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662:, forces tending to turn the ratchet one way are able to do so while forces in the other direction are not. A diode in a heat bath allows through currents in one direction and not the other. These schemes typically fail in two ways: either maintaining the unidirectionality costs energy (requiring Maxwell's demon to perform more thermodynamic work to gauge the speed of the molecules than the amount of energy gained by the difference of temperature caused) or the unidirectionality is an illusion and occasional big violations make up for the frequent small non-violations (the Brownian ratchet will be subject to internal Brownian forces and therefore will sometimes turn the wrong way).
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the top again. However, if the magnet is to be strong enough to pull the ball up the ramp, it cannot then be weak enough to allow gravity to pull it through the hole. Faced with this problem, more modern versions typically use a series of ramps and magnets, positioned so the ball is to be handed off from one magnet to another as it moves. The problem remains the same.
608:'s wheel in the 12th century, whose key idea is itself a recurring theme, often called the overbalanced wheel: moving weights are attached to a wheel in such a way that they fall to a position further from the wheel's center for one half of the wheel's rotation, and closer to the center for the other half. Since weights further from the center apply a greater
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612:, it was thought that the wheel would rotate forever. However, since the side with weights further from the center has fewer weights than the other side, at that moment, the torque is balanced and perpetual movement is not achieved. The moving weights may be hammers on pivoted arms, or rolling balls, or mercury in tubes; the principle is the same.
309:). The signature of a perpetual motion machine of the second kind is that there is only one heat reservoir involved, which is being spontaneously cooled without involving a transfer of heat to a cooler reservoir. This conversion of heat into useful work, without any side effect, is impossible, according to the second law of thermodynamics.
776:
150:, were discovered in which, on a microscopic scale, the component atoms are in continual repetitive motion, thus satisfying the literal definition of "perpetual motion". However, these do not constitute perpetual motion machines in the traditional sense, or violate thermodynamic laws, because they are in their quantum
2331:
747:(ECLA) has classes including patent applications on perpetual motion systems: ECLA classes "F03B17/04: Alleged perpetua mobilia" and "F03B17/00B: (with closed loop circulation or similar : ... Installations wherein the liquid circulates in a closed loop; Alleged perpetua mobilia of this or similar kind".
716:
The filing of a patent application is a clerical task, and the USPTO will not refuse filings for perpetual motion machines; the application will be filed and then most probably rejected by the patent examiner, after he has done a formal examination. Even if a patent is granted, it does not mean that
451:
There is something lamentable, degrading, and almost insane in pursuing the visionary schemes of past ages with dogged determination, in paths of learning which have been investigated by superior minds, and with which such adventurous persons are totally unacquainted. The history of
Perpetual Motion
424:
The law that entropy always increases – the second law of thermodynamics – holds, I think, the supreme position among the laws of Nature. If someone points out to you that your pet theory of the universe is in disagreement with
Maxwell's equations – then so much the worse for Maxwell's equations. If
398:
The principles of thermodynamics are so well established, both theoretically and experimentally, that proposals for perpetual motion machines are universally dismissed by physicists. Any proposed perpetual motion design offers a potentially instructive challenge to physicists: one is certain that it
138:
Thus, machines that extract energy from finite sources cannot operate indefinitely because they are driven by the energy stored in the source, which will eventually be exhausted. A common example is devices powered by ocean currents, whose energy is ultimately derived from the Sun, which itself will
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would cause surrounding gas molecules to strike the paddles, but the ratchet would only allow it to turn in one direction. A more thorough analysis showed that when a physical ratchet was considered at this molecular scale, Brownian motion would also affect the ratchet and cause it to randomly fail
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is another frequently misunderstood phenomenon. Some proposed perpetual-motion machines miss the fact that to push a volume of air down in a fluid takes the same work as to raise a corresponding volume of fluid up against gravity. These types of machines may involve two chambers with pistons, and a
571:
was proposed by
Wilkins and has been widely copied since: it consists of a ramp with a magnet at the top, which pulled a metal ball up the ramp. Near the magnet was a small hole that was supposed to allow the ball to drop under the ramp and return to the bottom, where a flap allowed it to return to
603:
also acts at a distance, without an apparent energy source, but to get energy out of a gravitational field (for instance, by dropping a heavy object, producing kinetic energy as it falls) one has to put energy in (for instance, by lifting the object up), and some energy is always dissipated in the
1005:
by the scientific community at large. Inventors have proposed various methods for extracting useful work from zero-point energy, but none have been found to be viable, no claims for extraction of zero-point energy have ever been validated by the scientific community, and there is no evidence that
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to eliminate air friction and friction from an axle. The levitated object is then free to rotate around its center of gravity without interference. However, this machine has no practical purpose because the rotated object cannot do any work as work requires the levitated object to cause motion in
168:
The history of perpetual motion machines dates back to the Middle Ages. For millennia, it was not clear whether perpetual motion devices were possible or not, until the development of modern theories of thermodynamics showed that they were impossible. Despite this, many attempts have been made to
759:), "perpetual motion" in the context of this article is better defined as a "perpetual motion machine" because a machine is a "A device that directs and controls energy, often in the form of movement or electricity, to produce a certain effect" whereas "motion" is simply movement (such as
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Scientific investigations as to whether the laws of physics are invariant over time use telescopes to examine the universe in the distant past to discover, to the limits of our measurements, whether ancient stars were identical to stars today. Combining different measurements such as
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Machines that comply with both laws of thermodynamics by accessing energy from unconventional sources are sometimes referred to as perpetual motion machines, although they do not meet the standard criteria for the name. By way of example, clocks and other low-power machines, such as
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mechanism to squeeze the air out of the top chamber into the bottom one, which then becomes buoyant and floats to the top. The squeezing mechanism in these designs would not be able to do enough work to move the air down, or would leave no excess work available to be extracted.
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applied in the statistical sense only, by postulating a "demon" that could select energetic molecules and extract their energy. Subsequent analysis (and experiment) have shown there is no way to physically implement such a system that does not result in an overall increase in
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The output work power of heat engines is always smaller than the input heating power. The rest of the heat energy supplied is wasted as heat to the ambient surroundings. The thermal efficiency therefore has a maximum, given by the Carnot efficiency, which is always less than
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A rejection on the ground of lack of utility includes the more specific grounds of inoperativeness, involving perpetual motion. A rejection under 35 U.S.C. 101 for lack of utility should not be based on grounds that the invention is frivolous, fraudulent or against public
425:
it is found to be contradicted by observation – well, these experimentalists do bungle things sometimes. But if your theory is found to be against the second law of thermodynamics I can give you no hope; there is nothing for it but to collapse in deepest humiliation.
