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looting of shops started again. The first case was reported in Ramdas Bazar where the Muslim despite the
Military and Police patrolling looted the Hindu shops. A Hindu, reader of Nawab of Landi fired and wounded two Muslim. The local Hindu during investigation denied the fact but Military intelligence reported that he fired and wounded two people. He was arrested and sent on trial under India Penal Code. Two Hindu were killed at Ram Das Bazar. It was also reported that in Mewa Mandi a mob of Afridi and Mohmand tribes started plundering and looted many shops. People from tribal areas were also involved in this looting. 11 shops were broken in Ram Das Bazar that day... The official records about the events of the day had self-contradictory statements. The starting paragraphs of police and commissioner reports claims that everything was good at the start of the day but after a while the situation was out of control in the whole city. For instance, police reports provides that around 10:00 am, in Karimpura a police constable Chettan Ram was struck on head and the mob at Bara Bazar started the slogan "Maro Hindu Ko".
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superintendent of police suggested the deputy commissioner that the Holi should not be allowed as the situations going to create clash. Mr. Blackway sent some Hindu leader to enquire the situation. These Hindu gentlemen assured the deputy commissioner that the situation is friendly and nothing bad is going to be happened. There is no musician with the Holi and it would follow the old route. At the same time some Muslim leaders reported to the deputy commissioner about the Muslim mob who intended to stop the Holi procession. They also suggested that Holi procession should be stopped to avoid an expected clash between the two communities. However, after the surety of the Hindu leaders that there are no musicians and dancing boys and that the procession is not going on an unauthorized route the deputy commissioner was stuck to follow his old plan. This was the point which was misunderstood and created communal violence in the city.
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5684:"On 22nd February 1910, a meeting of leading Muslims and Hindu leaders was called by deputy commissioner of Peshawar at the Municipal Hall in which arrangements regarding the upcoming festivals were discussed and a committee was established consisting of prominent leaders from both sides. It was decided in the meeting that the Holi should be celebrated quietly until the 25th March. There should be only two processions, namely from the Hindu quarter of Andar Shahr to that of Karimpura and vice-versa. The Muslim of the city should not join the procession and the troops should celebrate Holi in their lines and some leading men from both sides will supervise the arrangement at Hasting Memorial and other at Clock Tower."
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February 2007, while the highest summer rainfall of 402 mm (15.8 in) was recorded in July 2010; during this month, a record-breaking rainfall level of 274 mm (10.8 in) fell within a 24-hour period on 29 July 2010—the previous record was 187 mm (7.4 in) of rain, recorded in April 2009. The average winter rainfall levels are higher than those of summer. Based on a 30-year record, the average annual precipitation level was recorded as 400 mm (16 in) and the highest annual rainfall level of 904.5 mm (35.61 in) was recorded in 2003. Wind speeds vary during the year, from 5
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2165:), with very hot, prolonged summers and brief, mild to cool winters. Winter in Peshawar starts in November and ends in late March, though it sometimes extends into mid-April, while the summer months are from mid-May to mid-September. The mean maximum summer temperature surpasses 40 °C (104 °F) during the hottest month, and the mean minimum temperature is 25 °C (77 °F). The mean minimum temperature during the coolest month is 4 °C (39 °F), while the maximum is 18.3 °C (64.9 °F).
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Leaders from both sides tried to control the situation but the people from both sides refused to pay any heed to their leaders. Meanwhile, a Hindu Mahr Singh stabbed a Muslim with knife. Mahr Singh was chased by the mob and captured him at Bara Bazar. At the same time two
Muslims Jani and Ahmad were killed by Hindu with knives. Police report for 21 March 1911, provides that two Muslim were killed and three wounded while from Hindu side two people were killed and eleven were wounded and eleven shops were broken.
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3090:. By 2015 the Pakistani government adopted a policy to repatriate Afghan refugees, including many who had spent their entire life in Pakistan. The policy of repatriation was also encouraged by the government of Afghanistan, though many refugees had not registered themselves in Pakistan. Unregistered refugees returning to Afghanistan without their old Afghan identification documents now have no official status in Afghanistan either.
7704:"Taareekh-e-Hazara" (Urdu) by Dr. Sher Bahadur Khan Panni_first edition_1969 p 295-313,"Taareekh-e-Wadi-e-Chhachh and Aqwaam-e-Chhachh" (Urdu) by Manzoor Awan p 175-182, "Afghanistan and its inhabitants" translation of Muhammad Hayat Khan's book by Henry B Priestley_1874 (reproduced by Sang-e-Meel Publications_Pakistan_1981) p-55/56, p- 197/198, "Da Pasto Qabeelo Shajre o Mene" (Pashto) by Muhammad Umar Rond Miakhel_2001 p 346-347
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11016:"Peshawar underground: It's difficult to be a rock star in the land the epitomises conservatism, yet something shocking is happening. There is a rock scene waiting to burst out of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Rahim Shah was just the beginning, Sajid and Zeeshan were proof that originality can spring out of unlikely places and there are others who are making their riffs and ragas heard... slowly, but surely"
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4484:. BRT Peshawar has replaced Peshawar's old, chaotic, dilapidated, and inadequate transportation system. The system has 30 stations and is mostly at grade, with four kilometres of elevated sections. The system also contains 3.5 kilometres of underpasses. BRT Peshawar is also complemented by a feeder system, with an additional 100 stations along those feeder lines.
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2052:. It also served as the primary destination for large numbers of Afghan refugees. By 1980, 100,000 refugees a month were entering the province, with 25% of all refugees living in Peshawar district in 1981. The arrival of large numbers of Afghan refugees strained Peshawar's infrastructure, and drastically altered the city's demography.
2177:(5.8 mph; 9.3 km/h) in December to 24 kn (28 mph; 44 km/h) in June. The relative humidity varies from 46% in June to 76% in August. The highest temperature of 50 °C (122 °F) was recorded on 18 June 1995, while the lowest −3.9 °C (25.0 °F) occurred on 7 January 1970.
1837:, the 4,000 members of the native garrison were disarmed without bloodshed; the absence of conflict during the rebellion meant that Peshawar was not affected by the widespread devastation that was experienced throughout the rest of British India and local chieftains sided with the British after the incident.
1169:) was seen as the secondary capital of the empire, while Puruṣapura was considered to be the empire's primary capital. Ancient Peshawar's population was estimated to be 120,000, which would make it the seventh-most populous city in the world at the time. As a devout Buddhist, the emperor built the grand
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When the funeral party was ousted from the city a riffraff of Muslim consisting of people from trans-border areas and
Afghanistan remained in the city that started plundering and broke 285 shops. A violent clash was started in which two Hindus and one Muslim was killed... The next day on 23 March the
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continue to be structures of significance. Most of the houses are constructed of unbaked bricks, with the incorporation of wooden structures for protection against earthquakes, with many composed of wooden doors and latticed wooden balconies. Numerous examples of the city's old architecture can still
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for "frontier town" or, more literally, "forward city", though transcription errors and linguistic shifts may account for the city's new name. One theory suggests that the city's name is derived from the
Persian name "Pesh Awardan", meaning "place of first arrival" or "frontier city", as Peshawar was
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Akbar Nama, trans. H. Beveridge, vol. 3, p. 715 quoted in Dani, Peshawar. p. 102. Whereas according to Nizam ai-Din Ahmad it was "on the " that Akbar sent Zain Khan Kukah "with a well equipped army against the
Afghans of Sawad (Swat) and Bajaur, for the extirpation of those turbulent tubes," Khwajah
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Peshawar's
Industrial Estate on Jamrud Road is an industrial zone established in the 1960s on 868 acres. The industrial estate hosts furniture, marble industries, and food processing industries, though many of its plots remain underutilized. The Hayatabad Industrial Estate hosts 646 industrial units
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Peshawar remained an important centre on trade routes between India and
Central Asia. The Peshawar region was a cosmopolitan region in which goods, peoples, and ideas would pass along trade routes. Its importance as a trade centre is highlighted by the destruction of over one thousand camel-loads of
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Taxila long played the role of the eastern capital, in the region known as
Gandhara, alongside the region's western capital Pushkaravati or Charsadda, which attracted traders along the northern bank of the Khyber River until its eclipse by the city of Purushapura (later Peshawar) established by the
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in 1979. By 1980, 100,000 refugees a month were entering the province, with 25% of all refugees living in
Peshawar district in 1981. The arrival of large numbers of Afghan refugees strained Peshawar's infrastructure, and drastically altered the city's demography. During the 1988 national elections,
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The walled city was surrounded by several main gates that served as the main entry points into the city — in
January 2012, an announcement was made that the government plans to address the damage that has left the gates largely non-existent over time, with all of the gates targeted for restoration.
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ceased on account of skirmishes between Afghan and Sikh forces, as well as a punitive tax levied on merchants by Ranjit Singh's forces. Singh's government also required Peshawar to forfeit much of its leftover agricultural output to the Sikhs as tribute, while agriculture was further decimated by a
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launched an attack against Peshawar, and severely damaged Buddhist monuments and monasteries throughout the Valley of Peshawar. Shapur's campaign also resulted in damage to the city's monumental stupa and monastery. The Kushans were made subordinate to the Sasanids and their power rapidly dwindled,
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Kanishka's coins have been found as far as Ghaznipur and Gorakhpur. These point to the wide extent of his Indian dominion which stretched from Gandhara to Banaras. The eastern portion of this empire was governed by Mahakshatrapa and a Kshatrapa while the northern portion by military governors. He
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law was never fully enacted. Restrictions on public musical performances were introduced, as well as a ban prohibiting music to be played in any public places, including on public transportation – which lead to the creation of a thriving underground music scene in Peshawar. In 2005, the coalition
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As a result of large numbers of displaced persons in the city, only 12% of Peshawar's residents were employed in the formalized economy in 2012. Approximately 41% of residents in 2012 were employed in personal services, while 55% of Afghan refugees in the city in 2012 were daily wage earners. By
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are to be established in the province, with roads, electricity, gas, water, and security to be provided by the government. The nearby Hattar SEZ is envisioned to provide employment to 30,000 people, and is being developed at a cost of approximately $ 200 million with completion expected in 2017.
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region, unlike other parts of Pakistan; however, rainfall occurs in both winter and summer. Due to western disturbances, the winter rainfall shows a higher record between the months of February and April. The highest amount of winter rainfall, measuring 236 mm (9.3 in), was recorded in
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to the west of the city in 1868, and made the city its frontier headquarters. Additionally, several projects were initiated in Peshawar, including linkage of the city by railway to the rest of British India and renovation of the Mohabbat Khan mosque that had been desecrated by the Sikhs. British
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Shackle suggests Hindko simply means "Indian language' and describes it as a "collective label for the variety of Indo-Aryan dialects either alongside or in vicinity of Pushto in the northwest of the country'. Hindko is the most significant linguistic minority in the NWFP, represented in nearly
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Around 8 pm when the Holi procession at Asa Mai gate was about to depart on the route to Pir Rathan Nath Dharamshala sub inspector Kanhya Lal who was posted at Chita Khuo informed the police head quarter that a mob of Muslim also assembled to stop it and the two mobs started abusing each other.
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On 21 March the Deputy Commissioner was informed by deputy superintendent of police Zain ul Abidin that the situation in the city is not good as Hindu brought some musicians from Amritsar and a dancing boy from Hari Pur and they are intending to lead the procession on an unauthorized route. The
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The entire Main Line-1 railway track between Karachi and Peshawar is to be overhauled at a cost of $ 3.65 billion for the first phase of the project, with completion by 2021. Upgrading the railway line will permit train travel at speeds of 160 kilometres per hour, versus the average 60 to
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The population of Peshawar district in 1998 was 2,026,851. The city's annual growth rate is estimated at 3.29% per year, and the 2016 population of Peshawar district is estimated to be 3,405,414. With a population of 1,970,042 according to the 2017 census, Peshawar is the sixth-largest city of
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The famous Muslim historian and geographer al-Masudi (871–957 AD), also known as the 'Herodotus of the Arabs' for he wrote a 30-volume history of the world, spelt Peshawar as Pershadwar. Purshawar or Purushavar: Abu Rayhan Al-Biruni (973–1048 AD), the Arab geographer and historian records two
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Despite being a centre for leftist politics in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Peshawar is still generally known throughout Pakistan for its social conservatism. Sunni Muslims in the city are regarded to be socially conservative, while the city's Shia population is considered to be more socially liberal.
5675:"The date of the Hindu festival of Holi coincided with Barawafat, the Musalman day of mourning, in 1910, which led to a very serious riot between the Hindus and Musalmans of the Peshawar City resulting in a considerable loss of life. There was a wholescale plunder of Hindu houses and shops."
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insurgency in 2007–2008, militants began targeting members of Peshawar's cultural establishment. By 2007, Taliban militants began a widespread campaign of bombings against music and video shops across the Peshawar region, leading to the closure of many others. In 2009, Pashto musical artist
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businesses and injuries. A month prior, in February 1910, prominent community religious leaders met with officials and agreed that Holi would be solely celebrated in predominantly Hindu neighbourhoods of the city, notably in Andar Shehr and Karim Pura. On 21 March 1910, however, rumors of
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one-fifth (18.7%) of the province's total households. ... The Influence of Pushto on Hazara appears to have become more pronounced, due in part to an Influx of Pashtuns replacing the Hindko-speaking Sikhs and Hindus who formerly held key trading positions and who departed at independence.
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Wages for unskilled workers in Peshawar grew on average 9.1% per year between 2002 and 2008. Following the outbreak of widespread Islamist violence in 2007, wages rose only 1.5% between 2008 and 2014. Real wages dropped for some skilled craftsmen during the period between 2008 and 2014.
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In recent years, Peshawar district hosts up to 20% of all Afghan refugees in Pakistan. In 2005, Peshawar district was home to 611,501 Afghan refugees — who constituted 19.7% of the district's total population. Peshawar's immediate environs were home to large Afghan refugee camps, with
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will generate over 10,000 MW by 2018 – greater than the current electricity deficit of approximately 4,500 MW. Peshawar will also be linked to ports in Karachi by uninterrupted motorway access, while passenger and freight railway tracks will be upgraded between Peshawar and Karachi.
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as administrator of Peshawar, who is remembered for having unleashed a reign of terror. His time in Peshawar is known as a time of "gallows and gibbets". The city's famous Mahabat Khan, built in 1630 in the Jeweler's Bazaar, was badly damaged and desecrated by the Sikh conquerors.
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in elections after the fall of Musharraf in 2008, leading to the removal of the MMA's socially conservative laws. 62% of eligible voters voted in the election. The Awami National Party was targeted by Taliban militants, with hundreds of its members having been assassinated by the
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merchandise following an accidental fire at Bala Hissar fort in 1586. Mughal rule in the area was tenuous, as Mughal suzerainty was only firmly exercised in the Peshawar valley, while the neighbouring valley of Swat was under Mughal rule only during the reign of
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in 2014 to eradicate militancy in the country. In 2016, the provincial government announced a monthly income of $ 300 to 500 musicians in order to help support their work, as well as a $ 5 million fund to "revive the rich cultural heritage of the province".
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Numerous educational institutes — schools, colleges and universities — are located in Peshawar. 21.6% of children between the ages of 5 and 9 were not enrolled in any school in 2013, while 16.6% of children in the 10 to 14 age range were out of school.
7795:
Nizam al-Din Ahmad, The Tabaqat-i-Akbari: (A History of India from the early Musalman Invasions to the thirty-eight year of the reign of Akbar), vol. 2, trans, Brajendra Nath De. rev. and ed, Baini Prashad, low Price Publications, Delhi, 1992, p, 607.
4187:. Peshawar for decades has suffered from chaotic, mismanaged, and inadequate public transportation and the poor public transportation also has been detrimental to the city's economy. Therefore, the government has since a new rapid bus service called
2012:
was established in the city in 1950, and augmented by the amalgamation of nearby British-era institutions into the university. Until the mid-1950s, Peshawar was enclosed within a city wall and sixteen gates. In the 1960s, Peshawar was a base for a
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Peshawar is located in the broad Valley of Peshawar, which is surrounded by mountain ranges on three sides, with the fourth opening to the Punjab plains. The city is located in the generally level base of the valley, known as the Gandhara Plains.
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As the Fu-lou-sha of Fa-hsien is also identifiable as Peshawar, the fifth-century Chinese transcription of Purushapura can clearly be equated with the seventh-century Pu-lu-sha, the equivalent syllables for pu-lo, representing the Sanskrit pura
1955:" (Kill the Hindus). Estimates detail the riots resulted in a total of 451 damaged shops and homes, primarily belonging to members of the Hindu community, while at least 4 Muslims and 6 Hindus were killed, alongside hundreds of injuries.
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681:, Peshawar's recorded history dates back to at least 539 BCE, making it one of the oldest cities in South Asia. The area encompassing modern-day Peshawar is mentioned in the Vedic scriptures; it was one of the principal cities of the
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until his eventual escape. In 1809, the British sent an emissary to the court of Shah Shujah in Peshawar, marking the first diplomatic meeting between the British and Afghans. His half-brother Mahmud Shah then allied himself with the
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Timur Shah transferred the Durrani capital from Qandahar during the period of 1775 and 1776. Kabul and Peshawar then shared time as the dual capital cities of Durrani, the former during the summer and the latter during the winter
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camp hosting up to 300,000 refugees in 2001 – making it the largest refugee camp in Asia at the time. In 2012, it was estimated that Afghans constituted 28% of the city's total population, and that the numbers could be higher.
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Peshawar is overwhelmingly Muslim, with Muslims making up 98.5% of the city's population in the 1998 census. Christians make up the second largest religious group with around 20,000 adherents, while over 7,000 members of the
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1989:. In April 1930, Khan, leading a large group of his followers, protested in Qissa Khwani Bazaar against discriminatory laws that had been enacted by the colonial government; hundreds were killed when a detachment of the
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Beal, Samuel. 1911. "The Life of Hiuen-Tsiang by the Shaman Hwui Li, with an Introduction containing an account of the Works of I-Tsing". Trans. by Samuel Beal. London. 1911. Reprint: Munshiram Manoharlal, New Delhi.
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Peshawar has historically served as the political centre of the region, and is currently the capital city of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. The city and province have been historically regarded to be strongholds of the
4088:– the ancient travel route by which most trade between Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent passed. Peshawar's economy also benefited from tourism in the mid-20th century, as the city formed a crucial part of the
12400:. 1841. "Travels in the Himalayan Provinces of Hindustan and the Panjab; in Ladakh and Kashmir, in Peshawar, Kabul, Kunduz, and Bokhara... from 1819 to 1825", Vol. II. Reprint: New Delhi, Sagar Publications, 1971.
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Peshawar is well-served by private buses (locally referred to as "flying coaches") and vans that offer frequent connections to throughout Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, as well as all major cities of Pakistan. The city's
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Of course the Kushan capital established by Kanishka in India was at Purushpura — Peshawar — not Mathura, where the Saka satraps had held sway and probably continued under the overlordship of the Kushans.
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Essentially, what has occurred is an occupation by Pashto-speaking Pathans of key areas in the urban economy of the province which before 1947 were traditionally exercised by Hindko- speaking Hindus and
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His empire extended to Afghanistan, parts of Iran and northern India-Pakistan, and his capital Purushpura is the modern Peshawar, where he built an enormous stupa. He sent Buddhist missionaries to China.
12319:
Elphinstone, Mountstuart. 1815. "An account of the Kingdom of Caubul and its dependencies in Persia, Tartary, and India; comprising a view of the Afghaun nation." Akadem. Druck- u. Verlagsanst (1969).
4103:. Peshawar's surrounding region is also relatively poor − Khyber Pakhtunkhwa's cities on average have an urban per capita income that is 20% less than Pakistan's national average for urban residents.
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The late-first—early-second-century-A.D. rule of Kanishka, the third Kushan emperor, was administered from two capitals, Purushapura (Peshawar), near the Khyber Pass, and Mathura, in northern India.
1981:("city dwellers" in Pashto), were responsible for the dominant culture for most of the time that Peshawar was under British rule. Peshawar was also home to a non-violent resistance movement led by
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and subsequent strain on Peshawar's infrastructure from the influx of refugees. The poor security environment resulting from Islamist violence also impacted the city's economy. With the launch of
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Within the next decade, emerged the great kingdom of Gandhra under the great Kushan king Kaniskha (125-160 AD). The seat of his central government was Purushpura which is today known as Peshawar.
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Though the city's Sikh population drastically declined after Partition, the Sikh community has been bolstered in Peshawar by the arrival of approximately 4,000 Sikh refugees from conflict in the
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to re-occupy the city was unsuccessful after being unable to breach the Peshawar fort's defenses. Sikh settlers from Punjab were settled in the city during Sikh rule. The city's only remaining
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4445:. The airport served 1,255,303 passengers between 2014 and 2015, the vast majority of whom were international travelers. The airport offers direct flights throughout Pakistan, as well as to
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Peshawar has long been known as "the Fountier—town." Standing right at the mout of the world-famous Khyber Pass, it holds the key to the gateway of the subcontinent of Pakistan and India.
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Under the Mauryas, when Pataliputra was the capital of the whole empire, a road ran from Tamralipti, which was probably then on or very near the coast, to Purushapura in the north-west.
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Beal, Samuel. 1884. "Si-Yu-Ki: Buddhist Records of the Western World, by Hiuen Tsiang." 2 vols. Trans. by Samuel Beal. London. Reprint: Delhi. Oriental Books Reprint Corporation. 1969.
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1595:, former Governor of Peshawar and Kabul, was selected to be the Mughal Emperor. As Mughal power declined following the death of Emperor Aurangzeb, the empire's defenses were weakened.
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is native minority language, though English is used in the city's educational institutions, while Urdu is understood throughout the city – as the national language of the country.
