by Deuteronomy 7:1-5, which said "neither shalt thou make marriages with them: thy daughter thou shalt not give unto his son, nor his daughter shalt thou take unto thy son.

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1 Kings 11:11–13 says that Solomon's actions caused Yahweh to tell the King that the only thing keeping him from rending the kingdom from him to "give it to thy servant" was "for David thy father's sake". Instead Solomon's punishment would fall on "the hand of thy son" who was to be stripped of all

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to Solomon (2 Kings 23:13), from which he inferred that it were Solomon's wives who had led him astray". Most scholars of higher criticism believe that an author-compiler treated a mythological account as a reflection of actual historical events, but that it was "not historical" and probably arose

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who reigned from ca 641 BCE to 609 BCE (over 280 years after Solomon's death according to Bible scholars). Scholarly consensus in this field holds that "Solomon's wives/women were introduced in the 'Josianic' (customarily Dtr) edition of Kings as a theological construct to blame the schism on his

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with him when the Queen returned with him to Africa). Solomon at first resists her calls saying "I will neither sacrifice to nor worship thine idols, and I will not perform thy wish." So "one day she beautified and scented herself for him, and she behaved herself haughtily towards him, and treated

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The Jewish Encyclopedia lists a collection of other stories about Solomon and Pharaoh's daughter, saying she "brought Solomon 1,000 different kinds of musical instruments, explaining to him that each of them was used in the worship of a special idol. She hung over his bed a canopy embroidered with

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The Talmud at Sanhedrin 21b says Solomon knew that there were regulations in the Torah against some of his actions but at the time he felt he was wise enough to disregard them and not fall into sin "it is written: He shall not multiply wives to himself, whereon Solomon said, ‘I will multiply wives

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A less settled question is whether Solomon could have converted and then married an Egyptian woman when Deuteronomy 23:8-9 states "thou shalt not abhor an Egyptian, because thou wast a stranger in his land. The children of the third generation that are born unto them may enter into the assembly of

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Avraham ben Yaakov tries to understand Solomon's motivations in the scripture texts saying "Since PHARAOH represents the OREPH ("back of the neck", same Hebrew letters as Pharaoh) of creation as opposed to its inner face, the conversion of his daughter by Solomon and her integration into the holy

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Another source claims that except for the story in the Hebrew scriptures there is no other record that this happened. It states: "Royal women were married to their brothers or in some cases the father to keep the throne in the family. Royal women were never married to foreign kings or princes...

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and gave it to Solomon. Others such as Paul S Ash and Mark W. Chavalas disagree, and Chavalas states that "it is impossible to conclude which Egyptian monarch ruled concurrently with David and Solomon". Professor Edward Lipinski argues that Gezer, then unfortified, was destroyed late in the 10th

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There is also a discussion on Judaism's policy (which is found in the Talmud at Yevamos 24b) of forbidding conversion unless the "Jewish people is downtrodden." R' Shlomo Ganzfried outlines the policy saying that "during the reigns of King David and King Solomon, when the Jews enjoyed political

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1 Kings 3:1 states that Solomon brought Pharaoh's daughter "into the city of David, until he had completed building his own house, and the house of the Lord, and the wall of Jerusalem round about." Once the building was completed, she was moved out of the city, as were his other wives.

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As the Hebrew scriptures often say that Yahweh raises enemies against the people of Israel when their leaders fall into sin, a similar statement is made about the story of Solomon and his Egyptian wife. The Talmud at Sanhedrin 21b says that "When Solomon married Pharaoh's daughter,

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of the other. He also built other cities that lay conveniently for these, in order to the enjoyment of pleasures and delicacies in them, such as were naturally of a good temperature of the air, and agreeable for fruits ripe in their proper seasons, and well watered with

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In the Talmud at Shab. 56b the rabbinical defenders of Solomon say that the sin ascribed to him in 1 Kings 11 "is only figurative: it is not meant that Solomon fell into idolatry, but that he was guilty of failing to restrain his wives from idolatrous practices." The

503:"And Solomon brought up the daughter of Pharaoh out of the city of David unto the house that he had built for her; for he said: 'No wife of mine shall dwell in the house of David king of Israel, because the places are holy, whereunto the ark of the Lord hath come.'" 311:"And Solomon became allied to Pharaoh king of Egypt by marriage, and took Pharaoh's daughter, and brought her into the city of David, until he had made an end of building his own house, and the house of the Lord, and the wall of Jerusalem round about." 952:

These claims have been countered by other Egyptologists who argue that there were some cases in which certain Pharaohs allowed their daughters to marry a foreign king. For instance, Krystal V. L. Pierce has noted the case of the Egyptian queen

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his wedding with so much revelry that its sound mingled before God with that of the Israelites who celebrated the completion of the sacred edifice, and God at that time thought of destroying with the Temple the whole city of Jerusalem."

