1646:
332:
38:
5234:
Alves, Victor Hugo
Sampaio. "As Direções em que Thor Arremessou sua Arma: Apontamentos Sobre a Etimologia e os Paralelos Mitológicos de Mjölnir". In: NEARCO (Núcleo de Estudos da Antiguidade-NEA da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro): Revista Eletrônica de Antiguidade 2020, Volume XII, Número
1051:
A mythical multi-headed water-serpent is connected with the thunder-deity in an epic battle. The monstrous foe is a "blocker of waters", and his heads are eventually smashed by the thunder-deity to release the pent-up torrents of rain. The myth has numerous reflexes in mythical stories of battles
1043:
were performed in times of summer drought to make it rain, usually in June and July, but sometimes also in the spring months when there was severe drought. In different
Albanian regions, for rainmaking purposes, people threw water upwards to make it subsequently fall to the ground in the form of
4671:
1565:, prosperity and progress in people, in livestock and in agriculture, or that rifle bullets would not hit the owners of the thunder-stones. A common practice was to hang a thunder-stone pendant on the body of the cattle or on the pregnant woman for good luck and to counteract the
971:, the name of a ritual prayer calling for fructifying rains and centred on the dance of a naked virgin who had not yet had her first monthly period. The earth is likewise referred to as "menstruating" in a Vedic hymn to Parjanya, a possible cognate of
4593:, p. 253: "When represented in art, the thunderbolt is shown held in Zeus’ fist, typically with three spiky flames shooting out at each end. However, this iconography derives from Near Eastern art and does not reflect Indo-European tradition."
638:
thus either meant "the
Striker" or "the Lord of Oaks". A theory uniting those two etymologies has been proposed in the mythological association of oaks with thunder, suggested by the frequency with which such tall trees are struck by lightning.
1227:
meaning "to flash, tone, to strike (till sparks fly off)". An association between strike, stones and fire, can be related to the observation that one can kindle fire by striking stones against each other. The act of
3902:
394:. In a widespread Indo-European myth, the thunder-deity fights a multi-headed water-serpent during an epic battle in order to release torrents of water that had previously been pent up. The name of his weapon,
6995:
3186:, figure invoked in rainmaking in Southeast Europe, which is of obscure etymology, but considered by some as a reduplicated feminine derivative from Perun's name, which would parallel the Old Norse couple
5723:
Vennemann, Theo. (2008). Lombards and consonant shift: A Unified
Account of the High Germanic Consonant Shift. In: 18th International Conference on Historical Linguistics/Workshop Origins, Volume 33. pp.
5382:
5344:
Georgiev, Vladimir I.. "Thrakisch und
Dakisch". Band 29/2. Teilband Sprache und Literatur (Sprachen und Schriften ), edited by Wolfgang Haase, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1983. p. 1209.
2834:: Perkos/Perkon (Περκος/Περκων), a horseman hero depicted as facing a tree surrounded by a snake. His name is also attested as Ήρω Περκω and Περκώνει "in Odessos and the vicinities".
1286:
is often portrayed in connection with stone and (wooded) mountains; mountainous forests were considered to be his realm. A cognate relationship has been noted between the
1362:
was used as a poetic synonym for 'the land, the earth', and she could have originally been the mistress of the wooded mountains, the personification of what appears in
947:
While his thunder and lightning had a destructive connotation, they could also be seen as a regenerative force since they were often accompanied by fructifying rains.
7002:
5474:Поэтические воззрения славян на природу: Опыт сравнительного изучения славянских преданий и верований в связи с мифическими сказаниями других родственных народов
5119:Поэтические воззрения славян на природу: Опыт сравнительного изучения славянских преданий и верований в связи с мифическими сказаниями других родственных народов
5733:Łuczyński, Michał. “Kognitywna Definicja Peruna: Etnolingwistyczna próba Rekonstrukcji Fragmentu słowiańskiego Tradycyjnego Mitologicznego Obrazu świata" . In:
4727:Łuczyński, Michał. “Kognitywna Definicja Peruna: Etnolingwistyczna próba Rekonstrukcji Fragmentu słowiańskiego Tradycyjnego Mitologicznego Obrazu świata" . In:
4270:
5132:
Raede, John W. "Upper
Lusatian Synonyms, A Language-Building Element." Canadian Slavonic Papers / Revue Canadienne Des Slavistes 11, no. 2 (1969): 221-35.
879:
in the Baltic and Old Norse traditions, which personifies lightning and is generally conceived as a club, mace, or hammer made of stone or metal. In the
5642:
Bernardo
Stempel, Patrizia de; Hainzmann, Manfred, and Mathieu, Nicolas. “Celtic and Other Indigenous Divine Names Found in the Italian Peninsula.” In:
4659:
Kregždys, Rolandas. "Teonimų, minimų „Sūduvių knygelėje“, etimologinė analizė – dievybių funkcijos, hierarchija: Bardoayts, Gardoayts, Perdoyts". In:
7228:
84:
6512:
Treimer, Karl (1971). "Zur Rückerschliessung der illyrischen Götterwelt und ihre
Bedeutung für die südslawische Philologie". In Henrik Barić (ed.).
5377:
538:
1453:. The motif of the stony skies can be found in the story of the Greek Akmon ('anvil'), the father of Ouranos and the personified Heaven. The term
1019:– a name that is used in Albanian for "god, sky", but considered by some scholars to be an Albanian thunder-god, cognate to Proto-Indo-European
6722:
Ivanov, Viatcheslav; Toporov, Vladimir (1970). "Le Mythe Indo-européen du Dieu de l'Orage
Poursuivant le Serpent: Reconstruction du Schéma".
5104:
Raede, John W. "The
Linguistic Importance of Lusatian." Canadian Slavonic Papers / Revue Canadienne Des Slavistes 9, no. 2 (1967): 231-44.
768:(attached to Jupiter). According to scholar Peter Jackson, "they may have arisen as the result of fossilization of an original epithet or
1378:
and fuelled by oakwood in the forests or on hilltops. Pagans believed that Perkūnas would freeze if Christians extinguished those fires.
4615:
Sinkevicius, Rokas. "Perkūno nutrenkto medžio motyvas: sąsajos su vestuviniais papročiais". In: Tautosakos darbai 56, 2018. pp. 84-109.
4299:
7024:
1252:
dedicated to him. According to Belarusian folklore, Piarun made the first fire ever by striking a tree in which the Demon was hiding.
4173:. Edited by Kapaló James, Pócs Éva, and Ryan William. Central European University Press, 2013. pp. 227-228. Accessed April 27, 2021.
1261:
is another motif in the myths surrounding the Baltic Perkūnas and the Vedic Parjanya. In Lithuanian and Latvian folkloric material,
583:
6988:
5958:. 1 / ed. by Jowita Niewulis-Grablunas, Justyna Prusinowska, Ewa Stryczyńska-Hodyl. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Rys, 2008. pp. 21-40.
1317:, and both the Belarusian Piarun and the Lithuanian Perkūnas were said to dwell on lofty mountaintops. Such places are called
6739:
6555:
6483:
6461:
6435:
6369:
6343:
6195:. Vol. VII: Contributions to Comparative Mythology: Studies in Linguistics and Philology, 1972–1982. Walter de Gruyter.
6132:
6088:
5993:
5646:. Edited by Patrizia de Bernardo Stempel and Andreas Hofeneder, 1st ed. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 2013. pp. 80-81.
4844:
4690:
4327:
5890:
Zaroff, Roman. “Organized Pagan Cult in Kievan Rus’. The Invention of Foreign Elite or Evolution of Local Tradition? ”. In:
4296:
Hittite Vocabulary: An Anatolian Appendix to Buck's Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages
4251:
6799:
6599:
Zaroff, Roman. "Organized pagan cult in Kievan Rus: The invention of foreign elite or evolution of local tradition? ". In:
5696:
Zaroff, Roman. "Organized pagan cult in Kievan Rus: The invention of foreign elite or evolution of local tradition? ". In:
1667:
should be represented with a thunderstone, as the depiction of the hand holding the thunderbolt is of Near Eastern origin.
1656:
7019:
3320:
Scholarship indicates the existence of a holdover of the theonym in European toponymy, specially in Eastern European and
2933:
353:
1618:
are said to strike rocks instead of oaks in some themes of the Lithuanian and Belarusian folklores, and that the Slavic
6533:
6413:
1346:
6151:
Jackson, Peter (2002). "Light from Distant Asterisks. Towards a Description of the Indo-European Religious Heritage".
7249:
6821:
6502:
6391:
6263:
6244:
6222:
6200:
6110:
6069:
6035:
5963:
5792:
5499:
5093:
4648:
4492:
4472:
4264:
5938:
4353:
5224:
1459:
was also used with the meaning 'thunderbolt' in Homeric and Hesiodic diction. Other cognates appear in the Vedic
3278:
ultimately stem from those of Perkunos. Anatolians may have dropped the old name in order to adopt the epithet *
7198:
6306:
Le Quellec, Jean-Loïc (1996). "Mégalithes et traditions populaires. La hache et le marteau de vie et de mort".
5877:
5158:
4976:
4941:
7254:
7011:
6724:Échanges et communications, II: Mélanges offerts à Claude Lévi-Strauss à l'occasion de son 60ème anniversaire
1645:
383:
343:
5860:
Burić, Tonči. "Perunovo brdo (monte Borun) – prilog poznavanju poganske slavenske toponimije u Kaštelima" .
5389:
Le Dieu Supreme des Thraces. Incarnations et Identifications, Traductions - Notations et Noms - Appellations
3148:, a word meaning 'fir tree' in the Trentino dialect. Mallory and Adams suppose it is a loanword from Raetic.
7274:
7071:
7066:
7049:
6003:
5683:
Güterbock, Hans Gustav. "The Song of Ullikummi Revised Text of the Hittite Version of a Hurrian Myth". In:
3087:
3041:
2762:
2087:
523:
375:
339:
5754:
4806:
3469:
The name of the Baltic deity Perkunas is also attested in Baltic toponyms and hydronyms: a village called
642:
The existence of a female consort is suggested by gendered doublet-forms such as those found in Old Norse
17:
2577:
2139:
436:" or "stone-made weapon", in which case it was sometimes also used to refer to the thunder-god's weapon.
7193:
6809:
6601:
5892:
5735:
5698:
5477:
5423:
5122:
4729:
963:
to bring rain in times of drought. The Balkan Slavs worshipped Perun along with his female counterpart
5954:
Balode-Anelauskaitė, Laimutė. "Baltic names of deities in the hydronyms of Latvia and Lithuania". In:
1372:('wooded mountain'). Additionally, the Baltic tradition mentions a perpetual sacred fire dedicated to
5487:
4288:
3187:
2845:
2531:
1958:
1357:
645:
485:
are only attested in Western Indo-European traditions. The linguistic evidence for the worship of a
7183:
7039:
6664:
Cotton, Gérard (1931). "Orientalia I: Parjányah, le dieu qui <<frappe>> de la foudre".
5361:
2807:
2708:
63:
6952:
Mitchell, Stephen A. (1985). "The Whetstone as Symbol of Authority in Old English and Old Norse".
6751:"Quirinus, un ancien dieu tonnant? Nouvelles hypothèses sur son étymologie et sa nature primitive"
3070:
1240:. The Slavic thunder-god Perūn is said to frequently strike oaks to put fire within them, and the
402:, which denoted both "lightning" and "hammer", can be reconstructed from the attested traditions.