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Even machines that extract energy from long-lived sources - such as ocean currents - will run down when their energy sources inevitably do. They are not perpetual motion machines because they are consuming energy from an external source and are not isolated systems.
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The "Float Belt". The yellow blocks indicate floaters. It was thought that the floaters would rise through the liquid and turn the belt. However, pushing the floaters into the water at the bottom takes as much energy as the floating generates, and some energy is
763:). Distinctions aside, on the macro scale, there are concepts and technical drafts that propose "perpetual motion", but on closer analysis it is revealed that they actually "consume" some sort of natural resource or latent energy, such as the phase changes of
66:
261:, have been designed to run on the differences in barometric pressure or temperature between night and day. These machines have a source of energy, albeit one which is not readily apparent, so that they only seem to violate the laws of thermodynamics.
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With the exception of cases involving perpetual motion, a model is not ordinarily required by the Office to demonstrate the operability of a device. If operability of a device is questioned, the applicant must establish it to the satisfaction of the
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The device shown is a "mass leverage" device, where the spherical weights on the right have more leverage than those on the left, supposedly creating a perpetual rotation. However, there are a greater number of weights on the left, balancing the
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of physical laws. Therefore, if the laws of physics do not change with time, then the conservation of energy follows. For energy conservation to be violated to allow perpetual motion would require that the foundations of physics would change.
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In short, law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed. Denying its validity would undermine not just little bits of science – the whole edifice would be no more. All of the technology on which we built the modern world would lie in
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Statements 2 and 3 apply to heat engines. Other types of engines that convert e.g. mechanical into electromagnetic energy, cannot operate with 100% efficiency, because it is impossible to design any system that is free of energy dissipation.
118:
apply regardless of the size of the system. For example, the motions and rotations of celestial bodies such as planets may appear perpetual, but are actually subject to many processes that slowly dissipate their kinetic energy, such as
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gave an adequate explanation for why it cannot work. However, during that twelve-year period scientists did not believe that the machine was possible. They were merely unaware of the exact mechanism by which it would inevitably fail.
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is a machine that spontaneously converts thermal energy into mechanical work. When the thermal energy is equivalent to the work done, this does not violate the law of conservation of energy. However, it does violate the more subtle
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appears to suggest that perpetual motion may be possible through accepted and understood physical processes. However, in all cases, a flaw has been found when all of the relevant physics is considered. Examples include:
1252:(bottom-center to top-right) to pump water to refill the tank. The rotary motion of the water wheel also drives two grinding wheels (bottom-right) and is shown as providing sufficient excess water to lubricate them.
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Processes or articles alleged to operate in a manner which is clearly contrary to well-established physical laws, such as perpetual motion machines, are regarded as not having industrial application.
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flows spontaneously from hotter to colder places; relevant here is that the law observes that in every macroscopic process, there is friction or something close to it; another statement is that no
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One day man will connect his apparatus to the very wheelwork of the universe and the very forces that motivate the planets in their orbits and cause them to rotate will rotate his own machinery.
64:
1191:, alleging that they are being hidden from the public by corporations or governments, who would lose economic control if a power source capable of producing energy cheaply was made available.
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magazine, on perpetual motion. Although scientists have established them to be impossible under the laws of physics, perpetual motion continues to capture the imagination of inventors.
324:). It is impossible to make such a machine, as dissipation can never be completely eliminated in a mechanical system, no matter how close a system gets to this ideal (see examples at
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As a perpetual motion machine can only be defined in a finite isolated system with discrete parameters, and since true isolated systems do not exist (among other things, due to
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formulation of the physical laws. This interpretation of the word "impossible" is what is intended in discussions of the impossibility of perpetual motion in a closed system.
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include a background energy which pervades empty space, known as vacuum or zero-point energy. The ability to harness zero-point energy for useful work is considered
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or other fluids or small natural temperature gradients, or simply cannot sustain indefinite operation. In general, extracting work from these devices is impossible.
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it fails to work. The difficulty (and the value) of such an exercise depends on the subtlety of the proposal; the best ones tend to arise from physicists' own
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create such machines, continuing into modern times. Modern designers and proponents often use other terms, such as "over unity", to describe their inventions.
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investigated the history of perpetual motion experiments, writing a vitriolic attack on those who continued to attempt what he believed to be impossible:
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Forays into 'free energy' inventions and perpetual-motion machines using ZPE are considered by the broader scientific community to be pseudoscience.
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arrives at the same level). Similarly, seemingly entropy-reversing effects like superfluids climbing the walls of containers operate by ordinary
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Some common ideas recur repeatedly in perpetual motion machine designs. Many ideas that continue to appear today were stated as early as 1670 by
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The "Overbalanced Wheel", annotated with distances of the weights from the centreline showing that the torques on both sides even out on average
58:'s 1618 "water screw" perpetual motion machine from a 1660 wood engraving. It is widely credited as the first attempt to describe such a device.
2550:"FOLLOW-UP: What is the 'zero-point energy' (or 'vacuum energy') in quantum physics? Is it really possible that we could harness this energy?"
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and similar measurements demonstrates that physics has remained substantially the same, if not identical, for all of observable time spanning
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1988:
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To extract work from heat, thus producing a perpetual motion machine of the second kind, the most common approach (dating back at least to
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differences. With the "capillary bowl", it was thought that the capillary action would keep the water flowing in the tube, but since the
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the invention actually works, it just means that the examiner believes that it works, or was unable to figure out why it would not work.
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is defined as one that completely eliminates friction and other dissipative forces, to maintain motion forever due to its mass inertia (
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Ray, R. D.; Eanes, R. J.; Chao, B. F. (1996). "Detection of tidal dissipation in the solid Earth by satellite tracking and altimetry".
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to influence motion at a distance without any apparent energy source has long appealed to inventors. One of the earliest examples of a
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2517:"What is the 'zero-point energy' (or 'vacuum energy') in quantum physics? Is it really possible that we could harness this energy?"
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Taylor, J. H.; Weisberg, J. M. (1989). "Further experimental tests of relativistic gravity using the binary pulsar PSR 1913 + 16".
17:
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926:), very low friction movement is possible. However, the motion stops when the system reaches an equilibrium state (e.g. all the
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One classification of perpetual motion machines refers to the particular law of thermodynamics the machines purport to violate:
2797:, BBC discussion with Ruth Gregory, Frank Close and Steven Bramwell, hosted by Melvyn Bragg, first broadcast 24 September 2015.