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in 2014 to be at the helm of a nationwide movement to create an ecosystem for entrepreneurship, freelance jobs, and technology. The city has been host to the World Bank assisted
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was built in the early 1990s. Both Qayyum Stadium and Hayatabad Sports Complexes are multiple sports complexes with facilities for all major indoor and outdoor sports such as
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Historically, the old city of Peshawar was a heavily guarded citadel that consisted of high walls. In the 21st century, only remnants of the walls remain, but the houses and
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The metropolitan economy suffers from poor infrastructure. The city's economy has also been adversely impacted by shortages of electricity and natural gas. The $ 54 billion
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is a modern & third generation rapid bus service of Peshawar, which has started its service on 13 August 2020. It has 30 stations and 244 buses, which covers area from
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After the 2002 Islamist government implemented restrictions on public musical performances, a thriving underground music scene took root in Peshawar. After the start of
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continued to study at the monastery's ruins. Xuanzang estimated that only about 1,000 families continued in a small quarter among the ruins of the former grand capital.
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the Chinese equivalent of the Sanskrit name of the city, Purushapura. An ancient inscription from the Shapur era identifies a city in the Gandhara valley by the name
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successfully passed the "Prohibition of Use of Women in Photograph Bill, 2005," leading to the removal of all public advertisements in Peshawar that featured women.
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Unlike Wema Kadphises, whose relationship with Kanishka is not yet known, Kanishka ruled his Indian territories in person and selected Purushapura as his capital.
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province, of which Peshawar is the capital, elected one of Pakistan's only religiously based provincial governments during the period of military dictatorship of
2800:. Due to the damage caused by rapid growth and development, the old walled city has been identified as an area that urgently requires restoration and protection.
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being brought into the city for Holi celebrations, led to a group of individuals who were marking Barawafat into forming a mob with the intention of stopping the
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86% of Peshawar's households have access to municipal piped water as of 2015, though 39% of Peshawar's households purchase water from private companies in 2015.
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Of the sixteen gates of the historic walled city of Peshawar (derivative of Purushapura, meaning "town of men" in Sanskrit), the best known is the Kabuli Gate.
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in March 1823, Ranjit Singh captured Peshawar again and reinstated Yar Mohammed as the governor. By 1830, Peshawar's economy was noted by Scottish explorer
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was able to temporarily reestablish control over the entire Valley of Peshawar after Shapur's invasion, but the city was then captured by the Central Asian
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in the 16th century. Peshawar was an important trading centre on Sher Shah Suri's Grand Trunk Road. During Akbar's rule, the name of the city changed from
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was built in Peshawar to house Buddhist relics. The golden age of Kushan empire in Peshawar ended in 232 CE with the death of the last great Kushan king,
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kingdoms which ruled over the area during its earliest recorded period. The city's name may also be derived from the Sanskrit name for "City of Flowers,"
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Education > Geography (sourced from Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth: An Historical Census by Tertius Chandler. 1987, St. David's University Press)
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resulting in an aircraft shot down by the Soviets that flew from Peshawar. From the 1960s until the late 1970s, Peshawar was a major stop on the famous
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was rebuilt during the White Hun era with the construction of a tall wooden superstructure, built atop a stone base, and crowned with a 13-layer copper-
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Ahmad, Aisha and Boase, Roger. 2003. "Pashtun Tales from the Pakistan-Afghan Frontier: From the Pakistan-Afghan Frontier." Saqi Books (1 March 2003).
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The project is planned to be completed in two phases in five years by 2021. The first phase will be completed by December 2017 and the second by 2021.
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who ruled the city who was known as Purush. The city likely first existed as a small village in the fifth century BCE, within the cultural sphere of
7489:
5411:. In 1991, Qayyum Stadium hosted Barcelona Olympics Qualifier Football match between Pakistan and Qatar plus it also hosted National Games in 2010.
12909:
11122:
6719:
5556:
1642:, the Mughal practice of using Kabul as a summer capital and Peshawar as a winter capital was reintroduced, with the practice maintained until the
10506:
8330:"The province of Multan and northwest frontier were also overrun by Marathas and the forts of Peshawar and Attock were garrisoned by their troops"
13301:
9419:
2788:. In the old city, located in inner-Peshawar, many historic monuments and bazaars exist in the 21st century, including the Mohabbat Khan Mosque,
1249:, which ancient travelers claimed was up to 560 ft (170 m) tall, though modern estimates suggest a height of 400 ft (120 m).
10575:"Inefficiencies in the performance of the transport sector costs Pakistan's economy 4-6pc of GDP", said Werner E. Liepach, ADB Country Director.
7889:
Ahmad, Hasan Dani (1999). History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The crossroads of civilizations: A.D. 250 to 750. Motilal Banarsidass Publ.
4263:
in order to divert traffic away from the city's congested centre. The road is currently under construction, with some portions open to traffic.
13981:
12343:
10989:
4429:. The service was discontinued as the security situation west of Peshawar deteriorated with the beginning of the region's Taliban insurgency.
14001:
9032:
8840:
6808:
1603:
250:
181:
11923:
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8916:
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was elected to power in the province on an anti-corruption platform. Peshawar city recorded a voter turnout of 80% for the 2013 elections.
3171:
is concentrated in Peshawar's old city, Hindko speakers in Peshawar increasingly assimilate elements of Pashto and Urdu into their speech.
11962:
10587:
9535:
9075:
8483:
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8969:
1078:
noted that Purushapura (ancient Peshawar) was the western terminus of a Mauryan road that connected the city to the empire's capital at
13483:
6649:
3070:
With the influx of Afghan refugees into Peshawar, the city became a hub for Afghan musicians and artists, as well as a major centre of
2004:
In 1947, Peshawar became part of the newly created state of Pakistan, and emerged as a cultural centre in the country's northwest. The
1885:
1658:
during the late 1700s. Peshawar was at the centre of a productive agricultural region that provided much of north India's dried fruit.
1532:, who assembled Pashtun armies in an attempted rebellion against the Mughals. The Roshani followers laid siege to the city until 1587.
12295:
12057:
8787:
1650:
served as the residence of Afghan kings during their winter stay in Peshawar, and it was noted to be the main centre of trade between
1103:
declared its independence from the Seleucid Empire, and quickly seized ancient Peshawar around 190 BCE. The city was then captured by
14011:
12316:
Dobbins, K. Walton. 1971. "The Stūpa and Vihāra of Kanishka I". The Asiatic Society of Bengal Monograph Series, Vol. XVIII. Calcutta.
10874:
10328:
9001:
7375:
4948:
1884:. For better administration of the region, Peshawar and the adjoining districts were separated from the Punjab Province in 1901, The
709:
10905:
10163:
8385:
8044:
7735:"The Kingdom of Afghanistan – A Historical Sketch" by G.P.Tate (1911), Reproduced by 'Indus Publications' (1973) Page 12 (Foot Note)
13192:
13161:
12970:
6002:
2810:
454:
123:
12403:
Reeves, Richard. 1985. "Passage to Peshawar: Pakistan: Between the Hindu Kush and the Arabian Sea." Holiday House September 1985.
11236:
10102:
9777:
9513:
9082:. Climate data Processing Centre (CDPC), Pakistan Meteorological Department, Karachi. Archived from the original on 20 August 2010
6456:
The old name Purushpura is said to have been derived from Purush, after a Raja whose seat of government it is stated to have been.
5904:
5839:
3207:; In 2008, the largest Sikh population in Pakistan was located in Peshawar. Sikhs in Peshawar self-identify as Pashtuns and speak
13996:
12495:
12233:
12202:
11889:
11597:
10941:
5039:
4864:
1572:
tribes rose against Mughal rule during the Yusufzai Revolt of 1667, and engaged in pitched-battles with Mughal battalions nearby
320:
9039:. Climate Data Processing Centre (CDPC), Pakistan Meteorological Department, Karachi. Archived from the original on 13 June 2010
4125:. The 2017 event hosted 100 speakers including several international speakers, and approximately 3,000 delegates in attendance.
1219:
devastated ancient Peshawar in the 460s CE, and ravaged the entire region of Gandhara, destroying its numerous monasteries. The
12150:
12109:
9484:
9184:
1017:
12456:
4666:, and her father were killed in Peshawar, after they had fled rural Khyber Pakhtunkhwa for the relative security of Peshawar.
1374:
During the Ghaznavid era, Peshawar served as an important stop between the Afghan plateau, and the Ghaznavid garrison city of
1272:
victory, and expressed lament that the city and its great Buddhist monuments had decayed to ruin—although some monks studying
13986:
11056:
11046:
10951:
10389:
10056:
10012:
9812:
9707:
8690:
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Schofield, Victoria, "Afghan Frontier: Feuding and Fighting in Central Asia", London: Tauris Parke Paperbacks (2003), page 47
8514:
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The old name Purushapura is said to have been derived from Purush, a Raja whose seat of government it is stated to have been.
6398:
6308:
6280:
6236:
6131:
5930:
5516:
4938:
4818:
There are currently 9 Medical colleges in Peshawar, 2 in public sector while 7 in private sector. The first Medical College,
4595:
4240:
provides an alternate route to Lahore from Islamabad. The Grand Trunk Road also provides access to the Afghan border via the
3074:. Some Afghan refugees have established successful businesses in Peshawar, and play an important role in the city's economy.
3059:
8531:
8099:
13231:
12523:
10758:
7929:
5867:
2055:
Like much of northwest Pakistan, Peshawar has been severely affected by violence from the attacks by the terrorist group,
1580:
tribes resisted Mughal rule during the Afridi Revolt of the 1670s. The Afridis massacred a Mughal battalion in the nearby
13288:
13185:
13036:
12975:
12965:
11850:
8187:
History of Civilizations of Central Asia: Development in contrast : from the sixteenth to the mid-nineteenth century
6066:
5044:
4804:
4379:
3204:
1948:
1802:
1785:
to accommodate the newly settled Sikhs. The Sikhs also rebuilt the Bala Hissar fort during their occupation of the city.
9667:
7282:
6226:
5952:
12792:
10808:
9221:
9145:
5732:
1868–1941: Data for the entirety of the town of Peshawar, which included Peshawar Municipality and Peshawar Cantonment.
5723:
1891–1941: Data for the entirety of the town of Peshawar, which included Peshawar Municipality and Peshawar Cantonment.
4964:
4903:
4702:
Islamic architectural styles. The museum's collection has almost 14,000 items, and is well known for its collection of
9957:
9572:
8268:
7620:
6493:
1424:
Pashtuns, began settling rural regions around Peshawar in the late 15th and 16th centuries. The Ghoryakhel and Khashi
12408:
12387:
12310:
12278:
9967:
8761:
8371:
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8221:
8194:
8027:
7990:
7894:
7686:
7603:
7530:
7483:
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7338:
7328:
7030:
6877:
6867:
6754:
6713:
6184:
6156:
4383:
3086:
Afghan refugees began to be frequently accused of involvement with terrorist attacks that occurred during Pakistan's
11084:
10661:
10528:
7980:
1669:. Shah Shujah was then himself proclaimed king in 1803, and recaptured Peshawar while Mahmud Shah was imprisoned at
360:
13151:
13001:
11144:
10775:
9628:
8228:
The Marathas, assisted by Sikhs, defeated the Afghans and captured Attock, Peshwar and Multan in the spring of 1758
7757:
6208:
5899:
4754:
4438:
4353:
4176:
4135:
1861:
300:
12023:
9452:
6036:
5159:– an ancient site of Buddha's alms or begging bowl, and the headquarters of Syed Ahmad Shaheed, Governor Avitabile
2159:
2008:
saw the departure of many Hindko-speaking Hindus and Sikhs who held key positions in the economy of Peshawar. The
12528:
12322:
Foucher, M. A. 1901. "Notes sur la geographie ancienne du Gandhâra (commentaire à un chaptaire de Hiuen-Tsang)."
7399:
Al-Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World: Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam 7th-11th Centuries
6983:
1749:
to have sharply declined, with Ranjit Singh's forces having destroyed the city's palace and agricultural fields.
1737:
invaded Peshawar in 1818, but handed its rule to Peshawar Sardars as vassals. Following the Sikh victory against
775:, the meaning of which Akbar did not understand. The ruler of the city during its founding may have been a Hindu
11015:
9744:
8844:
214:
13476:
13452:
12001:
11808:
11727:
10631:
10562:
10420:
9597:
6583:
5791:
5081:
391:
12172:
11455:
11201:
11178:
10450:
10046:
9697:
8885:
4084:
Peshawar's economic importance has historically been linked to its privileged position at the entrance to the
13991:
13263:
13031:
12417:
Imran, Imran Rashid. 2012. "Peshawar – Faseel-e-Shehr aur Darwazay." Sarhad Conservation Network. March 2012.
12393:
9448:
9101:
9058:
8653:
6774:
6088:
5481:
5061:
5018:
4408:
4402:
4391:
2776:– all of which were founded near a major river, and included an old walled city, as well as a royal citadel.
2079:
12087:
11696:
11293:
7806:
7649:
7080:
720:
in 1747, after which it served as the Durrani winter capital from 1776 until the capture of the city by the
13815:
13156:
13125:
12863:
12731:
11391:
10382:
Pakistan: Doing Business and Investing in Pakistan: Strategic, Practical Information, Regulations, Contacts
10358:
10189:
7576:
Imperial Gazetteer of India:Gazetteers of British India, 1833–1962 Volume 20 of Imperial Gazetteer of India
7130:
6564:
5813:
5651:
4985:
4831:
4727:
4114:
2095:
1993:
1655:
350:
13448:
9167:
6985:
The Grandeur of Gandhara: The Ancient Buddhist Civilization of the Swat, Peshawar, Kabul and Indus Valleys
6850:
6532:
6388:
6359:
4669:
Musicians began to return to the city by 2016, with a security environment greatly improved following the
4270:
provides access between the Peshawar region and western China, and an alternate route to Central Asia via
658:, with a district population of over 4.7 million in the 2023 census. It is the capital of the province of
14016:
13500:
12940:
12553:
11635:
11114:
7473:
5927:"Pakistan: Provinces and Major Cities – Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information"
5646:
5072:
The following is a list of other significant landmarks in the city that still exist in the 21st century:
4943:
4837:
At the start of the 21st century, a host of new private sector universities started working in Peshawar.
2091:
2075:
2041:
2014:
1965:
was built during the British-era, and is now one of Peshawar's most prestigious educational institutions.
1497:, and he rebuilt the city's fort. Babur used the city as a base for expeditions to other nearby towns in
12266:
9406:
6703:
6121:
42:
13492:
13366:
12945:
10943:
Religion, Religious Organisations and Development: Scrutinising Religious Perceptions and Organisations
7239:
5589:
4970:
4887:
4796:
4191:
covering the entire Peshawar. BRT Peshawar is now believed to be one the most advanced BRT of Pakistan
4164:
Peshawar's economy has been negatively impacted by political instability since 1979 resulting from the
3197:
3087:
1877:
1798:
733:
725:
332:
142:
70:
11361:
10279:"Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. II"
10250:"Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. I."
9442:"POPULATION AND HOUSEHOLD DETAIL FROM BLOCK TO DISTRICT LEVEL: KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA (PESHAWAR DISTRICT)"
9413:
1318:
Pashtuns began settling in the Valley of Peshawar, and are believed to have settled regions up to the
13469:
13021:
12960:
12935:
12664:
11545:
5529:
4995:
4928:
4827:
4363:
is being constructed as part of CPEC, and is providing control-access motorway travel all the way to
4360:
2064:
1940:
1888:
was separated from Punjab Province in 1901, after which Peshawar became capital of the new province.
1364:
1339:
1292:
Until the mid seventh century, the residents of ancient Peshawar had a ruling elite of Central Asian
1042:
960:
Peshawar alongside the modern day Ghandara region were found in the Vedic Scripture as Pushkalavati.
895:
63:
38:
17:
12337:
11515:
11331:
11271:
10985:
8614:"Census of India 1921. Vol. 14, North-west Frontier Province : Part I, Report; part II, Tables"
5981:
13130:
13115:
13046:
12950:
11665:
11575:
5380:
5349:
4975:
4883:
4868:
4626:
1935:
calling for calm, both parties ultimately clashed at the Asamai Gate, when the Holi procession was
1834:
1562:
used Peshawar as his winter capital during the 17th century, and bestowed the city with its famous
1067:
941:
506:
374:
9865:"'There is nothing here but dust': What Afghan deportees face after years as refugees in Pakistan"
6802:
6336:
756:
The modern name of the city "Peshawar" is possibly derived from the Sanskrit word "Purushapura" (
13041:
11919:
8908:
7057:
5963:
5753:
4893:
The following is a list of some of the public and private universities and colleges in Peshawar:
4602:
4338:
4237:
2071:
744:
642:
12354:
11777:
11485:
10141:
8085:
Connecting Histories in Afghanistan: Market Relations and State Formation on a Colonial Frontier
7912:"Imperial expansion under Aurangzeb 1658–1869. Testing the limits of the empire: the Northwest."
5356:, a popular club cricket ground. The oldest international cricket ground in Peshawar however is
4134:
in Peshawar's western suburbs, though several of the units are no longer in use. As part of the
1382:
Panthi Yogis, who in turn are believed to have extensively interacted with Muslim Sufi mystics.
13426:
13421:
12980:
12955:
12785:
10167:
9832:"Pakistan wants millions of Afghan refugees gone. It's a humanitarian crisis waiting to happen"
8654:"Maro Hindu Ko" (Kill the Hindus): Communal Violence in Peshawar City: A Historical Perspective
8560:
6451:
5226:
5143:
5139:
5054:
5029:
4990:
4980:
4923:
4823:
4819:
4792:
4601:
The Islamists introduced a range of social restrictions following the election of the Islamist
4572:
4538:
4345:
4322:
4233:
2009:
1857:
1524:. In 1586, Pashtuns rose against Mughal rule during the Roshani Revolt under the leadership of
1096:
749:
488:
146:
11836:
11755:
10594:
9543:
8479:
8341:
4662:
was assassinated by Taliban militants on the city's outskirts. In June 2012, a Pashto singer,
13851:
12904:
12883:
12590:
9377:"Census of India, 1931, vol. XV. North-west frontier province. Part I-Report. Part II-Tables"
8587:
6272:
5452:
5369:
5333:, and Hayatabad Cricket Stadium, which are the International cricket grounds of Peshawar and
5292:
5259:
5255:
5121:
4576:
4568:
4139:
3063:
2155:
2083:
2033:
1826:
1719:
1670:
1647:
1623:
1508:, direct Mughal rule over the city was briefly challenged with the rise of the Pashtun king,
1394:
captured Peshawar, though the city was then destroyed in the early 1200s at the hands of the
1260:
and ancient Peshawar during the White Hun era, and noted that it was in conflict with nearby
1108:
1028:
valleys. Following Alexander's conquest, the Valley of Peshawar came under the suzerainty of
150:
10004:
8976:
6657:
6475:
4095:
Peshawar's estimated monthly per capita income was ₨55,246 in 2015, compared to ₨117,924 in
1598:
On 18 November 1738, Peshawar was captured from the Mughal governor Nawab Nasir Khan by the
13913:
13336:
12818:
12053:
10654:"Purchase of power: payments to Chinese companies to be facilitated through revolving fund"
10307:
8241:
5534:
5506:
5384:
5361:
5357:
5287:
4670:
4614:
4564:
4462:
4169:
3228:
2817:
2797:
2087:
1822:
1563:
1458:
936:
931:
7475:
History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The crossroads of civilizations: A.D. 250 to 750
7367:
4285:
provides access to points south of Peshawar, with a terminus in the southern port city of
8:
13381:
13089:
13064:
12810:
12682:
11421:
9910:
8213:
Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia [2 Volumes]
5338:
5099:
5087:
4933:
4854:
4442:
4421:
3192:
are also found in the city − though most of the city's Hindu and Sikh community migrated
3181:
2149:
1990:
1872:. The British introduced Western-style education into Peshawar with the establishment of
1841:
1691:
1666:
1662:
1009:
927:
158:
12414:
Imran, Imran Rashid. 2006. "Baghaat-i-Peshawar." Sarhad Conservation Network. July 2006.
6650:"Ancient Peshawar:Historical Review of Some of its Socio-Religious and Cultural Aspects"
6330:
4737:
1765:
The Sikh Empire formally annexed Peshawar in 1834 following advances from the armies of
1757:
collapse of the dried fruit market in north India. Singh appointed Neapolitan mercenary
13898:
13757:
13321:
13135:
13105:
13026:
12878:
12853:
12833:
11824:
11743:
11478:"Khyber Medical University | Committed to Excellence in Medical Education and Research"
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10253:
10224:
10110:
9938:
9509:
9380:
9347:
9315:
9282:
9250:
8750:
8617:
7952:
7592:
6743:
6192:
fixed his capital at Purushpura or Peshawar which he adorned with many noble buildings.
5893:
5491:
5462:
5353:
5345:
5330:
5250:
5023:
4867:, the first women university of Peshawar, started working in 2009 while private sector
4838:
4788:
4703:
4587:
4477:
4260:
4165:
2005:
1830:
1774:
1742:
1703:
1679:
1639:
1631:
1273:
1216:
1029:
1013:
973:
667:
659:
313:
11605:
2832:
Much of Peshawar's old city still features examples of traditional style architecture.
13976:
13795:
13643:
13346:
13311:
13223:
13219:
13074:
12919:
12873:
12868:
12778:
12736:
12700:
12580:
12571:
12404:
12383:
12306:
12274:
11854:
11052:
10947:
10385:
10052:
10038:
10008:
9963:
9942:
9930:
9808:
9703:
9689:
9095:
9052:
8757:
8731:
The rise and development of Urdu and the importance of regional languages in Pakistan
8593:
8510:
8451:
8423:
8391:
8367:
8347:
8319:
8274:
8247:
8217:
8190:
8156:
8089:
8050:
8023:
7986:
7959:
7919:
7890:
7853:
7812:
7763:
7682:
7599:
7574:
7536:
7479:
7452:
7427:
7402:
7334:
7288:
7243:
7214:
7136:
7111:
7086:
7026:
6989:
6932:
6873:
6750:
6709:
6589:
6499:
6394:
6304:
6276:
6232:
6180:
6152:
6127:
5641:
5611:
5472:
5348:
as the main ground coupled with Cricket Academy. There is also small cricket ground,
5108:
5093:
4897:
4875:
4858:
4698:. The building features an amalgamation of British, South Asian, Hindu, Buddhist and
4654:
4619:
4267:
3102:
3071:
3067:
an estimated 100,000 Afghans refugees were illegally registered to vote in Peshawar.