7178:
7101:
4056:
Zolotnikova, Olga. A. "The sanctuary of Zeus in Dodona: Evolution of the religious concept". In:
3490:
3368:
Places in South-Slavic-speaking lands are considered to be reflexes of Slavic god Perun, such as
3198:
2609:
2107:
1938:
1577:
1538:
1287:
577:
349:
5240:
4668:
4640:
4620:
4065:
6543:
6120:
2839:
2788:, 'a sacrifice (to the dead), to satisfy', has also been proposed as the origin of the theonym,
2742:
1854:
1449:, denoted both 'stone' and 'heaven', possibly a 'heavenly vault of stone' akin to the biblical
1248:
to strike his foes the giants when they hide under an oak. Thor famously also had at least one
1177:
1052:
between a serpent and a god or mythical hero, who is not necessarily etymologically related to
80:
7152:
6237:
Celto-Germanic, Later Prehistory and Post-Proto-Indo-European vocabulary in the North and West
5175:
4793:
The songs of the Russian people, as illustrative of Slavonic mythology and Russian social life
4716:
The songs of the Russian people, as illustrative of Slavonic mythology and Russian social life
7259:
7218:
7096:
2949:
2716:
2461:
2330:
2300:
2290:
2251:
1875:
1214:
915:
682:
7086:
7076:
4758:Фатюшина, Н. . "ОБРАЗ БОГА-ГРОМОВЕРЖЦЯ ПЕРУНА В ЯЗИЧНИЦЬКОМУ СВІТОГЛЯДІ ДАВНЬОЇ РУСІ" . In:
3132:, and refer to a female being made of 'Rock' or 'Stone' who gives birth to a rocky creature.
7269:
7264:
6028:
Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: Une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental
2987:
2757:"god, deity, sky", considered by some scholars to be an Albanian sky and thunder god (from
1743:
1036:
498:
2445:('grinding device'), also served as a common word for 'hammer', as in Old Church Slavonic
8:
7081:
5981:
3202:
3158:
3079:
3025:
2929:
2873:
2587:
2230:
2198:
2159:
2033:
1810:
1796:
1719:
924:
709:
276:
5388:
7091:
6969:
6940:
6932:
6895:
6780:
6710:
6652:
6450:
6176:
6052:. Leiden Studies in Indo-European (in German). Vol. 7. Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi.
4349:
3929:
3359:. Their possible connection is further reinforced by the proximity of a mountain named
3220:
3033:
2376:
2216:
2186:
1954:
1826:
1729:
1580:(polished ones for axes in particular) had fallen from the sky. Indeed, the Vedic word
1353:
1336:
1147:
89:
6379:
6006:(2009). "La gramática celtibérica del Primer Bronce de Botorrita: nuevos resultados".
5176:"Inscriptions antiques de Glanum [Saint- Rémy-de-Provence] (Bouches-du-Rhône)"
4631:
Schmalstieg, William R. "Baltø religijos ir mitologijos ðaltiniai 2. XVI amþius". In:
4259:. Vol. P. The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. pp. 313–315.
3509:
According to Louis Léger, Kott's German-Czech dictionary cited Slovak alternate forms
3102:
7061:
6961:
6944:
6924:
6857:
6817:
6795:
6772:
6735:
6702:
6681:
6588:
6551:
6529:
6498:
6479:
6457:
6431:
6409:
6387:
6365:
6339:
6285:
6259:
6240:
6218:
6196:
6168:
6128:
6106:
6084:
6065:
6031:
6011:
5989:
5959:
5911:
To honor Roman Jakobson: essays on the occasion of his 70. birthday, 11. October 1966
5788:
5644:
Théonymie Celtique, Cultes, Interpretatio - Keltische Theonymie, Kulte, Interpretatio
5600:
5559:
5495:
5442:
5236:
5154:
5089:
4972:
4937:
4840:
4686:
4664:
4644:
4636:
4616:
4488:
4468:
4361:
4323:
4260:
4174:
4061:
3933:
3921:
3361:
3267:
2925:
2885:
2831:
2748:
2270:
1965:, the goddess of the wooded landscape and a poetic synonym for 'land' or 'the earth',
1851:, a peninsula in Novgorod, Russia, connected to a historical worship of Slavic Perun.
1737:
1306:
1210:
1139:
5595:
5578:
5554:
5537:
3290:, 'to cross over, pass through, overcome'), which sounded closer to the name of the
6916:
6907:
Hamp, Eric P. (1967). "On the Notions of 'Stone' and 'Mountain' in Indo-European".
6887:
6878:
Beckwith, Miles C. (1998). "The 'Hanging of Hera' and the Meaning of Greek ἄκμων".
6849:
6762:
6727:
6673:
6644:
6583:
6578:
6566:
6357:
6331:
6327:
6315:
6210:
6160:
6023:
5590:
5549:
5432:
5419:"There is no "Perun in the Caucasus"... But Maybe an Ancient Iranian Thunder Demon"
5345:
5187:
3913:
3321:
3172:
3153:
3141:
3110:
3075:
3029:
3015:
2995:
2895:
2597:
2312:
2208:
2179:
1892:
1888:
1844:
1756:
1713:
1390:
1297:
880:
700:
606:
589:
459:
7147:
7111:
1945:, meaning 'mountain', perhaps 'mountainous forest' (or the feminine equivalent of
681:
also gave birth to a group of cognates for the ordinary word "thunder", including
7223:
7213:
7188:
7173:
7137:
7132:
6521:
6098:
6045:
5073:
Lectures on the origin and growth of religion as illustrated by Celtic heathendom
4317:
3413:
3065:
3061:
2915:
2793:
2678:
2636:
2465:
2397:
2257:
2051:
2043:
1996:
1968:
1926:
1838:
1820:
1806:
1787:
1753:
the god of rain and thunder, depicted as an angry-looking man with a tawny beard,
1493:
1363:
1314:
1241:
1197:
691:
6980:
6816:(in Lithuanian). Vilnius, Lithuania: Lietuvu Literaturos Tautosakos Institutas.
6362:
The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World
7203:
6273:
6191:(1985). "Linguistic Evidence in Comparative Mythology". In Stephen Rudy (ed.).
6188:
5780:
4971:. Volume 3. Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC/CLIO. 2006. p. 907.
4936:. Volume 3. Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC/CLIO. 2006. p. 907.
3433:
3340:
2965:
2541:
2366:
2240:
2171:
1814:
1408:
1249:
1236:
after the thunder-god strikes them—indicates the potential of lightning in the
1135:
812:
763:
566:
6920:
6625:
The Thunderweapon In Religion And Folklore: a Study In Comparative Archaeology
6164:
5349:
3240:
1153:
853:('son of Dyēus'), although this is based on the Vedic poetic tradition alone.
7243:
7208:
6965:
6928:
6861:
6776:
6706:
6685:
6592:
6445:
6423:
6404:(1974). "Perkūnas and Perunъ". In Mayrhofer, Manfred; Meid, Wolfgang (eds.).
6353:
6289:
6172:
6015:
5604:
5563:
5446:
4780:
4253:
The Hittite Dictionary of The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago
3925:
2907:
2565:
2519:
2509:
2477:
2004:
1237:
615:
53:
6319:
5914:
5647:
5191:
4602:
Zaroff, Roman. (2019). "Some aspects of pre-Christian Baltic religion". In:
4487:. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press. 1992 (2nd printing). p. 192.
2083:
alternatively denoting 'hammer' or 'lightning' in the following traditions:
7044:
6677:
6401:
6232:
6057:
5437:
5418:
5146:
4930:
3275:
3098:
3009:
2911:
2853:
2824:
spring-nymph, associated with a river of the same name and identified with
2407:
2149:
2020:
1904:
1773:
or Perkunatele, a female deity associated with Perkunas, as mother or wife;
1624:
sends his axe or arrow from a mountain or the sky. The original meaning of
1562:
804:
470:
361:
320:
197:
73:
6853:
6731:
4465:
European paganism: the realities of cult from antiquity to the Middle Ages
3474:
3175:. The name is believed to refer to a deity worshipped in the port city of
7106:
6637:
The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland
6471:
6276:; Oudaer, Guillaume (2014). "*Percos/*Ercos: An Unknown Celtic Theonym".
5881:. Volume 9. Naples, Italy: Istituto universitario orientale, 1966. p. 34.
5740:
4734:
3271:
2899:
2889:
2654:
2646:
2624:
2414:, 'rounded summit, small hill', possibly via semantic contamination from
1984:
1913:
1770:
1707:
1558:
1229:
1045:
1032:
808:
486:
433:
379:
6973:
6840:
Carnoy, Albert (1958). "Le chêne dans la toponymie et la linguistique".
6784:
6714:
6693:
Haffter, P. (1972). "The Designations of the Oak in Romance Languages".
6008:
Palaeohispanica. Revista sobre lenguas y culturas de la Hispania Antigua
5897:
5787:. Handbuch der Orientalistik. Vol. 1.68Leiden. Brill. p. 221.
5510:
Faria, A. Marques de. "Crónica de onomástica paleo-hispânica (23)". In:
2320:
1747:
1651:
1603:
1572:
The mythological association can be explained by the observation (e.g.,
1223:
1187:
992:
731:
Other Indo-European theonyms related to 'thunder', through another root
653:
378:: 'the Striker' or 'the Lord of Oaks') is the reconstructed name of the
7168:
6936:
6656:
6180:
5687:
5, no. 4 (1951): 135-61. Accessed August 22, 2020. doi:10.2307/1359008.
5133:
5105:
4763:
4606:. Edited by Patrice Lajoye. France: Éditions Lingva. 2019. pp. 183-219.
4298:(PhD dissertation). Los Angeles: University of California. p. 14.
3917:
3365:, a widespread word in Slavic-speaking regions that means 'oak grove'.
3296:
2881:
2828:(the name could be a borrowing as it rather follows Celtic sound laws),
1323:
in Lithuanian, meaning the "summit of Perkūnas", while the Slavic word
1024:
439:
Contrary to other deities of the Proto-Indo-European pantheon, such as
6899:
5492:
Lenguas y religiones prerromanas del occidente de la Península Ibérica
3328:
2754:
2122:
1606:'s stone') in the Lithuanian tradition. Scholars have also noted that
905:
213:
6767:
6750:
3454:
3128:
3012:
and possibly referring to an oak god. His name might mean 'six oaks'.
2903:
2811:
2797:
2688:
2670:
2662:
2348:
2117:
1632:
could thus have been 'stone-made weapon', then 'sky' or 'lightning'.
1573:
1550:
1534:
1450:
1028:
966:
900:
769:
665:
600:
413:
7034:
6648:
6632:
6239:. University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh and Celtic Studies.
6050:
Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz
3243:
stated that the Polabians adopted Perun as their name for Thursday (
3231:) may attest the presence of the thunder god's name in the Caucasus.
740:
6891:
3459:
3332:
3291:
3214:
3001:
2849:
2080:
1922:
1900:
1566:
1131:
1110:(an amphibious serpent who causes streams to dry up), the Armenian
948:
779:
300:
280:
251:
241:
5844:
Katić, Miroslav. "Castella qui sunt super civitatem Salonitanam".
5783:(2003). "Aspects of Luwian Religion". In H. Craig Melchert (ed.).
4663:
IV. 2008. Klaipėda: Klaipėdos universiteto leidykla,. pp. 79–106.
3606:
3604:
3602:
3600:
3552:
3550:
3548:
3546:
3544:
3542:
3176:
2944:, an epithet attached to the "Scythian Divus" and meaning 'rainy'.