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that draws the liquid up the tube in the first place holds the droplet from releasing into the bowl, the flow is not perpetual.
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222:(an engine which produces work while moving heat from a high temperature to a low temperature) can be more efficient than a
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Oh ye seekers after perpetual motion, how many vain chimeras have you pursued? Go and take your place with the alchemists.
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Weisberg, J. M.; Nice, D. J.; Taylor, J. H. (2010). "Timing
Measurements of the Relativistic Binary Pulsar PSR B1913+16".
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consists of a partial vacuum glass container with a lightweight propeller moved by (light-induced) temperature gradients.
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Maruyama, Koji; Nori, Franco; Vedral, Vlatko (2009). "Colloquium: The physics of
Maxwell's demon and information".
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Examples of decisions by the UK Patent Office to refuse patent applications for perpetual motion machines include:
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toy functions using small ambient temperature gradients and evaporation. It runs until all water is evaporated.
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658:. Only molecules moving fast enough and in the right direction are allowed through the demon's trap door. In a
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1108:. This paradox is solved when the black bodies' finite sizes are considered instead of punctual black bodies.
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for perpetual motion machines without a working model. The USPTO Manual of Patent
Examining Practice states:
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in 1915, states that any conservation law can be derived from a corresponding continuous symmetry of the
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Yoder, Theodore J.; Adkins, Gregory S. (2011). "Resolution of the ellipsoid paradox in thermodynamics".
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has a specific practice on perpetual motion; Section 4.05 of the UKPO Manual of Patent
Practice states:
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In any isolated system, one cannot create new energy (law of conservation of energy). As a result, the
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Another theoretical machine involves a frictionless environment for motion. This involves the use of
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and often shed light upon certain aspects of physics. So, for example, the thought experiment of a
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554:. He outlined three potential sources of power for a perpetual motion machine, "Chymical [
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831:). The motion leeches energy from moving air which in turn gained its energy from being acted on.
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See also, for more examples of refused patent applications at the United
Kingdom Patent Office (
1248:(bottom-left), which drives a complicated series of gears and shafts that ultimately rotate the
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uses changes in the vapor pressure of ethyl chloride with temperature to wind the clock spring.
214:. The second law can be phrased in several different ways, the most intuitive of which is that
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2329:, Kwok, James, "An energy storage device and method of use", published 2008-04-03
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1995:. School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, University of Adelaide. Archived from
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vacuum is an unattainable goal since both the container and the object itself would slowly
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2117:"700 Examination of Applications II. UTILITY – 706.03(a) Rejections Under 35 U.S.C. 101"
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of a physical system. The symmetry which is equivalent to conservation of energy is the
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Munk, W.; Wunsch, C (1998). "Abyssal recipes II: energetics of tidal and wind mixing".
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Although the machine would not work, the idea was that water from the top tank turns a
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is a history of the fool-hardiness of either half-learned, or totally ignorant persons.
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in this case refers solely to the position in the above classification scheme, not the
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237:—the produced work power divided by the input heating power—cannot be greater than one.
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1680:(April 1960). "Tibet, India, and Malaya as Sources of Western Medieval Technology",
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The efficiency of real heat engines is even lower than the Carnot efficiency due to
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970:: In this thought experiment, one imagines a paddle wheel connected to a ratchet.
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source. This kind of machine is impossible, since its existence would violate the
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on Earth are dissipating the gravitational energy of the Moon/Earth system at an
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Once spun up, objects in the vacuum of space—stars, black holes, planets, moons,
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above 1: the energy it consumes as work is less than the energy it moves as heat.
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560:] Extractions", "Magnetical Virtues" and "the Natural Affection of Gravity".
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The conservation laws are particularly robust from a mathematical perspective.
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154:, so no energy can be extracted from them; they exhibit motion without energy.
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44:"Free energy device" redirects here. For other meanings of "free energy", see
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An
Encyclopedia of Claims, Frauds, and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural
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is a hypothetical machine that can do work indefinitely without an external
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860:; such a device could plausibly operate for hundreds or thousands of years.
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process. A typical application of gravity in a perpetual motion machine is
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is the motion of bodies that continues forever in an unperturbed system. A
84:'s policy regarding perpetual motion machines (and the power efficiency of
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2672:"Governments suppressing technology? Former MoD boss dismisses conspiracy"
1719:, quoting Former US Patent Office Chief of Staff Don Kelly in relation to
798:-based water pump functions using small ambient temperature gradients and
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1734:"Perpetual Futility: A short history of the search for perpetual motion"
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quote originally from
Leonardo's notebooks, South Kensington Museum MS
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Decision BL O/044/06, John Frederick Willmott's application no. 0502841
501: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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Proposals for such inoperable machines have become so common that the
210:, or both. The first law of thermodynamics is a version of the law of
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zero-point energy can be used in violation of conservation of energy.
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Any device powered by changes in air pressure, such as some clocks (
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Mechanical Sciences: Engineering Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics
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other objects, bringing friction into the problem. Furthermore, a
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1740:. Donald Simanek's website, Lock Haven University. Archived from
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resulting in no net gain. Thus, the device would not violate the
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Any device picking up minimal amounts of energy from the natural
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1551:""Time Crystals" Could Be a Legitimate Form of Perpetual Motion"
1024:. The reflecting surface is composed of two elliptical sections
1012:: This paradox considers a perfectly reflecting cavity with two
27:
Work being continuously done without an external input of energy
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1846:
Akshoy, Ranjan Paul; Sanchayan, Mukherjee; Pijush, Roy (2005).
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https://www.inventorsdigest.com/articles/spinning-their-wheels/
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37:"Perpetual Motion Machine" redirects here. For other uses, see
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Impossibility: The Limits of Science and the Science of Limits
1286:
Angrist, Stanley (January 1968). "Perpetual Motion Machines".
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2020:
Perpetuum Mobile: Or, A History of the Search for Self-motive
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459:
Perpetuum Mobile: Or, A History of the Search for Self-motive
1096:. However, a significant proportion of rays that start from
739:
Decision BL O/150/06, Ezra Shimshi's application no. 0417271
355:" describes things which absolutely cannot occur within our
1619:
Gibney, Elizabeth (2017). "The quest to crystallize time".
1058:. This configuration is such that apparently black body at
904:
215:
703:, but he or she may choose his or her own way of so doing.