2789:
2705:
2082:
in which Taliban militants killed 132 school children. Peshawar suffered 111 acts of
2045:
2022:
1924:
1723:
1711:
1228:
1062:
monastery was established in 46 CE, and was once a major centre of Buddhist learning.
1005:
757:
368:
325:
12433:
12142:
10750:
9894:
5060:
The Pakistani military operates Army Public School Peshawar. It was the site of the
4121:— an annual event to connect the city and province's youths to opportunities in the
3050:, with a population five times higher than the second-largest city in the province.
2768:
Peshawar's urban typology is similar to other ancient cities in South Asia, such as
1833:. The British re-established stability in the wake of ruinous Sikh rule. During the
13934:
13701:
13572:
13519:
13079:
13006:
12843:
12659:
12291:
12203:"Playing for peace: Peshawar all set for 31st National Games – The Express Tribune"
10329:"Putting Peshawar at the Helm of Digital Change: Youth, Technology, and Innovation"
9997:
9922:
9860:
7907:
6093:
5616:
5501:
5396:
5235:
4918:
4879:
4591:
4506:
4290:
4221:
3141:
2056:
1962:
1932:
1873:
1782:
1766:
1746:
1599:
1529:
1513:
1490:
1432:
Pashtun tribes east of the Indus River following a battle in 1515 near the city of
1409:
The Ghoryakhel Pashtuns Khalil, Muhmands, Daudzai, Chamkani tribes and some Khashi
1368:
1150:
886:
836:
816:
557:
9247:"Census of India, 1891. General tables for British provinces and feudatory states"
9141:
8682:
6804:
Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan, Volume 2, Issue 1 – Volume 3, Issue 2
6469:
6468:
Cotton, James Sutherland; Burn, Sir Richard; Meyer, Sir William Stevenson (1909).
5926:
2090:, which further reduced acts of violence throughout Pakistan. A large attack on a
1584:
in 1672 and shut the pass to lucrative trade routes. Mughal armies led by Emperor
13628:
13608:
13552:
13401:
13069:
12610:
12446:
12397:
12361:
12347:
12302:
10762:
10286:
10278:
10257:
10249:
10228:
10220:
9384:
9376:
9351:
9343:
9319:
9311:
9286:
9278:
9254:
9246:
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1910:
day of mourning, resulting in a considerable loss of life along with hundreds of
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broke out in the old city of Peshawar during the spring of 1910, when the annual
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11963:"Construction work on KP's second largest sports complex completes in Charsadda"
9418:. Islamabad, Pakistan: Government of Pakistan: Statistics Division. p. 28.
4886:, which was established in 1913. Islamia College became university and named as
2106:
1157:. The city was made the empire's winter capital. The Kushan's summer capital at
13826:
13673:
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founded in 1900 by Herbert Edwardes, is the oldest college in the province and
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started functioning in 1995, which become degree awarding institution in 2005.
4695:
4502:
4416:
105 km/h (37 to 65 mph) speed currently possible on existing tracks.
3688:
2785:
2094:
killed dozens and injured 200 people on 4 March 2022. In January 2023, another
1986:
1974:
1891:
1869:
1814:
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1509:
1391:
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1177:
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1036:. A locally-made vase fragment that was found in Peshawar depicts a scene from
717:
694:
677:
Situated in the Valley of Peshawar, a broad area situated east of the historic
9926:
9379:. Peshawar, Printed by the manager, Government stationery and printing, 1933.
7982:
Mughal Empire in India: A Systematic Study Including Source Material, Volume 3
5243:
Gardens (also known as Khalid bin Waleed Park) – formerly named "Company Bagh"
1813:
Built for wealthy local merchants in a Central Asian architectural style, the
1702:. Before that, the fort of Peshawar was being guarded by Durrani troops under
13970:
13316:
13177:
13016:
12848:
12838:
12828:
12754:
12628:
12441:
12338:
Annotated Translation of the Chapter on the Western Regions according to the
11568:"FAST-NUCES Peshawar | National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences"
11048:
Pakistan's Stability Paradox: Domestic, Regional and International Dimensions
9934:
9659:
9120:
World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020)
5626:
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adjacent to the departure points for several other transportation companies.
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community until the late 1940s. After the partition and the emergence of the
2584:
2132:
1958:
1793:
1421:
1395:
1378:. During the tenth–12th century, Peshawar served as a headquarters for Hindu
1356:
1311:
and other indigenous inhabitants of Puruṣapura in the later seventh century.
1245:
visited the structure and described it as "the highest of all the towers" in
1154:
981:
713:
686:
632:
265:
252:
12110:"As sports facilities decline in Peshawar, so do sports stars – Daily Times"
10906:"Political spectrum of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) – Part I: ANP, PPP & MMA"
5967:
4763:
Currently, Peshawar has universities for all major disciplines ranging from
4325:. The motorway also links Peshawar to major cities in the province, such as
4076:
944:, the city of Purushapura (which became Peshawar), was established near the
13918:
13890:
13461:
13431:
13376:
13341:
13326:
12749:
11946:"CM KP Mehmood Khan inaugurates state-of-the-art Hayatabad Cricket Stadium"
10754:
10685:"Pakistan to get Chinese funds for upgrading rail links, building pipeline"
10042:
9693:
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9309:
5656:
5412:
5388:
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42% of Peshawar households are connected to municipal sewerage as of 2015.
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2068:
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2018:
1982:
1977:
intellectuals during the British era. Hindko speakers, also referred to as
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1200:
1113:
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989:
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705:
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12429:
7808:
The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians: The Muhammadan Period
6480:
Purushapura, seat of king Purush, Peshawar probably derived from, xx. 124.
5329:
There are hosts of sporting facilities in Peshawar. The most renowned are
4613:
The religious coalition was swept out of power by the secular and leftist
4183:
Poor transportation is estimated to cause a loss of 4–6% of the Pakistani
3062:
in 1978, though the rate of migration drastically increased following the
2123:
1943:, with a Hindu procession member stabbing a Muslim individual in the mob.
1849:, foreign secretary of the British Indian government, who collaboratively
1344:
In 986–87 CE, Peshawar's first encounter with Muslim armies occurred when
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13732:
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13411:
13396:
13331:
13011:
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12858:
10653:
9483:(Report). Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. 2017. p. 13. Archived from
7170:
A. D. H. Bivar, "The History of Eastern Iran", in Ehsan Yarshater (ed.),
5562:
5264:
4874:
Apart from good range of universities, Peshawar has host of high quality
4784:
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serves as the terminus for Pakistan's 1,687 km (1,048 mi)-long
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1850:
1581:
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1349:
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as the Sasanids blocked lucrative trade routes westward out of the city.
1166:
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1075:
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781:
729:
721:
678:
11598:"CUSIT: City University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar"
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4526:
1947:
ensued for the following three days, involved individuals from outlying
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13562:
13557:
13532:
13386:
13351:
12677:
12024:"Teams refuse to play at Gymkhana Cricket Ground – The Express Tribune"
7622:
report of the regular settlement of the peshawar district of the punjab
7449:
Al-Hind: The Slavic Kings and the Islamic conquest, 11th–13th centuries
6335:. Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland. 1834. pp.
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5636:
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5231:
4958:
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4659:
4318:
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3168:
3167:
The district of Peshawar is overwhelmingly Pashto-speaking, though the
1970:
1951:
who had entered the city, with a mob at Bara Bazar allegedly chanting "
1928:
1726:
was appointed as the representative in this area of the sub-continent.
1607:
1540:
1525:
1345:
1246:
1181:
1172:
1146:
10443:"Violence-related fatalities in Balochistan, Punjab increased in 2016"
8671:
The Frontier Town of Peshawar. A Brief History by Sayed Amjad Hussain.
4172:
in 2014, the country's security environment has drastically improved.
3626:
1284:
13924:
13836:
13785:
13775:
13737:
13706:
13508:
13356:
11875:
8829:
8589:
Changes in the Socio-economic Structures in Rural North-West Pakistan
7108:
Life and Culture in Ancient India: From the Earliest Times to 1000 AD
6928:
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5400:
5274:
5268:
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With an influence from the local steppe climate, Peshawar features a
1903:
1845:
suzerainty over regions west of Peshawar was cemented in 1893 by Sir
1738:
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1555:
1323:
1204:
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993:
871:
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484:
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11993:
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11719:
11354:"CECOS – University of Information Technology and Emerging Sciences"
10623:
10554:
10412:
8387:
Mughal Empire in India: A Systematic Study Including Source Material
5783:
3362:
748:
A vintage photo postcard of the main street, Peshawar. Digitized by
13805:
13790:
13717:
13678:
13653:
13613:
13592:
13537:
12823:
12695:
12054:"Peshawar Club Ground | Pakistan | Cricket Grounds | ESPN Cricinfo"
11447:
10875:"Areas of political influence in Pakistan: right-wing vs left-wing"
10442:
9601:
9002:"Death toll from Pakistan mosque bombing rises to 100 – Crime News"
8877:
8658:
6332:
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland
5631:
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619:
293:
12370:: A Third Century Chinese Account Composed between 239 and 265 CE.
12305:: Historic city of the Frontier" Sang-e-Meel Publications (1995).
10048:
The Languages and Linguistics of South Asia: A Comprehensive Guide
9699:
The Languages and Linguistics of South Asia: A Comprehensive Guide
6358:
Dept, North-West Frontier Province (Pakistan) Information (1955).
4677:
3494:
1665:, became king, and quickly seized Peshawar from his half-brother,
1618:
1473:
with elegant and intricately detailed floral and geometric motifs.
1326:
noted that by the mid tenth century, the city had become known as
767:, meaning "City of Men" or "City of Purusha"). It was named so by
13903:
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13780:
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13663:
13648:
13597:
13547:
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13391:
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12623:
12585:
11920:"Arbab Niaz Stadium | Pakistan | Cricket Grounds | ESPN Cricinfo"
11688:
11301:
6911:
The capital of Kushan Empire was Purushpura, the modern Peshawar.
6623:
Analecta Orientalia Posthumous Writings and Selected Minor Workds
5511:
5486:
5457:
4772:
4606:
4575:
had also enjoyed considerable support in the province due to its
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3622:
3556:
3212:
3079:
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1853:
between British controlled territories in India and Afghanistan.
1678:
Pashtuns, and captured Peshawar once again and reigned until the
1651:
1505:
1429:
1315:
1237:
1224:
1125:
811:'s seventh-century account of a city in Gandhara called the city
469:
11383:
11294:"University of Engineering & Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan"
10407:
10405:
10403:
10401:
10354:
10221:"Report on the census of the Punjab taken on 10th January, 1868"
10164:"The Frontier Singhs | News & Politics | Newsline"
8830:"AFGHANS IN PESHAWAR Migration, Settlements and Social Networks"
8570:
8420:
Empire of the Sikhs: The Life and Times of Maharaja Ranjit Singh
7700:
7698:
7115:
5840:"DC For Timely Completion Of Arrangements For General Elections"
4344:
Pakistan's motorway network links Peshawar to Faisalabad by the
4216:, have been constructed in recent years to improve traffic flow.
4204:
4111:
3758:
2086:
in 2010, which had declined to 18 in 2014, before the launch of
1829:
in 1849, some of their territories were captured by the British
1809:
674:, who comprise the second-largest ethnic group in the country.
666:. It is situated in the north-west of the country, lying in the
62:
This article is about the city in Pakistan. For other uses, see
13948:
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13084:
12605:
12558:
12460:
11801:"Khattak lauds academic standard of Islamia College University"
10499:"Parliamentary body on CPEC expresses concern over coal import"
9245:
Baines, Jervoise Athelstane; India Census Commissioner (1891).
9244:
9070:
9068:
5957:
5404:
4914:
City University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar
4368:
4334:
4330:
4229:
4152:
2016, Pakistan adopted a policy to repatriate Afghan refugees.
3157:
3111:
2844:
Some buildings in the old city feature carved wooden balconies.
2769:
2060:
1911:
1577:
1573:
1470:
1433:
1375:
1241:
1162:
1054:
885:. The current name is said by some to have been based upon the
828:
697:, which was among the tallest buildings in the ancient world.
523:
519:
11890:"The sacred four: The decline of Hindu holy sites in Peshawar"
11627:
9807:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 88.
1626:
fort was once the royal residence of the Durrani Afghan kings.
578:
13908:
13831:
13800:
13770:
13722:
13696:
13688:
13587:
13577:
12713:
12641:
12595:
12329:
Hargreaves, H. (1910–11): "Excavations at Shāh-jī-kī Dhērī";
12079:
11507:
10398:
9959:
Gender, Genre, and Power in South Asian Expressive Traditions
9222:"CENSUS OF INDIA, 1941 VOLUME X NORTH-WEST FRONTIER PROVINCE"
7695:
4878:(Post School) educational institutes. The most renowned are,
4807:
started working in 1981. The first private sector university
4454:
4302:
4294:
4245:
3358:
3185:
2773:
1907:
1769:—bringing the city under direct control of the Sikh Empire's
1753:
1695:
1486:
1479:
1308:
1233:
1089:
1085:
1074:
in 303 BCE. Around 300 BCE, the Greek diplomat and historian
890:
the first city in the Indian subcontinent after crossing the
882:
768:
572:
12234:"Indonesia seeking to enhance trade with Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa"
11508:"Qurtuba University of Science & Information Technology"
9065:
8975:. SOCIAL POLICY AND DEVELOPMENT CENTRE. 2016. Archived from
5026:(Qurtuba University of Science & Information Technology)
4220:
Peshawar's east–west growth axis is centred on the historic
3692:
2036:
in the 1980s, Peshawar served as a political centre for the
11353:
9310:
Edward Albert Gait, Sir; India Census Commissioner (1911).
9185:"Restoring heritage: Kabuli Gate being rebuilt in old city"
5868:"KP's new LG system: structure, powers, and voting process"
5191:
5184:
Panch Tirath – an ancient Hindu site with five sacred ponds
4706:. The museum's ancient collection features pieces from the
4594:. A ground-swell of anti-American sentiment after the 2001
3189:
3131:
3058:
Peshawar has hosted Afghan refugees since the start of the
1944:
1899:
1690:
The Capture of Peshawar took place in spring of 1758 when
1643:
1449:
1379:
977:
858:
noted that by the mid-tenth century, the city was known as
776:
563:
527:
11537:
11477:
10897:
5096:– the residence of Mazullah Khan, 17th-century Pashtu poet
4491:
Pakistan has one of the most advanced Metro (BRT) systems.
569:
11769:
11323:
11263:
11115:"Musicians in Pakistan's northwest long for better times"
10809:"Peshawar Sustainable Bus Rapid Transit Corridor Project"
10718:"Karachi-Peshawar railway line being upgraded under CPEC"
9027:
9025:
9023:
9021:
9019:
8828:
Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit (January 2006).
8243:
Chhatrapati Shivaji: The Maratha Warrior and His Campaign
8046:
A Concise History of Afghanistan in 25 Volumes, Volume 14
7365:
4487:
4184:
3560:
3211:
as their mother tongue. There was a small, but, thriving
2037:
11657:
11567:
9571:. Bureau of Statistics Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. p. 159.
9169:
Frontier Facets: Pakistan's North-West Frontier Province
8318:. New Dawn Press, Incorporated. pp. 236, 256, 260.
7731:
7729:
4425:, a tourist-oriented train that provided rail access to
1880:
in 1901 and 1913, along with several schools run by the
1469:
The interior of the Mohabbat Khan Mosque is elaborately
12380:
The Great Game: The Struggle for Empire in Central Asia
8316:
Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707–1813
7166:
7164:
5784:"Major upset for PTI as JUI-F wins Peshawar mayor seat"
5726:
5717:
5035:
Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology
1864:, and in 1906 built the Victoria Hall (now home of the
1322:
by the 11th century. The Arab historian and geographer
1303:
Islam is believed to have been first introduced to the
538:
11448:"University status for Khyber Medical College planned"
10868:
10866:
10745:
10743:
9915:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
9834:. Public Radio International. Reuters. 30 March 2017.
9016:
8970:"SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN PAKISTAN ANNUAL REVIEW 2014–15"
8909:"Sufi shrine bombed, in push to "Talibanize" Pakistan"
6907:
India & Russia: Linguistic & Cultural Affinity
6642:
2098:
occurred at Peshawar in which 100 people were killed.
1398:. Peshawar was an important regional centre under the
14007:
Populated places established in the 5th millennium BC
11994:"From bombs to trophies, cricket thrives in Peshawar"
11145:"'Pakistan's liberal Pashtuns are losing the battle'"
10103:"Historic Gurdwara in Peshawar to Reopen for Worship"
9660:"PESHAWAR: Refugee musicians keep Afghan music alive"
9279:"Census of India 1901. Vol. 1A, India. Pt. 2, Tables"
8209:
7726:
5587:
5001:
National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences
4967:(formerly Peshawar Campus of Iqra University Karachi)
4080:
City Center Road is the major trade zone in Peshawar.
3428:
1588:
himself regained control of the entire area in 1674.
1314:
As the first Pashtun tribe to settle the region, the
575:
11045:
Clarke, Michael E.; Misra, Ashutosh (1 March 2013).
11013:
10134:"Pakistan: The Embattled Sikhs in Taliban Territory"
9344:"Census of India 1921. Vol. 1, India. Pt. 2, Tables"
7568:
7566:
7564:
7236:
The Year One: Art of the Ancient World East and West
7161:
6177:
History of Ancient India: Earliest Times to 1000 A.D
1550:
Peshawar's Sunehri Mosque dates from the Mughal era.
560:
12143:"Pakistan and Qatar clash today: Olympic qualifier"
11085:"PESHAWAR: Advertisers forced to deface billboards"
10863:
10740:
10051:. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. p. 291.
9702:. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. p. 299.
8659:
Journal of the Punjab University Historical Society
6492:Behrendt, Kurt; Brancaccio, Pia (1 November 2011).
6461:
6325:
6323:
5344:Cricket is the most popular sport in Peshawar with
4795:(UOP) was established in October 1950 by the first
4386:railway that connects the city to the port city of
1817:
features several homes dating from the British era.
785:means "city" in Sanskrit. Sanskrit, written in the
566:
12502:List of cities in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa by population
11689:"Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar"
11628:"Gandhara University Peshawar Pakistan: Home Page"
11324:"The University of Agriculture, Peshawar-Pakistan"
10624:"PM inaugurates much-awaited Peshawar BRT project"
10622:Ali, Manzoor; Shinwari, Ibrahim (14 August 2020).
9996:
9805:Refugee cities: how Afghans changed urban Pakistan
9739:
9737:
9735:
9733:
9731:
8749:
8473:
8471:
8469:
8467:
7951:
7845:
7715:
7591:
6742:
6491:
5337:, which is the multi sports facilities located in
5234:– laid in 1802, by Fatteh Khan, Prime Minister of
5050:University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar
4801:University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar
3156:The primary native language spoken in Peshawar is
789:script, was the literary language employed by the
712:. The city was an important trading Centre of the
11231:
11229:
11227:
9122:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
8723:
8233:
7561:
6149:In the Wonderland of Asia, Gilgit & Baltistan
5203:Aasamai temple – near Lady Reading Hospital (LRH)
4598:contributed to the Islamist coalition's victory.
4394:. The Peshawar to Karachi route is served by the
4301:south of Peshawar provides access to the city of
2131:, which has been used as a trade route since the
736:and subsequent independence of Pakistan in 1947.
13968:
11770:"IQRA NAtional University | Peshawar, Hayatabad"
11171:"Pakistan "Taliban" bombs shops in morality bid"
10776:"Imran Khan inaugurates BRT service in Peshawar"
9745:"Fragile economy of Peshawar and policy failure"
8994:
7676:
7211:The Silk Roads: Highways of Culture and Commerce
7190:The Historical Geography and Topography of Bihar
7178:London, Cambridge University Press, 1983, p.197.
6671:variants for Peshawar; Purshawar and Purushavar.
6320:
5669:
5557:List of twin towns and sister cities in Pakistan
976:in 100 CE. It may have been named after a Hindu
69:"Peshawari" redirects here. For other uses, see
13959:Federal capital Provincial/Territorial capitals
11199:
9728:
9398:
9312:"Census of India, 1911. Vol. 1., Pt. 2, Tables"
8507:Afghanistan: A History from 1260 to the Present
8464:
8448:Afghanistan: A History from 1260 to the Present
7811:. Cambridge University Press (published 2013).
7677:Heirman, Ann; Bumbacher, Stephan Peter (2007).
6495:Gandharan Buddhism: Archaeology, Art, and Texts
6467:
6179:. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 148.
5550:
2114:, whose beginning is marked by the Khyber Gate.
724:in 1823. In 1849, the city was captured by the
13207:
11224:
11014:Tirmizi, Maria; Rizwan-ul-Haq (24 June 2007).
10473:"Pakistan's Peshawar hopes for economic boost"
9566:"Development Statistics of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa"
9370:
9368:
9338:
9336:
9305:
9303:
9273:
9271:
9240:
9238:
9216:
9214:
9212:
9210:
7871:
7869:
7524:
7522:
4259:Peshawar is to be completely encircled by the
3223:Religious groups in Peshawar City (1868−2017)
1268:visited ancient Peshawar around 630 CE, after
13477:
13193:
12786:
12496:Largest cities or towns in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
12481:
11441:
11439:
10529:"Electricity shortfall increases to 4,500 MW"
9855:
9853:
9772:
9770:
9598:"Pakistan's 10 most populous cities revealed"
9314:. Calcutta, Supt. Govt. Print., India, 1913.
8841:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
8788:"The Lonely Planet Journey: The Hippie Trail"
8648:
8646:
8644:
8642:
8640:
8638:
6424:
6422:
6168:
1591:Following Aurangzeb's death in 1707, his son
1493:. During Babur's rule, the city was known as
913:
903:
13491:
13167:List of educational institutions in Peshawar
12173:"Imran inaugurates Hayatabad Sports Complex"
10300:
10271:
9374:
8713:Papers in language and linguistics, Volume 1
8652:Rehman, Noor & Khan, Aman Ullah. 2020. "
8273:. Macmillan International Higher Education.