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hast worshipped them." Now he had done thus because of his oath, so that he might not break his oath which she had made him to swear, even though he knew that it was an offence (or, sin) to enter into the house of her gods."

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While some scholars go so far as to attempt to name the Pharaoh's daughter, most theories try to advance a claim of identity for the name of her father that the scriptures say gave her to Solomon as a bride.

653:, and while he lived, he prevented Solomon from marrying foreign wives. The Talmud says at Ber. 8a: "For as long as Shimei the son of Gera was alive Solomon did not marry the daughter of Pharaoh" (see also 899:

see a problem with the story of Solomon and Pharaoh's daughter. The issue lies in the fact that there is no record of Egyptian princesses around this time being used to form alliances through marriage. As

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This situation changed when the Egyptian army invaded the city, ethnically cleansed the populace, and Pharaoh turned it over to his daughter as a wedding gift, whereby it became the property of Israel.

319:" (1 Kings 11:3). Some scholars believe this unique example was because this marriage in particular "demonstrates the wealth and power of the Hebrew monarchy, for Pharaoh's daughters did not ordinarily 1051:). Naamah arrives in Jerusalem at age fourteen to marry King Solomon and develops a complex relationship with another wife, Pharaoh's Daughter, traveling with her to Egypt to visit the ailing Pharaoh. 848:

came to Solomon. Now about her we shall write very shortly. But I have now mentioned these matters at this point in order to make plain that our books in many things agree with those of the Egyptians.

391:"Pharaoh king of Egypt had gone up, and taken Gezer, and burnt it with fire, and slain the Canaanites that dwelt in the city, and given it for a portion unto his daughter, Solomon's wife." 485:-wood. And the great court round about had three rows of hewn stone, and a row of cedar beams, like as the inner court of the house of the Lord, and the court of the porch of the house." 1030:(cf. Ezra 9–10; Neh 13:23–30a), when Solomon is known to have been a negative role-model in this regard (Neh 13:26); none of this material sheds any light on the 'historical Solomon'." 540:

The narrative in 1 Kings 11:1–10 describes Pharaoh's daughter and all of Solomon's wives as leading Solomon into the temptation of straying from the true worship of the God of Israel.

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Naamah, a princess of Ammon, (part of present-day Jordan) is the narrator of Aryeh Lev Stollman's novel published by Aryeh Nir/Modan (Tel Aviv) in Hebrew translation under the title

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for his daughter's hand in order to cement a political alliance. Amenhotep refused, offended by the suggestion that an Egyptian princess be submitted for that ridicule of being

323:, and perhaps indicates the weakness of the Egyptian kingdom at this time." Another scholar points out that marrying Pharaoh's daughter is significant in light of the story of 367:

Joshua 16:10 "And they drove not out the Canaanites that dwelt in Gezer; but the Canaanites dwelt in the midst of Ephraim, unto this day, and became servants to do taskwork."

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For he will turn away thy son from following Me, that they may serve other gods; so will the anger of the Lord be kindled against you, and He will destroy thee quickly."

327:, "A descendant of former Egyptian slaves now became Pharaoh's son-in-law". Most scholars believe the alliance was a result of the reputation of Solomon's father, "Under 2143: 2138: 677:

15, where it is held that Solomon married Pharaoh's daughter when he began to build the temple, that is, in the fourth year of his reign (comp. I Kings 6:1)." The

45: 83: 465:" and he had members of "the children of Israel ... rule over the people that wrought in the work." The slaves produced many structures for Solomon including a 991:, the story of Solomon falling into idolatry by the influence of Pharaoh's daughter and his other foreign wives is "customarily seen as the handiwork of the 637:) that the referenced verse applies only to an Egyptian male but not to a female (which would make the law of the Egyptian parallel to the law forbidding a 1022:

recast the theme of the Books of Kings "from one of too many wives/women (consistent with Deut 17:17a) to one of alien wives, reflecting the same extreme

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Many Jewish scholars, scribes, and rabbis have commentated on the relationship of Solomon and Pharaoh's daughter portrayed in the Hebrew scriptures.