665:
2464:
2174:. United Kingdom Patent Office. Section 4. Archived from
690:(USPTO) has made an official policy of refusing to grant
556:
1917:(3rd ed.). San Francisco: Addison Wesley. pp.
1791:. Hyderabad, India: Universities Press (India) Private.
1347:
Fundamentals of Classical and Statistical Thermodynamics
289:. It thus violates the first law of thermodynamics: the
248:
arising from the speed of processes, including friction.
2428:"Zero-Point Energy: Can We Get Something From Nothing?"
2347:
Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers
2147:(13, illustrated, revised ed.). Nolo. p. 99.
1528:"Death-defying time crystal could outlast the universe"
1050:
are located at the joint foci of the two ellipses and
3975:
1845:
1187:, perpetual motion machines have become the focus of
750:
411:
as a perpetual motion machine was first discussed by
852:
A device powered by induced nuclear reactions or by
1901:
1505:
1116:Ellipsoid paradox surface and rays emitted by body
2738:
1458:
1066:: the radiation originating from the blackbody at
1070:will land on and be absorbed by the blackbody at
4011:
2035:
955:: This was originally proposed to show that the
1290:. Vol. 218, no. 1. pp. 115–122.
918:In certain quantum-mechanical systems (such as
2804:What is known about perpetual motion in detail
2463:. Chedd-Angier Production Company. 1997–1998.
1513:"Physicists Create World's First Time Crystal"
1415:
2849:List of topics characterized as pseudoscience
2824:
1519:
226:operating between the same two temperatures.
2379:
2109:
1986:
1574:"Can matter cycle through shapes eternally?"
1401:"Free energy: when the web is freewheeling".
2669:
2568:
2455:"Perpetual motion, on season 8 , episode 2"
2325:
2132:
2130:
2091:
1612:
1565:
1323:. Princeton University Press. p. 167.
579:
298:perpetual motion machine of the second kind
2831:
2817:
2614:"How to Design a Perpetual Energy Machine"
2344:
1774:. US: Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 64.
1542:
619:Perpetual motion wheels from a drawing by
314:perpetual motion machine of the third kind
279:perpetual motion machine of the first kind
3957:The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience
3898:Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science
2752:
2204:"UK-IPO gets tougher on perpetual motion"
2058:
1895:
1472:
1179:Free energy suppression conspiracy theory
1074:. Similarly, rays originating from point
820:around it, such as a solar-powered motor.
688:United States Patent and Trademark Office
517:Learn how and when to remove this message
39:Perpetual Motion Machine (disambiguation)
2711:) is being considered for deletion. See
2338:
2136:
2127:
1525:
1111:
774:
664:
614:
591:
574:
336:
135:, so they will not keep moving forever.
61:
50:
3862:Suppressed research in the Soviet Union
2611:
2475:
2421:
2419:
2373:
2212:, 12 June 2008. Accessed June 12, 2008.
2041:
1767:
1756:
1731:
1725:
1285:
1281:
1279:
856:from an isotope with a relatively long
783:Some examples of such devices include:
415:in 1900 but it was not until 1912 that
14:
4012:
2514:
2223:"Patents Ex parte decision (O/044/06)"
2016:
1980:
1872:
1866:
1618:
1571:
1452:
1172:
989:: In order to explain effects such as
938:
634:to float an object. This is done in a
2812:
2670:Brassington, Jamie (April 21, 2020).
1548:
1350:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 58.
1316:
770:
2636:
2416:
2161:
2121:Manual of Patent Examining Procedure
2103:Manual of Patent Examining Procedure
1987:Harmor, Greg; Abbott, Derek (2005).
1818:
1812:
1382:. Oxforddictionaries.com. 2012-11-22
1310:
1276:
563:The seemingly mysterious ability of
499:adding citations to reliable sources
470:
164:History of perpetual motion machines
2447:
2438:National Ground Intelligence Center
1943:"The perpetual myth of free energy"
1852:. Prentice-Hall India. p. 51.
1839:
1784:
1343:
172:
24:
3911:James Randi Educational Foundation
2806:, Published on USIIC May 21, 2023
1989:"The Feynman-Smoluchowski ratchet"
1526:Grossman, Lisa (18 January 2012).
1337:
1304:10.1038/scientificamerican0168-114
751:Apparent perpetual motion machines
25:
4036:
2838:
2791:, January 1954, pp. 108–111.
2715:to help reach a consensus. ›
2694:
2425:
1993:Parrondo's Paradox Research Group
1788:An Introduction to Thermodynamics
399:cannot work, so one must explain
325:
268:
32:Perpetual motion (disambiguation)
3997:
3985:
3308:Strauss–Howe generational theory
3286:Moon landing conspiracy theories
3083:Electromagnetic hypersensitivity
2786:"Perpetual Motion - Just Isn't."
2727:The Museum of Unworkable Devices
2521:Phlogistin / Scientific American
2471:from the original on 2006-01-01.
2259:. patent.gov.uk/. Archived from
1972:"CE410: Are constants constant?"
1738:The Museum of Unworkable Devices
1380:"Definition of perpetual motion"
1320:What Science Is and How It Works
1317:Derry, Gregory N. (2002-03-04).
647:, thereby degrading the vacuum.
475:
436:The Nature of the Physical World
332:
3936:The Natural History of Quackery
3878:Committee for Skeptical Inquiry
2663:
2630:
2612:Mutalik, Pradeep (April 2020).
2605:
2562:
2542:
2515:Visser, Matt (3 October 1996).
2508:
2319:
2294:
2277:
2246:
2215:
2192:
2010:
1965:
1935:
1778:
1710:
1690:
1549:Cowen, Ron (27 February 2012).
1344:Roy, Bimalendu Narayan (2002).
1255:
886:
486:needs additional citations for
146:In 2016, new states of matter,
76:(1940), a short film featuring
1819:Wong, Kau-Fui Vincent (2000).
1771:Leonardo da Vinci's note-books
1682:The American Historical Review
1409:
1393:
1372:
1238:
1136:are point like, all rays from
745:European Patent Classification
305:in a cyclic process (see also
13:
1:
2795:In Our Time: Perpetual Motion
2700:
2489:'Dr' Bearden's Vacuum Energy"
2460:Scientific American Frontiers
2367:10.1016/S0967-0637(98)00070-3
2327:WO application 2008037004
2077:10.1016/j.physrep.2012.10.007
1269:
1164:and may eventually return to
1156:are extended, some rays from
466:
291:law of conservation of energy
3943:The Psychology of the Occult
3198:Traditional Chinese medicine
3073:Doktor Koster's Antigaspills
2930:Superseded scientific theory
2045:(2013). "Self-oscillation".