7204:
7202:
7176:The Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian Periods,
7014:
6916:
6301:Dictionary of World Biography: Sixth edition
6089:"Peshawar: Oldest Living City in South Asia"
5165:– the site of an ancient Buddhist university
4954:Government Superior Science College Peshawar
4909:CECOS University of IT and Emerging Sciences
4809:CECOS University of IT and Emerging Sciences
1176:monastery. After his death, the magnificent
98:
91:
59:Capital city of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
12800:
11044:
11009:
11007:
10621:
10521:
10491:
10242:
10212:
9434:
9365:
9333:
9300:
9268:
9235:
9207:
9182:
8871:
8869:
8867:
8865:
8683:"PESHAWAR: Qissa Khwani martyrs remembered"
8606:
8346:. Britannica Educational Pub. p. 198.
8239:
7866:
7804:
7751:
7749:
7747:
7745:
7743:
7741:
7519:
7042:
6977:
6975:
6973:
6971:
6969:
6967:
6859:
6776:Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan
6697:
6695:
6693:
6691:
6689:
6687:
6685:
6683:
6681:
6679:
6585:A Record of Buddhist Monasteries in Lo-Yang
6262:
6260:
4419:Peshawar was also once the terminus of the
23:
13484:
13470:
13200:
13186:
12986:University of Engineering & Technology
12793:
12779:
12488:
12474:
11851:"Remembering the Peshawar school massacre"
11436:
10986:"Religion's Defeat in Pakistan's Election"
10935:
10933:
10931:
10100:
10088:Peshawar District: Socio-political Profile
10082:
10080:
10037:
9850:
9767:
9688:
8705:
8662:. Volume: 33, No. 02, July – December 2020
8635:
8477:
8360:
8146:
8144:
8142:
8140:
8138:
8136:
8134:
8132:
8130:
8075:
7513:India's Diplomatic Relations with the East
7366:Rosenberg, Matt; Tertius Chandler (2012).
7322:
7320:
7318:
7316:
7227:
7181:
6949:
6944:second century CE (Deloche 1993, 1: 31–2).
6448:The North-West Frontier Province Year Book
6419:
6269:Apocalyptic Realm: Jihadists in South Asia
6140:
5249:– a small portion constitutes the site of
4236:between Peshawar and Islamabad, while the
1535:Peshawar was bestowed with its own set of
984:. Puruṣapura was founded near the ancient
637:
613:
109:
107:
100:
24:
11445:
11414:"RECOGNIZED MEDICAL COLLEGES IN PAKISTAN"
11206:The Indian Express: Journalism of Courage
10814:. Asian Development Bank. February 2017.
10379:
9887:
9859:
9108:
8964:
8962:
8960:
8958:
8956:
8954:
8823:
8821:
8819:
8817:
8815:
8813:
8536:All About Sikhs – your Gateway to Sikhism
8180:
8178:
8176:
8174:
8172:
7949:
7208:
7199:
7025:. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 122.
6898:
6292:
6174:
6151:. Sang-e-Meel Publications. p. 124.
4949:Government Girls Degree College, Peshawar
1821:Following the defeat of the Sikhs in the
732:, under whose rule it remained until the
13162:List of cities in Pakistan by population
12971:Post Graduate Medical Institute Peshawar
12450:) is being considered for deletion. See
11720:"Universities asked to promote research"
11200:Rumi, Raza; Manzoor Ali (30 June 2012).
11004:
10983:
10979:
10977:
10975:
10912:. Islamabad: Rug Pandits, Yasir Sheikh.
10131:
10090:. Pattan Development Organization. 2006.
9913:(1980). "Hindko in Kohat and Peshawar".
9478:DISTRICT WISE CENSUS RESULTS CENSUS 2017
9375:Mallam, G. L.; Dundas, A. D. F. (1933).
8952:
8950:
8948:
8946:
8944:
8942:
8940:
8938:
8936:
8934:
8862:
8715:. Bahri Publications. 1986. p. 50.
8417:
8413:
8411:
8409:
8407:
8339:
8309:
8307:
8042:
7906:
7900:
7877:The Cambridge History of India, Volume 3
7755:
7738:
7713:
7618:
7528:
7510:
7020:
6964:
6922:
6772:
6701:
6676:
6561:Bulletin of the Asia Institute, Volume 7
6257:
5364:between Pakistan and India in 1955. The
4744:
4736:
4676:
4486:
4333:. The M-1 motorway continues onwards to
4232:. The road is roughly paralleled by the
4203:
4075:
2127:Peshawar sits at the eastern end of the
2122:
2105:
1957:
1808:
1792:
1617:
1545:
1464:
1461:is one of Peshawar's most iconic sights.
1457:in 1630, the white-marble façade of the
1448:
1296:descent, who were then displaced by the
1283:
1124:
1053:
935:
827:and an earlier fifth-century account by
743:
685:. Peshawar served as the capital of the
32:This is an accepted version of this page
12355:The Peoples of the West from the Weilue
12331:Archaeological Survey of India, 1910–11
12267:Bibliography of the history of Peshawar
11038:
10928:
10803:
10801:
10751:Statistical Information of CAA Pakistan
10218:
10077:
10003:. Brookings Institution Press. p.
9909:
9826:
9824:
8752:Peshawar: Historic City of the Frontier
8532:"Gurudwara Bhai Joga Singh at Peshawar"
8482:. National Fund for Cultural Heritage.
8366:Third Battle of Panipat by Abhas Verma
8150:
8127:
7843:
7594:Peshawar: Historic City of the Frontier
7330:Trade And Trade Routes In Ancient India
7326:
7313:
6869:Trade And Trade Routes In Ancient India
6865:
6745:Peshawar: Historic City of the Frontier
6534:Peshawar: Historic City of the Frontier
6440:
5423:Professional sports teams from Peshawar
5277:. A portion of the park also has a Zoo.
5040:Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University
4865:Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University
3101:Languages by number of speakers in the
1512:, who began construction of the famous
1439:
14:
13969:
12231:
12137:
12135:
12034:from the original on 29 September 2017
11957:
11955:
11798:
11717:
11237:"Music returns to Pakistan's Peshawar"
10939:
10903:
10881:. Karachi, Sindh: Rug Pandits, Yasir.
10872:
10617:
10615:
10565:from the original on 20 September 2020
9949:
9802:
9590:
8875:
8837:Collective for Social Science Research
8810:
8733:. Christian Study Centre. p. 38.
8529:
8441:
8439:
8383:
8210:Alexander Mikaberidze (22 July 2011).
8169:
8081:
8043:Alikuzai, Hamid Wahed (October 2013).
8020:Peshawar: heritage, history, monuments
8017:
7978:
7805:Henry Miers, Elliot (21 March 2013) .
7572:
7233:
7187:
7105:
7082:The Generalship Of Alexander The Great
7078:
6955:
6807:. Research Society of Pakistan. 1965.
6773:Pakistan, Research Society of (1965).
6428:
6390:Peshawar: Heritage, History, Monuments
6386:
6146:
6123:Peshawar: Heritage, History, Monuments
6119:
4791:. The first public sector university,
4212:, such as this one near the suburb of
2868:
2184:Climate data for Peshawar (1991-2020)
1969:Peshawar emerged as a centre for both
1752:Much of Peshawar's caravan trade from
1685:
1355:On 28 November 1001, Sabuktigin's son
972:, on the Gandhara Plains in the broad
851:which may be a reference to Peshawar.
801:inscription that may refer to Peshawar
618:
13982:Populated places in Peshawar District
13465:
13181:
12774:
12469:
12213:from the original on 24 December 2017
12183:from the original on 24 December 2017
12153:from the original on 24 December 2017
12120:from the original on 25 December 2017
12004:from the original on 24 December 2017
11887:
11811:from the original on 22 December 2017
11780:from the original on 26 December 2018
11730:from the original on 22 December 2017
11699:from the original on 20 December 2017
11668:from the original on 20 December 2017
11578:from the original on 19 December 2017
11548:from the original on 19 December 2017
11518:from the original on 18 December 2017
11488:from the original on 24 December 2017
11458:from the original on 13 December 2017
11394:from the original on 24 December 2017
11364:from the original on 24 December 2017
11334:from the original on 24 December 2017
11274:from the original on 19 December 2017
10972:
10682:
10588:"Peshawar Mass Transit Project Brief"
10453:from the original on 11 February 2017
9994:
9955:
9629:"Pakistan Restricts Afghan. Refugees"
9627:Lorch, Donatella (16 November 1988).
9626:
9415:Pakistan Statistical Pocket Book 2006
9404:
9165:
8931:
8906:
8486:from the original on 27 February 2004
8404:
8313:
8304:
8293:
8266:
8063:from the original on 27 November 2021
7932:from the original on 31 December 2013
7798:
7647:
7471:
7276:
7274:
7272:
7270:
7268:
7266:
7264:
7262:
6981:
6904:
6848:
6298:
6059:"PAKISTAN: THE PASHTUN LOSE PATIENCE"
6029:"Peshawar, pakols and namkeen karahi"
5814:"Hayatabad jogging track set to open"
5086:Peshawar Garrison Club – situated on
4939:Government College Hayatabad Peshawar
4822:, was established in 1954 as part of
4632:
4596:United States invasion of Afghanistan
1604:Persian invasion of the Mughal Empire
1111:. Gondophares established the nearby
708:, before the arrival of a variety of
670:. Peshawar is primarily populated by
654:) is the sixth most populous city of
641:
594:
14002:Populated places along the Silk Road
12372:Draft annotated English translation.
12240:. The Express Tribune News Network.
11926:from the original on 8 December 2017
11446:Newspaper, the (21 September 2011).
11202:"The Music Doesn't Stop in Peshawar"
11147:. Deutsche Welle. 24 December 2012.
10984:Robinson, Simon (29 February 2008).
10940:Rakodi, Carole, ed. (4 April 2016).
10798:
10786:from the original on 2 December 2020
10132:Abouzeid, Rania (22 November 2010).
9995:Cohen, Stephen (21 September 2004).
9962:. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 307.
9838:from the original on 12 January 2020
9821:
9670:from the original on 9 November 2010
9657:
9191:. The Express Tribune News Network.
9176:
9116:"Peshawar Climate Normals 1991–2020"
8747:
8585:
8240:Sorokhaibam, Jeneet (January 2013).
8184:
8118:
7589:
7446:
7421:
7396:
7192:. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 198.
7128:
7106:Luniya, Bhanwarlal Nathuram (1978).
6740:
6705:Historic Cities of the Islamic World
6581:
6530:
6380:
6357:
6266:
6039:from the original on 28 October 2019
6009:from the original on 30 October 2007
6005:. Government of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa.
5995:
5907:from the original on 18 January 2022
5764:from the original on 16 October 2021
4830:while a women only Medical college,
4571:and moderate-nationalist party. The
4521:
2110:The city serves as a gateway to the
1149:, Purushapura came under control of
968:Peshawar was founded as the city of
612:
78:City in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
12966:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Judicial Academy
12382:" Kodansha Globe; Reprint edition.
12326:No. 4, Oct. 1901, pp. 322–369.
12244:from the original on 6 January 2019
12132:
12090:from the original on 6 January 2019
12060:from the original on 6 January 2019
11991:
11952:
11799:Report, Bureau (14 November 2014).
11718:Report, Bureau (15 November 2017).
11638:from the original on 1 January 2018
11212:from the original on 14 August 2013
11026:from the original on 25 August 2012
10695:from the original on 11 August 2020
10612:
10593:. Urban Policy Unit. Archived from
10555:"Transport policy: need of the day"
10423:from the original on 6 January 2019
10190:"Where Are Pakistan's Jews Hiding?"
10109:. The Outlook Group. Archived from
9875:from the original on 6 January 2019
9755:from the original on 6 January 2019
9658:Amir, Intikhab (24 December 2001).
9639:from the original on 6 January 2019
9608:from the original on 6 January 2019
9172:. National Book Foundation; Lahore.
8888:from the original on 6 January 2019
8680:
8504:
8445:
8436:
8418:Rai, Jyoti; Singh, Patwant (2008).
8270:War in the Eighteenth-Century World
8246:. Vij Books India Pvt. p. 37.
8102:from the original on 15 August 2021
7619:hastings, captain e. g. g. (1878).
7532:The Silk Road Journey With Xuanzang
7378:from the original on 5 October 2013
6958:A military history of ancient India
5933:from the original on 4 October 2018
5874:from the original on 5 January 2022
5794:from the original on 5 January 2022
5375:In 1975, the first sports complex,
5045:University of Agriculture, Peshawar
5006:Pakistan Forest Institute, Peshawar
4843:Sarhad University of Science and IT
4517:
4380:Peshawar Cantonment railway station
3205:Federally Administered Tribal Areas
1333:
1279:
914:
904:
636:
591:
417:1,257 km (485 sq mi)
92:
56:
10821:from the original on 22 March 2017
10664:from the original on 14 March 2024
10505:. 19 November 2015. Archived from
10101:Zulqernain, M (10 February 2012).
9422:from the original on 30 March 2018
9195:from the original on 27 April 2012
9146:Pakistan Meteorological Department
8878:"Of refugees, cities and cultures"
8693:from the original on 12 March 2011
8592:. Mohammad Asif Khan. p. 15.
8542:from the original on 25 April 2013
8390:. Atlantic Publishers & Dist.
7985:. Atlantic Publishers & Dist.
7280:
7259:
7149:from the original on 14 April 2021
6702:Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (2007).
6224:
5399:, Gymnasium, Board Games section,
5136:(formerly the "Hastings Memorial")
4965:Iqra National University, Peshawar
4961:(Institute of Management Sciences)
4904:Agricultural University (Peshawar)
4605:coalition in 2002, though Islamic
4505:bus terminal is located along the
4371:via the M-1 and Hazara Motorways.
4348:, while a new motorway network to
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3265:
3053:
3048:largest city in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
2863:
2135:era approximately 2,000 years ago.
1385:
1088:in the modern-day Indian state of
955:
854:The Arab historian and geographer
201:Location within Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
57:
14028:
12454:to help reach a consensus. ›
12422:
11973:from the original on 29 July 2017
11900:from the original on 24 June 2013
11686:
11243:from the original on 6 April 2017
11151:from the original on 7 April 2017
11125:from the original on 7 April 2017
11095:from the original on 7 April 2017
11065:from the original on 7 March 2022
10992:from the original on 7 April 2017
10960:from the original on 7 March 2022
10904:Sheikh, Yasir (9 February 2013).
10873:Sheikh, Yasir (5 November 2012).
10724:. 22 January 2016. Archived from
10535:from the original on 18 July 2020
10479:from the original on 7 April 2017
10361:from the original on 7 April 2017
10335:from the original on 7 April 2017
10200:from the original on 4 March 2021
10065:from the original on 7 March 2022
9976:from the original on 7 March 2022
9784:from the original on 5 April 2017
9778:"Fearing and fleeing in Pakistan"
9716:from the original on 7 March 2022
9516:from the original on 6 April 2017
8850:from the original on 5 April 2017
8798:from the original on 15 June 2017
8267:Black, Jeremy (7 December 2012).
8082:Hanifi, Shah (11 February 2011).
7999:from the original on 7 March 2022
7825:from the original on 7 March 2022
7776:from the original on 7 March 2022
7658:from the original on 7 March 2022
7629:from the original on 7 March 2022
7549:from the original on 7 March 2022
7492:from the original on 7 March 2022
7347:from the original on 7 March 2022
7301:from the original on 7 March 2022
7129:Tarn, William Woodthorpe (2010).
7021:Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra (1977).
7002:from the original on 7 March 2022
6886:from the original on 7 March 2022
6811:from the original on 7 March 2022
6783:from the original on 7 March 2022
6722:from the original on 7 March 2022
6630:from the original on 7 March 2022
6602:from the original on 7 March 2022
6582:Yang, Hsüan-chih (14 July 2014).
6541:from the original on 7 March 2022
6512:from the original on 7 March 2022
6407:from the original on 7 March 2022
6368:from the original on 7 March 2022
6245:from the original on 7 March 2022
4851:City University of Science and IT
4721:
4694:was founded in 1907 in memory of
4512:
4468:
4194:
1613:
1560:Mohabbat Khan bin Ali Mardan Khan
1455:Mohabbat Khan bin Ali Mardan Khan
1187:Around 260 CE, the armies of the
1049:
14012:5th-millennium BC establishments
13253:
13152:List of Universities in Peshawar
13002:Bacha Khan International Airport
12589:
12579:
12552:
12542:
12428:
12225:
12195:
12165:
12102:
12072:
12046:
12016:
11985:
11938:
11912:
11881:
11869:
11843:
11792:
11762:
11711:
11680:
11650:
11620:
11590:
11560:
11530:
11500:
11470:
11406:
11376:
11346:
11316:
11286:
11255:
11193:
11163:
11137:
11107:
11077:
10916:from the original on 30 May 2015
10885:from the original on 30 May 2015
10833:
10768:
10710:
10676:
10646:
10634:from the original on 12 May 2021
10580:
10547:
10465:
10435:
10373:
10347:
10321:
10182:
10156:
10125:
10094:
10031:
9988:
9903:
9796:
9682:
9651:
9620:
9578:from the original on 9 July 2017
9558:
9528:
9510:"Peshawar District Demographics"
9502:
9470:
9451:. 3 January 2018. Archived from
9159:
9134:
8919:from the original on 31 May 2014
8900:
8876:HAIDER, MURTAZA (20 June 2012).
8780:
8741:
8674:
8665:
8579:
8153:The Making of Modern Afghanistan
7511:Saletore, Bhasker Anand (1960).
6209:British Broadcasting Corporation
6175:Chaurasia, Radhey Shyam (2002).
5900:Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
5898:Department of Local Government,
5754:"Peshawar – The city of flowers"
5707:
5697:
5687:
5678:
5597:
5570:
4847:Fast University, Peshawar Campus
4826:. The first Medical University,
4813:Institute of Management Sciences
4755:List of universities in Peshawar
4525:
4495:
4439:Bacha Khan International Airport
4354:China Pakistan Economic Corridor
4297:. The 1.9 km (1.2 mi)
4177:China Pakistan Economic Corridor
4136:China Pakistan Economic Corridor
3940:
3937:
3934:
3931:
3928:
3925:
3922:
3919:
3916:
3913:
3910:
3907:
3904:
3901:
3898:
3895:
3889:
3880:
3877:
3874:
3871:
3868:
3865:
3838:
3835:
3832:
3829:
3823:
3814:
3811:
3784:
3781:
3772:
3769:
3766:
3763:
3757:
3748:
3745:
3706:
3703:
3700:
3697:
3691:
3682:
3679:
3676:
3673:
3670:
3667:
3634:
3631:
3625:
3616:
3613:
3559:
3508:
3505:
3493:
3427:
3361:
2837:
2825:
2816:A view of old Peshawar's famous
2809:
2751:Source 1: NOAA (sun, 1961-1990)
1994:opened fire on the demonstrators
1862:Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria
1504:Under the reign of Babur's son,
1444:
1359:decisively defeated the army of
1348:invaded the area and fought the
1264:. The Chinese monk and traveler
1120:
898:, lists the city's name as both
728:and subsequently became part of
556:
409:215 km (83 sq mi)
306:
286:
221:
220:
213:
188:
187:
180:
131:
12260:
12232:Farooq, Umer (6 January 2012).
11261:
9183:Manzoor Ali (29 January 2012).
8554:
8523:
8509:. Reaktion Books. p. 208.
8498:
8450:. Reaktion Books. p. 188.
8377:
8333:
8287:
8260:
8203:
8124:Caroe, Olaf (1957) The Pathans.
8036:
8011:
7972:
7943:
7883:
7837:
7788:
7707:
7670:
7641:
7612:
7583:
7504:
7465:
7440:
7415:
7390:
7368:"Top 10 Cities of the Year 100"
7359:
7188:Pandey, Mithila Sharan (1963).
7132:The Greeks in Bactria and India
7122:
7099:
7072:
6956:Sandhu, Gurcharn Singh (2000).
6842:
6823:
6795:
6766:
6734:
6614:
6575:
6553:
6524:
6485:
6351:
6218:
6197:
6113:
6101:from the original on 8 May 2021
6081:
6051:
6021:
5818:The Express Tribune (newspaper)
5352:, which is located adjacent to
5273:Bagh e Naran – A large park in
4853:were established in 2001 while
4805:Agriculture University Peshawar
2849:
1630:In 1747, Peshawar was taken by
1095:As Mauryan power declined, the
700:Peshawar was then ruled by the
13997:Metropolitan areas of Pakistan
11177:. 13 June 2007. Archived from
10683:Ahmad, Imtiaz (10 June 2016).
10475:. Al Jazeera. 4 January 2015.
10413:"CPEC-inspired economic zones"
9635:. The New York Times Company.
9536:"About Peshawar: Demographics"
9076:"RAINFALL STATEMENT JULY-2010"
7762:. Cambridge University Press.
7172:The Cambridge History of Iran,
7135:. Cambridge University Press.
6588:. Princeton University Press.
6147:Baloch, Sikandar Khan (2004).
5974:
5945:
5919:
5886:
5870:. SAMAA TV. 17 December 2021.
5860:
5832:
5806:
5790:. Pakistan. 21 December 2021.
5776:
5746:
5419:are also popular in Peshawar.
5360:, which hosted the first ever
4803:was established in 1980 while
4352:is being built as part of the
4244:, with onwards connections to
4159:
3064:Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
2078:in 2013, and most notably the
1840:The British laid out the vast
1788:
1729:
1654:and India by British explorer
1367:, and established rule of the
1070:, the region was ceded to the
877:The city began to be known as
779:(king) named Purush; the word
204:Show map of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
13:
1:
13121:Pakistan Tennis Club Peshawar
12439:
11878:Page 141 published by Penguin
10308:"Final Results (Census-2017)"
9449:Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
9004:. Al Jazeera. 31 January 2023
8907:Felix, Qaiser (3 June 2009).
8088:. Stanford University Press.
7722:. Edinburgh University Press.
6905:Rishi, Weer Rajendra (1982).