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Symbiosis, symbolism, and the power of the past: Canaan, ancient Israel, and their neighbors from the Late Bronze Age through Roman Palaestina

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The fact that Pharaoh's daughter has been singled out in the accounts of Solomon is significant as similar treatment is not given to his "

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misdeeds". These scholars hold that the "author-compiler drew upon a contemporary tradition attributing certain cultic installations (

1621: 331:, Israel had become a factor to be reckoned with in Eastern politics, and the Pharaoh found it prudent to secure its friendship." The 181: 856:, not with the daughter of Pharaoh who was Solomon's wife, whom he mentions separately later without giving her a name (Ch. 8, 193). 1734: 513:"But Pharaoh's daughter came up out of the city of David unto her house which Solomon had built for her; then did he build Millo." 2128: 1807: 163: 20: 1660: 1539: 1479: 1450: 1423: 730:

Rashi explains that Solomon sealed up a place that was in Jerusalem, enclosed by a low wall and filled with dirt, called the

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2 Samuel 5:25 "And David did so, as the Lord commanded him, and smote the Philistines from Geba until thou come to Gezer."

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The Tannaim hold that the marriage "took place on the night when the Temple was completed." This is in conflict "with

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descended and stuck a reed in the sea, which gathered a sand-bank around it, on which was built the great city of

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The Talmud states that Pharaoh's daughter played a role in why Jeroboam was found worthy of becoming ruler of the

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before she married Solomon. Yaakov goes on to outline Jewish thought on whether this caused the union to be

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While there is no archaeological evidence of a marriage between an Egyptian princess, the daughter of a

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Chavalas, Mark W. (Spring 2001). "Review of David, Solomon and Egypt: A Reassessment by Paul S. Ash".

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followed Egyptian tradition of refusing to allow alliances through marriage with Egyptian princesses.

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is seen by scholars as the reason for the reported increase in trade with Egypt at 1 Kings 10:28–29.

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and many attendants, she settled into life at the palace by taking an Egyptian name and becoming a

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that states a Knowledge editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.

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drove not out the Canaanites that dwelt in Gezer; but the Canaanites dwelt in Gezer among them."

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Biblical Archaeology Review, Steven Ortiz and Samuel Wolff, 'Solomon's Powerplay', Summer 2024.

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look at the story of Solomon marrying Pharaoh's daughter and declare it a "criminal act."

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century (and thus not contemporary with Solomon) and that the most likely Pharaoh was

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the Lord." Yaakov says that "this objection is countered by a tradition (not accepted

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According to 1 Kings 9:20–23, Solomon enslaved, "All the people that were left of the

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1 Kings 9:17 shows that Gezer "was now rebuilt and made a fortified city of Solomon."

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On the Skirts of Canaan in the Iron Age (Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta)

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Josephus equates the queen "Nikaulē" with the one the Bible calls the

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Pharaoh's daughter was the only wife to be moved into her own palace.

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In the branch of literary analysis that examines the Bible, called

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Song of Songs: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary

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This article is about the wife of Solomon. For other uses, see

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seven hundred wives, princesses, and three hundred concubines

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that the woman addressed in the song is Pharaoh's daughter.

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personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay

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Depiction of Solomon and Pharaoh's daughter reciting the

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but not a Moabitess from ever entering the Assembly)".

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This objection is held to be addressed by some, as the

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Now to those who ask why all the kings of Egypt from

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Biblical figure; wife of the Israelite king Solomon