1822:Thermodynamics for Engineers
1698:Conquest of the Ngarrindjeri
1491:10.1088/0004-637X/722/2/1030
957:second law of thermodynamics
722:United Kingdom Patent Office
387:, direct measurement of the
303:second law of thermodynamics
208:second law of thermodynamics
198:that perpetual motion in an
7:
3554:Electronic voice phenomenon
3411:Myers–Briggs Type Indicator
3271:Chemtrail conspiracy theory
2571:American Journal of Physics
2169:"Manual of Patent Practice"
1732:Simanek, Donald E. (2012).
1194:
1183:Despite being dismissed as
322:third law of thermodynamics
204:first law of thermodynamics
10:
4041:
3950:The Ragged Edge of Science
3681:Igor and Grichka Bogdanoff
3624:Pseudoscientific metrology
3148:Miracle Mineral Supplement
2123:(8 ed.). August 2001.
2105:(8 ed.). August 2001.
1825:. CRC Press. p. 154.
1176:
1104:will be reflected back to
901:spin-stabilized satellites
681:
632:electromagnetic levitation
389:speed of light in the past
176:
161:
157:
43:
36:
29:
3870:
3834:
3661:
3564:Facilitated communication
3494:
3424:
3228:
2963:
2950:
2855:
2846:
2741:Reviews of Modern Physics
2497:. January/February 2007.
2291:. Accessed June 12, 2008.
1586:10.1038/nature.2013.13657
1120:in the direction of body
818:electromagnetic radiation
3964:The Skeptic's Dictionary
3522:Biological transmutation
3442:Faster-than-light travel
3416:Enneagram of Personality
3382:Recovered-memory therapy
3266:9/11 conspiracy theories
2713:templates for discussion
2137:Pressman, David (2008).
1873:Barrow, John D. (1998).
1768:McCurdy, Edward (1906).
1678:Lynn Townsend White, Jr.
1406:, January–February 2018.
1231:
1160:will not be incident on
1038:and a spherical section
443:In the mid-19th-century
432:Arthur Stanley Eddington
111:laws of thermodynamics.
97:perpetual motion machine
18:Perpetual motion machine
3929:The Demon-Haunted World
3847:Bourgeois pseudoscience
3281:COVID-19 misinformation
3220:Young blood transfusion
2991:Anthroposophic medicine
2771:10.1103/RevModPhys.81.1
2648:Oxford University Press
1975:The TalkOrigins Archive
1879:Oxford University Press
1721:Newman's energy machine
997:, many formulations of
894:flywheel energy storage
550:and an official of the
353:Epistemic impossibility
189:Leonardo da Vinci, 1494
129:gravitational radiation
3761:Corentin Louis Kervran
3629:Rapid prompting method
3517:Biodynamic agriculture
3507:Aquatic ape hypothesis
3365:Historical negationism
3068:Doctrine of signatures
2935:True-believer syndrome
2017:Dircks, Henry (1861).
1909:; Safko, John (2002).
1785:Rao, Y. V. C. (2004).
1572:Powell, Devin (2013).
1169:
977:laws of thermodynamics
780:
730:
714:
705:
671:
623:
597:
589:
580:
540:
464:
441:
348:
341:October 1920 issue of
212:conservation of energy
192:
116:laws of thermodynamics
89:
59:
3766:The Light (newspaper)
3751:William Donald Kelley
3644:Voice stress analysis
3276:Climate change denial
3215:Wind turbine syndrome
3210:Vertebral subluxation
3103:Germ theory denialism
1700:(1979), pp. 234-236,
1461:Astrophysical Journal
1418:Astrophysical Journal
1115:
1092:will be reflected to
838:, due to it having a
778:
726:
709:
696:
668:
618:
595:
586:Villard de Honnecourt
578:
528:
449:
422:
368:proven mathematically
340:
285:without the input of
182:
74:Something for Nothing
72:
54:
3756:Robert F. Kennedy Jr
3716:Ignatius L. Donnelly
3387:Past life regression
3246:Arabian Judah theory
3193:Traditional medicine
2986:Alternative medicine
2915:Pathological science
2254:"Challenge decision"
1221:Pathological science
1140:must be incident on
1062:heat up relative to
1054:is at the center of
1042:, and the bodies at
865:Oxford Electric Bell
779:The "capillary bowl"
707:And, further, that:
495:improve this article
202:violates either the
196:scientific consensus
30:For other uses, see
3852:Demarcation problem
3686:Brigitte Boisselier
3315:Hollow Earth theory
3298:Generational theory
2996:Applied kinesiology
2763:2009RvMP...81....1M
2583:2011AmJPh..79..811Y
2555:Scientific American
2394:1996Natur.381..595R
2359:1998DSRI...45.1977M
2069:2013PhR...525..167J
1913:Classical Mechanics
1633:2017Natur.543..164G
1555:Scientific American
1483:2010ApJ...722.1030W
1430:1989ApJ...345..434T
1356:2002fcst.book.....N
1296:1968SciAm.218a.114A
1288:Scientific American
1189:conspiracy theories
1173:Conspiracy theories
939:Thought experiments
911:rate of about 3.75
757:quantum uncertainty
417:Marian Smoluchowski
405:thought experiments
326:§ Low friction
125:interstellar medium
3922:Skeptical Inquirer
3821:Paul Joseph Watson
3796:Hans Alfred Nieper
3634:Statement analysis
3584:Intelligent design
3459:Reactionless drive
3293:Conversion therapy
3241:Ancient astronauts
3128:Leaky gut syndrome
3108:HIV/AIDS denialism
2863:Cargo cult science
2732:2018-09-14 at the
2677:Express & Star
2501:2019-04-03 at the
2494:Skeptical Inquirer
2144:Patent It Yourself
2043:Jenkins, Alejandro
1903:Goldstein, Herbert
1404:Skeptikal Inquirer
1399:Point, Sébastien.
1211:Incredible utility
1170:
945:thought experiment
811:Crookes radiometer
781:
771:Resource consuming
672:
624:
598:
590:
349:
235:thermal efficiency
224:Carnot heat engine
90:
82:U.S. Patent Office
60:
3973:
3972:
3884:Cults of Unreason
3857:Scientific method
3786:Ministry of Ayush
3731:Nicholas Gonzalez
3657:
3656:
3594:Law of attraction
3574:Flat Earth theory
3454:Quantum mysticism
3394:Scientific racism
3350:Pseudoarchaeology
3256:Conspiracy theory
2954:characterized as
2898:Pseudomathematics
2888:Pseudoarchaeology
2789:Popular Mechanics
2591:10.1119/1.3596430
2558:. 18 August 1997.