1561:. It was believed that bringing them inside the house could bring
7116:
5624:
5476:. Том 1. Moskva: Izd. K. Soldatenkova 1865. p. 183. (In Russian)
5121:. Том 1. Moskva: Izd. K. Soldatenkova 1865. p. 253. (In Russian)
3598:
3596:
3594:
3592:
3590:
3588:
3586:
3584:
3582:
3580:
3437:
3263:
3163:
3135:
2825:
2551:
2340:
2224:
1930:
1759:: Pērkōns, whose functions are occasionally merged with those of
1672:
1428:
1414:
1399:
1097:
1089:
1040:
896:
748:
628:
557:
474:
451:
391:
357:
310:
209:
6870:
For the association with "stones", "mountains" and "heaven", see
4869:
Jakobson, Roman (1955). "While Reading Vasmer's Dictionary" In:
4822:
Jakobson, Roman (1955). "While Reading Vasmer's Dictionary" In:
1988:
7142:
6103:
Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages
5943:
New researches on the religion and mythology of the Pagan Slavs
5849:
4604:
New researches on the religion and mythology of the Pagan Slavs
3539:
3442:
3336:
3252:
3210:
3183:
1760:
1531:, 'a sizeable stone', which was still worshipped in Samogitia.
1232:—reflected also in the belief that fire is residual within the
1143:
1127:
1121:
1113:
1071:
1006:
227:
201:
5865:
5665:
5653:
4818:
4816:
4775:
Leū Horoško, Archim. "A Guide to Byelorussian Mythology". In:
4418:
4416:
4206:
4204:
3692:
3690:
3688:
3686:
3684:
3682:
3680:
3577:
3040:) which appears throughout the provinces of the Roman Empire.
2528:), 'stone, stone-made weapon' > 'heavenly vault of stone',
6299:
Perun, dieu slave de l'orage: Archéologie, histoire, folklore
5909:
Gimbutas, Marija. "Ancient Slavic Religion: A Synopsis". In:
5517:
4951:
4949:
4533:
3940:
3843:
3448:
3309:
2919:
2773:
2570:
2556:
2030:, 'wooded hills' (perhaps an early borrowing from Germanic),
1848:
1800:
1587:
1468:
1454:
1206:
1105:
1063:
1060:, but always associated with thunder. For example, the Vedic
1004:
953:
820:
661:
619:
561:
443:
338:
This article contains characters used to write reconstructed
290:
255:
223:
205:
5203:
5201:
4574:
4572:
4171:
The Power of Words: Studies on Charms and Charming in Europe
4151:
3707:
3705:
3646:
3644:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3636:
3567:
3565:
2852:, the god of rain, thunder and lightning (although Sanskrit
1557:. Thunder-stones were preserved in family life as important
432:, apparently denoted a "heavenly vault of stone", but also "
412:, probably because such tall trees are frequently struck by
4813:
4413:
4233:
4231:
4201:
4169:
Vaitkevičienė, Daiva. "Baltic and East Slavic Charms". In:
3766:
3764:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3754:
3677:
3308:('vanquishing, conquering'), an epithet of the weather-god
3206:
2803:
2127:
1962:
1310:
1245:
911:
387:
266:
237:
5813:
5761:
5052:
5050:
5048:
5018:
5016:
5014:
5012:
5010:
5008:
4946:
4445:
4141:
4139:
4109:
4099:
4097:
4070:
738:
5280:
5278:
5276:
5274:
5261:
5259:
5257:
5255:
5253:
5251:
5249:
5198:
5035:
5033:
5031:
4569:
4016:
4014:
4012:
4010:
4008:
4006:
4004:
3991:
3989:
3987:
3985:
3983:
3981:
3979:
3702:
3633:
3562:
3327:
In the territory that encompasses the modern day city of
2959:
2914:; it has been suggested his name might be related to the
1696:
1554:
1329:
designated the hill over Novgorod where the sanctuary of
1300:
1233:
1173:
598:
592:
545:
409:
182:
6215:
Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon
5945:. Edited by Patrice Lajoye. Paris: Lingva, 2019. p. 198.
5919:
5705:
5314:
5075:. London, Edinburgh : Williams and Norgate. 1892. p. 59.
4981:
4888:
4545:
4497:
4228:
4038:
3884:
3882:
3867:
3855:
3833:
3831:
3829:
3827:
3814:
3812:
3810:
3808:
3806:
3751:
3667:
3665:
3663:
3661:
3659:
3452:(in Bulgaria). He also proposes that the German city of
2866:
has therefore been postulated, possibly descending from
1619:
1517:, which could mean 'rock, boulder, cliff' or 'hammer').
1340:
1330:
1324:
984:
978:
972:
964:
754:
746:
659:
534:('to strike'). An alternative etymology is the PIE noun
6832:
For the etymology of the Indo-European weather-god, see
6567:"Toward a Proto-Indo-European vocabulary of the sacred"
6081:
Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon
6062:
Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon
5801:
5045:
5005:
4740:
4557:
4216:
4136:
4094:
3355:) has been interpreted as a deformation of the theonym
1683:
or related names in Western Indo-European mythologies:
6526:
How to Kill a Dragon: Aspects of Indo-European Poetics
5833:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
5326:
5271:
5246:
5028:
4993:
4435:
4433:
4431:
4403:
4401:
4399:
4397:
4395:
4393:
4380:
4378:
4191:
4189:
4187:
4185:
4183:
4126:
4124:
4001:
3976:
3903:"Linguistic evidence for Proto-Indo-European pantheon"
3781:
3779:
3741:
3739:
3737:
3735:
2857:
2574:(ἄκμων), 'anvil, meteoric stone, thunderbolt, heaven',
1176:
is attested in various formulaic expressions from the
803:"to overcome", with its descendants being Hittite god
6408:. Institut für Sprachwissenschaft. pp. 113–131.
5835:
60, no. 2 (1997): 338. doi:10.1017/S0041977X00036430.
4026:
3952:
3879:
3824:
3803:
3722:
3720:
3656:
3623:
3621:
3619:
3120:
3114:
2806:’s thunderbolt, which was sometimes also deified (by
2037:
1309:
describes wooden idols of Perūn on hills overlooking
1200:
927:
416:, and his realm was located in the wooded mountains,
5398:
4509:
4082:
3901:
Witczak, Krzysztof Tomasz; Kaczor, Idaliana (1995).
3223:: it has been suggested that the characters Пиръон (
2936:) mentioned the existence of a Scythian deity named
2932:
and French philologist Frédéric-Guillaume Bergmann (
2820:, 'shatter, smash' has also been proposed), and the
1677:
1661:
1626:
1505:
1486:
1443:
1383:
1290:
1281:
1256:
1167:
1054:
873:
866:
845:
839:
833:
827:
798:
792:
773:
732:
675:
632:
580:
550:
536:
528:
516:
491:
478:
455:
440:
426:
418:
396:
169:
161:
153:
140:
127:
113:
5913:. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, 2018. p. 742.
4876:
4733:14 (October). 2011. Ljubljana, Slovenija. 222-223.
4584:
4521:
4428:
4390:
4375:
4180:
4121:
3964:
3791:
3776:
3732:
3458:is also related to Perun, since it is located near
6449:
5739:14 (October). 2011. Ljubljana, Slovenija. p. 220.
5538:"Propuestas para la interpretación de Botorrita 1"
5290:
4837:Encyclopedia of Russian and Slavic myth and legend
4250:Güterbock, Hans G; Hoffner, Harry A, eds. (1997).
4175:http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7829/j.ctt2tt29w.12
3717:
3616:
2488:('lightning') has also been borrowed from Slavic.
1273:is invoked to protect against snakes and illness.
7010:
5494:. Ediciones Universidad Salamanca. 2002. p. 422.
5223:. Edinburgh: W. P. Nimmo & co.. 1890. p. 12.
1921:'belonging to'), the name of a Celtic tribe from
1872:, the 'realm of Perkunos', i.e. the mountains),
1213:, a word to refer to the lightning—considered in
79:for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate
7241:
4249:
3304:is also cognate to the Vedic present participle
1613:
1607:
1597:
1518:
1480:
1474:
1373:
1318:
1262:
1255:The striking of devils, demons, or evildoers by
1181:
998:
990:
958:
914:, and also with the word for 'lightning' in the
838:, the Sky-God. It has also been postulated that
718:
712:
651:
501:times (4500–2500 BC) is therefore less secured.
390:, and his name was probably invoked in times of
5831:Sims-Williams, Nicholas. “A Bactrian God.” In:
4703:A Survey of Russian Literature, with Selections
2976:), a personal name thought to mean 'oak-born' (
2191:
1830:
1591:
1512:
1151:
903:
871:is usually depicted as holding a weapon, named
643:
342:words (for an explanation of the notation, see
6514:Arhiv za Arbanasku starinu, jezik i etnologiju
6308:Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française
5846:Vjesnik za arheologiju i historiju dalmatinsku
4705:. New York: Chautauqua Press. 1902. pp. 15-16.
3262:Some scholars argue that the functions of the
2431:Another PIE term derived from the verbal root
2304:
1581:
1460:
1426:
1425:('lord of mountains'), attached to her father
1420:
1412:
1119:
1111:
1103:
1095:
1076:(the personification of drought), the Iranian
1069:
1061:
1014:
918:
783:
685:
6996:
6721:
5939:Some aspects of pre-Christian Baltic religion
4467:. New York: Routledge. 2000. pp. 64 and 222.
4358:Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project
3900:
2952:
2439:
2432:
2415:
2091:
2024:
1977:(𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌹), '(wooded) mountain', and
1879:
1523:is described in a 16th-century treatise as a
1466:
1402:
1393:
1268:
1191:
1087:
1077:
890:
884:
703:
694:
609:
6352:
6326:
6272:
5896:2 (May). Ljubljana, Slovenija. 1999. p. 57.
5671:
5659:
5300:
4955:
4906:
4422:
4210:
3711:
3650:
3610:
3556:
3179:in ancient times as a possible son of Perun.
2260:
2055:
1978:
1972:
1367:
29:Weather-god in Proto-Indo-European mythology
6808:
6516:. Vol. I. R. Trofenik. pp. 27–33.
6141:
6002:
5630:
5523:
4076:
3477:, north-west of Kaunas, and the place name
2381:
2370:
2244:
1899:) forest or mountains, ancient name of the
1549:), which were believed to be formed during
1525:
934:
761:
571:
522:is generally regarded as stemming from the
386:. The deity was connected with fructifying
7003:
6989:
6493:Tirta, Mark (2004). Petrit Bezhani (ed.).
6305:
6209:
5819:
5767:
5463:. Halle: W. H. Schmidt. 1858. pp. 173-175.
5207:
4781:https://doi.org/10.30965/20526512-00102002
4578:
4539:
3946:
2928:: in the 19th century, Russian folklorist
2736:
2491:
1345:cast down into the Dnepr river during the
1161:
957:, and Latvian prayers included a call for
6766:
6726:. De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 1180–1206.
6627:. Cambridge : The University press, 1911.
6605:. 2 (1999): 56-60. 10.3986/sms.v2i0.1844.
6582:
6378:
6256:Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic
6022:
5915:https://doi.org/10.1515/9783111604763-064
5648:http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv8mdn28.8
5594:
5553:
5436:
5151:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia
4918:
4914:
4894:
4795:. London: Ellis & Green. 1872. p. 88.
4718:. London: Ellis & Green. 1872. p. 91.
3873:
3861:
3696:
3086:; although an alternative etymology from
2104:, 'thunder-god's hammer > lightning',
6951:
6877:
6792:Mythologie et religion des Slaves païens
6630:
6187:
5711:
5304:
4999:
4683:Ethnic Groups of Europe: An Encyclopedia
2994:('Perkunetaka'), a word attested in the
1644:
548:'), attached to the divine nomenclature
6692:
6666:Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire
6520:
6511:
6384:Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic
6253:
6150:
6119:
6097:
6078:
6056:
6044:
5807:
5576:
5535:
5308:
5284:
5265:
5173:
5086:Routledge Macedonian-English Dictionary
5039:
4451:
4315:
4115:
4032:
4020:
3995:
3958:
3888:
3837:
3770:
3671:
3571:
3440:with the Slavic god Perun: the city of
3416:cited the existence of the place names
2070:
1917:(’Ερκουνιατες; attached to the suffix -
910:, the hammer thrown by the thunder god
354:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
14:
7242:
6880:Harvard Studies in Classical Philology
6839:
6748:
6663:
6470:
6296:
5980:
5925:
5779:
5741:https://doi.org/10.3986/sms.v14i0.1611
5702:. 2 (1999): 56. 10.3986/sms.v2i0.1844.