289:, claims of one are made at several places in the 1329: 859:A number of scholars propose that it was Pharaoh 836:, and was many years earlier than our forefather 2144:Princesses of the Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt 2120: 1651:. In Keimer, Kyle H.; Pierce, George A. (eds.). 1470:. In Keimer, Kyle H.; Pierce, George A. (eds.). 1017:'s era in conjunction with the reopening of the 536:Depiction of Solomon worshiping with his queens. 2139:Princesses of the Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt 1680:. In Dever, William G.; Gitin, Seymour (eds.). 1143: 1252: 649:Jewish scribes say that Solomon's teacher was 355:The narrative says that the Canaanite city of 1836: 1292: 1290: 1273: 1271: 1269: 1267: 1265: 1026:which finally carried the day in post-Exilic 979:even before the latter ascended to kingship. 879: 1534:. Leuven, Belgium: Peeters. pp. 96–97. 928:There is a written account that the King of 441:Depiction of Solomon directing his builders. 359:had never fallen before the Israelites from 249:King Solomon and his wife Pharaoh's daughter 1418:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 108. 1163: 1139: 1137: 1135: 1100: 941:that married the Pharaoh came with a large 714: 265:to cement a political alliance between the 60:Learn how and when to remove these messages 1843: 1829: 1805: 1554: 1287: 1277: 1262: 1255:"Solomon's Marriage To Pharaoh's Daughter" 1106:"Old Testament Life and Literature (1968)" 1033: 700: 1729: 1727: 1604: 1572: 1373:Translated by E. A. Wallis Budge (1932). 1113: 668: 569:There has been speculation going back to 488: 338: 233:Learn how and when to remove this message 215:Learn how and when to remove this message 164:"Pharaoh's daughter" wife of Solomon 113:Learn how and when to remove this message 1529: 1494: 1248: 1246: 1244: 1242: 1240: 1238: 1196: 1194: 1132: 1081:wisdom and the splendour of his court." 883: 556: 531: 436: 424:was the name of one of them, and Beleth 342: 244: 1735:"Handel's three act oratorio – Solomon" 1675: 1416:On the Reliability of the Old Testament 1413: 1360:"Babylonian Talmud in English San 101b" 1225: 1178: 1176: 1157: 1096: 1094: 972:, who was given into marriage with the 644: 2121: 1724: 1646: 1465: 1346:"Babylonian Talmud in Hebrew San 101b" 1338: 805:states that "The Pharaoh was probably 754: 300: 151:Please improve this article by adding 1824: 1711: 1709: 1707: 1705: 1703: 1701: 1655:. Taylor & Francis. p. 661. 1555:Ortiz, Steven; Wolff, Samuel (2021). 1474:. Taylor & Francis. p. 662. 1438: 1332:"Haftarah for Parshat Vayechi – 5760" 1235: 1228:"Introduction to the Song of Solomon" 1191: 1166:"Antiquities of the Jews, Bk 8, Ch 6" 957:, who was engaged to be married to a 904:stated, "The problem is not with the 790: 588: 527: 276: 1816:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 1200: 1184:"Scriptures with Rashi's Commentary" 1173: 1091: 1059: 737: 543: 124: 66: 25: 1352: 982: 21:Pharaoh's Daughter (disambiguation) 13: 2149:Queens consort of Israel and Judah 1806:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). " 1698: 767:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church 688:More stories of Pharaoh's daughter 597:Whether the marriage was forbidden 552: 14: 2190: 1442:Has Archaeology Buried the Bible? 613:76a says that Pharaoh's daughter 321:marry outside of their own family 41:This article has multiple issues. 