2154:978-1-4133-0854-9
1928:978-0-201-65702-9
1888:978-0-19-851890-7
1859:978-8-12-032727-6
1832:978-0-84-930232-9
1798:978-81-7371-461-0
1627:(7644): 164–166.
1250:Archimedes' screw
1206:Faster-than-light
1010:Ellipsoid paradox
991:virtual particles
987:zero-point energy
924:superconductivity
854:radioactive decay
656:unidirectionality
621:Leonardo da Vinci
548:Bishop of Chester
527:
526:
519:
364:Noether's theorem
133:thermal radiation
80:illustrating the
70:
16:(Redirected from
4032:
4020:Perpetual motion
4002:
4001:
3990:
3989:
3981:
3826:Andrew Wakefield
3527:Creation science
3486:Water-fueled car
3448:Perpetual motion
3370:Holocaust denial
3340:Nibiru cataclysm
3335:Nazi archaeology
3138:Macrobiotic diet
2961:
2960:
2833:
2826:
2819:
2810:
2809:
2782:
2756:
2718:Perpetual motion
2688:
2687:
2685:
2684:
2667:
2661:
2660:
2640:(May 25, 2000),
2634:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2624:
2609:
2603:
2602:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2546:
2540:
2538:Alternative link
2536:
2534:
2532:
2527:on July 14, 2008
2523:. Archived from
2512:
2506:
2488:
2479:
2473:
2472:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2432:
2426:Aiken, Amber M.
2423:
2414:
2413:
2402:10.1038/381595a0
2377:
2371:
2370:
2342:
2336:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2313:
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2275:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2265:
2258:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2240:
2234:
2228:. Archived from
2227:
2219:
2213:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2180:
2173:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2134:
2125:
2124:
2113:
2107:
2106:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2062:
2039:
2033:
2032:
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2014:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2004:
1984:
1978:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1956:
1954:
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1782:
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1775:
1760:
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1753:
1751:
1749:
1744:on 23 April 2012
1729:
1723:
1714:
1708:
1694:
1688:
1687:(3), p. 522-526.
1675:
1669:
1668:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1604:. Archived from
1569:
1563:
1562:
1557:. Archived from
1546:
1540:
1539:
1534:. Archived from
1523:
1517:
1516:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1476:
1467:(2): 1030–1034.
1456:
1450:
1449:
1413:
1407:
1397:
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1390:
1388:
1387:
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1369:
1341:
1335:
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1314:
1308:
1307:
1283:
1263:
1259:
1253:
1242:
1185:pseudoscientific
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
968:Brownian ratchet
943:In some cases a
932:capillary action
877:
796:capillary action
660:Brownian ratchet
583:
581:Perpetuum mobile
538:
522:
515:
511:
508:
502:
479:
471:
462:
439:
413:Gabriel Lippmann
409:Brownian ratchet
229:In other words:
190:
173:Basic principles
93:Perpetual motion
71:
21:
4040:
4039:
4035:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4030:
4029:
4010:
4009:
4008:
3996:
3984:
3976:
3974:
3969:
3866:
3842:Bogdanov affair
3830:
3810:Claude Vorilhon
3696:Robert Charroux
3671:Sucharit Bhakdi
3663:
3653:
3490:
3420:
3360:Genocide denial
3325:Japhetic theory
3320:Indigo children
3236:2012 phenomenon
3224:
3168:Patent medicine
3088:Energy medicine
3061:Colon cleansing
3046:Crystal healing
2981:Adrenal fatigue
2955:
2953:
2946:
2851:
2842:
2837:
2734:Wayback Machine
2716:
2697:
2692:
2691:
2682:
2680:
2668:
2664:
2658:
2638:Park, Robert L.
2635:
2631:
2622:
2620:
2618:Quanta Magazine
2610:
2606:
2567:
2563:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2530:
2528:
2513:
2509:
2503:Wayback Machine
2486:
2480:
2476:
2453:
2452:
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2128:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2047:Physics Reports
2040:
2036:
2026:
2024:
2015:
2011:
2002:
2000:
1985:
1981:
1970:
1966:
1952:
1950:
1941:
1940:
1936:
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1900:
1896:
1889:
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1801:
1799:
1783:
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1761:
1757:
1747:
1745:
1730:
1726:
1715:
1711:
1696:Graham Jenkin,
1695:
1691:
1676:
1672:
1641:10.1038/543164a
1617:
1613:
1570:
1566:
1547:
1543:
1524:
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1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1091:
1084:
1037:
1030:
999:quantum physics
972:Brownian motion
953:Maxwell's demon
941:
889:
871:
825:Cox's timepiece
800:vapour pressure
773:
761:Brownian motion
753:
684:
652:Maxwell's demon
539:
534:
523:
512:
506:
503:
492:
480:
469:
463:
456:
440:
429:
376:time invariance
344:Popular Science
335:
271:
259:Cox's timepiece
246:irreversibility
200:isolated system
191:
188:
181:
175:
166:
160:
62:
49:
42:
35:
28:
23:
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3872:
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3865:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3838:
3836:
3835:Related topics
3832:
3831:
3829:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3816:Randolph Stone
3813:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3791:Theodor Morell
3788:
3783:
3781:Joseph Mercola
3778:
3776:Jenny McCarthy
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3741:Graham Hancock
3738:
3736:Goop (company)
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3711:Vernon Coleman
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
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3654:
3652:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3545:
3544:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3498:
3496:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3476:Teleportation
3473:
3472:
3471:
3466:
3456:
3451:
3445:
3439:
3434:
3428:
3426:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3407:
3406:
3404:Melanin theory
3401:
3391:
3390:
3389:
3379:
3374:
3373:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3352:
3347:
3345:Parapsychology
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3311:
3310:
3305:
3295:
3290:
3289:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3232:
3230:
3229:Social science
3226:
3225:
3223:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3201:
3200:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3178:Primal therapy
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3143:Magnet therapy
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3056:Detoxification
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2967:
2965:
2958:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2944:
2941:Voodoo Science
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2901:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2883:Fringe science
2875:
2870:
2865:
2859:
2857:
2853:
2852:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2836:
2835:
2828:
2821:
2813:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2792:
2783:
2736:
2724:
2696:
2695:External links
2693:
2690:
2689:
2662:
2657:978-0195147100
2656:
2643:Voodoo Science
2629:
2604:
2577:(8): 811–818.