5989:Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
5739:
5482:National One-day Championship
5258:– A park on GT Road opposite
5062:2014 Peshawar school massacre
4900:(Abasyn University, Peshawar)
4741:Museum of Peshawar University
4718:, and Indo-Scythian periods.
4403:Khushhal Khan Khattak Express
4392:Peshawar City railway station
4146:
3088:war against radical Islamists
3040:
2118:
2080:2014 Peshawar school massacre
2048:groups based in the camps of
1999:
1638:. Under the reign of his son
1528:, founder of the egalitarian
1210:
999:
963:
464:22,000/km (57,000/sq mi)
13987:Cities in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
13157:List of people from Peshawar
13126:Tehmas Khan Football Stadium
12864:North-West Frontier Province
12436:travel guide from Wikivoyage
11888:Ahmad, Riaz (19 June 2013).
10757:, updated on 14 March 2016.
10531:. Dunya News. 29 June 2015.
9956:Mills, Margaret Ann (1994).
9780:. Al Jazeera. 5 March 2014.
9666:. DAWN Group of Newspapers.
8756:. Sang-e-Meel Publications.
8586:Khan, Mohammad Asif (2007).
7651:Chinese History: Middle ages
7598:. Sang-e-Meel Publications.
7478:. Motilal Banarsidass Publ.
6852:Book on The Pathans – 550 BC
6749:. Sang-e-Meel Publications.
6565:Wayne State University Press
6393:. Sang-e-Meel Publications.
6126:. Sang-e-Meel Publications.
5652:2020 Peshawar school bombing
5551:Twin towns and sister cities
5379:was built in Peshawar while
5142:– built in 1900 and called "
5067:
4986:Khyber Girls Medical College
4857:was inaugurated in 2002 and
4832:Khyber Girls Medical College
4732:
4728:List of people from Peshawar
4308:
2763:
2101:
1886:North-West Frontier Province
1352:under their king, Anandpal.
1145:In the first century of the
1018:invasion of the Indus Valley
902:, transcribed in Persian as
739:
716:before becoming part of the
7:
13501:Islamabad Capital Territory
13047:Peshawar-Torkham Expressway
13042:Peshawar-Islamabad Motorway
13037:Peshawar Cantonment station
12941:Government College Peshawar
11239:. Al Jazeera. 26 May 2016.
10331:. World Bank. 23 May 2014.
8478:Javed, Asghar (1999–2004).
8314:Mehta, Jaswant Lal (2005).
7954:A Brief History of Pakistan
6960:. Vision Books. p. 24.
6830:"Journal of Central Asia".
6474:. Clarendon Press. p.
6471:Imperial Gazetteer of India
6431:An Introduction to Peshawar
5647:2014 Peshawar school attack
5583:
5368:represents the city in the
5015:Sardar Begum Dental College
5003:, Peshawar Campus (NU-FAST)
4944:Government College Peshawar
4557:
4128:
3174:
3093:
2657:Average precipitation days
2443:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
2303:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
2042:Inter-Services Intelligence
1931:. Despite Muslim and Hindu
1252:In 520 CE the Chinese monk
942:ancient Indian subcontinent
862:. The name was noted to be
831:records the city's name as
797:a name found in an ancient
10:
14033:
12946:Islamia College University
12578:
12541:
12499:
12264:
12080:"Peshawar Zalmi Home page"
10140:. Time Inc. Archived from
8748:Dani, Ahmad Hasan (1995).
8340:Pletcher, Kenneth (2010).
8185:Dani, Ahmad Hasan (2003).
7852:. Mason Crest Publishers.
7844:Aykroyd, Clarissa (2005).
7756:Richards, John F. (1995).
7590:Dani, Ahmad Hasan (1995).
7472:Ahmad, Hasan Dani (1999).
7240:Metropolitan Museum of Art
7209:Elisseeff, Vadime (1998).
7110:. Lakshmi Narain Agarwal.
7050:"NWFP in search of a name"
6741:Dani, Ahmad Hasan (1995).
6531:Dani, Ahmad Hasan (1969).
6303:. ANU Press. p. 469.
5554:
4971:Islamia College University
4888:Islamia College University
4797:Prime Minister of Pakistan
4752:
4725:
4685:
4643:
4437:Peshawar is served by the
4321:by the 155 kilometre long
4224:that connects Peshawar to
4106:Peshawar was noted by the
4071:
3198:Partition of British India
2755:
2750:
2183:
2147:
2143:
2063:have been targeted by the
1416:, ancestors of modern-day
1363:, son of Anandpal, at the
1337:
925:
921:
734:Partition of British India
433:450 m (1,480 ft)
425:331 m (1,086 ft)
143:Islamia College University
99:
71:Peshawari (disambiguation)
68:
61:
13957:
13933:
13889:
13850:
13756:
13687:
13518:
13499:
13445:
13287:
13262:
13251:
13230:
13216:
13144:
13098:
13055:
13022:Peshawar Circular Railway
12994:
12976:University of Agriculture
12961:Khyber Medical University
12928:
12892:
12809:
12665:Dera Ismail Khan District
12510:
12149:. Pakistan. 6 June 2007.
11992:AFP (17 September 2015).
11020:The News on Sunday Instep
10841:"Daewoo Express Peshawar"
10380:IBP, Inc. (1 June 2015).
9927:10.1017/S0041977X00137401
9664:DAWN The Internet Edition
9100:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
9057:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
8687:DAWN The Internet Edition
8422:. Peter Owen Publishers.
8018:Nadiem, Ihsan H. (2007).
7950:Wynbrandt, James (2009).
7897:. Retrieved 29 March 2017
7234:Abrams, Harry N. (2000).
6387:Nadiem, Ihsan H. (2007).
6120:Nadiem, Ihsan H. (2007).
5530:Geo Super Football League
5525:
5500:
5471:
5446:
5441:
5438:
5435:
5432:
5429:
5324:
5171:– the site of the famous
4996:Khyber Medical University
4929:Frontier Women University
4871:was established in 2012.
4834:was established in 2007.
4828:Khyber Medical University
4811:was established in 1986.
4586:A plurality of voters in
4313:Peshawar is connected to
4305:along the Indus Highway.
4274:in the Chinese region of
3258:
3255:
3252:
3249:
3246:
3243:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3227:
3028:
2881:—
2784:be seen in areas such as
2703:
2656:
2582:
2512:
2442:
2372:
2302:
2232:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2092:Shiite mosque in the city
1941:Dargah Pir Ratan Nath Jee
1543:, which no longer exist.
1340:Battle of Peshawar (1001)
894:. Akbar's bibliographer,
761:
533:
515:
505:
495:
478:
468:
460:
450:
442:
437:
429:
421:
413:
405:
400:
389:
382: • Commissioner
381:
366:
356:
346:
341:
331:
319:
299:
281:
246:
174:
166:
130:
121:
108:
83:
64:Peshawar (disambiguation)
13493:Major cities in Pakistan
13131:Peshawar Gymkhana Ground
13116:Hayatabad Sports Complex
12951:Jinnah College for Women
12905:City District Government
12452:templates for discussion
12360:23 December 2017 at the
11264:"University of Peshawar"
10219:(India), Punjab (1868).
9166:Tahir, M. Athar (2007).
8374:Bharatiya Kala Prakashan
8294:Gupta, Hari Ram (1961).
8216:. Abc-Clio. p. 43.
7529:Wriggins, Sally (2008).
7424:Buddhism in Central Asia
7422:Puri, Baij Nath (1987).
7333:. Abhinav Publications.
6923:Heitzman, James (2008).
6872:. Abhinav Publications.
5662:
5381:Hayatabad Sports Complex
5350:Peshawar Gymkhana Ground
5190:– sacred site for Hindu
5009:Peshawar Medical College
4976:Jinnah College for Women
4884:Islamia College Peshawar
4869:IQRA National University
4648:
4627:Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf
3219:, Jews left for Israel.
3169:Hindko-speaking minority
2017:operation to spy on the
1634:, founder of the Afghan
1371:in the Peshawar region.
1020:, as well as the nearby
1004:In the winter of 327–26
234:Location within Pakistan
39:latest accepted revision
10026:peshawar hindko pashto.
9896:Languages of South Asia
9033:"Peshawar Climate Data"
7718:The Ghaznavids 994–1040
7714:Bosworth, C.E. (1963).
7648:Zhang, Guiyong (1978).
7426:. Motilal Banarsidass.
7079:Fuller, J.F.C. (2004).
6982:Samad, Rafi U. (2011).
6832:Journal of Central Asia
6205:The Listener, Volume 39
5964:Oxford University Press
4603:Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal
4390:and passes through the
4374:
4199:
3196:to India following the
1923:and a dancing boy from
1835:Sepoy Rebellion of 1857
1661:Timur Shah's grandson,
1489:captured Peshawar from
1247:the "terrestrial world"
13427:Shamshato Refugee Camp
12981:University of Peshawar
12956:Khyber Medical College
11268:University of Peshawar
10355:"Digital Youth Summit"
10045:, eds. (24 May 2016).
9803:Alimia, Sanaa (2022).
9696:, eds. (24 May 2016).
9542:. 2012. Archived from
9142:"Extremes of Peshawar"
8775:peshawar independence.
8538:. Gateway to Sikhism.
8530:Qaiser, Iqbal (2012).
8505:Lee, Jonathan (2019).
8446:Lee, Jonathan (2019).
8384:Sharma, S. R. (1999).
7679:The Spread of Buddhism
7573:Cotton, James (1908).
7327:Chandra, Moti (1977).
7281:Le, Huu Phuoc (2010).
6925:The City in South Asia
6866:Chandra, Moti (1977).
6654:asc-centralasia.edu.pk
6452:Government of Pakistan
6429:Jaffar, S. M. (1952).
6225:Le, Huu Phuoc (2010).
5140:Cunningham clock tower
5055:University of Peshawar
5030:Rehman Medical College
4991:Khyber Medical College
4981:Jinnah Medical College
4924:Forward Degree College
4824:University of Peshawar
4820:Khyber Medical College
4793:University of Peshawar
4750:
4742:
4682:
4625:In 2013, the centrist
4573:Pakistan Peoples Party
4492:
4432:
4217:
4140:special economic zones
4081:
3033:Census of India (1921)
2136:
2115:
2074:targeted the historic
2010:University of Peshawar
1966:
1860:in celebration of the
1858:Cunningham clock tower
1818:
1806:
1803:Indo-Saracenic Revival
1627:
1558:'s Governor of Kabul,
1551:
1485:In July 1526, Emperor
1474:
1462:
1289:
1232:. In the 400s CE, the
1207:in the early 400s CE.
1142:
1097:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
1063:
952:
896:Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak
881:by the era of Emperor
807:Chinese Buddhist monk
753:
750:Panjab Digital Library
430:Highest elevation
147:Cunningham Clock Tower
13032:Peshawar City station
12353:Hill, John E. 2004. "
12350:." 2nd Draft Edition.
12336:Hill, John E. 2003. "
11602:cityuniversity.edu.pk
10761:26 March 2016 at the
8681:APP (24 April 2008).
8480:"History of Peshawar"
7979:Sharma, S.R. (1999).
7625:. Oxford University.
7515:. Popular Book Depot.
7284:Buddhist Architecture
6988:. Algora Publishing.
6909:. Roma Publications.
6537:. Khyber Mail Press.
6299:Jones, Barry (2019).
6273:Yale University Press
6228:Buddhist Architecture
5960:UK English Dictionary
5929:. citypopulation.de.
5453:Pakistan Super League
5370:Pakistan Super League
5293:Qasim Ali Khan Mosque
5012:Kabir Medical College
4748:
4740:
4680:
4490:
4207:
4079:
2855:Historical population
2156:hot semi-arid climate
2126:
2109:
1961:
1851:demarcated the border
1827:Second Anglo-Sikh War
1812:
1796:
1773:. An 1835 attempt by
1720:Jassa Singh Ahluwalia
1714:and Sikh alliance of
1706:and Jahan Khan. When
1694:in alliance with the
1646:invasion. Peshawar's
1621:
1549:
1468:
1452:
1338:Further information:
1287:
1128:
1109:Indo-Parthian Kingdom
1057:
939:
747:
266:34.01444°N 71.56750°E
13992:Capitals of Pakistan
13289:Towns & councils
12301:27 June 2020 at the
12209:. 24 December 2010.
10561:. 13 February 2017.
10419:. 28 December 2015.
9999:The Idea of Pakistan
9911:Shackle, Christopher
9405:Elahi, Asad (2006).
8689:. DAWN Media Group.
8343:The History of India
8297:Marathas and Panipat
8151:Hopkins, B. (2008).
7879:. CUP Archive. 1928.
7447:Wink, Andre (2002).
7397:Wink, Andre (2002).
6855:. Macmillan Company.
6849:Caroe, Olaf (1957).
6567:. 1994. p. 55.
6454:. 1954. p. 47.
6267:Hiro, Dilip (2012).
6211:. 1948. p. 27.
5526:Tribe F.C. Peshawar
5507:Super Kabaddi League
5358:Peshawar Club Ground
5288:Mohabbat Khan Mosque
5267:– A Park located in
5107:Former residence of
4749:FAST Peshawar Campus
4671:Operation Zarb-e-Azb
4615:Awami National Party
4565:Awami National Party
4463:United Arab Emirates
4170:Operation Zarb-e-Azb
4117:7 April 2017 at the
4112:Digital Youth Summit
3150: Others (1.46%)
2818:Qissa Khawani Bazaar
2798:Qissa Khawani Bazaar
2233:Record high °C (°F)
2088:Operation Zarb-e-Azb
1823:First Anglo-Sikh War
1564:Mohabbat Khan Mosque
1539:during the reign of
1459:Mohabbat Khan Mosque
1440:Early modern history
1288:Clock Tower Peshawar
1117:monastery in 46 CE.
1068:Seleucid–Mauryan war
932:Timeline of Peshawar
769:Mughal Emperor Akbar
693:and was home to the
461: • Density
237:Show map of Pakistan
13382:Mohalla Jam-e-shifa
13090:Qissa Khwani Bazaar
12683:Abbottabad District
12346:6 June 2011 at the
12238:The Express Tribune
12207:The Express Tribune
12028:The Express Tribune
11948:. 22 December 2022.
11894:The Express Tribune
11658:"Abasyn University"
11608:on 25 December 2017
11538:"Sarhad University"
10660:. 5 December 2015.
10509:on 22 December 2015
9869:The Washington Post
9189:The Express Tribune
8794:. 5 November 2011.
6003:"NWFP Introduction"
5894:"District Peshawar"
5517:Tehmas Khan Stadium
5478:National T20 League
5389:Field Hockey ground
5339:Peshawar Cantonment
5100:Qissa Khwani Bazaar
4934:Gandhara University
4855:Gandhara University
4789:Management Sciences
4655:Pakistani's Taliban
4443:Peshawar Cantonment
4422:Khyber train safari
3224:
3182:Ahmadiyya Community
2856:
2513:Record low °C (°F)
2373:Daily mean °C (°F)
2150:Climate of Peshawar
1991:British Indian Army
1842:Peshawar Cantonment
1825:in 1845–46 and the
1692:Maratha Confederacy
1686:Maratha Confederacy
1667:Shah Shujah Durrani
1663:Mahmud Shah Durrani
1084:, near the city of
1010:Alexander the Great
992:, near present-day
928:History of Peshawar
689:during the rule of
643:[pɪˈʃɑːʋər]
392:Deputy Commissioner
361:District government
262: /
159:Mahabat Khan Mosque
139:Clockwise from top:
29:Page version status
14017:Cities in Pakistan
13758:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
13244:provincial capital
13208:Neighbourhoods of
13136:Peshawar Golf Club
13106:Arbab Niaz Stadium
13027:Peshawar Ring Road
12900:Mayors of Peshawar
12879:Abdul Ghaffar Khan
12854:Ahmed Shah Durrani
12834:Indo-Greek Kingdom
12394:Moorcroft, William
11857:. 16 December 2015
11835:has generic name (
11754:has generic name (
11304:on 2 December 2017
11298:uetpeshawar.edu.pk
10782:. 14 August 2020.
10449:. 4 January 2017.
10144:on 6 December 2010
10039:Hock, Hans Henrich
9690:Hock, Hans Henrich
9633:The New York Times
7213:. Berghahn Books.
7060:on 31 January 2016
6069:on 28 October 2019
5848:. 19 December 2023
5492:Arbab Niaz Stadium
5463:Arbab Niaz Stadium
5354:Arbab Niaz Stadium
5346:Arbab Niaz Stadium
5331:Arbab Niaz Stadium
5251:Arbab Niaz Stadium
5129:Colonial monuments
5090:Road near the Mall
5024:Qurtuba University
5019:Preston University
4839:Qurtuba University
4751:
4743:
4704:Greco-Buddhist art
4683:
4633:Municipal services
4588:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
4537:. You can help by
4493:
4261:Peshawar Ring Road
4218:
4166:War in Afghanistan
4082:
3222:
3184:live in Peshawar.
3046:Pakistan. and the
3031:Macrotrends (2021)
2854:
2168:Peshawar is not a
2137:
2116:
2006:partition of India
1967:
1856:The British built
1831:East India Company
1819:
1807:
1775:Dost Muhammad Khan
1743:Battle of Nowshera
1704:Timur Shah Durrani
1680:Battle of Nowshera
1632:Ahmad Shah Durrani
1628:
1602:armies during the
1552:
1526:Bayazid Pir Roshan
1475:
1463:
1365:Battle of Peshawar
1290:
1274:Theravada Buddhism
1143:
1064:
1030:Seleucus I Nicator
1014:Valley of Peshawar
974:Valley of Peshawar
953:
771:from its old name
754:
726:East India Company
704:, followed by the
668:Valley of Peshawar
662:, where it is the
660:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
596:[peˈχəwər]
414: • Metro
314:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
271:34.01444; 71.56750
149:, Sunehri Mosque,
35:
13964:
13963:
13459:
13458:
13449:Peshawar District
13312:Bela Baramad Khel
13277:Peshawar Town III
13224:Peshawar District
13220:Peshawar Division
13218:Administrations:
13175:
13174:
13075:Peshawari chappal
12920:Peshawar District
12884:Soviet–Afghan War
12874:Pakistan Movement
12869:Khudai Khidmatgar
12768:
12767:
12763:
12762:
12737:Nowshera District
12701:Mansehra District
12572:Peshawar District
12333:, pp. 25–32.
12292:Dani, Ahmad Hasan
11424:on 19 August 2010
11388:imsciences.edu.pk
11121:. 15 March 2008.
11058:978-1-136-63934-0
10953:978-1-134-91247-6
10851:on 5 January 2017
10728:on 10 August 2017
10658:Business Recorder
10391:978-1-5145-2747-4
10287:saoa.crl.25057657
10258:saoa.crl.25057656
10229:saoa.crl.25057644
10107:Outlook India.com
10058:978-3-11-042330-3
10014:978-0-8157-9761-6
9863:(19 March 2017).
9861:Constable, Pamela
9814:978-1-5128-2279-3
9709:978-3-11-042330-3
9490:on 29 August 2017
9385:saoa.crl.25793233
9352:saoa.crl.25394121
9320:saoa.crl.25393779
9287:saoa.crl.25352838
9255:saoa.crl.25318666
8622:saoa.crl.25430163
8599:978-3-8175-0408-4
8516:978-1-78914-010-1
8457:978-1-78914-010-1
8429:978-0-7206-1371-1
8397:978-81-7156-817-8
8353:978-1-61530-122-5
8325:978-1-932705-54-6
8280:978-0-230-37000-5
8162:978-0-230-22876-4
8095:978-0-8047-7777-3
8056:978-1-4907-1441-7
7965:978-0-8160-6184-6
7925:978-0-521-56603-2
7916:The Mughal Empire
7908:Richards, John F.
7859:978-1-59084-839-5
7818:978-1-108-05587-1
7769:978-0-521-56603-2
7759:The Mughal Empire
7654:. China Academy.
7542:978-0-7867-2544-1
7458:978-0-391-04174-5
7408:978-0-391-04173-8
7294:978-0-9844043-0-8
7249:978-0-87099-961-1
7220:978-1-57181-222-3
7142:978-1-108-00941-6
7092:978-0-306-81330-6
7085:. Da Capo Press.
6995:978-0-87586-859-2
6938:978-1-134-28962-2
6626:. Brill Archive.
6595:978-1-4008-5754-8
6505:978-0-7748-4128-3
6400:978-969-35-1971-6
6310:978-1-76046-287-1
6282:978-0-300-17378-9
6238:978-0-9844043-0-8
6133:978-969-35-1971-6
5820:. 2 December 2023
5642:Khudai Khidmatgar
5612:Peshawari chappal
5548:
5547:
5473:Peshawar Panthers
5109:Prithviraj Kapoor
5094:Kotla Mohsin Khan
4898:Abasyn University
4876:further education
4859:Abasyn University
4620:Pakistani Taliban
4555:
4554:
4441:, located in the
4268:Karakoram Highway
4099:, and ₨66,359 in
4069:
4068:
4011:Total population
3103:Peshawar district
3072:Pashto literature
3038:
3037:
2790:Kotla Mohsin Khan
2760:
2759:
2076:All Saints Church
2065:Pakistani Taliban
2034:Soviet–Afghan War
2023:1960 U-2 incident
1933:community leaders
1724:Tukoji Rao Holkar
1712:Malhar Rao Holkar
1656:William Moorcroft
1428:tribe pushed the
1153:, founder of the
1133:once kept sacred
1107:, founder of the
1032:, founder of the
620:[pɪˈʃɔːɾ]
549:
548:
451: • Rank
443: • City
406: • City
357: • Body
347: • Type
326:Peshawar District
47:20 September 2024
26:
16:(Redirected from
14024:
13935:Gilgit-Baltistan
13486:
13479:
13472:
13463:
13462:
13280:Peshawar Town IV
13274:Peshawar Town II
13257:
13256:
13202:
13195:
13188:
13179:
13178:
13080:Peshawari turban
13007:Grand Trunk Road
12936:Edwardes College
12844:Grand Trunk Road
12795:
12788:
12781:
12772:
12771:
12660:Dera Ismail Khan
12593:
12583:
12556:
12546:
12513:
12512:
12490:
12483:
12476:
12467:
12466:
12432:
12254:
12253:
12251:
12249:
12229:
12223:
12222:
12220:
12218:
12199:
12193:
12192:
12190:
12188:
12169:
12163:
12162:
12160:
12158:
12139:
12130:
12129:
12127:
12125:
12116:. 29 June 2016.