1795: 1791:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. 1763: 1561:Jerusalem Journal of Archaeology 1439:Dever, William G. (2020-08-18). 1144:Gabriel Oussani (July 1, 1912). 1120:Dr. Thomas L. Constable (2006). 295:Jewish Publication Society Bible 129: 71: 30: 1669: 1640: 1614: 1598: 1589: 1548: 1523: 1488: 1459: 1432: 1407: 1404:Bk 8, Ch 6, Segment 2 (155-159) 1393: 1366: 1323: 922:married off to a foreign leader 777:(who is held to have taken the 432: 402:gives a similar account in his 49:or discuss these issues on the 2129:10th-century BC Egyptian women 1647:Pierce, Krystal V. L. (2022). 1497:Journal of Biblical Literature 1466:Pierce, Krystal V. L. (2022). 1445:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. 1219: 993:'deuteronomistic historian(s)' 817:), and ruled over the Delta." 1: 1624:. Dec 2, 2004. Archived from 1084: 1038: 297:, now in the public domain.) 261:who is described as marrying 153:secondary or tertiary sources 1684:. Eisenbrauns. p. 119. 968:also points out the case of 7: 2164:Unnamed people of the Bible 2052:Magical Treatise of Solomon 1850: 1653:The Ancient Israelite World 1472:The Ancient Israelite World 1304:. p. 2. Archived from 10: 2195: 1757: 1750:Retrieved on Jan. 18, 2007 1721:Retrieved on Jan. 17, 2007 1611:Retrieved on Jan. 17, 2007 1390:Retrieved on Jan. 17, 2007 1320:Retrieved on Jan. 17, 2007 1284:Retrieved on Jan. 16, 2007 1282:. The Jewish Encyclopedia. 1259:Retrieved on Jan. 15, 2007 1232:Retrieved on Jan. 17, 2007 1188:Retrieved on Jan. 17, 2007 1170:Retrieved on Jan. 18, 2007 1154:Retrieved on Jan. 17, 2007 1129:Retrieved on Jan. 15, 2007 1110:Retrieved on Jan. 15, 2007 936:to marry and requested an 880:Questions of Egyptologists 842:Herodotus of Halicarnassus 807:Psieukhannit (Psebkhan) II 721:Northern Kingdom of Israel 18: 2159:Egypt in the Hebrew Bible 2063: 2045:The Lesser Key of Solomon 1961: 1915: 1858: 1676:Kitchen, Kenneth (2003). 1530:Lipinski, Edward (2006). 1150:The Catholic Encyclopedia 333:alliance through marriage 267:United Monarchy of Israel 1622:"Women In Ancient Egypt" 1201:Pope, Marvin H. (2007). 1072:written by the composer 1054: 932:sent a princess to King 715:Role in rise of Jeroboam 469:for Pharaoh's daughter. 347:Location of the city of 1788:The Jewish Encyclopedia 1414:Kitchen, K. A. (2006). 1401:Antiquities of the Jews 1330:Rabbi Pinchas Frankel. 1034:In literature and music 908:of Solomon and Siamun 822:Antiquities of the Jews 701:Depth of Solomon's fall 418:, and the third Gazara 405:Antiquities of the Jews 1785:; et al. (eds.). 1074:George Frideric Handel 892: 850: 669:Timing of the marriage 566: 537: 489:Removed from Jerusalem 442: 430: 408:, Bk 8, Ch 6, Sec. 1: 352: 339:City of Gezer as dowry 250: 140:relies excessively on 93:by rewriting it in an 2174:Books of Kings people 2154:Pharaohs in the Bible 1813:Catholic Encyclopedia 1297:R' Shlomo Ganzfried. 887: 826: 802:Catholic Encyclopedia 560: 535: 440: 410: 346: 248: 2077:King Solomon's Mines 2027:Testament of Solomon 1923:Judgement of Solomon 1299:"Parshas Yisro 5765" 1253:Avraham ben Yaakov. 645:Solomon's motivation 615:converted to Judaism 1928:Solomon and Marcolf 1574:10.52486/01.00001.9 1045:Divrei Y'mai Naamah 947:minor (second) wife 863:. The Egyptologist 779:Arc of the Covenant 755:In the Kebra Nagast 708:Jewish Encyclopedia 697:on that occasion." 