2561:
2541:
2507:
2482:Martin Gardner
2474:
2446:
2415:
2372:
2337:
2318:
2293:
2276:
2245:
2214:
2191:
2160:
2153:
2126:
2108:
2090:
2053:(2): 167–222.
2034:
2009:
1979:
1964:
1934:
1927:
1907:Poole, Charles
1894:
1887:
1865:
1858:
1838:
1831:
1811:
1797:
1777:
1755:
1724:
1709:
1689:
1670:
1611:
1608:on 2017-02-03.
1564:
1561:on 2017-02-02.
1541:
1538:on 2017-02-02.
1518:
1504:
1451:
1438:10.1086/167917
1408:
1392:
1371:
1365:978-0470843130
1364:
1336:
1330:978-1400823116
1329:
1309:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1254:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1216:Johann Bessler
1213:
1208:
1203:
1196:
1193:
1177:Main article:
1174:
1171:
1148:) When bodies
1128:) When bodies
1110:
1109:
1089:
1082:
1035:
1028:
1007:
995:Casimir effect
980:
965:
940:
937:
936:
935:
916:
897:
888:
885:
884:
883:
878:are driven by
861:
850:
843:
832:
821:
814:
807:
804:cohesion force
792:
772:
769:
752:
749:
741:
740:
737:
683:
680:
569:magnetic motor
532:
525:
524:
483:
481:
474:
468:
465:
457:Henry Dircks,
454:
427:
334:
331:
330:
329:
310:
294:
270:
269:Classification
267:
250:
249:
242:
238:
186:
179:Thermodynamics
177:Main article:
174:
171:
162:Main article:
159:
156:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4037:
4026:
4025:Pseudoscience
4023:
4021:
4018:
4017:
4015:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3982:
3979:
3966:
3965:
3961:
3959:
3958:
3954:
3952:
3951:
3947:
3945:
3944:
3940:
3938:
3937:
3933:
3931:
3930:
3926:
3924:
3923:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3906:
3905:Fortean Times
3902:
3900:
3899:
3895:
3893:
3892:
3888:
3886:
3885:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3869:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3833:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3811:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3701:Deepak Chopra
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3664:pseudoscience
3660:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3532:Cryptozoology
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3493:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3449:
3446:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3432:Anti-gravity
3430:
3429:
3427:
3423:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3396:
3395:
3392:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3356:
3355:Pseudohistory
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3303:Generationism
3301:
3300:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3261:5G conspiracy
3259:
3258:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3251:Catastrophism
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3227:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3098:FasciaBlaster
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3036:Correactology
3034:
3032:
3031:Chromotherapy
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2956:pseudoscience
2949:
2943:
2942:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2893:Pseudohistory
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2879:
2878:Fringe theory
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2845:
2841:
2840:Pseudoscience
2834:
2829:
2827:
2822:
2820:
2815:
2814:
2811:
2807:
2805:
2799:
2796:
2793:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2719:
2714:
2710:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2698:
2679:
2678:
2673:
2666:
2659:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2644:
2639:
2633:
2619:
2615:
2608:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2565:
2557:
2556:
2551:
2545:
2539:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2511:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2495:
2490:
2483:
2478:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2461:
2456:
2450:
2443:
2439:
2436:
2429:
2422:
2420:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2388:(6583): 595.
2387:
2383:
2376:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2341:
2328:
2322:
2307:
2303:
2297:
2290:
2286:
2283:ECLA classes
2280:
2266:on 2007-09-29
2262:
2255:
2249:
2235:on 2007-09-27
2231:
2224:
2218:
2211:
2210:
2205:
2201:
2195:
2181:on 2007-09-29
2177:
2170:
2164:
2156:
2150:
2146:
2145:
2140:
2133:
2131:
2122:
2118:
2112:
2104:
2100:
2094:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2038:
2023:. p. 354
2022:
2021:
2013:
1999:on 2009-10-11
1998:
1994:
1990:
1983:
1976:
1973:
1968:
1961:
1949:. 9 July 2007
1948:
1944:
1938:
1930:
1924:
1920:
1915:
1914:
1908:
1904:
1898:
1890:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1869:
1861:
1855:
1851:
1850:
1842:
1834:
1828:
1824:
1823:
1815:
1800:
1794:
1790:
1789:
1781:
1773:
1772:
1765:
1759:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1728:
1722:
1718:
1713:
1707:
1706:0-7270-1112-X
1703:
1699:
1693:
1686:
1683:
1679:
1674:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1615:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1568:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1545:
1537:
1533:
1532:New Scientist
1529:
1522:
1514:
1508:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1455:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1412:
1405:
1402:
1396:
1381:
1375:
1367:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1348:
1340:
1332:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1313:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1282:
1280:
1275:
1258:
1251:
1247:
1241:
1237:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1180:
1114:
1107:
1103:
1100:will land on
1099:
1095:
1088:
1081:
1078:that land on
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1034:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1004:
1003:pseudoscience
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
983:Vacuum energy
981:
978:
973:
969:
966:
963:
958:
954:
951:
950:
949:
946:
933:
929:
928:liquid helium
925:
921:
920:superfluidity
917:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
895:
891:
890:
881:
875:
870:
866:
862:
859:
855:
851:
848:
844:
841:
837:
833:
830:
829:Beverly Clock
826:
822:
819:
815:
812:
808:
805:
801:
797:
793:
790:
789:drinking bird
786:
785:
784:
777:
768:
766:
762:
758:
748:
746:
738:
735:
734:
733:
729:
725:
723:
718:
713:
708:
704:
702:
695:
693:
689:
679:
676:
667:
663:
661:
657:
653:
648:
646:
642:
637:
633:
629:
622:
617:
613:
611:
607:
602:
594:
588:(about 1230).