12106:
12100:
12099:
12097:
12095:
12076:
12070:
12069:
12067:
12065:
12056:. ESPNcricinfo.
12050:
12044:
12043:
12041:
12039:
12030:. 11 July 2016.
12020:
12014:
12013:
12011:
12009:
11989:
11983:
11982:
11980:
11978:
11969:. 12 July 2016.
11959:
11950:
11949:
11942:
11936:
11935:
11933:
11931:
11922:. ESPNcricinfo.
11916:
11910:
11909:
11907:
11905:
11885:
11879:
11873:
11867:
11866:
11864:
11862:
11847:
11841:
11840:
11834:
11830:
11828:
11820:
11818:
11816:
11796:
11790:
11789:
11787:
11785:
11766:
11760:
11759:
11753:
11749:
11747:
11739:
11737:
11735:
11715:
11709:
11708:
11706:
11704:
11684:
11678:
11677:
11675:
11673:
11654:
11648:
11647:
11645:
11643:
11624:
11618:
11617:
11615:
11613:
11604:. Archived from
11594:
11588:
11587:
11585:
11583:
11564:
11558:
11557:
11555:
11553:
11534:
11528:
11527:
11525:
11523:
11504:
11498:
11497:
11495:
11493:
11474:
11468:
11467:
11465:
11463:
11443:
11434:
11433:
11431:
11429:
11420:. Archived from
11410:
11404:
11403:
11401:
11399:
11380:
11374:
11373:
11371:
11369:
11350:
11344:
11343:
11341:
11339:
11320:
11314:
11313:
11311:
11309:
11300:. Archived from
11290:
11284:
11283:
11281:
11279:
11259:
11253:
11252:
11250:
11248:
11233:
11222:
11221:
11219:
11217:
11197:
11191:
11190:
11188:
11186:
11167:
11161:
11160:
11158:
11156:
11141:
11135:
11134:
11132:
11130:
11111:
11105:
11104:
11102:
11100:
11081:
11075:
11074:
11072:
11070:
11042:
11036:
11035:
11033:
11031:
11011:
11002:
11001:
10999:
10997:
10981:
10970:
10969:
10967:
10965:
10937:
10926:
10925:
10923:
10921:
10901:
10895:
10894:
10892:
10890:
10870:
10861:
10860:
10858:
10856:
10847:. Archived from
10837:
10831:
10830:
10828:
10826:
10820:
10813:
10805:
10796:
10795:
10793:
10791:
10772:
10766:
10747:
10738:
10737:
10735:
10733:
10714:
10708:
10707:
10702:
10700:
10680:
10674:
10673:
10671:
10669:
10650:
10644:
10643:
10641:
10639:
10619:
10610:
10609:
10607:
10605:
10600:on 1 August 2014
10599:
10592:
10584:
10578:
10577:
10572:
10570:
10551:
10545:
10544:
10542:
10540:
10525:
10519:
10518:
10516:
10514:
10495:
10489:
10488:
10486:
10484:
10469:
10463:
10462:
10460:
10458:
10439:
10433:
10432:
10430:
10428:
10409:
10396:
10395:
10377:
10371:
10370:
10368:
10366:
10351:
10345:
10344:
10342:
10340:
10325:
10319:
10318:
10316:
10314:
10304:
10298:
10297:
10295:
10293:
10275:
10269:
10268:
10266:
10264:
10246:
10240:
10239:
10237:
10235:
10216:
10210:
10209:
10207:
10205:
10196:. 4 April 2013.
10186:
10180:
10179:
10177:
10175:
10170:on 11 April 2013
10166:. Archived from
10160:
10154:
10153:
10151:
10149:
10129:
10123:
10122:
10120:
10118:
10113:on 25 April 2013
10098:
10092:
10091:
10084:
10075:
10074:
10072:
10070:
10035:
10029:
10028:
10023:
10021:
10002:
9992:
9986:
9985:
9983:
9981:
9953:
9947:
9946:
9907:
9901:
9900:
9891:
9885:
9884:
9882:
9880:
9857:
9848:
9847:
9845:
9843:
9828:
9819:
9818:
9800:
9794:
9793:
9791:
9789:
9774:
9765:
9764:
9762:
9760:
9751:. 20 July 2016.
9741:
9726:
9725:
9723:
9721:
9686:
9680:
9679:
9677:
9675:
9655:
9649:
9648:
9646:
9644:
9624:
9618:
9617:
9615:
9613:
9594:
9588:
9587:
9585:
9583:
9577:
9570:
9562:
9556:
9555:
9553:
9551:
9532:
9526:
9525:
9523:
9521:
9506:
9500:
9499:
9497:
9495:
9489:
9482:
9474:
9468:
9467:
9465:
9463:
9457:
9446:
9438:
9432:
9431:
9429:
9427:
9411:
9402:
9396:
9395:
9393:
9391:
9372:
9363:
9362:
9360:
9358:
9340:
9331:
9330:
9328:
9326:
9307:
9298:
9297:
9295:
9293:
9275:
9266:
9265:
9263:
9261:
9242:
9233:
9232:
9230:
9228:
9218:
9205:
9204:
9202:
9200:
9180:
9174:
9173:
9163:
9157:
9156:
9154:
9152:
9138:
9132:
9131:
9129:
9127:
9112:
9106:
9105:
9099:
9091:
9089:
9087:
9072:
9063:
9062:
9056:
9048:
9046:
9044:
9029:
9014:
9013:
9011:
9009:
8998:
8992:
8991:
8989:
8987:
8981:
8974:
8966:
8929:
8928:
8926:
8924:
8904:
8898:
8897:
8895:
8893:
8873:
8860:
8859:
8857:
8855:
8849:
8834:
8825:
8808:
8807:
8805:
8803:
8784:
8778:
8777:
8772:
8770:
8755:
8745:
8739:
8738:
8727:
8721:
8720:
8709:
8703:
8702:
8700:
8698:
8678:
8672:
8669:
8663:
8650:
8633:
8632:
8630:
8628:
8610:
8604:
8603:
8583:
8577:
8574:
8568:
8558:
8552:
8551:
8549:
8547:
8527:
8521:
8520:
8502:
8496:
8495:
8493:
8491:
8475:
8462:
8461:
8443:
8434:
8433:
8415:
8402:
8401:
8381:
8375:
8364:
8358:
8357:
8337:
8331:
8329:
8311:
8302:
8301:
8291:
8285:
8284:
8264:
8258:
8257:
8237:
8231:
8230:
8207:
8201:
8200:
8182:
8167:
8166:
8148:
8125:
8122:
8116:
8115:
8109:
8107:
8079:
8073:
8072:
8070:
8068:
8040:
8034:
8033:
8015:
8009:
8008:
8006:
8004:
7976:
7970:
7969:
7957:
7947:
7941:
7940:
7939:
7937:
7904:
7898:
7887:
7881:
7880:
7873:
7864:
7863:
7851:
7841:
7835:
7834:
7832:
7830:
7802:
7796:
7792:
7786:
7785:
7783:
7781:
7753:
7736:
7733:
7724:
7723:
7721:
7711:
7705:
7702:
7693:
7692:
7674:
7668:
7667:
7665:
7663:
7645:
7639:
7638:
7636:
7634:
7616:
7610:
7609:
7597:
7587:
7581:
7580:
7570:
7559:
7558:
7556:
7554:
7526:
7517:
7516:
7508:
7502:
7501:
7499:
7497:
7469:
7463:
7462:
7444:
7438:
7437:
7419:
7413:
7412:
7394:
7388:
7387:
7385:
7383:
7363:
7357:
7356:
7354:
7352:
7324:
7311:
7310:
7308:
7306:
7278:
7257:
7256:
7231:
7225:
7224:
7206:
7197:
7196:
7185:
7179:
7168:
7159:
7158:
7156:
7154:
7126:
7120:
7119:
7103:
7097:
7096:
7076:
7070:
7069:
7067:
7065:
7056:. Archived from
7046:
7040:
7039:
7018:
7012:
7011:
7009:
7007:
6979:
6962:
6961:
6953:
6947:
6946:
6920:
6914:
6913:
6902:
6896:
6895:
6893:
6891:
6863:
6857:
6856:
6846:
6840:
6839:
6827:
6821:
6820:
6818:
6816:
6799:
6793:
6792:
6790:
6788:
6770:
6764:
6763:
6748:
6738:
6732:
6731:
6729:
6727:
6699:
6674:
6673:
6667:
6665:
6656:. Archived from
6646:
6640:
6639:
6637:
6635:
6618:
6612:
6611:
6609:
6607:
6579:
6573:
6572:
6557:
6551:
6550:
6548:
6546:
6528:
6522:
6521:
6519:
6517:
6489:
6483:
6482:
6465:
6459:
6458:
6444:
6438:
6437:
6426:
6417:
6416:
6414:
6412:
6384:
6378:
6377:
6375:
6373:
6355:
6349:
6348:
6346:
6344:
6327:
6318:
6317:
6296:
6290:
6289:
6264:
6255:
6254:
6252:
6250:
6222:
6216:
6215:
6201:
6195:
6194:
6172:
6166:
6165:
6144:
6138:
6137:
6117:
6111:
6110:
6108:
6106:
6085:
6079:
6078:
6076:
6074:
6065:. Archived from
6063:a2globalrisk.com
6055:
6049:
6048:
6046:
6044:
6025:
6019:
6018:
6016:
6014:
5999:
5993:
5992:
5986:
5982:"2023 Census KP"
5978:
5972:
5971:
5966:. Archived from
5949:
5943:
5942:
5940:
5938:
5923:
5917:
5916:
5914:
5912:
5890:
5884:
5883:
5881:
5879:
5864:
5858:
5857:
5855:
5853:
5836:
5830:
5829:
5827:
5825:
5810:
5804:
5803:
5801:
5799:
5780:
5774:
5773:
5771:
5769:
5760:. 2 March 2018.
5750:
5733:
5730:
5724:
5721:
5715:
5711:
5705:
5701:
5695:
5691:
5685:
5682:
5676:
5673:
5617:Peshawari turban
5602:
5601:
5600:
5593:
5575:
5574:
5502:Peshawar Haiders
5427:
5426:
5236:Shah Mahmud Khan
5082:Governor's House
4919:Edwardes College
4880:Edwardes College
4769:General Sciences
4592:Pervez Musharraf
4577:socialist agenda
4550:
4547:
4529:
4522:
4518:Civic government
4291:Dera Ismail Khan
4222:Grand Trunk Road
3893:
3827:
3761:
3695:
3629:
3563:
3497:
3431:
3365:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3267:
3225:
3221:
3149:
3139:
3129:
3119:
3109:
3060:Afghan civil war
2870:
2865:
2857:
2853:
2841:
2829:
2813:
2660:
2181:
2180:
2096:terrorist attack
2057:Tehrik-i-Taliban
1985:, a disciple of
1963:Edwardes College
1874:Edwardes College
1801:was built in an
1797:The British-era
1783:Hari Singh Nalwa
1767:Hari Singh Nalwa
1747:Alexander Burnes
1671:Bala Hissar fort
1648:Bala Hissar Fort
1537:Shalimar Gardens
1530:Roshani movement
1514:Grand Trunk Road
1491:Daulat Khan Lodi
1369:Ghaznavid Empire
1334:Ghaznavid empire
1280:Medieval history
1205:Kidarite kingdom
1151:Kujula Kadphises
1099:based in modern
988:capital city of
948:capital city of
917:
916:
907:
906:
763:
683:ancient Gāndhāra
653:
652:
651:
645:
640:
639:
630:
629:
628:
622:
616:
615:
606:
605:
604:
598:
593:
585:
584:
581:
580:
577:
574:
571:
568:
565:
562:
545:
542:
540:
312:
310:
309:
292:
290:
289:
277:
276:
274:
273:
272:
267:
263:
260:
259:
258:
255:
238:
224:
223:
217:
205:
191:
190:
184:
135:
113:
112:
111:
104:
103:
102:
95:
94:
81:
80:
21:
14032:
14031:
14027:
14026:
14025:
14023:
14022:
14021:
13967:
13966:
13965:
13960:
13953:
13929:
13885:
13846:
13752:
13683:
13609:Mandi Bahauddin
13553:Dera Ghazi Khan
13514:
13495:
13490:
13460:
13455:
13441:
13283:
13271:Peshawar Town I
13258:
13254:
13249:
13226:
13212:
13206:
13176:
13171:
13140:
13094:
13070:American Market
13065:Afghan refugees
13057:
13051:
12990:
12924:
12888:
12805:
12799:
12769:
12764:
12611:Mardan District
12594:
12588:
12584:
12557:
12551:
12547:
12506:
12505:
12504:
12497:
12494:
12455:
12425:
12420:
12398:Trebeck, George
12362:Wayback Machine
12348:Wayback Machine
12303:Wayback Machine
12269:
12263:
12258:
12257:
12247:
12245:
12230:
12226:
12216:
12214:
12201:
12200:
12196:
12186:
12184:
12171:
12170:
12166:
12156:
12154:
12141:
12140:
12133:
12123:
12121:
12108:
12107:
12103:
12093:
12091:
12078:
12077:
12073:
12063:
12061:
12052:
12051:
12047:
12037:
12035:
12022:
12021:
12017:
12007:
12005:
11990:
11986:
11976:
11974:
11961:
11960:
11953:
11944:
11943:
11939:
11929:
11927:
11918:
11917:
11913:
11903:
11901:
11886:
11882:
11874:
11870:
11860:
11858:
11849:
11848:
11844:
11832:
11831:
11822:
11821:
11814:
11812:
11797:
11793:
11783:
11781:
11768:
11767:
11763:
11751:
11750:
11741:
11740:
11733:
11731:
11716:
11712:
11702:
11700:
11685:
11681:
11671:
11669:
11656:
11655:
11651:
11641:
11639:
11632:gandhara.edu.pk
11626:
11625:
11621:
11611:
11609:
11596:
11595:
11591:
11581:
11579:
11566:
11565:
11561:
11551:
11549:
11536:
11535:
11531:
11521:
11519:
11506:
11505:
11501:
11491:
11489:
11476:
11475:
11471:
11461:
11459:
11444:
11437:
11427:
11425:
11412:
11411:
11407:
11397:
11395:
11382:
11381:
11377:
11367:
11365:
11352:
11351:
11347:
11337:
11335:
11322:
11321:
11317:
11307:
11305:
11292:
11291:
11287:
11277:
11275:
11260:
11256:
11246:
11244:
11235:
11234:
11225:
11215:
11213:
11198:
11194:
11184:
11182:
11181:on 7 April 2017
11169:
11168:
11164:
11154:
11152:
11143:
11142:
11138:
11128:
11126:
11113:
11112:
11108:
11098:
11096:
11083:
11082:
11078:
11068:
11066:
11059:
11043:
11039:
11029:
11027:
11012:
11005:
10995:
10993:
10982:
10973:
10963:
10961:
10954:
10938:
10929:
10919:
10917:
10902:
10898:
10888:
10886:
10871:
10864:
10854:
10852:
10839:
10838:
10834:
10824:
10822:
10818:
10811:
10807:
10806:
10799:
10789:
10787:
10774:
10773:
10769:
10763:Wayback Machine
10748:
10741:
10731:
10729:
10716:
10715:
10711:
10698:
10696:
10689:Hindustan Times
10681:
10677:
10667:
10665:
10652:
10651:
10647:
10637:
10635:
10620:
10613:
10603:
10601:
10597:
10590:
10586:
10585:
10581:
10568:
10566:
10553:
10552:
10548:
10538:
10536:
10527:
10526:
10522:
10512:
10510:
10497:
10496:
10492:
10482:
10480:
10471:
10470:
10466:
10456:
10454:
10441:
10440:
10436:
10426:
10424:
10411:
10410:
10399:
10392:
10378:
10374:
10364:
10362:
10353:
10352:
10348:
10338:
10336:
10327:
10326:
10322:
10312:
10310:
10306:
10305:
10301:
10291:
10289:
10277:
10276:
10272:
10262:
10260:
10248:
10247:
10243:
10233:
10231:
10217:
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10203:
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10194:Tablet Magazine
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9596:
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9581:
9579:
9575:
9568:
9564:
9563:
9559:
9549:
9547:
9546:on 2 April 2015
9534:
9533:
9529:
9519:
9517:
9512:. Govt of KPK.
9508:
9507:
9503:
9493:
9491:
9487:
9480:
9476:
9475:
9471:
9461:
9459:
9458:on 12 June 2018
9455:
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9435:
9425:
9423:
9409:
9407:"2: Population"
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8995:
8985:
8983:
8982:on 5 April 2020
8979:
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8922:
8920:
8915:. AsiaNews CF.
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8891:
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8801:
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8792:The Independent
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8080:
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8022:. Sang-e-Meel.
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7550:
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7535:. Basic Books.
7527:
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7242:. p. 133.
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7054:pakhtunkhwa.com
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6663:
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6660:on 19 July 2019
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6433:. S.M.S. Khan.
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6097:. 3 July 2010.
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5970:on 18 May 2021.
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5327:
5305:Peshawar Museum
5241:Ali Mardan Khan
5169:Shahji ki Dheri
5122:Bala Hisar Fort
5070:
4757:
4735:
4730:
4724:
4692:Peshawar Museum
4688:
4681:Peshawar Museum
4651:
4646:
4635:
4560:
4551:
4545:
4542:
4535:needs expansion
4520:
4515:
4498:
4482:Karkhano Market
4471:
4435:
4377:
4361:Hazara Motorway
4337:as part of the
4311:
4202:
4197:
4162:
4149:
4131:
4123:digital economy
4119:Wayback Machine
4074:
3231:
3217:State of Israel
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3054:Afghan refugees
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2059:. Local poets'
2050:Afghan refugees
2002:
1902:coincided with
1882:Anglican Church
1878:Islamia College
1868:) in memory of
1866:Peshawar Museum
1847:Mortimer Durand
1799:Islamia College
1791:
1759:Paolo Avitabile
1732:
1722:left Peshawar,
1698:, defeated the
1688:
1682:in March 1823.
1616:
1447:
1442:
1404:Delhi Sultanate
1388:
1386:Delhi sultanate
1342:
1336:
1282:
1213:
1199:Kushan Emperor
1139:Kanishka casket
1123:
1052:
1034:Seleucid Empire
1002:
966:
958:
956:Ancient history
934:
926:Main articles:
924:
813:Po-la-sha-pu-lo
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385:Muhammad Zubair
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12804:related topics
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12719:Swabi District
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12647:Kohat District
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12500:Main article:
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12423:External links
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12376:Hopkirk, Peter
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12084:Peshawar Zalmi
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11512:qurtuba.edu.pk
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11091:. 3 May 2006.