680:Jewish Encyclopedia 517:The Jewish scholar 301:A marriage alliance 257:is a figure in the 1953:Valley of the ants 1897:Pharaoh's daughter 1122:"Notes on 1 Kings" 999:'s grandson, King 893: 791:Naming the Pharaoh 727:in front of him." 589:Rabbinical sources 567: 538: 528:Solomon's downfall 443: 353: 277:Biblical narrative 255:Pharaoh's daughter 251: 95:encyclopedic style 82:is written like a 2116: 2115: 2022:Psalms of Solomon 2017:Prayer of Solomon 1998:Deuterocanonical 1948:Throne of Solomon 1885:Solomonic dynasty 1861:reputed relations 1662:978-1-000-77324-8 1628:on April 22, 2021 1541:978-90-429-1798-9 1481:978-1-000-77324-8 1452:978-1-4674-5949-5 1425:978-0-8028-0396-2 1334:. Orthodox Union. 1164:William Whiston. 1060:Handel's oratorio 938:Egyptian princess 759:According to the 738:The cause of Rome 675:Seder Olam Rabbah 544:Divine punishment 498:2 Chronicles 8:11 370:Judges 1:29 "And 306:1 Kings 3:1 says, 243: 242: 235: 225: 224: 217: 199: 123: 122: 115: 64: 2186: 2134:Wives of Solomon 2103:Sorcery (goetia) 2088:Solomonic column 2064:Related articles 1943:Solomon's Temple 1938:Solomon's shamir 1933:Solomon in Islam 1845: 1838: 1831: 1822: 1821: 1817: 1799: 1798: 1792: 1767: 1766: 1751: 1749: 1747: 1746: 1737:. Archived from 1731: 1722: 1720: 1713: 1696: 1695: 1673: 1667: 1666: 1644: 1638: 1637: 1635: 1633: 1618: 1612: 1610: 1602: 1596: 1593: 1587: 1586: 1576: 1552: 1546: 1545: 1527: 1521: 1520: 1492: 1486: 1485: 1463: 1457: 1456: 1436: 1430: 1429: 1411: 1405: 1397: 1391: 1389: 1387: 1386: 1377:. Archived from 1370: 1364: 1363: 1356: 1350: 1349: 1342: 1336: 1335: 1327: 1321: 1319: 1317: 1316: 1310: 1303: 1294: 1285: 1283: 1278:Emil G. Hirsch. 1275: 1260: 1258: 1250: 1233: 1231: 1223: 1217: 1216: 1198: 1189: 1187: 1180: 1171: 1169: 1161: 1155: 1153: 1141: 1130: 1128: 1126: 1117: 1111: 1109: 1098: 989:higher criticism 983:Higher criticism 820:Josephus in his 655:Midrash Tehillim 285:, and a king of 238: 231: 220: 213: 209: 206: 200: 198: 157: 133: 125: 118: 111: 107: 104: 98: 75: 74: 67: 56: 34: 33: 26: 2194: 2193: 2189: 2188: 2187: 2185: 2184: 2183: 2119: 2118: 2117: 2112: 2108:United Monarchy 2098:Solomon's Pools 2083:Seal of Solomon 2071:Boaz and Jachin 2059: 2012:Odes of Solomon 1968:Protocanonical 1957: 1911: 1860: 1854: 1849: 1796: 1783:Singer, Isidore 1775:Hirsch, Emil G. 1764: 1760: 1755: 1754: 1744: 1742: 1733: 1732: 1725: 1715: 1714: 1699: 1692: 1674: 1670: 1663: 1645: 1641: 1631: 1629: 1620: 1619: 1615: 1605:Brian Roberts. 1603: 1599: 1594: 1590: 1553: 1549: 1542: 1528: 1524: 1509:10.2307/3268603 1493: 1489: 1482: 1464: 1460: 1453: 1437: 1433: 1426: 1412: 1408: 1398: 1394: 1384: 1382: 1371: 1367: 1358: 1357: 1353: 1344: 1343: 1339: 1328: 1324: 1314: 1312: 1308: 1301: 1295: 1288: 1276: 1263: 1251: 1236: 1224: 1220: 1213: 1199: 1192: 1182: 1181: 1174: 1162: 1158: 1142: 1133: 1124: 1118: 1114: 1102:Gerald A. Larue 1099: 1092: 1087: 1062: 1057: 1041: 1036: 1019:Silwan cemetery 1010:Mount of Olives 985: 966:Kenneth Kitchen 882: 865:Kenneth Kitchen 793: 757: 740: 717: 703: 690: 671: 651:Shimei ben Gera 647: 599: 591: 563:Song of Solomon 555: 553:Song of Solomon 546: 530: 491: 435: 341: 303: 279: 239: 228: 227: 226: 221: 210: 204: 201: 158: 156: 150: 146:primary sources 134: 119: 108: 102: 99: 91:help improve it 88: 76: 72: 35: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 