5416:
5332:
4735:https://doi.org/10.3986/sms.v14i0.1611
3818:
3481:('Perkuns Fields') near modern Gusev.
3008:, attested in an inscription found in
2998:and interpreted as a sacred oak grove,
1803:(Перýн), the 'maker of the lightning',
1473:('stone, heaven'), the Lithuanian god
889:("Pērkōn throws his mace"), the mace (
6984:
6497:(in Albanian). Tirana: Mësonjëtorja.
6492:
6336:Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture
5898:https://doi.org/10.3986/sms.v2i0.1844
5619:L'arbre du monde: La cosmologie celte
5067:
5065:
4515:
4503:
4345:
4343:
4341:
4339:
4286:
4088:
3521:"frapper de la foudre" and adjective
3300:. According to scholarship, the name
3190:and the Lithuanian Perkūnas–Perkūnija
1596:, and the thunder-stone can be named
6906:
6564:
6542:
6444:
6422:
6400:
6278:The Journal of Indo-European Studies
6231:
5621:. Paris: CNRS Éditions. 2016. p. 35.
5404:
5320:
5296:
5145:
5134:http://www.jstor.org/stable/40866229
5106:http://www.jstor.org/stable/40866134
5056:
5022:
4987:
4910:
4882:
4764:https://doi.org/10.32420/1999.10.842
4746:
4590:
4563:
4551:
4527:
4439:
4407:
4384:
4237:
4222:
4195:
4157:
4145:
4130:
4103:
4044:
3970:
3849:
3797:
3785:
3745:
3726:
3627:
2784:, 'to set (of the sun)', from Latin
2548:, 'stone, sling-stone, thunderbolt',
2464:cited the existence of the "Gypsy" (
1784:, the 'one with the thunder stone',
1586:is the name of the weapon thrown by
1044:rain. This was an imitative type of
942:
31:
6144:Indo-European and the Indoeuropeans
4305:from the original on June 13, 2020.
4276:from the original on June 13, 2020.
3036:), and a deity named 'Hercura' (or
2780:(see above); although the Albanian
1485:himself), and also in the Germanic
1276:
1094:(a demon of drought), the Albanian
614:('sacred oak'), and perhaps in the
24:
6842:Revue Internationale d'Onomastique
6610:
6478:. Johns Hopkins University Press.
6125:Indo-European Language and Culture
5062:
4791:Ralston, William Ralston Shedden.
4714:Ralston, William Ralston Shedden.
4336:
3125:are attested in a Hittite text of
1537:believed in the supreme powers of
1003:, and Zeus' oak oracle located at
69:for transliterated languages, and
49:of its non-English content, using
25:
7286:
6755:Revue de l'histoire des religions
6193:Roman Jakobson: Selected Writings
5512:Revista Portuguesa de Arqueologia
3028:: references to 'Deus Ercus' (in
2902:, a heroic figure present in the
2347:, an epithet of thunder divinity
2319:, the 'hammer of the Thunderer',
1657:Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis
1407:('mountains'), as well as in the
951:is depicted as a rain god in the
6814:Senovés Lietuviu Dievas Perkunas
6452:A Handbook of Germanic Etymology
6428:Albanian Etymological Dictionary
5986:Etymological Dictionary of Greek
5956:Perspectives of Baltic philology
5948:
5931:
5903:
5884:
5870:
5854:
5838:
5825:
5773:
5758:. Paris, E. Leroux. 1901. p. 62.
5746:
5727:
5717:
5690:
5677:
5636:
5611:
5570:
5529:
5504:
5481:
5466:
5453:
5410:
5371:
5354:
5338:
5084:Australian National University.
4860:. Paris, E. Leroux. 1901. p. 64.
4810:. Paris, E. Leroux. 1901. p. 61.
4322:. Mapin Publishing. p. 11.
1961:, the mother of the thunder-god
330:
36:
5973:
5596:10.3989/emerita.2002.v70.i1.118
5555:10.3989/emerita.1995.v63.i1.348
5228:
5213:
5167:
5139:
5126:
5111:
5098:
5078:
4961:
4924:
4900:
4863:
4850:
4829:
4798:
4785:
4769:
4752:
4721:
4708:
4695:
4675:
4653:
4625:
4609:
4596:
4477:
4457:
4309:
4280:
4243:
4163:
4050:
3894:
3503:
3347:. Likewise, the ancient oronym
3097:(' fish') has been proposed by
2715:can also be reconstructed from
2560:, 'stone, sling-stone, heaven',
2229:) 'lightning without thunder',
1590:, Thor's weapon is also called
1347:Christianization of Kievan Rus'
1230:producing fire through a strike
6584:10.1080/00437956.1993.11435902
5577:Adrados, Francisco R. (2002).
5536:Adrados, Francisco R. (1995).
5459:Bergmann, Frederic Guillaume.
3436:associates place names in the
1436:
1398:('rock, cliff, boulder'), the
778:, since the Vedic weather-god
85:multilingual support templates
13:
1:
7012:Proto-Indo-European mythology
6633:"The Oak and the Thunder-God"
6548:Indo-European Poetry and Myth
4777:Journal of Belarusian Studies
4287:Weeks, David Michael (1985).
4060:, 2019, Vol. 12. pp. 85-132.
3532:
2375:, 'lightning, thunderbolts' (
2075:The name of Perkunos' weapon
1763:(the sky-god) in the Latvian
1465:('stone'), the Iranian deity
1037:ritual songs praying for rain
791:Another possible epithet was
384:Proto-Indo-European mythology
344:Proto-Indo-European phonology
6794:. Les Belles Lettres. 2022.
6142:Gamkrelidze, Ivanov (1995).
5850:https://hrcak.srce.hr/217259
5848:111, br. 1 (2018): 247-248.
5685:Journal of Cuneiform Studies
4354:Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon
4058:Journal Of Hellenic Religion
3525:"qui a rapport à la foudre".
3496:
3121:
3115:
3042:Patrizia de Bernardo Stempel
2812:
2798:
2457:('sledgehammer, bludgeon').
2386:, 'bolt of lightning'), and
1993:, 'mountain', 'wooded hill',
1455:
1217:as the "fire of the sky"—is
856:
737:, are found in the Germanic
509:
7:
6631:Chadwick, H. Munro (1900).
6550:. Oxford University Press.
6528:. Oxford University Press.
6406:Antiquitates Indogermanicae
6364:. Oxford University Press.
5866:https://hrcak.srce.hr/81101
5864:III, br. 38 (2011): 59-82.
5088:. Routledge. 1998. p. 263.
4762:. n. 10. 1999. p. 64. DOI:
4760:Ukrainian Religious Studies
4485:Greek Mythology and Poetics
4316:Dehejia, Harsha V. (1999).
3484:
3315:
2880:), a war god worshipped in
2862:form; an intermediate form
2858:
2768:, 'to strike', attached to
1640:
1635:
726:
695:
10:
7291:
7194:Indo European Weapon Cults
6602:Studia mythologica Slavica
5893:Studia Mythologica Slavica
5736:Studia Mythologica Slavica
5699:Studia mythologica Slavica
5424:Studia Mythologica Slavica
5153:. ABC-CLIO. p. 1209.
4839:. ABC-CLIO. 1998. p. 217.
4730:Studia Mythologica Slavica
4701:Hapgood, Isabel Florence.
4685:. ABC-CLIO. 2011. p. 231.
3084:Cath Ruis na Ríg for Bóinn
3068:, mentioned at the end of
2472:as a loanword from Slavic
2079:is attested by a group of
1911:by the time of Aristotle;
1907:, which was also known as
1678:
1671:The following deities are
1662:
1627:
1553:and to be fallen from the
1444:
1384:
1282:
1257:
1168:
1055:
977:. The alternative name of
874:
867:
846:
840:
834:
832:as an original epithet of
828:
826:George E. Dunkel regarded
799:
793:
774:
733:
676:
633:
551:
537:
529:
517:
492:
479:
477:stemming from the theonym
456:
441:
427:
419:
408:was often associated with
397:
170:
162:
154:
141:
128:
114:
7161:
7125:
7018:
6921:10.1017/S0022226700012962
6495:Mitologjia ndër shqiptarë
6165:10.1163/15685270252772777
5350:10.1515/9783110847031-016
3343:, there was a hill named
3235:
2192:
2038:
1831:
1501:
1389:are also attested in the
929:
861:
819:, epithet of a storm-god
760:), and the Latin epithet
360:combining characters and
316:
306:
296:
286:
272:
262:
247:
233:
219:
193:
188:
178:
148:
136:
122:
111:
7250:Proto-Indo-European gods
7184:Trifunctional hypothesis
6749:Lajoye, Patrice (2010).
6623:Blinkenberg, Christian.
6297:Lajoye, Patrice (2015).
5672:Lajoye & Oudaer 2014
5660:Lajoye & Oudaer 2014
5417:Lajoye, Patrice (2012).
5368:Vol 31, No 1 (1990): 48.
5301:Mallory & Adams 1997
5219:Groome, Francis Hindes.
4956:Lajoye & Oudaer 2014
4907:Mallory & Adams 1997
4681:Cole, Jeffrey E. (ed.).
4423:Mallory & Adams 1997
4319:Parvati: Goddess of Love
4211:Mallory & Adams 1997
3852:, p. 239, 242, 244.
3712:Lajoye & Oudaer 2014
3651:Lajoye & Oudaer 2014
3611:Mallory & Adams 1997
3557:Mallory & Adams 2006
3462:, whose former name was
3282:('conquering', from PIE
3205:'Ala-ferhuiae' found in
3032:), 'Nymphae Percernae' (
2802:(κεραυνός), the name of
1150:, or the Norse Thor and
658:. The South Slavic link
7179:Indo-European cosmogony
6320:10.3406/bspf.1996.10169
6121:Fortson, Benjamin W. IV
5862:Starohrvatska prosvjeta
5192:10.3406/galia.1944.1989
5174:Rolland, Henri (1944).
4160:, p. 240, 244–245.
3910:Collectanea Philologica
3491:Indo-European smith god
3446:and the mountain range
2954:
2737:Other possible cognates
2492:Heavenly vault of stone
2441:
2434:
2421:, '(wooded) mountains'.
2417:
2394:('Mabon son of Mellt'),
2305:
2215:(молния), 'lightning',
2093:
2026:
1989:
1979:
1973:
1881:
1841:: Piorun ("lightning");
1620:
1592:
1513:
1507:
1488:
1394:
1368:
1341:
1331:
1325:
1301:
1292:
1201:
1162:Striker and god of oaks
1152:
1005:
985:
979:
973:
965:
919:
904:
756:
747:
739:
686:
660:
644:
620:
599:
593:
582:
556:('master of'). Various
504:
6909:Journal of Linguistics
6678:10.3406/rbph.1931.6798
6565:York, Michael (1993).
6254:Kroonen, Guus (2013).
6079:Derksen, Rick (2015).
5438:10.3986/sms.v15i1.1582
4779:1, 2 (1966): 73. DOI:
4635:5, 2003. pp. 363-368.