587:
582:
577:
573:
570:
566:
561:
559:
558:
553:
552:Royal Society
549:
545:
537:
531:
521:
518:
510:
500:
496:
490:
489:
484:This section
482:
478:
473:
472:
460:
453:
448:
446:
437:
433:
426:
421:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
396:
394:
390:
386:
380:
377:
373:
369:
365:
360:
358:
354:
346:
345:
339:
333:Impossibility
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
308:
304:
299:
295:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
275:
274:
266:
262:
260:
254:
247:
243:
239:
236:
232:
231:
230:
227:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
185:
180:
170:
165:
155:
153:
149:
148:time crystals
144:
142:
136:
134:
130:
126:
122:
117:
112:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
87:
83:
79:
78:Rube Goldberg
75:
57:
53:
47:
40:
33:
19:
3962:
3955:
3948:
3941:
3934:
3927:
3920:
3903:
3896:
3889:
3882:
3771:Mike Lindell
3691:Rhonda Byrne
3662:Promoters of
3649:Water memory
3589:Laundry ball
3481:Tractor beam
3447:
3437:Cold fusion
3133:Lunar effect
3078:Ear candling
3026:Chiropractic
3016:Bloodletting
3006:Bates method
2976:Aromatherapy
2939:
2905:Junk science
2802:
2788:
2744:
2740:
2706:
2681:. Retrieved
2675:
2665:
2641:
2632:
2621:. Retrieved
2617:
2607:
2574:
2570:
2564:
2553:
2544:
2529:. Retrieved
2525:the original
2520:
2510:
2492:
2477:
2458:
2449:
2441:
2385:
2381:
2375:
2353:(12): 1977.
2350:
2346:
2340:
2321:
2310:. Retrieved
2308:. 2023-03-28
2305:
2296:
2279:
2268:. Retrieved
2261:the original
2248:
2237:. Retrieved
2230:the original
2217:
2207:
2194:
2183:. Retrieved
2176:the original
2163:
2143:
2120:
2111:
2102:
2093:
2050:
2046:
2037:
2025:. Retrieved
2019:
2012:
2001:. Retrieved
1997:the original
1992:
1982:
1974:
1967:
1958:
1951:. Retrieved
1946:
1937:
1912:
1897:
1874:
1868:
1848:
1841:
1821:
1814:
1802:. Retrieved
1787:
1780:
1770:
1763:
1758:
1746:. Retrieved
1742:the original
1737:
1727:
1712:
1697:
1692:
1684:
1681:
1673:
1624:
1620:
1614:
1606:the original
1577:
1567:
1559:the original
1554:
1544:
1536:the original
1531:
1521:
1507:
1464:
1460:
1454:
1421:
1417:
1411:
1403:
1395:
1384:. Retrieved
1374:
1346:
1339:
1319:
1312:
1287:
1257:
1240:
1201:Anti-gravity
1182:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1086:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1032:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1014:black bodies
942:
887:Low friction
782:
754:
742:
731:
727:
719:
715:
710:
706:
697:
685:
673:
655:
649:
640:
625:
599:
562:
555:
544:John Wilkins
541:
536:Nikola Tesla
529:
513:
504:
493:Please help
488:verification
485:
458:
450:
445:Henry Dircks
442:
435:
423:
400:
397:
385:spectroscopy
381:
366:, which was
361:
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152:ground state
145:
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127:resistance,
113:
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56:Robert Fludd
3676:Del Bigtree
3163:Panchagavya
3153:Naturopathy
3021:Body memory
2971:Acupuncture
2856:Terminology
2747:(1): 1–23.
2701:‹ The
1424:: 434–450.
1246:water wheel
1226:Time travel
872: [
869:Karpen Pile
847:Atmos clock
670:dissipated.
628:diamagnetic
507:August 2010
220:heat engine
194:There is a
139:eventually
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4014:Categories
3916:Quackwatch
3746:David Icke
3726:Max Gerson
3721:Gaia, Inc.
3609:Numerology
3604:Lysenkoism
3599:Levitation
3579:Graphology
3464:Dean drive
3399:Aryan race
3330:Mediumship
3205:Trepanning
3173:Phrenology
3113:Homeopathy
3011:Biorhythms
2910:Paranormal
2683:2021-02-15
2623:2020-06-08
2312:2023-03-29
2306:Wiktionary
2289:F03B17/00B
2270:2019-11-14
2239:2013-03-04
2185:2007-02-13
2003:2010-01-15
1386:2012-11-27
1270:References
1016:at points
882:batteries.
467:Techniques
395:of years.
121:solar wind
3871:Resources
3801:Mehmet Oz
3619:Polygraph
3569:Feng shui
3537:Dianetics
3512:Astrology
3377:Pseudolaw
3183:Radionics
3158:Palmistry
3123:Iridology
2925:Snake oil
2868:Charlatan
2754:0707.3400
2599:0002-9505
2435:U.S. Army
2302:"machine"
2285:F03B17/04
2085:227438422
2060:1109.6640
2027:17 August
1953:16 August
1748:3 October
1649:0028-0836
1602:181223762
1594:1476-4687
1499:118573183
1474:1011.0718
1446:120688730
913:terawatts
858:half-life
836:heat pump
281:produces
3559:Eugenics
3542:Auditing
3118:Humorism
3093:Fad diet
3041:Cryonics
3001:Ayurveda
2964:Medicine
2920:Quackery
2779:18436180
2730:Archived
2703:template
2499:Archived
2469:Archived
1947:BBC News
1804:1 August
1657:28277535
1195:See also
993:and the
880:dry pile
867:and the
701:examiner
675:Buoyancy
645:vaporize
606:Bhaskara
533:—
455:—
428:—
393:billions
187:—
141:burn out
86:gasoline
3992:Physics
3978:Portals
3706:Clonaid
3639:Ufology
3549:Dowsing
3502:Alchemy
3469:EMDrive
3425:Physics
3051:Cupping
2952:Topics
2759:Bibcode
2705:below (
2579:Bibcode
2410:4367240
2390:Bibcode
2355:Bibcode
2141:(ed.).
2065:Bibcode
1665:4460265
1629:Bibcode
1479:Bibcode
1426:Bibcode
1352:Bibcode
1292:Bibcode
1262:device.
962:entropy
909:average
712:policy.
692:patents
682:Patents
641:perfect
601:Gravity
565:magnets
357:current
328:below).
307:entropy
158:History
107:and/or
4004:Energy
3614:Orgone
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2722:Curlie
2708:Curlie
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636:vacuum
610:torque
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438:(1927)
372:action
287:energy
206:, the
114:These
109:second
101:energy
3495:Other
3188:Reiki
2873:Crank
2775:S2CID
2749:arXiv
2431:(PDF)
2406:S2CID
2264:(PDF)
2257:(PDF)
2233:(PDF)
2226:(PDF)
2209:IPKat
2179:(PDF)
2172:(PDF)
2081:S2CID
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1661:S2CID
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1495:S2CID
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765:water
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2595:ISSN
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1955:2010
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1653:PMID
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