2192: 2182: 2181: 2176: 2171: 2166: 2161: 2156: 2151: 2146: 2141: 2136: 2131: 2114: 2113: 2111: 2110: 2105: 2100: 2095: 2093:Solomon's knot 2090: 2085: 2080: 2073: 2067: 2065: 2061: 2060: 2058: 2057: 2056: 2055: 2048: 2041: 2038:Key of Solomon 2031: 2030: 2029: 2024: 2019: 2014: 2006: 2005: 2004: 2002:Book of Wisdom 1996: 1995: 1994: 1989: 1984: 1979: 1974: 1965: 1963: 1959: 1958: 1956: 1955: 1950: 1945: 1940: 1935: 1930: 1925: 1919: 1917: 1913: 1912: 1910: 1909: 1904: 1902:Queen of Sheba 1899: 1894: 1889: 1888: 1887: 1877: 1876: 1875: 1864: 1862: 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2150: 2147: 2145: 2142: 2140: 2137: 2135: 2132: 2130: 2127: 2126: 2124: 2109: 2106: 2104: 2101: 2099: 2096: 2094: 2091: 2089: 2086: 2084: 2081: 2079: 2078: 2074: 2072: 2069: 2068: 2066: 2062: 2054: 2053: 2049: 2047: 2046: 2042: 2040: 2039: 2035: 2034: 2032: 2028: 2025: 2023: 2020: 2018: 2015: 2013: 2010: 2009: 2007: 2003: 2000: 1999: 1997: 1993: 1992:Song of Songs 1990: 1988: 1985: 1983: 1980: 1978: 1975: 1973: 1970: 1969: 1967: 1966: 1964: 1962:Reputed works 1960: 1954: 1951: 1949: 1946: 1944: 1941: 1939: 1936: 1934: 1931: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1920: 1918: 1914: 1908: 1905: 1903: 1900: 1898: 1895: 1893: 1890: 1886: 1883: 1882: 1881: 1878: 1874: 1871: 1870: 1869: 1866: 1865: 1863: 1857: 1853: 1846: 1841: 1839: 1834: 1832: 1827: 1826: 1823: 1815: 1814: 1809: 1803: 1802:public domain 1794: 1790: 1789: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1771: 1770:public domain 1762: 1761: 1741:on 2006-10-10 1740: 1736: 1730: 1728: 1718: 1712: 1710: 1708: 1706: 1704: 1702: 1693: 1691:9781575060811 1687: 1683: 1679: 1672: 1664: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1643: 1627: 1623: 1617: 1608: 1601: 1592: 1584: 1580: 1575: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1551: 1543: 1537: 1533: 1526: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1491: 1483: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1462: 1454: 1448: 1444: 1443: 1435: 1427: 1421: 1417: 1410: 1403: 1402: 1396: 1381:on 2006-08-27 1380: 1376: 1369: 1361: 1355: 1347: 1341: 1333: 1326: 1311:on 2007-09-28 1307: 1300: 1293: 1291: 1281: 1274: 1272: 1270: 1268: 1266: 1256: 1249: 1247: 1245: 1243: 1241: 1239: 1229: 1226:John Wesley. 1222: 1214: 1208: 1204: 1197: 1195: 1185: 1179: 1177: 1167: 1160: 1151: 1147: 1140: 1138: 1136: 1123: 1116: 1107: 1103: 1097: 1095: 1090: 1082: 1079: 1078:Covent Garden 1075: 1071: 1067: 1052: 1050: 1049:דברי ימי נעמה 1046: 1031: 1029: 1025: 1020: 1016: 1011: 1007: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 980: 978: 975: 971: 967: 963: 960: 956: 950: 948: 944: 939: 935: 934:Amenhotep III 931: 925: 923: 919: 915: 911: 907: 903: 902:Brian Roberts 898: 897:Egyptologists 890: 886: 877: 875: 870: 866: 862: 857: 855: 849: 847: 843: 839: 835: 831: 825: 823: 818: 816: 812: 808: 804: 803: 797: 788: 785: 780: 776: 773:and fathered 772: 768: 764: 763: 752: 750: 746: 735: 733: 728: 726: 722: 712: 709: 698: 696: 685: 682: 681: 676: 666: 662: 658: 657:to Ps. 3:1). 