3201:: inscriptions to the
3052:derives from a Celtic
2726:('hammer'), and Greek
2382:
2371:
2359:), a tribal name, and
2261:
2245:
2056:
1668:
1614:
1608:
1598:
1582:
1526:
1519:
1497:
1481:
1475:
1467:
1461:
1427:
1421:
1413:
1403:
1374:
1319:
1269:
1263:
1192:
1182:
1178:Balto-Slavic languages
1120:
1112:
1104:
1096:
1088:
1078:
1070:
1062:
1015:
999:
991:
959:
935:
891:
886:Pērkōns met savu milnu
885:
784:
762:
719:
713:
704:
652:
610:
572:
424:. A term for the sky,
7219:War of the foundation
6854:10.3406/rio.1958.1615
6732:10.1515/9783111698281
6476:Comparative Mythology
6004:De Bernardo, Patrizia
5878:Annali: Sezione slava
5488:Prósper, Blanca Maria
5360:Beševliev, Veselin. "
5307:, pp. 6, 19–21;
4835:Dixon-Kennedy, Mike.
3251:), which is likely a
2816:; although the root *
2462:Francis Hindes Groome
2460:19th-century scholar
1648:
1576:) or the belief that
1479:(mentioned alongside
1196:('Pērkōn's oak'), or
1126:, the Greek Zeus and
605:(a tribal name), the
7255:Sky and weather gods
6954:Scandinavian Studies
6338:. Fitzroy Dearborn.
6146:. Mouton de Gruyter.
5982:Beekes, Robert S. P.
5633:, p. 694 n. 45.
5579:"Sobre Botorrita IV"
5514:n. 19, 2016. p. 160.
5303:, pp. 582–583;
5299:, pp. 242–244;
4633:Archivum Lithuanicum
4554:, pp. 343, 353.
4289:"1.44 — Stone, Rock"
3331:existed the ancient
3074:, and placed on the
2980:) or to derive from
2722:('stone'), Germanic
2071:Thunder-god's weapon
1441:A term for the sky,
1335:was located. Prince
1296:(' forest') and the
708:("thunderbolt"), or
560:can be found in the
47:specify the language
45:This article should
7275:Reconstructed words
6810:Laurinkiene, Nijole
5755:La mythologie slave
5323:, pp. 315–316.
5025:, pp. 142–144.
4990:, p. 241, 243.
4969:Celtic Culture: G-L
4934:Celtic Culture: G-L
4921:, pp. 165–166.
4858:La mythologie slave
4807:La mythologie slave
4566:, pp. 119–120.
4542:, pp. 291–292.
4506:, pp. 82, 406.
4454:, pp. 206–207.
4350:Lubotsky, Alexander
4240:, p. 239, 242.
4225:, pp. 113–117.
4148:, pp. 113–115.
4118:, pp. 363–364.
4047:, p. 239, 245.
3949:, pp. 835–839.
3699:, pp. 165–166.
3574:, pp. 506–507.
3559:, p. 410, 433.
3080:Conchobar mac Nessa
2930:Alexander Afanasyev
2309:, 'lightning bolt',
2160:Old Church Slavonic
2034:Old Church Slavonic
1797:Old Church Slavonic
1166:The association of
1048:with ritual songs.
925:Old Church Slavonic
844:was referred to as
797:"conquering", from
745:(Thor), the Celtic
524:Proto-Indo-European
499:Proto-Indo-European
473:), widely accepted
376:Proto-Indo-European
340:Proto-Indo-European
220:Etruscan equivalent
194:Albanian equivalent
5059:, p. 253–254.
4749:, p. 242–244.
4106:, p. 255–257.
3918:10.18778/1733-0319
3613:, p. 582–583.
3517:, as well as verb
3339:. Near Salona, in
2984:'wooded mountain'.
2776:, thus related to
2761:, an extension of
2363:, a personal name.
2050:, 'wooded hills';
1925:, as described by
1813:: Piarun (Пярун),
1691:, 'to strike' (or
1669:
1659:(1909). Note that
1381:Words from a stem
1354:Germanic mythology
1337:Vladimir the Great
1305:(' forests'). The
883:poetic expression
723:("thunderstorm").
654:Perkūnas–Perkūnija
526:(PIE) verbal root
317:Hittite equivalent
7237:
7236:
7229:Ends of the Earth
6741:978-3-11-169828-1
6557:978-0-19-928075-9
6485:978-0-8018-3938-2
6463:978-90-04-12875-0
6446:Orel, Vladimir E.
6437:978-90-04-11024-3
6424:Orel, Vladimir E.
6371:978-0-19-929668-2
6358:Adams, Douglas Q.
6354:Mallory, James P.
6345:978-1-884964-98-5
6332:Adams, Douglas Q.
6328:Mallory, James P.
6211:Kloekhorst, Alwin
6134:978-1-4443-5968-8
6090:978-90-04-27898-1
6024:Delamarre, Xavier
5995:978-90-04-32186-1
5928:, pp. 44–46.
5674:, pp. 50–51.
5662:, pp. 40–41.
5617:Lajoye, Patrice.
5526:, pp. 11–12.
5395:18 (2009): 28-30.
5311:, pp. 31–33.
4845:978-1-57607-130-4
4691:978-1-59884-302-6
4362:Leiden University
4329:978-81-85822-59-4
3066:Erc (mac Cairpri)
2996:Botorrita Plate I
2886:Nuristan Province
2856:rather predict a
2627:
2619:
2522:
2512:
2379:
2284:
2280:
2268:
2255:
2228:
1551:lightning strikes
1221:, a formation of
1211:Albanian language
1209:'s oak'). In the
1190:'s oak), Latvian
943:Fructifying rains
753:(from an earlier
699:("thunderbolt"),
576:'oak-tree'), the
350:rendering support
326:
325:
307:Celtic equivalent
297:Baltic equivalent
287:Slavic equivalent
107:
106:
87:may also be used.
16:(Redirected from
7282:
7028:
7005:
6998:
6991:
6982:
6981:
6977:
6948:
6903:
6865:
6827:
6805:
6801:978-2251453-12-5
6788:
6770:
6768:10.4000/rhr.7573
6745:
6718:
6689:
6660:
6596:
6586:
6561:
6539:
6522:Watkins, Calvert
6517:
6508:
6489:
6467:
6455:
6441:
6419:
6397:
6380:Matasović, Ranko
6375:
6349:
6323:
6302:
6293:
6269:
6250:
6228:
6206:
6184:
6147:
6138:
6116:
6099:de Vaan, Michiel
6094:
6075:
6053:
6046:Demiraj, Bardhyl
6041:
6019:
5999:
5967:
5952:
5946:
5937:Zaroff, Roman. "
5935:
5929:
5923:
5917:
5907:
5901:
5888:
5882:
5874:
5868:
5858:
5852:
5842:
5836:
5829:
5823:
5817:
5811:
5805:
5799:
5798:
5777:
5771:
5765:
5759:
5750:
5744:
5731:
5725:
5721:
5715:
5709:
5703:
5694:
5688:
5681:
5675:
5669:
5663:
5657:
5651:
5640:
5634:
5631:De Bernardo 2009
5628:
5622:
5615:
5609:
5608:
5598:
5574:
5568:
5567:
5557:
5533:
5527:
5524:De Bernardo 2009
5521:
5515:
5508:
5502:
5485:
5479:
5472:Афанасьев, А.Н.
5470:
5464:
5457:
5451:
5450:
5440:
5414:
5408:
5402:
5396:
5386:
5375:
5369:
5358:
5352:
5342:
5336:
5330:
5324:
5318:
5312:
5294:
5288:
5282:
5269:
5263:
5244:
5232:
5226:
5217:
5211:
5205:
5196:
5195:
5171:
5165:
5164:
5143:
5137:
5130:
5124:
5117:Афанасьев, А.Н.
5115:
5109:
5102:
5096:
5082:
5076:
5069:
5060:
5054:
5043:
5037:
5026:
5020:
5003:
4997:
4991:
4985:
4979:
4965:
4959:
4953:
4944:
4928:
4922:
4904:
4898:
4892:
4886:
4880:
4874:
4873:, 11:4: p. 615.
4867:
4861:
4854:
4848:
4833:
4827:
4826:, 11:4: p. 616.
4820:
4811:
4802:
4796:
4789:
4783:
4773:
4767:
4756:
4750:
4744:
4738:
4725:
4719:
4712:
4706:
4699:
4693:
4679:
4673:
4661:Res humanitariae
4657:
4651:
4629:
4623:
4613:
4607:
4600:
4594:
4588:
4582:
4576:
4567:
4561:
4555:
4549:
4543:
4537:
4531:
4525:
4519:
4513:
4507:
4501:
4495:
4481:
4475:
4461:
4455:
4449:
4443:
4437:
4426:
4420:
4411:
4405:
4388:
4382:
4373:
4347:
4334:
4333:
4313:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4293:
4284:
4278:
4277:
4275:
4258:
4247:
4241:
4235:
4226:
4220:
4214:
4208:
4199:
4193:
4178:
4167:
4161:
4155:
4149:
4143:
4134:
4128:
4119:
4113:
4107:
4101:
4092:
4086:
4080:
4077:Gamkrelidze 1995
4074:
4068:
4054:
4048:
4042:
4036:
4030:
4024:
4018:
3999:
3993:
3974:
3968:
3962:
3956:
3950:
3944:
3938:
3937:
3912:. Łódź, Poland.
3907:
3898:
3892:
3886:
3877:
3871:
3865:
3859:
3853:
3847:
3841:
3835:
3822:
3816:
3801:
3795:
3789:
3783:
3774:
3773:, p. 75–76.
3768:
3749:
3743:
3730:
3724:
3715:
3709:
3700:
3694:
3675:
3669:
3654:
3648:
3631:
3625:
3614:
3608:
3575:
3569:
3560:
3554:
3526:
3507:
3188:Fjörgyn–Fjörgynn
3173:Saxo Grammaticus
3124:
3118:
3071:Táin Bó Cúailnge
2957:
2861:
2815:
2801:
2625:
2617:
2520:
2510:
2444:
2437:
2420:
2385:
2377:
2374:
2308:
2282:
2278:
2266:
2264:
2250:
2248:
2223:
2195:
2194:
2126:, the hammer of
2096:
2059:
2041:
2040:
2029:
2015:, 'oaks forest',
2009:Virgundia Waldus
1992:
1982:
1976:
1884:
1834:
1833:
1823:: Perún; Parom;
1681:
1680:
1665:
1664:
1630:
1629:
1623:
1617:
1611:
1601:
1595:
1585:
1543:kokrra e rrufesë
1529:
1522:
1516:
1511:(cf. Old Norse:
1510:
1503:
1491:
1484:
1478:
1472:
1464:
1458:
1447:
1446:
1432:
1424:
1419:and the epithet
1418:
1406:
1397:
1387:
1386:
1377:
1371:
1344:
1334:
1328:
1322:
1304:
1295:
1285:
1284:
1277:Wooded mountains
1272:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1238:myth of creation
1204:
1195:
1185:
1171:
1170:
1157:
1125:
1117:
1109:
1101:
1093:
1081:
1075:
1067:
1058:
1057:
1023:– is especially
1018:
1010:
1002:
996:
988:
982:
976:
970:
962:
938:
932:
931:
922:
909:
894:
888:
877:
876:
870:
869:
852:
851:
843:
842:
837:
836:
831:
830:
802:
801:
796:
795:
787:
777:
776:
767:
759:
752:
744:
736:
735:
722:
717:("thunder") and
716:
707:
698:
689:
679:
678:
669:
657:
649:
646:Fjörgyn–Fjörgynn
636:
635:
623:
613:
604:
596:
587:
575:
554:
553:
542:
541:
532:
531:
520:
519:
495:
494:
484:
483:
468:
467:
449:
448:
430:
429:
422:
421:
400:
399:
356: instead of
334:
333:
273:Roman equivalent
263:Norse equivalent
248:Hindu equivalent
234:Greek equivalent
173:
172:
165:
164:
157:
156:
144:
143:
131:
130:
117:
116:
109:
108:
102:
99:
93:
78:
72:
68:
62:
58:
52:
40:
39:
32:
21:
7290:
7289:
7285:
7284:
7283:
7281:
7280:
7279:
7240:
7239:
7238:
7233:
7224:King and virgin
7214:Binding of evil
7189:Threefold death
7174:Horse sacrifice
7157:
7121:
7022:
7014:
7009:
6824:
6802:
6790:
6742:
6649:10.2307/2842615
6616:General studies
6613:
6611:Further reading
6608:
6558:
6544:West, Martin L.