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10910:rugpundits.com
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10879:rugpundits.com
10862:
10845:Daewoo Express
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8565:Soldier Sahibs
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5666:
5664:
5661:
5660:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5607:
5606:
5585:
5582:
5581:
5580:
5555:Main article:
5552:
5549:
5546:
5545:
5542:
5540:Qayyum Stadium
5537:
5532:
5527:
5523:
5522:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5498:
5497:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5475:
5469:
5468:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5448:Peshawar Zalmi
5444:
5443:
5440:
5437:
5434:
5431:
5425:
5424:
5377:Qayyum Stadium
5366:Peshawar Zalmi
5335:Qayyum Stadium
5326:
5323:
5322:
5321:
5320:
5319:
5309:
5308:
5307:
5297:
5296:
5295:
5290:
5280:
5279:
5278:
5271:
5262:
5260:Balahisar fort
5253:
5244:
5238:
5229:
5219:
5218:
5217:
5214:Sikh Gurudwara
5206:
5205:
5204:
5201:
5194:
5185:
5177:
5176:
5175:
5173:Kanishka stupa
5166:
5163:Pashto Academy
5160:
5149:
5148:
5147:
5137:
5126:
5125:
5124:
5114:
5113:
5112:
5111:– famous actor
5102:
5097:
5091:
5084:
5069:
5066:
5058:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5021:
5016:
5013:
5010:
5007:
5004:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4962:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4753:Main article:
4734:
4731:
4726:Main article:
4723:
4722:Notable people
4720:
4696:Queen Victoria
4687:
4684:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4634:
4631:
4559:
4556:
4553:
4552:
4532:
4530:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4513:Administration
4511:
4503:Daewoo Express
4497:
4494:
4470:
4469:Public transit
4467:
4434:
4431:
4376:
4373:
4310:
4307:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4195:Transportation
4193:
4161:
4158:
4148:
4145:
4130:
4127:
4073:
4070:
4067:
4066:
4063:
4060:
4057:
4054:
4051:
4048:
4045:
4042:
4039:
4036:
4033:
4030:
4027:
4024:
4021:
4018:
4015:
4012:
4008:
4007:
4004:
4001:
3998:
3995:
3992:
3989:
3986:
3983:
3980:
3977:
3974:
3971:
3968:
3965:
3962:
3959:
3956:
3953:
3949:
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3942:
3939:
3936:
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3930:
3927:
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3918:
3915:
3912:
3909:
3906:
3903:
3900:
3897:
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3883:
3882:
3879:
3876:
3873:
3870:
3867:
3864:
3861:
3858:
3855:
3852:
3849:
3846:
3843:
3840:
3837:
3834:
3831:
3828:
3817:
3816:
3813:
3810:
3807:
3804:
3801:
3798:
3795:
3792:
3789:
3786:
3783:
3780:
3777:
3774:
3771:
3768:
3765:
3762:
3751:
3750:
3747:
3744:
3741:
3738:
3735:
3732:
3729:
3726:
3723:
3720:
3717:
3714:
3711:
3708:
3705:
3702:
3699:
3696:
3689:Zoroastrianism
3685:
3684:
3681:
3678:
3675:
3672:
3669:
3666:
3663:
3660:
3657:
3654:
3651:
3648:
3645:
3642:
3639:
3636:
3633:
3630:
3619:
3618:
3615:
3612:
3609:
3606:
3603:
3600:
3597:
3594:
3591:
3588:
3585:
3582:
3579:
3576:
3573:
3570:
3567:
3564:
3553:
3552:
3549:
3546:
3543:
3540:
3537:
3534:
3531:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3519:
3516:
3513:
3510:
3507:
3504:
3501:
3498:
3487:
3486:
3483:
3480:
3477:
3474:
3471:
3468:
3465:
3462:
3459:
3456:
3453:
3450:
3447:
3444:
3441:
3438:
3435:
3432:
3421:
3420:
3417:
3414:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3402:
3399:
3396:
3393:
3390:
3387:
3384:
3381:
3378:
3375:
3372:
3369:
3366:
3355:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3261:
3260:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3236:
3233:
3176:
3173:
3146:
3136:
3126:
3116:
3106:
3099:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3055:
3052:
3042:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3026:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3015:
3014:
3011:
3008:
3004:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2993:
2992:
2989:
2986:
2982:
2981:
2978:
2975:
2971:
2970:
2967:
2964:
2960:
2959:
2956:
2953:
2949:
2948:
2945:
2942:
2938:
2937:
2934:
2931:
2927:
2926:
2923:
2920:
2916:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2905:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2894:
2893:
2890:
2887:
2883:
2882:
2879:
2876:
2872:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2846:
2843:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2824:
2822:
2815:
2808:
2786:Sethi Mohallah
2765:
2762:
2758:
2757:
2756:Source 2: PMD
2753:
2752:
2748:
2747:
2744:
2741:
2738:
2735:
2732:
2729:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2706:sunshine hours
2701:
2700:
2697:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2685:
2682:
2679:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2654:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2510:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2440:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2370:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2300:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2230:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2186:
2185:
2179:
2148:Main article:
2145:
2142:
2120:
2117:
2103:
2100:
2001:
1998:
1987:Mahatma Gandhi
1949:tribal regions
1892:Communal riots
1870:Queen Victoria
1815:Sethi Mohallah
1790:
1787:
1781:were built by
1731:
1728:
1700:Durrani Empire
1687:
1684:
1636:Durrani Empire
1615:
1614:Durrani Empire
1612:
1593:Bahadur Shah I
1510:Sher Shah Suri
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1392:Muhammad Ghori
1387:
1384:
1335:
1332:
1281:
1278:
1221:Kanishka stupa
1212:
1209:
1178:Kanishka stupa
1137:relics in the
1131:Kanishka stupa
1122:
1119:
1072:Mauryan Empire
1066:Following the
1051:
1050:Mauryan empire
1048:
1001:
998:
965:
962:
957:
954:
923:
920:
741:
738:
718:Durrani Empire
710:Muslim empires
695:Kanishka Stupa
547:
546:
535:
531:
530:
517:
513:
512:
509:
503:
502:
499:
497:
493:
492:
482:
476:
475:
472:
466:
465:
462:
458:
457:
452:
448:
447:
444:
440:
439:
435:
434:
431:
427:
426:
423:
419:
418:
415:
411:
410:
407:
403:
402:
398:
397:
394:
387:
386:
383:
379:
378:
371:
364:
363:
358:
354:
353:
348:
344:
343:
339:
338:
335:
333:Union councils
329:
328:
323:
317:
316:
303:
297:
296:
283:
279:
278:
244:
243:
233:
227:
226:
219:
218:
212:
211:
210:
209:
200:
194:
193:
186:
185:
179:
178:
177:
176:
175:
172:
171:
168:
164:
163:
137:
136:
128:
127:
122:
119:
118:
115:
114:
105:
96:
88:
87:
84:
77:
58:
36:
30:
27:
25:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
14029:
14018:
14015:
14013:
14010:
14008:
14005:
14003:
14000:
13998:
13995:
13993:
13990:
13988:
13985:
13983:
13980:
13978:
13975:
13974:
13972:
13956:
13950:
13947:
13944:
13941:
13940:
13938:
13936:
13932:
13926:
13923:
13920:
13917:
13915:
13912:
13910:
13907:
13905:
13902:
13900:
13897:
13896:
13894:
13892:
13888:
13882:
13879:
13876:
13873:
13871:
13868:
13866:
13863:
13861:
13858:
13857:
13855:
13853:
13849:
13843:
13840:
13838:
13835:
13833:
13830:
13828:
13825:
13822:
13819:
13817:
13814:
13812:
13809:
13807:
13804:
13802:
13799:
13797:
13794:
13792:
13789:
13787:
13784:
13782:
13779:
13777:
13774:
13772:
13769:
13767:
13764:
13763:
13761:
13759:
13755:
13749:
13746:
13744:
13741:
13739:
13736:
13734:
13731:
13729:
13726:
13724:
13721:
13719:
13716:
13713:
13710:
13708:
13705:
13703:
13700:
13698:
13695:
13694:
13692:
13690:
13686:
13680:
13677:
13675:
13672:
13670:
13667:
13665:
13662:
13660:
13657:
13655:
13652:
13650:
13647:
13645:
13642:
13640:
13637:
13635:
13632:
13630:
13627:
13625:
13622:
13620:
13617:
13615:
13612:
13610:
13607:
13604:
13601:
13599:
13596:
13594:
13591:
13589:
13586:
13584:
13581:
13579:
13576:
13574:
13571:
13569:
13566:
13564:
13561:
13559:
13556:
13554:
13551:
13549:
13546:
13544:
13541:
13539:
13536:
13534:
13531:
13529:
13526:
13525:
13523:
13521:
13517:
13510:
13507:
13506:
13504:
13502:
13498:
13494:
13487:
13482:
13480:
13475:
13473:
13468:
13467:
13464:
13454:
13450:
13444:
13438:
13435:
13433:
13430:
13428:
13425:
13423:
13420:
13418:
13415:
13413:
13410:
13408:
13405:
13403:
13400:
13398:
13395:
13393:
13390:
13388:
13385:
13383:
13380:
13378:
13375:
13373:
13370:
13368:
13365:
13363:
13360:
13358:
13355:
13353:
13350:
13348:
13345:
13343:
13340:
13338:
13335:
13333:
13330:
13328:
13325:
13323:
13320:
13318:
13317:Chaghar Matti
13315:
13313:
13310:
13308:
13305:
13303:
13300:
13298:
13295:
13294:
13292:
13290:
13286:
13279:
13276:
13273:
13270:
13269:
13267:
13265:
13261:
13245:
13241:
13238:
13237:
13235:
13233:
13229:
13225:
13221:
13215:
13211:
13203:
13198:
13196:
13191:
13189:
13184:
13183:
13180:
13168:
13165:
13163:
13160:
13158:
13155:
13153:
13150:
13149:
13147:
13143:
13137:
13134:
13132:
13129:
13127:
13124:
13122:
13119:
13117:
13114:
13112:
13109:
13107:
13104:
13103:
13101:
13097:
13091:
13088:
13086:
13083:
13081:
13078:
13076:
13073:
13071:
13068:
13066:
13063:
13062:
13060:
13054:
13048:
13045:
13043:
13040:
13038:
13035:
13033:
13030:
13028:
13025:
13023:
13020:
13018:
13017:TransPeshawar
13015:
13013:
13010:
13008:
13005:
13003:
13000:
12999:
12997:
12993:
12987:
12984:
12982:
12979:
12977:
12974:
12972:
12969:
12967:
12964:
12962:
12959:
12957:
12954:
12952:
12949:
12947:
12944:
12942:
12939:
12937:
12934:
12933:
12931:
12927:
12921:
12918:
12916:
12913:
12911:
12908:
12906:
12903:
12901:
12898:
12897:
12895:
12891:
12885:
12882:
12880:
12877:
12875:
12872:
12870:
12867:
12865:
12862:
12860:
12857:
12855:
12852:
12850:
12849:Mughal Empire
12847:
12845:
12842:
12840:
12839:Kushan Empire
12837:
12835:
12832:
12830:
12829:Maurya Empire
12827:
12825:
12822:
12820:
12817:
12816:
12814:
12812:
12808:
12803:
12796:
12791:
12789:
12784:
12782:
12777:
12776:
12773:
12758:
12756:
12755:Swat District
12753:
12751:
12748:
12745:
12744:
12740:
12738:
12735:
12733:
12730:
12727:
12726:
12722:
12720:
12717:
12715:
12712:
12709:
12708:
12704:
12702:
12699:
12697:
12694:
12691:
12690:
12686:
12684:
12681:
12679:
12676:
12673:
12672:
12668:
12666:
12663:
12661:
12658:
12655:
12654:
12650:
12648:
12645:
12643:
12640:
12637:
12636:
12632:
12630:
12629:Swat District
12627:
12625:
12622:
12619:
12618:
12614:
12612:
12609:
12607:
12604:
12601:
12600:
12597:
12592:
12587:
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12575:
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12560:
12555:
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12530:
12527:
12525:
12522:
12520:
12517:
12515:
12514:
12509:
12503:
12491:
12486:
12484:
12479:
12477:
12472:
12471:
12468:
12462:
12458:
12453:
12449:
12448:
12443:
12438:
12435:
12431:
12427:
12426:
12416:
12413:
12410:
12409:0-671-60539-9
12406:
12402:
12399:
12395:
12392:
12389:
12388:1-56836-022-3
12385:
12381:
12377:
12374:
12371:
12367:
12363:
12359:
12356:
12352:
12349:
12345:
12342:
12341:
12335:
12332:
12328:
12325:
12321:
12318:
12315:
12312:
12311:969-35-0554-9
12308:
12304:
12300:
12297:
12293:
12290:
12286:
12283:
12280:
12279:0-86356-438-0
12276:
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12268:
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12212:
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12115:
12111:
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12081:
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12055:
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12033:
12029:
12025:
12019:
12003:
11999:
11995:
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11958:
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11771:
11765:
11757:
11745:
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11725:
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11714:
11698:
11694:
11690:
11683:
11667:
11663:
11662:abasyn.edu.pk
11659:
11653:
11637:
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11623:
11607:
11603:
11599:
11593:
11577:
11573:
11572:pwr.nu.edu.pk
11569:
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11409:
11393:
11389:
11385:
11379:
11363:
11359:
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11051:. Routledge.
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10946:. Routledge.
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9921:(3): 496–97.
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8300:. p. 94.
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7374:. About.com.
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6498:. UBC Press.
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5105:Kapoor Haveli
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4533:This section
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4496:Intercity bus
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3199:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3172:
3170:
3165:
3163:
3159:
3143:
3133:
3123:
3113:
3105:
3104:
3091:
3089:
3084:
3081:
3075:
3073:
3068:
3065:
3061:
3051:
3049:
3034:
3027:
3023:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3012:
3009:
3006:
3005:
3001:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2990:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2979:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2968:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2957:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2946:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2935:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2924:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2913:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2902:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2891:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2880:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2867:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2840:
2835:
2828:
2823:
2819:
2812:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2801:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2775:
2772:, Multan and
2771:
2754:
2749:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:Mean monthly
2702:
2698:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2655:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2586:
2585:precipitation
2581:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2511:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2441:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2371:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2301:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2231:
2187:
2182:
2178:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2157:
2151:
2141:
2134:
2130:
2125:
2113:
2108:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2030:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2011:
2007:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1954:
1953:Maro Hindu Ko
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1913:
1909:
1906:, the annual
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1854:
1852:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1816:
1811:
1804:
1800:
1795:
1786:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1771:Lahore Durbar
1768:
1763:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1727:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1659:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1625:
1620:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1596:
1594:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1548:
1544:
1542:
1538:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1483:
1481:
1472:
1467:
1460:
1456:
1451:
1445:Mughal empire
1437:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1361:Raja Jayapala
1358:
1357:Mahmud Ghazni
1353:
1351:
1347:
1341:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1286:
1277:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1174:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1155:Kushan Empire
1152:
1148:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1127:
1121:Kushan empire
1118:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1082:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1061:
1056:
1047:
1045:
1044:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
997:
995:
991:
987:
983:
982:ancient India
979:
975:
971:
961:
951:
947:
943:
938:
933:
929:
919:
911:
901:
897:
893:
888:
884:
880:
875:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
852:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
805:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
783:
778:
774:
770:
766:
759:
751:
746:
737:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
714:Mughal Empire
711:
707:
703:
698:
696:
692:
688:
687:Kushan Empire
684:
680:
675:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
650:
644:
634:
627:
621:
610:
603:
597:
589:
583:
553:
544:
536:
532:
529:
525:
521:
518:
514:
510:
508:
504:
498:
494:
490:
486:
483:
481:
477:
473:
471:
467:
463:
459:
456:
455:6th, Pakistan
453:
449:
445:
441:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
399:
395:
393:
390: •
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
370:
367: •
365:
362:
359:
355:
352:
351:Mayor–council
349:
345:
340:
336:
334:
330:
327:
324:
322:
318:
315:
304:
302:
298:
295:
284:
280:
275:
247:Coordinates:
245:
216:
183:
173:
165:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
141:
134:
129:
125:
120:
106:
97:
90:
89:
82:
76:
72:
65:
48:
44:
40:
33:
28:
19:
13919:Muzaffarabad
13891:Azad Kashmir
13820:
13432:Surizai Bala
13377:Mohabat Khel
13342:Gor Khuttree
13327:Choughalpura
13243:
13239:
13209:
13145:Other topics
12801:
12566:
12548:
12445:
12369:
12365:
12339:
12330:
12323:
12261:Bibliography
12246:. Retrieved
12237:
12227:
12215:. Retrieved
12206:
12197:
12185:. Retrieved
12176:
12167:
12155:. Retrieved
12146:
12122:. Retrieved
12113:
12104:
12092:. Retrieved
12083:
12074:
12062:. Retrieved
12048:
12036:. Retrieved
12027:
12018:
12006:. Retrieved
12000:. Pakistan.
11997:
11987:
11975:. Retrieved
11967:radiotnn.com
11966:
11940:
11928:. Retrieved
11914:
11902:. Retrieved
11893:
11883:
11871:
11859:. Retrieved
11845:
11833:|first=
11813:. Retrieved
11807:. Pakistan.
11804:
11794:
11782:. Retrieved
11773:
11764:
11752:|first=
11732:. Retrieved
11726:. Pakistan.
11723:
11713:
11701:. Retrieved
11693:sbbwu.edu.pk
11692:
11687:SBBWU, ITC.
11682:
11670:. Retrieved
11661:
11652:
11640:. Retrieved
11631:
11622:
11610:. Retrieved
11606:the original
11601:
11592:
11580:. Retrieved
11571:
11562:
11550:. Retrieved
11541:
11532:
11520:. Retrieved
11511:
11502:
11490:. Retrieved
11481:
11472:
11460:. Retrieved
11454:. Pakistan.
11451:
11426:. Retrieved
11422:the original
11417:
11408:
11396:. Retrieved
11387:
11384:"IMSciences"
11378:
11366:. Retrieved
11358:cecos.edu.pk
11357:
11348:
11336:. Retrieved
11327:
11318:
11306:. Retrieved
11302:the original
11297:
11288:
11276:. Retrieved
11267:
11257:
11245:. Retrieved
11214:. Retrieved
11205:
11195:
11183:. Retrieved
11179:the original
11174:
11165:
11153:. Retrieved
11139:
11127:. Retrieved
11118:
11109:
11097:. Retrieved
11088:
11079:
11067:. Retrieved
11047:
11040:
11028:. Retrieved
11019:
10994:. Retrieved
10962:. Retrieved
10942:
10918:. Retrieved
10909:
10899:
10887:. Retrieved
10878:
10853:. Retrieved
10849:the original
10844:
10835:
10823:. Retrieved
10788:. Retrieved
10779:
10770:
10755:CAA Pakistan
10730:. Retrieved
10726:the original
10721:
10712:
10704:
10697:. Retrieved
10688:
10678:
10666:. Retrieved
10657:
10648:
10636:. Retrieved
10630:. Pakistan.
10627:
10602:. Retrieved
10595:the original
10582:
10574:
10567:. Retrieved
10558:
10549:
10537:. Retrieved
10523:
10511:. Retrieved
10507:the original
10502:
10493:
10481:. Retrieved
10467:
10455:. Retrieved
10446:
10437:
10425:. Retrieved
10416:
10381:
10375:
10363:. Retrieved
10349:
10337:. Retrieved
10323:
10311:. Retrieved
10302:
10290:. Retrieved
10273:
10261:. Retrieved
10244:
10232:. Retrieved
10214:
10202:. Retrieved
10193:
10184:
10172:. Retrieved
10168:the original
10158:
10146:. Retrieved
10142:the original
10137:
10127:
10115:. Retrieved
10111:the original
10106:
10096:
10087:
10067:. Retrieved
10047:
10033:
10025:
10018:. Retrieved
9998:
9990:
9978:. Retrieved
9958:
9951:
9918:
9914:
9905:
9895:
9889:
9877:. Retrieved
9868:
9840:. Retrieved
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9798:
9786:. Retrieved
9757:. Retrieved
9748:
9718:. Retrieved
9698:
9684:
9672:. Retrieved
9663:
9653:
9641:. Retrieved
9632:
9622:
9610:. Retrieved
9592:
9580:. Retrieved
9560:
9548:. Retrieved
9544:the original
9539:
9530:
9518:. Retrieved
9504:
9492:. Retrieved
9485:the original
9472:
9460:. Retrieved
9453:the original
9436:
9424:. Retrieved
9414:
9400:
9388:. Retrieved
9355:. Retrieved
9323:. Retrieved
9290:. Retrieved
9258:. Retrieved
9225:. Retrieved
9197:. Retrieved
9188:
9178:
9168:
9161:
9149:. Retrieved
9136:
9126:17 September
9124:. Retrieved
9119:
9110:
9084:. Retrieved
9079:
9041:. Retrieved
9036:
9006:. Retrieved
8996:
8984:. Retrieved
8977:the original
8921:. Retrieved
8912:
8902:
8890:. Retrieved
8881:
8852:. Retrieved
8836:
8800:. Retrieved
8791:
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8767:. Retrieved
8751:
8743:
8734:
8730:
8725:
8716:
8712:
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8686:
8676:
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8657:
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8608:
8588:
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8572:
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8556:
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8535:
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8447:
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8242:
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8212:
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8186:
8155:. Springer.
8152:
8120:
8111:
8104:. Retrieved
8084:
8077:
8065:. Retrieved
8049:. Trafford.
8045:
8038:
8019:
8013:
8001:. Retrieved
7981:
7974:
7958:. Infobase.
7953:
7945:
7934:, retrieved
7915:
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7839:
7827:. Retrieved
7807:
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7790:
7778:. Retrieved
7758:
7717:
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7660:. Retrieved
7650:
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7631:. Retrieved
7621:
7614:
7593:
7585:
7579:. Clarendon.
7575:
7551:. Retrieved
7531:
7512:
7506:
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7474:
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7442:
7423:
7417:
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7392:
7380:. Retrieved
7371:
7361:
7349:. Retrieved
7329:
7303:. Retrieved
7287:. Grafikol.
7283:
7253:
7235:
7229:
7210:
7193:
7189:
7183:
7175:
7171:
7151:. Retrieved
7131:
7124:
7107:
7101:
7081:
7074:
7062:. Retrieved
7058:the original
7053:
7044:
7036:
7022:
7016:
7004:. Retrieved
6984:
6957:
6951:
6942:
6924:
6918:
6910:
6906:
6900:
6888:. Retrieved
6868:
6861:
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6835:
6831:
6825:
6813:. Retrieved
6803:
6797:
6785:. Retrieved
6775:
6768:
6760:
6744:
6736:
6724:. Retrieved
6704:
6669:
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6658:the original
6653:
6644:
6632:. Retrieved
6622:
6616:
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6584:
6577:
6568:
6560:
6555:
6543:. Retrieved
6533:
6526:
6514:. Retrieved
6494:
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6455:
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6430:
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6389:
6382:
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6360:
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6331:
6314:
6300:
6294:
6286:
6268:
6247:. Retrieved
6231:. Grafikol.