656: 652: 642: 640: 636: 630: 626: 624: 620: 619:ritually pure 616: 612: 608: 603: 594: 586: 584: 580: 576: 572: 564: 559: 550: 541: 534: 525: 522: 520: 512: 511: 507: 506: 502: 501: 497: 496: 495: 486: 484: 480: 472: 471: 470: 468: 464: 460: 456: 452: 448: 439: 429: 426: 423: 420: 417: 414: 409: 407: 406: 401: 396: 390: 389: 385: 384: 383: 376: 373: 369: 366: 365: 364: 362: 358: 350: 345: 336: 334: 330: 326: 322: 318: 310: 309: 305: 304: 298: 296: 292: 288: 287:united Israel 284: 274: 272: 268: 264: 260: 256: 247: 237: 234: 219: 216: 208: 197: 194: 190: 187: 183: 180: 176: 173: 169: 166: – 165: 161: 160:Find sources: 154: 148: 147: 143: 138:This article 136: 132: 127: 126: 117: 114: 106: 96: 92: 86: 85: 80:This article 78: 69: 68: 63: 61: 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Likewise, 951: 926: 918:Amenhotep II 909: 894: 889:Amenhotep II 858: 851: 832:, who built 827: 821: 819: 800: 798: 794: 762:Kebra Nagast 760: 758: 741: 729: 725:phylacteries 718: 707: 704: 691: 678: 672: 663: 659: 648: 635:halachically 631: 627: 604: 600: 592: 568: 547: 539: 523: 516: 508:1 Kings 9:24 492: 476: 444: 433:Palace built 411: 403: 397: 394: 386:1 Kings 9:16 380: 354: 314: 291:Hebrew Bible 280: 259:Hebrew Bible 254: 252: 229: 211: 202: 192: 185: 178: 171: 159: 139: 109: 100: 81: 57: 50: 44: 43:Please help 40: 2008:Apocryphal 1916:Occurrences 1632:January 18, 906:synchronism 575:John Wesley 415:and Magedo 2123:Categories 2033:Grimoires 1859:Family and 1745:2007-01-20 1385:2007-01-18 1315:2007-01-18 1085:References 1039:Literature 1024:xenophobia 955:Dakhamunzu 916:had asked 874:Shoshenq I 577:held that 461:, and the 455:Perizzites 363:to David. 175:newspapers 142:references 46:improve it 1987:Psalm 127 1880:Menelik I 1779:"Solomon" 1583:2788-8819 1280:"Solomon" 1146:"Solomon" 977:Osorkon I 695:Bathsheba 463:Jebusites 428:springs." 205:July 2018 103:July 2018 52:talk page 2169:Pharaohs 1982:Psalm 72 1977:Proverbs 1907:Rehoboam 1066:oratorio 1015:Hezekiah 997:Hezekiah 970:Maatkare 846:Ethiopia 775:Menyelek 579:Psalm 45 451:Hittites 447:Amorites 400:Josephus 1852:Solomon 1808:Solomon 1804:: 1772:: 1758:Sources 1517:3268603 1070:Solomon 1068:called 959:Hittite 930:Babylon 914:Mitanni 838:Abraham 834:Memphis 824:states 784:locusts 765:of the 745:Gabriel 639:Moabite 623:Tannaim 611:Yevamos 459:Hivites 372:Ephraim 283:Pharaoh 263:Solomon 189:scholar 89:Please 1892:Naamah 1688: 1659: 1581: 1538: 1515: 1478: 1449: 1422: 1209: 1006:bamoth 1001:Josiah 974:Libyan 962:prince 910:per se 861:Siamun 607:Talmud 571:Origen 479:cubits 467:palace 457:, the 453:, the 449:, the 361:Joshua 325:Exodus 191: 184: 177: 170: 162: 2179:Gezer 1868:David 1781:. In 1513:JSTOR 1309:(PDF) 1302:(PDF) 1125:(PDF) 1055:Music 1028:Yehud 943:dowry 895:Some 869:Gezer 830:Menes 815:Tanis 732:Millo 519:Rashi 483:cedar 357:Gezer 349:Gezer 329:David 271:Egypt 196:JSTOR 182:books 1686:ISBN 1657:ISBN 1634:2007 1579:ISSN 1536:ISBN 1476:ISBN 1447:ISBN 1420:ISBN 1207:ISBN 1013:"in 811:Zoan 799:The 749:Rome 269:and 253:The 168:news 1810:". 1569:doi 1505:doi 1501:120 949:." 924:." 751:." 609:at 144:to 2125:: 1726:^ 1700:^ 1577:. 1563:. 1559:. 1511:. 1499:. 1289:^ 1264:^ 1237:^ 1193:^ 1175:^ 1148:. 1134:^ 1104:. 1093:^ 585:. 273:. 155:. 55:. 1844:e 1837:t 1830:v 1748:. 1719:. 1694:. 1665:. 1636:. 1609:. 1585:. 1571:: 1565:1 1544:. 1519:. 1507:: 1484:. 1455:. 1428:. 1388:. 1362:. 1348:. 1318:. 1257:. 1230:. 1215:. 1186:. 1168:. 1152:. 1127:. 1108:. 1047:( 813:( 565:. 351:. 236:) 230:( 218:) 212:( 207:) 203:( 193:· 186:· 179:· 172:· 149:. 116:) 110:( 105:) 101:( 97:. 62:) 58:( 23:.

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