6536:
6505:
6486:
6464:
6438:
6416:
6394:
6372:
6346:
6284:(1–2): 40–100.
6274:Lajoye, Patrice
6266:
6247:
6225:
6203:
6189:Jakobson, Roman
6135:
6113:
6091:
6072:
6038:
5996:
5976:
5971:
5970:
5953:
5949:
5936:
5932:
5924:
5920:
5908:
5904:
5889:
5885:
5875:
5871:
5859:
5855:
5843:
5839:
5830:
5826:
5822:, pp. 836.
5820:Kloekhorst 2008
5818:
5814:
5806:
5802:
5795:
5781:Hutter, Manfred
5778:
5774:
5768:Kloekhorst 2008
5766:
5762:
5751:
5747:
5732:
5728:
5722:
5718:
5710:
5706:
5695:
5691:
5682:
5678:
5670:
5666:
5658:
5654:
5641:
5637:
5629:
5625:
5616:
5612:
5575:
5571:
5534:
5530:
5522:
5518:
5509:
5505:
5486:
5482:
5471:
5467:
5458:
5454:
5415:
5411:
5403:
5399:
5380:
5376:
5372:
5359:
5355:
5343:
5339:
5331:
5327:
5319:
5315:
5295:
5291:
5283:
5272:
5264:
5247:
5243:(in Portuguese)
5233:
5229:
5218:
5214:
5208:Le Quellec 1996
5206:
5199:
5172:
5168:
5161:
5144:
5140:
5131:
5127:
5116:
5112:
5103:
5099:
5083:
5079:
5070:
5063:
5055:
5046:
5038:
5029:
5021:
5006:
4998:
4994:
4986:
4982:
4966:
4962:
4954:
4947:
4929:
4925:
4917:, p. 178;
4913:, p. 178;
4909:, p. 407;
4905:
4901:
4893:
4889:
4881:
4877:
4868:
4864:
4855:
4851:
4834:
4830:
4821:
4814:
4803:
4799:
4790:
4786:
4774:
4770:
4757:
4753:
4745:
4741:
4726:
4722:
4713:
4709:
4700:
4696:
4680:
4676:
4658:
4654:
4630:
4626:
4614:
4610:
4601:
4597:
4589:
4585:
4579:Le Quellec 1996
4577:
4570:
4562:
4558:
4550:
4546:
4540:Le Quellec 1996
4538:
4534:
4526:
4522:
4514:
4510:
4502:
4498:
4483:Nagy, Gregory.
4482:
4478:
4462:
4458:
4450:
4446:
4438:
4429:
4421:
4414:
4406:
4391:
4383:
4376:
4348:
4337:
4330:
4314:
4310:
4302:
4291:
4285:
4281:
4273:
4267:
4256:
4248:
4244:
4236:
4229:
4221:
4217:
4209:
4202:
4194:
4181:
4168:
4164:
4156:
4152:
4144:
4137:
4129:
4122:
4114:
4110:
4102:
4095:
4087:
4083:
4075:
4071:
4055:
4051:
4043:
4039:
4031:
4027:
4019:
4002:
3994:
3977:
3969:
3965:
3957:
3953:
3947:Kloekhorst 2008
3945:
3941:
3905:
3899:
3895:
3887:
3880:
3872:
3868:
3860:
3856:
3848:
3844:
3836:
3825:
3817:
3804:
3796:
3792:
3784:
3777:
3769:
3752:
3744:
3733:
3725:
3718:
3710:
3703:
3695:
3678:
3670:
3657:
3649:
3634:
3626:
3617:
3609:
3578:
3570:
3563:
3555:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3529:
3508:
3504:
3499:
3487:
3432:hill (Istria).
3428:(Romania), and
3414:Marija Gimbutas
3382:Perunićka Glava
3322:Slavic-speaking
3318:
3287:
3238:
3199:Romano-Germanic
3171:in the work of
3167:, latinized as
3093:('color') >
2739:
2679:Old High German
2494:
2392:Mabon fab Mellt
2285:'electricity'),
2281:) 'lightning' (
2073:
2044:Old East Slavic
1997:Old High German
1807:Old East Slavic
1643:
1638:
1439:
1339:had an idol of
1279:
1193:Pērkōna uōzuōls
1183:Perkūno ąžuolas
1164:
1138:, Heracles and
989:, also recalls
945:
933:, or the Welsh
864:
859:
788:("Thunderer").
782:is also called
729:
670:is not secure.
650:and Lithuanian
512:
507:
497:as far back as
489:under the name
463:
367:
366:
365:
348:Without proper
335:
331:
103:
97:
94:
88:
76:
70:
66:
64:transliteration
60:
56:
50:
41:
37:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7288:
7278:
7277:
7272:
7267:
7262:
7257:
7252:
7235:
7234:
7232:
7231:
7226:
7221:
7216:
7211:
7206:
7204:Death of a son
7201:
7196:
7191:
7186:
7181:
7176:
7171:
7165:
7163:
7159:
7158:
7156:
7155:
7150:
7145:
7140:
7135:
7129:
7127:
7123:
7122:
7120:
7119:
7114:
7109:
7104:
7099:
7094:
7089:
7084:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7064:
7059:
7058:
7057:
7052:
7047:
7037:
7031:
7029:
7016:
7015:
7008:
7007:
7000:
6993:
6985:
6979:
6978:
6949:
6904:
6892:10.2307/311338
6874:
6873:
6871:
6867:
6866:
6836:
6835:
6833:
6829:
6828:
6822:
6806:
6800:
6761:(2): 175–194.
6746:
6740:
6719:
6690:
6672:(3): 579–585.
6661:
6628:
6620:
6619:
6617:
6612:
6609:
6607:
6606:
6597:
6577:(2): 235–254.
6562:
6556:
6540:
6535:978-0198024712
6534:
6518:
6509:
6503:
6490:
6484:
6468:
6462:
6442:
6436:
6420:
6415:978-3851245202
6414:
6398:
6392:
6376:
6370:
6350:
6344:
6324:
6314:(3): 287–297.
6303:
6294:
6270:
6264:
6251:
6245:
6229:
6223:
6207:
6201:
6185:
6148:
6139:
6133:
6117:
6111:
6095:
6089:
6076:
6070:
6054:
6042:
6036:
6020:
6010:(9): 683–699.
6000:
5994:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5969:
5968:
5947:
5930:
5918:
5902:
5883:
5869:
5853:
5837:
5824:
5812:
5810:, p. 344.
5800:
5793:
5772:
5770:, p. 835.
5760:
5752:Léger, Louis.
5745:
5726:
5716:
5714:, p. 153.
5704:
5689:
5676:
5664:
5652:
5635:
5623:
5610:
5585:(in Spanish).
5569:
5544:(in Spanish).
5528:
5516:
5503:
5480:
5465:
5452:
5409:
5407:, p. 245.
5397:
5378:Popov, Dimitar
5370:
5366:Balkan Studies
5353:
5337:
5335:, p. 677.
5325:
5313:
5289:
5270:
5268:, p. 220.
5245:
5227:
5221:In Gipsy tents
5212:
5210:, p. 291.
5197:
5186:(1): 167–223.
5166:
5159:
5138:
5125:
5110:
5097:
5077:
5061:
5044:
5042:, p. 544.
5027:
5004:
4992:
4980:
4967:Koch, John T.
4960:
4945:
4923:
4919:Delamarre 2003
4915:Matasović 2009
4899:
4897:, p. 178.
4895:Matasović 2009
4887:
4885:, p. 116.
4875:
4862:
4856:Léger, Louis.
4849:
4828:
4812:
4804:Léger, Louis.
4797:
4784:
4768:
4766:(in Ukrainian)
4751:
4739:
4720:
4707:
4694:
4674:
4652:
4624:
4608:
4595:
4583:
4581:, p. 292.
4568:
4556:
4544:
4532:
4530:, p. 343.
4520:
4518:, p. 101.
4508:
4496:
4476:
4456:
4444:
4442:, p. 120.
4427:
4425:, p. 547.
4412:
4410:, p. 169.
4389:
4387:, p. 342.
4374:
4335:
4328:
4308:
4279:
4265:
4242:
4227:
4215:
4213:, p. 407.
4200:
4198:, p. 241.
4179:
4162:
4150:
4135:
4133:, p. 242.
4120:
4108:
4093:
4091:, p. 310.
4081:
4079:, p. 528.
4069:
4049:
4037:
4025:
4023:, p. 333.
4000:
3998:, p. 429.
3975:
3973:, p. 251.
3963:
3951:
3939:
3893:
3878:
3876:, p. 290.
3874:Delamarre 2003
3866:
3864:, p. 384.
3862:Matasović 2009
3854:
3842:
3823:
3821:, p. 235.
3802:
3800:, p. 123.
3790:
3788:, p. 137.
3775:
3750:
3748:, p. 243.
3731:
3729:, p. 240.
3716:
3701:
3697:Delamarre 2003
3676:
3674:, p. 136.
3655:
3632:
3630:, p. 240.
3615:
3576:
3561:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3528:
3527:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3494:
3493:
3486:
3483:
3434:Patrice Lajoye
3394:Peruna Dubrava
3341:Late Antiquity
3317:
3314:
3285:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3232:
3218:
3196:
3195:
3194:
3180:
3151:
3150:
3149:
3133:
3108:
3107:
3106:
3076:throne of Tara
3059:
3058:
3057:
3013:
3004:: the theonym
2999:
2985:
2966:Hispano-Celtic
2947:
2946:
2945:
2923:
2893:
2871:
2868:*per-kun-(y)o-
2837:
2836:
2835:
2829:
2791:
2790:
2789:
2772:, the sky-god
2743:Paleo-Balkanic
2738:
2735:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2702:
2701:
2700:
2699:
2698:
2686:
2644:
2607:
2606:
2605:
2595:
2575:
2563:
2562:
2561:
2549:
2493:
2490:
2453:, and Hittite
2438:('to grind'),
2429:
2428:
2427:
2426:
2425:
2424:
2423:
2422:
2405:
2395:
2388:Mabon am Melld
2364:
2328:
2327:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2310:
2288:
2287:
2286:
2238:
2237:, 'lightning',
2206:
2205:, 'lightning',
2172:Serbo-Croatian
2137:
2136:
2135:
2100:Northern PIE:
2097:, 'to grind',
2072:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2065:
2064:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2018:
2017:
2016:
1994:
1966:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1862:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1852:
1842:
1836:
1824:
1818:
1804:
1778:
1777:
1776:
1775:
1774:
1768:
1754:
1741:
1727:
1722:: Parkuns (or
1675:stemming from
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1539:thunder-stones
1527:saxum grandius
1438:
1435:
1307:Rus' chronicle
1278:
1275:
1163:
1160:
1046:magic practice
944:
941:
863:
860:
858:
855:
728:
725:
567:Querquetulanae
511:
508:
506:
503:
461:
352:, you may see
336:
329:
328:
327:
324:
323:
318:
314:
313:
308:
304:
303:
298:
294:
293:
288:
284:
283:
274:
270:
269:
264:
260:
259:
249:
245:
244:
235:
231:
230:
221:
217:
216:
195:
191:
190:
186:
185:
180:
176:
175:
150:
146:
145:
138:
134:
133:
124:
120:
119:
105:
104:
83:. Knowledge's
44:
42:
35:
28:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7287:
7276:
7273:
7271:
7268:
7266:
7263:
7261:
7258:
7256:
7253:
7251:
7248:
7247:
7245:
7230:
7227:
7225:
7222:
7220:
7217:
7215:
7212:
7210:
7209:Cycle of Mead
7207:
7205:
7202:
7200:
7197:
7195:
7192:
7190:
7187:
7185:
7182:
7180:
7177:
7175:
7172:
7170:
7167:
7166:
7164:
7160:
7154:
7151:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7131:
7130:
7128:
7124:
7118:
7115:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7100:
7098:
7095:
7093:
7090:
7088:
7087:H₂epom Nepōts
7085:
7083:
7080:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7070:
7068:
7065:
7063:
7060:
7056:
7053:
7051:
7048:
7046:
7043:
7042:
7041:
7038:
7036:
7033:
7032:
7030:
7026:
7021:
7017:
7013:
7006:
7001:
6999:
6994:
6992:
6987:
6986:
6983:
6975:
6971:
6967:
6963:
6959:
6955:
6950:
6946:
6942:
6938:
6934:
6930:
6926:
6922:
6918:
6914:
6910:
6905:
6901:
6897:
6893:
6889:
6885:
6881:
6876:
6875:
6872:
6869:
6868:
6863:
6859:
6855:
6851:
6848:(2): 81–101.