6227:
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6199:
6190:
6176:
6170:
6162:
6148:
6142:
6122:
6115:
6103:. Retrieved
6092:
6083:
6071:. Retrieved
6067:the original
6062:
6053:
6041:. Retrieved
6032:
6023:
6011:. Retrieved
5997:
5988:
5976:
5968:the original
5956:
5947:
5935:. Retrieved
5921:
5909:. Retrieved
5897:
5888:
5876:. Retrieved
5862:
5850:. Retrieved
5843:
5834:
5822:. Retrieved
5817:
5808:
5796:. Retrieved
5787:
5778:
5766:. Retrieved
5757:
5748:
5728:
5719:
5709:
5699:
5689:
5680:
5671:
5657:Chapli Kabab
5561:Peshawar is
5560:
5442:Established
5374:
5343:
5328:
5317:Peshawar Zoo
5311:
5299:
5282:
5227:Army Stadium
5221:
5208:
5179:
5151:
5134:Chowk Yadgar
5128:
5116:
5076:
5071:
5059:
4892:
4873:
4863:
4836:
4817:
4762:
4758:
4689:
4668:
4652:
4639:
4636:
4624:
4612:
4600:
4585:
4581:
4567:– a secular
4561:
4546:October 2017
4543:
4539:adding to it
4534:
4499:
4474:BRT Peshawar
4472:
4459:Saudi Arabia
4436:
4420:
4418:
4414:
4407:
4401:
4397:Awam Express
4395:
4378:
4358:
4346:M-4 Motorway
4343:
4339:M-2 motorway
4323:M-1 Motorway
4312:
4299:Kohat Tunnel
4280:
4265:
4258:
4250:Central Asia
4238:M-2 Motorway
4234:M-1 Motorway
4219:
4189:BRT Peshawar
4182:
4174:
4163:
4154:
4150:
4132:
4105:
4094:
4090:Hippie trail
4083:
3491:Christianity
3202:
3193:
3178:
3166:
3155:
3100:
3085:
3076:
3069:
3057:
3044:
2850:Demographics
2802:
2794:Chowk Yadgar
2778:
2767:
2587:mm (inches)
2167:
2162:
2153:
2138:
2069:suicide bomb
2054:
2031:
2027:Hippie trail
2019:Soviet Union
2003:
1983:Ghaffar Khan
1978:
1968:
1952:
1936:
1898:festival of
1890:
1855:
1839:
1820:
1770:
1764:
1751:
1735:Ranjit Singh
1733:
1716:Charat Singh
1708:Raghunathrao
1689:
1675:
1660:
1629:
1597:
1590:
1568:
1553:
1536:
1534:
1521:
1517:
1503:
1499:Pashtunistan
1494:
1484:
1476:
1453:Bestowed by
1425:
1410:
1408:
1400:Lodi dynasty
1390:In 1179–80,
1389:
1373:
1354:
1350:Hindu Shahis
1343:
1327:
1313:
1302:
1298:Hindu Shahis
1291:
1269:
1261:
1251:
1240:
1227:
1214:
1201:Kanishka III
1198:
1186:
1170:
1158:
1144:
1114:Takht-i-Bahi
1112:
1094:
1079:
1065:
1060:Takht-i-Bahi
1041:
1012:subdued the
1003:
990:Pushkalavati
969:
967:
959:
950:Pushkalavati
909:
899:
878:
876:
867:
863:
859:
853:
848:
844:
840:
832:
824:
820:
812:
806:
802:
794:
780:
772:
764:
755:
706:Hindu Shahis
702:Hephthalites
699:
676:
664:largest city
551:
550:
373:Zubair Ali (
155:Bab-e-Khyber
138:
75:
46:
37:This is the
31:
13852:Balochistan
13733:Mirpur Khas
13659:Sheikhupura
13437:Tehkal Bala
13412:Putwar Bala
13397:Nishterabad
13332:Danish Abad
13058:and culture
13012:Khyber Pass
12859:British Raj
12440:‹ The
12248:13 December
12217:24 December
12187:24 December
12157:24 December
12124:24 December
12114:Daily Times
12064:24 December
12038:24 December
12008:24 December
11977:24 December
11930:24 December
11815:21 December
11784:21 December
11734:21 December
11703:21 December
11672:21 December
11642:21 December
11612:21 December
11582:21 December
11552:21 December
11542:suit.edu.pk
11522:21 December
11492:21 December
11462:21 December
11428:21 December
11418:pmdc.org.pk
11398:21 December
11368:21 December
11338:21 December
11308:21 December
11278:21 December
11262:UoP, CITS.
11216:13 December
11030:13 December
10732:10 February
10722:Daily Times
10539:11 December
10513:11 December
10503:Daily Times
10313:30 December
10148:13 December
10117:13 December
9749:The Tribune
9674:13 December
9643:13 December
9550:13 December
9390:30 December
9357:30 December
9325:30 December
9292:30 December
9260:30 December
9227:30 December
9199:13 December
9008:23 February
8923:13 December
8913:AsiaNews.it
8697:13 December
8627:10 February
8546:13 December
8490:13 December
8106:13 December
8067:29 December
7382:13 December
7174:Vol.3 (1),
7006:28 November
6343:13 December
6033:Aurora Dawn
6013:12 December
5852:19 December
5824:19 December
5579:, Indonesia
5265:Tatara Park
5256:Jinnah Park
5144:Ghanta Ghar
4785:Agriculture
4777:Engineering
4427:Landi Kotal
4409:Khyber Mail
4384:Main Line-1
4254:Salang Pass
4242:Khyber Pass
4160:Constraints
4086:Khyber Pass
2129:Khyber Pass
2112:Khyber Pass
2032:During the
2021:, with the
1789:British Raj
1730:Sikh Empire
1624:Bala Hissar
1622:Peshawar's
1582:Khyber Pass
1320:Indus River
1167:Afghanistan
1129:Peshawar's
1105:Gondophares
1101:Afghanistan
1081:Pataliputra
1076:Megasthenes
1058:The nearby
1016:during his
892:Khyber Pass
833:Fou-lou-sha
821:bùlùshābùló
730:British Raj
722:Sikh Empire
679:Khyber Pass
496:Postal code
396:Aafaq Wazir
269: /
151:Bala Hissar
13971:Categories
13766:Abbottabad
13639:Rawalpindi
13568:Gujranwala
13563:Gujar Khan
13558:Faisalabad
13533:Bahawalpur
13422:Sethi Town
13387:Nasir Bagh
13352:Hashtnagri
12678:Abbottabad
12576:1,964,102
12366:by Yu Huan
12340:Hou Hanshu
12265:See also:
12177:The Nation
12094:13 January
11876:Babur Nama
11855:Al Jazeera
11774:inu.edu.pk
11482:kmu.edu.pk
11328:aup.edu.pk
10855:13 January
10780:The Nation
10668:6 December
10457:9 February
10292:14 January
10263:14 January
10138:Time World
9151:2 February
8189:. UNESCO.
7064:24 January
6411:7 November
6372:7 November
6073:30 October
6043:30 October
5953:"Peshawar"
5911:18 January
5758:The Nation
5740:References
5637:Bacha Khan
5362:test match
5247:Shahi Bagh
5232:Wazir Bagh
4959:IMSciences
4765:Humanities
4660:Ayman Udas
4461:, and the
4412:services.
4406:, and the
4319:Rawalpindi
4147:Employment
4108:World Bank
4062:1,969,823
3416:1,942,636
3041:Population
2659:(≥ 1.0 mm)
2119:Topography
2046:mujahideen
2000:Modern era
1929:procession
1640:Timur Shah
1608:Nader Shah
1541:Shah Jahan
1346:Sabuktigin
1328:Parashāwar
1300:of Kabul.
1217:White Huns
1211:White Huns
1182:Vasudeva I
1173:Mahavihara
1147:Common era
1000:Greek rule
970:Puruṣapura
964:Foundation
905:پَرَشَاوَر
900:Parashāwar
868:Purushavar
860:Parashāwar
795:Poshapura,
773:Parashawar
765:Puruṣapura
438:Population
342:Government
257:71°34′03″E
254:34°00′52″N
13925:Rawalakot
13837:Timergara
13786:Charsadda
13776:Battagram
13738:Nawabshah
13707:Jacobabad
13702:Hyderabad
13644:Sadiqabad
13509:Islamabad
13447:Website:
13357:Hayatabad
13337:Faqirabad
12995:Transport
12929:Education
12378:. 1984. "
12294:. 1985. "
11825:cite news
11744:cite news
10174:17 August
9980:3 October
9943:129436200
9935:0041-977X
9612:28 August
7829:3 October
7681:. BRILL.
7451:. BRILL.
7401:. Brill.
6929:Routledge
6815:3 October
6787:3 October
6708:. BRILL.
6634:3 October
6606:3 October
6545:3 October
6516:3 October
6249:2 October
5878:5 January
5845:UrduPoint
5798:5 January
5409:Badminton
5401:Wrestling
5275:Hayatabad
5269:Hayatabad
5198:Gorkhnath
5188:Gorkhatri
5157:Gorkhatri
5068:Landmarks
4890:in 2008.
4861:in 2007.
4733:Education
4708:Gandharan
4569:left-wing
4507:G.T. Road
4327:Charsadda
4315:Islamabad
4309:Motorways
4226:Islamabad
4214:Hayatabad
4097:Islamabad
3887:Ahmadiyya
3229:Religious
3200:in 1947.
3021:2,203,003
3010:1,970,042
2764:Cityscape
2102:Geography
2044:-trained
1971:Hindkowan
1917:musicians
1904:Barawafat
1779:Gurdwaras
1739:Azim Khan
1586:Aurangzeb
1566:in 1630.
1556:Aurangzeb
1324:Al-Masudi
1236:Buddhist
1171:Kanishka
1038:Sophocles
994:Charsadda
986:Gandharan
946:Gandharan
872:Al-Biruni
864:Purshawar
856:Al-Masudi
819:: 布路沙布邏,
799:Kharosthi
787:Kharosthi
740:Etymology
516:Languages
511:091 (+92)
507:Area code
480:Time zone
474:Peshawari
446:4,758,762
422:Elevation
18:Peshawari
13977:Peshawar
13821:Peshawar
13816:Nowshera
13806:Mansehra
13791:D.I.Khan
13718:Khairpur
13679:Talagang
13654:Sargodha
13614:Mianwali
13593:Khanewal
13538:Burewala
13347:Gulbahar
13322:Chamkani
13240:Peshawar
13210:Peshawar
12824:Gandhara
12819:Timeline
12802:Peshawar
12759:118,103
12741:120,131
12732:Nowshera
12723:123,412
12705:127,623
12696:Mansehra
12687:208,491
12669:217,457
12651:228,789
12633:331,091
12615:358,604
12567:Peshawar
12549:Peshawar
12529:District
12457:Peshawar
12442:template
12434:Peshawar
12358:Archived
12344:Archived
12299:Archived
12296:Peshawar
12242:Archived
12211:Archived
12181:Archived
12151:Archived
12118:Archived
12088:Archived
12058:Archived
12032:Archived
12002:Archived
11971:Archived
11924:Archived
11904:3 August
11898:Archived
11809:Archived
11778:Archived
11728:Archived
11697:Archived
11666:Archived
11636:Archived
11576:Archived
11546:Archived
11516:Archived
11486:Archived
11456:Archived
11392:Archived
11362:Archived
11332:Archived
11272:Archived
11241:Archived
11210:Archived
11149:Archived
11123:Archived
11093:Archived
11063:Archived
11024:Archived
10990:Archived
10988:. Time.
10958:Archived
10914:Archived
10883:Archived
10825:24 March
10816:Archived
10784:Archived
10759:Archived
10699:9 August
10693:Archived
10662:Archived
10632:Archived
10563:Archived
10533:Archived
10477:Archived
10451:Archived
10421:Archived
10384:. Lulu.
10359:Archived
10333:Archived
10281:. 1881.
10198:Archived
10063:Archived
9974:Archived
9873:Archived
9836:Archived
9782:Archived
9753:Archived
9714:Archived
9668:Archived
9637:Archived
9606:Archived
9602:Samaa TV
9573:Archived
9514:Archived
9494:29 March
9462:23 April
9426:29 March
9420:Archived
9346:. 1921.
9281:. 1901.
9193:Archived
9096:cite web
9053:cite web
8917:Archived
8886:Archived
8845:Archived
8796:Archived
8691:Archived
8616:. 1922.
8540:Archived
8484:Archived
8100:Archived
8061:Archived
8003:24 March
7997:Archived
7936:24 March
7930:archived
7910:(1996),
7848:Pakistan
7823:Archived
7780:24 March
7774:Archived
7662:24 March
7656:Archived
7633:29 March
7627:Archived
7553:29 March
7547:Archived
7496:29 March
7490:Archived
7376:Archived
7351:24 March
7345:Archived
7305:24 March
7299:Archived
7153:28 March
7147:Archived
7116:78907043
7000:Archived
6890:24 March
6884:Archived
6809:Archived
6781:Archived
6726:24 March
6720:Archived
6628:Archived
6600:Archived
6539:Archived
6510:Archived
6405:Archived
6366:Archived
6361:Yearbook
6243:Archived
6099:Archived
6037:Archived
6007:Archived
5931:Archived
5905:Archived
5872:Archived
5792:Archived
5762:Archived
5632:Kanishka
5622:Karkhano
5604:Pakistan
5584:See also
5577:Makassar
5535:Football
5397:Swimming
5385:football
5152:Buddhist
5088:Sir Syed
4773:Sciences
4716:Parthian
4558:Politics
4478:Chamkani
4451:Malaysia
4365:Mansehra
4276:Xinjiang
4252:via the
4210:flyovers
4129:Industry
4115:Archived
4056:173,420
4050:121,866
4044:104,432
3821:Buddhism
3425:Hinduism
3410:122,972
3194:en masse
3175:Religion
3160:, while
3114:(90.17%)
3094:Language
3029:Source:
2796:and the
2652:(21.32)
2583:Average
2333:(103.3)
2298:(118.4)
2283:(101.3)
2278:(107.6)
2273:(114.8)
2268:(115.9)
2263:(118.4)
2258:(113.4)
2253:(108.0)
2040:and the
1937:en route
1921:Amritsar
1676:Barakzai
1600:Afsharid
1570:Yusufzai
1554:Emperor
1522:Peshawar
1471:frescoed
1418:Yusufzai
1414:Pashtuns
1305:Buddhist
1294:Scythian
1266:Xuanzang
1258:Gandhara
1256:visited
1254:Song Yun
1193:Shapur I
1191:Emperor
1161:(modern
1135:Buddhist
1043:Antigone
910:Peshāwar
879:Peshāwar
809:Xuanzang
791:Buddhist
762:पुरूषपुर
758:Sanskrit
691:Kanishka
672:Pashtuns
656:Pakistan
552:Peshawar
485:UTC+5:00
321:District
301:Province
294:Pakistan
228:Peshawar
195:Peshawar
85:Peshawar
43:reviewed
13904:Bhimber
13870:Khuzdar
13796:Haripur
13781:Chitral
13728:Larkana
13712:Karachi
13664:Sialkot
13649:Sahiwal
13598:Kharian
13548:Chiniot
13543:Chakwal
13407:Passani
13392:Naguman
13372:Mattani
13307:Badaber
13264:Tehsils
13056:Economy
12811:History
12624:Mingora
12586:Mingora
12444:below (
11861:28 June
11247:7 April
11185:7 April
11175:Reuters
11155:6 April
11129:7 April
11119:Reuters
11099:6 April
11069:6 April
10996:6 April
10964:6 April
10790:5 April
10638:5 April
10604:7 April
10569:7 April
10483:7 April
10427:7 April
10365:7 April
10339:7 April
10204:4 March
10069:5 April
10020:5 April
9879:5 April
9842:5 April
9788:5 April
9759:7 April
9720:5 April
9582:4 April
9520:4 April
9086:26 June
9043:26 June
8986:8 April
8892:5 April
8854:5 April
8802:14 June
8769:14 June
8567:, p.276
8113:season.
6838:. 1996.
6664:19 July
5768:13 June
5563:twinned
5512:Kabaddi
5487:Cricket
5458:Cricket
5433:League
5300:Museums
5283:Mosques
5077:General
4781:Medical
4686:Museums
4644:Culture
4607:Shariah
4447:Bahrain
4388:Karachi
4350:Karachi
4287:Karachi
4272:Kashgar
4101:Karachi
4072:Economy
4038:97,935
4032:95,147
4026:84,191
4020:79,982
4014:81,264
3952:Others
3755:Judaism
3623:Jainism
3608:14,245
3557:Sikhism
3548:22,032
3479:18.24%
3476:31,630
3473:18.03%
3470:21,973
3467:20.11%
3464:21,001
3461:16.67%
3458:16,328
3452:18,552
3449:18.41%
3446:15,501
3443:22.64%
3440:18,105
3437:26.83%
3434:21,802
3419:98.62%
3413:70.91%
3407:70.87%
3404:86,369
3401:70.75%
3398:73,882
3395:74.74%
3392:73,198
3389:71.84%
3386:68,352
3383:71.59%
3380:60,269
3377:71.74%
3374:57,378
3371:67.65%
3368:54,977
3144:(1.08%)
3142:Punjabi
3134:(1.96%)
3124:(5.33%)
3080:Jalozai
3013:+100.4%
2999:982,816
2991:+103.3%
2988:555,000
2977:273,000
2966:218,000
2955:151,776
2944:173,420
2933:121,866
2922:104,452
2781:havelis
2647:(0.68)
2642:(0.67)
2637:(1.05)
2632:(1.37)
2627:(2.70)
2622:(2.72)
2617:(1.00)
2612:(1.05)
2607:(2.68)
2602:(3.08)
2597:(2.75)
2592:(1.57)
2578:(25.0)
2573:(29.7)
2568:(34.0)
2563:(46.9)
2558:(53.6)
2553:(66.9)
2548:(64.4)
2543:(55.9)
2538:(53.1)
2533:(44.1)
2528:(35.1)
2523:(30.2)
2518:(25.0)
2508:(61.8)
2503:(42.1)
2498:(50.7)
2493:(62.8)
2488:(73.8)
2483:(78.8)
2478:(80.2)
2473:(78.4)
2468:(72.1)
2463:(63.0)
2458:(54.0)
2453:(45.7)
2448:(40.3)
2438:(73.5)
2433:(55.8)
2428:(64.0)
2423:(75.4)
2418:(84.2)
2413:(87.6)
2408:(89.8)
2403:(90.9)
2398:(84.9)
2393:(75.0)
2388:(64.8)
2383:(56.8)
2378:(52.3)
2368:(85.2)
2363:(69.1)
2358:(77.4)
2353:(87.8)
2348:(94.6)
2343:(96.6)
2338:(99.3)
2328:(97.7)
2323:(87.1)
2318:(76.5)
2313:(68.2)
2308:(64.6)
2293:(84.2)
2288:(95.0)
2248:(96.8)
2243:(86.0)
2238:(80.6)
2170:monsoon
2144:Climate
2061:shrines
1975:Pashtun
1925:Haripur
1741:at the
1652:Bukhara
1506:Humayun
1430:Dilazak
1422:Gigyani
1396:Mongols
1316:Dilazak
1238:pilgrim
1234:Chinese
1189:Sasanid
1040:' play
922:History
887:Persian
849:pskbvr,
841:fùlóshā
839:: 弗樓沙,
837:Chinese
829:Fa-Hien
817:Chinese
534:Website
470:Demonym
282:Country
13949:Skardu
13943:Gilgit
13914:Mirpur
13881:Ziarat
13875:Quetta
13865:Gwadar
13860:Chaman
13811:Mardan
13748:Thatta
13743:Sukkur
13669:Taxila
13624:Murree
13619:Multan
13603:Lahore
13583:Jhelum
13573:Gujrat
13528:Attock
13520:Punjab
13367:Mathra
13297:Adezai
13232:Cities
13099:Sports
13085:Naswar
12606:Mardan
12559:Mardan
12461:Curlie
12447:Curlie
12407:
12386:
12309:
12277:
11055:
10950:
10920:29 May
10889:29 May
10388:
10285:
10256:
10252:1881.
10234:7 July
10227:
10055:
10011:
9966:
9941:
9933:
9811:
9706:
9383:
9350:
9318:
9285:
9253:
9080:PakMet
9037:PakMet
8760:
8718:Sikhs.
8620:
8596:
8513:
8454:
8426:
8394:
8370:
8350:
8322:
8277:
8250:
8220:
8193:
8159:
8092:
8053:
8026:
7989:
7962:
7922:
7893:
7856:
7815:
7766:
7685:
7602:
7539:
7482:
7455:
7430:
7405:
7337:
7291:
7246:
7217:
7139:
7114:
7089:
7029:
6992:
6935:
6876:
6753:
6712:
6592:
6502:
6397:
6307:
6279:
6235:
6183:
6155:
6130:
5958:Lexico
5937:10 May
5590:Portal
5565:with:
5439:Venue
5436:Sport
5417:squash
5413:Hockey
5405:Boxing
5393:Squash
5325:Sports
5200:temple
4712:Kushan
4700:Mughal
4369:Thakot
4335:Lahore
4331:Mardan
4230:Lahore
4006:0.13%
4003:2,511
3997:1,903
3964:3.79%
3961:3,031
3958:0.14%
3947:0.05%
3809:0.04%
3803:0.01%
3743:0.01%
3737:0.02%
3731:0.02%
3725:0.05%
3719:0.04%
3713:0.04%
3611:8.21%
3605:7.08%
3602:8,630
3599:5.89%
3596:6,152
3593:5.13%
3590:5,026
3587:5.41%
3584:5,144
3581:5.65%
3578:4,755
3575:1.83%
3572:1,465
3569:1.22%
3551:1.12%
3545:1.49%
3542:2,586
3539:3.98%
3536:4,854
3533:3.27%
3530:3,414
3524:3,132
3521:3.22%
3518:3,063
3515:4.31%
3512:3,629
3503:4.16%
3500:3,379
3485:0.09%
3482:1,720
3455:19.5%
3232:group
3213:Jewish
3209:Pashto
3186:Hindus
3162:Hindko
3158:Pashto
3148:
3140:
3138:
3130:
3128:
3122:Hindko
3120:
3118:
3112:Pashto
3110:
3108:
3024:+11.8%
3002:+77.1%
2980:+25.2%
2969:+43.6%
2958:−12.5%
2947:+42.3%
2936:+16.7%
2911:97,935
2903:+13.0%
2900:95,147
2889:84,191
2878:79,982
2770:Lahore
2746:2,887
2743:184.4
2740:234.8
2737:266.1
2734:257.3
2731:263.2
2728:273.8
2725:299.5
2722:297.1
2719:231.3
2716:194.5
2713:189.5
2710:195.5
2189:Month
2160:Köppen
2133:Kushan
2084:terror
2072:attack
1979:xāryān
1912:looted
1908:Muslim
1805:style.
1606:under
1578:Afridi
1574:Attock
1518:Begram
1495:Begram
1434:Mardan
1376:Lahore
1270:Kapisa
1262:Kapisa
1242:Faxian
1229:chatra
1225:gilded
1163:Bagram
1159:Kapisi
908:, and
609:Hindko
588:Pashto
524:Hindko
520:Pashto
311:
291:
13909:Kotli
13832:Swabi
13801:Kohat
13771:Bannu
13723:Kotri
13697:Badin
13689:Sindh
13629:Okara
13588:Kasur
13578:Jhang
13402:Ormur
12915:Nazim
12910:Towns
12750:Kabal
12714:Swabi
12642:Kohat
12596:Kohat
12364:" 魏略
12324:BEFEO
12288:1973.
10819:(PDF)
10812:(PDF)
10598:(PDF)
10591:(PDF)
10283:JSTOR
10254:JSTOR
10225:JSTOR
9939:S2CID
9576:(PDF)
9569:(PDF)
9488:(PDF)
9481:(PDF)
9456:(PDF)
9445:(PDF)
9410:(PDF)
9381:JSTOR
9348:JSTOR
9316:JSTOR
9283:JSTOR
9251:JSTOR
8980:(PDF)
8973:(PDF)
8848:(PDF)
8833:(PDF)
8656:" In
8618:JSTOR
6105:9 May
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