6847:
6843:
6838:
6837:
6834:
6831:
6830:
6825:
6823:9986-513-14-6
6819:
6815:
6811:
6807:
6803:
6797:
6793:
6786:
6782:
6778:
6774:
6769:
6764:
6760:
6756:
6752:
6747:
6743:
6737:
6733:
6729:
6725:
6720:
6716:
6712:
6708:
6704:
6700:
6696:
6695:Acta Classica
6691:
6687:
6683:
6679:
6675:
6671:
6667:
6662:
6658:
6654:
6650:
6646:
6642:
6638:
6634:
6629:
6626:
6622:
6621:
6618:
6615:
6614:
6604:
6603:
6598:
6594:
6590:
6585:
6580:
6576:
6572:
6568:
6563:
6559:
6553:
6549:
6545:
6541:
6537:
6531:
6527:
6523:
6519:
6515:
6510:
6506:
6504:99927-938-9-9
6500:
6496:
6491:
6487:
6481:
6477:
6473:
6469:
6465:
6459:
6454:
6453:
6447:
6443:
6439:
6433:
6429:
6425:
6421:
6417:
6411:
6407:
6403:
6402:Nagy, Gregory
6399:
6395:
6393:9789004173361
6389:
6385:
6381:
6377:
6373:
6367:
6363:
6359:
6355:
6351:
6347:
6341:
6337:
6333:
6329:
6325:
6321:
6317:
6313:
6309:
6304:
6300:
6295:
6291:
6287:
6283:
6279:
6275:
6271:
6267:
6265:9789004183407
6261:
6257:
6252:
6248:
6246:9781907029325
6242:
6238:
6234:
6233:Koch, John T.
6230:
6226:
6224:9789004160927
6220:
6216:
6212:
6208:
6204:
6202:9783110855463
6198:
6194:
6190:
6186:
6182:
6178:
6174:
6170:
6166:
6162:
6159:(1): 61–102.
6158:
6154:
6149:
6145:
6140:
6136:
6130:
6127:. Blackwell.
6126:
6122:
6118:
6114:
6112:9789004167971
6108:
6104:
6100:
6096:
6092:
6086:
6082:
6077:
6073:
6071:9789004155046
6067:
6063:
6059:
6058:Derksen, Rick
6055:
6051:
6047:
6043:
6039:
6037:9782877723695
6033:
6029:
6025:
6021:
6017:
6013:
6009:
6005:
6001:
5997:
5991:
5987:
5983:
5979:
5978:
5965:
5964:9788360517321
5961:
5957:
5951:
5944:
5940:
5934:
5927:
5922:
5916:
5912:
5906:
5899:
5895:
5894:
5887:
5880:
5879:
5873:
5867:
5863:
5857:
5851:
5847:
5841:
5834:
5828:
5821:
5816:
5809:
5804:
5796:
5794:90-04-13009-8
5790:
5786:
5782:
5776:
5769:
5764:
5757:
5756:
5749:
5742:
5738:
5737:
5730:
5720:
5713:
5712:Jakobson 1985
5708:
5701:
5700:
5693:
5686:
5680:
5673:
5668:
5661:
5656:
5649:
5645:
5639:
5632:
5627:
5620:
5614:
5606:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5588:
5584:
5580:
5573:
5565:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5547:
5543:
5539:
5532:
5525:
5520:
5513:
5507:
5501:
5500:84-7800-818-7
5497:
5493:
5489:
5484:
5478:
5475:
5469:
5462:
5456:
5448:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5430:
5426:
5425:
5420:
5413:
5406:
5401:
5394:
5390:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5367:
5363:
5362:Vorthrakisch?
5357:
5351:
5347:
5341:
5334:
5329:
5322:
5317:
5310:
5306:
5305:Jakobson 1985
5302:
5298:
5293:
5287:, p. 47.
5286:
5281:
5279:
5277:
5275:
5267:
5262:
5260:
5258:
5256:
5254:
5252:
5250:
5242:
5238:
5231:
5225:
5222:
5216:
5209:
5204:
5202:
5193:
5189:
5185:
5181:
5177:
5170:
5162:
5156:
5152:
5148:
5147:Koch, John T.
5142:
5135:
5129:
5123:
5120:
5114:
5107:
5101:
5095:
5094:0-415-16046-4
5091:
5087:
5081:
5074:
5068:
5066:
5058:
5053:
5051:
5049:
5041:
5036:
5034:
5032:
5024:
5019:
5017:
5015:
5013:
5011:
5009:
5002:, p. 21.
5001:
5000:Jakobson 1985
4996:
4989:
4984:
4978:
4974:
4970:
4964:
4958:, p. 53.
4957:
4952:
4950:
4943:
4939:
4935:
4932:
4931:Koch, John T.
4927:
4920:
4916:
4912:
4908:
4903:
4896:
4891:
4884:
4879:
4872:
4866:
4859:
4853:
4846:
4842:
4838:
4832:
4825:
4819:
4817:
4809:
4808:
4801:
4794:
4788:
4782:
4778:
4772:
4765:
4761:
4755:
4748:
4743:
4736:
4732:
4731:
4724:
4717:
4711:
4704:
4698:
4692:
4688:
4684:
4678:
4672:
4670:
4666:
4662:
4656:
4650:
4649:3-447-09312-9
4646:
4642:
4638:
4634:
4628:
4622:
4618:
4612:
4605:
4599:
4592:
4587:
4580:
4575:
4573:
4565:
4560:
4553:
4548:
4541:
4536:
4529:
4524:
4517:
4512:
4505:
4500:
4494:
4493:0-8014-8048-5
4490:
4486:
4480:
4474:
4473:0-415-12034-9
4470:
4466:
4463:Dowden, Ken.
4460:
4453:
4448:
4441:
4436:
4434:
4432:
4424:
4419:
4417:
4409:
4404:
4402:
4400:
4398:
4396:
4394:
4386:
4381:
4379:
4371:
4367:
4363:
4359:
4355:
4351:
4346:
4344:
4342:
4340:
4331:
4325:
4321:
4320:
4312:
4301:
4297:
4290:
4283:
4272:
4268:
4266:1-885923-08-2
4262:
4255:
4254:
4246:
4239:
4234:
4232:
4224:
4219:
4212:
4207:
4205:
4197:
4192:
4190:
4188:
4186:
4184:
4176:
4172:
4166:
4159:
4154:
4147:
4142:
4140:
4132:
4127:
4125:
4117:
4112:
4105:
4100:
4098:
4090:
4085:
4078:
4073:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4053:
4046:
4041:
4035:, p. 23.
4034:
4029:
4022:
4017:
4015:
4013:
4011:
4009:
4007:
4005:
3997:
3992:
3990:
3988:
3986:
3984:
3982:
3980:
3972:
3967:
3961:, p. 66.
3960:
3955:
3948:
3943:
3935:
3931:
3927:
3923:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3904:
3897:
3891:, p. 77.
3890:
3885:
3883:
3875:
3870:
3863:
3858:
3851:
3846:
3840:, p. 70.
3839:
3834:
3832:
3830:
3828:
3820:
3815:
3813:
3811:
3809:
3807:
3799:
3794:
3787:
3782:
3780:
3772:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3761:
3759:
3757:
3755:
3747:
3742:
3740:
3738:
3736:
3728:
3723:
3721:
3714:, p. 51.
3713:
3708:
3706:
3698:
3693:
3691:
3689:
3687:
3685:
3683:
3681:
3673:
3668:
3666:
3664:
3662:
3660:
3653:, p. 52.
3652:
3647:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3639:
3637:
3629:
3624:
3622:
3620:
3612:
3607:
3605:
3603:
3601:
3599:
3597:
3595:
3593:
3591:
3589:
3587:
3585:
3583:
3581:
3573:
3568:
3566:
3558:
3553:
3551:
3549:
3547:
3545:
3543:
3538:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3512:
3506:
3502:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3482:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3467:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3456:
3451:
3450:
3445:
3444:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3418:Perunowa gora
3415:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3366:
3364:
3363:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3325:
3323:
3313:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3298:
3293:
3289:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3270:weather gods
3269:
3265:
3260:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3230:
3227:) and Пиръа (
3226:
3222:
3219:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3165:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3155:
3152:
3147:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3123:
3117:
3112:
3109:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3072:
3067:
3063:
3060:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3017:
3014:
3011:
3007:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2986:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2948:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2908:national epic
2905:
2901:
2900:Piran (Viseh)
2897:
2894:
2891:
2887:
2884:(present-day
2883:
2879:
2875:
2872:
2869:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2792:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2734:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2718:
2714:
2713:ḱ(e)h₂-m-(r)-
2710:
2697:
2694:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2633:), 'heaven',
2632:
2628:
2622:
2615:
2611:
2608:
2603:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2589:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2567:
2564:
2559:
2558:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2543:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2523:
2517:
2513:
2507:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2496:
2495:
2489:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2458:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2443:
2436:
2419:
2413:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2389:
2384:
2380:
2373:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2351:; as well as
2350:
2346:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2332:
2329:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2311:
2307:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2292:
2289:
2276:
2272:
2263:
2259:
2253:
2247:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2232:
2226:
2221:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2188:
2184:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2141:
2138:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2124:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2099:
2098:
2095:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2078:
2058:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2028:
2022:
2019:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2005:Ore Mountains
2002:
1998:
1995:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1975:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1937:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1915:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1883:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1793:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1772:
1769:
1767:(folk songs),
1766:
1762:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1674:
1666:
1658:
1654:
1653:
1647:
1633:
1631:
1622:
1616:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1599:Perkūno akmuõ
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1578:thunderstones
1575:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1521:
1515:
1509:
1499:
1495:
1490:
1483:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1463:
1457:
1452:
1448:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1423:
1422:Parvateshwara
1417:
1416:
1410:
1405:
1401:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1379:
1376:
1370:
1365:
1361:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1327:
1321:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1274:
1271:
1265:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1203:
1202:Perunovŭ dubŭ
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1180:: Lithuanian
1179:
1175:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1124:
1123:
1116:
1115:
1108:
1107:
1100:
1099:
1092:
1091:
1085:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1066:
1065:
1059:
1049:
1047:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1001:
995:
994:
987:
981:
975:
969:
968:
961:
956:
955:
950:
940:
937:
926:
921:
917:
913:
908:
907:
902:
898:
893:
887:
882:
878:
854:
850:
824:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
789:
786:
781:
771:
766:
765:
758:
751:
750:
743:
742:
724:
721:
715:
711:
706:
702:
697:
693:
688:
684:
680:
671:
668:
667:
663:
656:
655:
648:
647:
640:
637:
630:
625:
622:
618:spring-nymph
617:
612:
608:
603:
602:
595:
591:
588:('oak'), the
586:
585:
579:
574:
569:
568:
563:
559:
555:
547:
543:
540:
533:
525:
521:
502:
500:
496:
488:
482:
476:
472:
466:
465:
453:
447:
446:
437:
435:
431:
423:
415:
411:
407:
403:
401:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
372:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
345:
341:
322:
319:
315:
312:
309:
305:
302:
299:
295:
292:
289:
285:
282:
278:
275:
271:
268:
265:
261:
257:
253:
250:
246:
243:
239:
236:
232:
229:
225:
222:
218:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
196:
192:
187:
184:
181:
177:
174:
166:
158:
151:
147:
139:
135:
132:
125:
121:
118:
110:
101:
91:
86:
82:
75:
65:
55:
48:
43:
34:
33:
27:
19:
7260:Thunder gods
7054:
7050:Mitra-Varuna
7045:Divine twins
7040:Trifunctions
6957:
6953:
6915:(1): 83–90.
6912:
6908:
6883:
6879:
6845:
6841:
6813:
6791:
6758:
6754:
6723:
6698:
6694:
6669:
6665:
6640:
6636:
6624:
6600:
6574:
6570:
6547:
6525:
6513:
6494:
6475:
6472:Puhvel, Jaan
6451:
6427:
6405:
6383:
6361:
6335:
6311:
6307:
6298:
6281:
6277:
6255:
6236:
6214:
6192:
6156:
6152:
6143:
6124:
6102:
6080:
6061:
6049:
6027:
6007:
5985:
5974:Bibliography
5955:
5950:
5942:
5933:
5921:
5910:
5905:
5891:
5886:
5876:
5872:
5861:
5856:
5845:
5840:
5832:
5827:
5815:
5808:Watkins 1995
5803:
5784:
5775:
5763:
5753:
5748:
5734:
5729:
5719:
5707:
5697:
5692:
5684:
5679:
5667:
5655:
5643:
5638:
5626:
5618:
5613:
5586:
5582:
5572:
5545:
5541:
5531:
5519:
5511:
5506:
5491:
5483:
5473:
5468:
5460:
5455:
5428:
5422:
5412:
5400:
5392:
5373:
5365:
5356:
5340:
5328:
5316:
5309:Treimer 1971
5292:
5285:Derksen 2015
5266:Kroonen 2013
5230:
5220:
5215:
5183:
5179:
5169:
5150:
5141:
5128:
5118:
5113:
5100:
5085:
5080:
5072:
5071:Rhys, John.
5040:Derksen 2015
4995:
4983:
4968:
4963:
4933:
4926:
4902:
4890:
4878:
4870:
4865:
4857:
4852:
4836:
4831:
4823:
4805:
4800:
4792:
4787:
4776:
4771:
4759:
4754:
4742:
4728:
4723:
4715:
4710:
4702:
4697:
4682:
4677:
4660:
4655:
4632:
4627:
4611:
4603:
4598:
4586:
4559:
4547:
4535:
4523:
4511:
4499:
4484:
4479:
4464:
4459:
4452:Kroonen 2013
4447:
4369:
4365:
4357:
4318:
4311:
4295:
4282:
4252:
4245:
4218:
4170:
4165:
4153:
4116:Demiraj 1997
4111:
4084:
4072:
4057:
4052:
4040:
4033:Fortson 2004
4028:
4021:Derksen 2008
3996:Watkins 1995
3966:
3959:Jackson 2002
3954:
3942:
3909:
3896:
3889:Jackson 2002
3869:
3857:
3845:
3838:Jackson 2002
3793:
3771:Jackson 2002
3672:Kroonen 2013
3572:de Vaan 2008
3522:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3505:
3479:Perkunlauken
3478:
3470:
3468:
3463:
3453:
3447:
3441:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3367:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3326:
3319:
3305:
3301:
3295:
3283:
3279:
3261:
3256:
3248:
3244:
3239:
3228:
3224:
3191:
3168:
3162:
3145:
3127:The Song of
3126:
3113:: the words
3094:
3090:
3083:
3069:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3044:argues that
3037:
3019:
3010:Cathervielle
3006:Expercennius
3005:
2992:berkunetakam
2991:
2982:*pérkʷu-niya
2981:
2978:*pérkʷu-genā
2977:
2973:
2969:
2941:
2937:
2912:Greater Iran
2877:
2876:: Pärun (or
2867:
2863:
2840:Indo-Iranian
2821:
2817:
2785:
2781:
2778:*per-uhₓn-os
2777:
2769:
2765:
2758:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2712:
2709:metathesized
2706:
2696:
2692:
2682:
2674:
2666:
2658:
2650:
2640:
2630:
2620:
2613:
2601:
2591:
2581:
2578:Balto-Slavic
2569:
2555:
2545:
2535:
2525:
2515:
2505:
2498:
2485:
2481:
2473:
2469:
2459:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2430:
2411:
2408:Middle Irish
2401:
2391:
2387:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2344:
2334:
2316:
2301:Old Prussian
2294:
2274:
2234:
2219:
2212:
2202:
2190:
2182:
2175:
2167:
2163:
2153:
2143:
2140:Balto-Slavic
2131:
2121:
2111:
2101:
2076:
2074:
2047:
2012:
2008:
2000:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1918:
1912:
1908:
1905:Black Forest
1896:
1870:*per-kun-iyā
1869:
1866:*per-kun-iyo
1865:
1855:South Slavic
1791:
1782:*per-uh₁n-os
1781:
1764:
1750:
1733:
1723:
1703:
1692:
1688:
1676:
1670:
1660:
1650:The Hand of
1649:
1625:
1571:
1563:good fortune
1559:cult objects
1547:guri i rejës
1546:
1542:
1533:
1524:
1442:
1440:
1382:
1380:
1358:
1351:
1320:perkūnkalnis
1280:
1254:
1244:thunder-god
1222:
1218:
1215:folk beliefs
1165:
1154:Miðgarðsormr
1083:
1053:
1050:
1033:incantations
1020:
1013:
997:' pseudonym
952:
946:
916:Old Prussian
872:
865:
849:Diwós Putlós
848:
825:
816:
790:
730:
683:Old Prussian
674:
672:
641:
631:
626:
597:('oak') and
565:
549:
535:
527:
515:
513:
490:
480:
471:dawn-goddess
458:
444:
438:
425:
417:
405:
404:
395:
370:
369:
368:
337:
168:
160:
152:
129:*(S)tenh₂ros
126:
112:
95:
81:ISO 639 code
77:}}
71:{{
67:}}
61:{{
57:}}
51:{{
46:
26:
7270:Nature gods
7265:Etymologies
7023: [
6960:(1): 1–31.
6030:. Errance.
5926:Lajoye 2015
5785:The Luwians
5548:(1): 1–16.
5461:Les Scythes
5431:: 179–184.
5381: [
5333:Beekes 2009
5235:I. p. 190.
3819:Puhvel 1987
3471:Perkūniškės
3390:Perunja Ves
3353:monte Borun
3241:Louis Léger
3034:Narbonensis
3026:Gallo-Roman
2988:Celtiberian
2890:Afghanistan
2813:per(k)aunos
2695:, 'heaven',
2685:, 'heaven',
2655:Old Frisian
2647:Old English
2643:, 'heaven',
2501:, 'sharp',
2404:, 'hammer',
2130:; cf. also
2112:*melðunijaz
2102:*mel-d-(n)-
1985:Old English
1983:, 'world',
1914:Hercuniates
1771:Percunatele
1708:weather god
1704:*per-kun-os
1500:, English:
1437:Stony skies
1198:Old Russian
1130:as well as
794:*tr̥h₂wónts
785:stanayitnú-
564:oak-nymphs
487:thunder god
434:thunderbolt
420:*Perkʷūnyós
398:*mel-d-(n)-
380:weather god
364:characters.
189:Equivalents
142:*Perkʷūnyós
123:Other names
7244:Categories
7199:Sacrifices
7169:Otherworld
7126:Characters
6886:: 91–102.
6701:: 95–112.
5589:(1): 1–8.
5160:1851094407
4977:1851094407
4942:1851094407
4516:Tirta 2004
4504:Tirta 2004
4089:Tirta 2004
3533:References
3426:Gora Perun
3424:(Serbia),
3422:Perun Gora
3420:(Poland),
3412:. Scholar
3386:Peruni Vrh
3294:Storm-god
3257:Donnerstag
3255:of German
3249:Peräunedån
3169:Porenutius
3159:Pomeranian
2882:Kafiristan
2864:*pergenyo-
2859:parkūn(y)a
2854:sound laws
2808:metathesis
2604:, 'stone',
2594:, 'stone',
2588:Lithuanian
2532:Indo-Aryan
2442:molh₁-tlo-
2231:Belarusian
2199:Macedonian
2060:(toponym),
2027:per(g)ynja
1868:(feminine
1811:Belarusian
1809:: Perunŭ,
1744:Lithuanian
1720:Yotvingian
1574:meteorites
1302:(h)ercunia
1250:sacred oak
1219:shkreptimë
1021:*Perkʷūnos
734:*(s)tenh₂-
710:Lithuanian
493:*Perkʷūnos
481:*Perkʷūnos
406:*Perkʷūnos
371:*Perkʷūnos
115:*Perkʷūnos
7153:H₂n̥gʷʰis
7102:Smith God
7082:H1n̥gʷnis
7055:Perkwunos
6966:0036-5637
6945:145440332
6929:0022-2267
6862:0048-8151
6777:0035-1423
6707:0065-1141
6686:0035-0818
6643:: 22–44.
6593:0043-7956
6456:. Brill.
6430:. Brill.
6386:. Brill.
6301:. Lingva.
6290:0092-2323
6258:. Brill.
6217:. Brill.
6173:0029-5973
6105:. Brill.
6083:. Brill.
6064:. Brill.
6016:1578-5386
5988:. Brill.
5605:1988-8384
5564:1988-8384
5447:1581-128X
5405:West 2007
5321:Orel 1998
5297:West 2007
5241:1982-8713
5057:West 2007
5023:Koch 2020
4988:West 2007
4911:West 2007
4883:Nagy 1974
4747:West 2007
4669:1822-7708
4641:1392-737X
4621:1392-2831
4591:West 2007
4564:Nagy 1974
4552:West 2007
4528:West 2007
4440:Nagy 1974
4408:Orel 2003
4385:West 2007
4238:West 2007
4223:Nagy 1974
4196:West 2007
4158:West 2007
4146:Nagy 1974
4131:West 2007
4104:West 2007
4066:1748-782X
4045:West 2007
3971:West 2007
3934:245036429
3926:1733-0319
3850:West 2007
3798:Nagy 1974
3786:West 2007
3746:West 2007
3727:York 1993
3628:West 2007
3519:peruntati
3497:Footnotes
3475:Žemaitija
3466:in 1199.
3455:Pronstorf
3410:Perutovac
3374:Perunovac
3333:Dalmatian
3324:regions.
3306:tū́rvant-
3280:Tṛḫu-ent-
3184:Perperuna
3129:Ullikummi
3103:Matasović
3030:Aquitania
3022:('oak'),
2942:Pirchunas
2904:Shahnameh
2874:Nuristani
2786:parentare
2730:('vault')
2689:Old Norse
2671:Old Dutch
2663:Old Saxon
2349:Loucetios
2217:Ukrainian
2187:Bulgarian
2134:, 'fire',
2118:Old Norse
2057:przeginia
2048:peregynja
2013:Virgunnia
2001:Firgunnea
1955:Old Norse
1949:, 'god'),
1943:*fergunja
1893:Hercynian
1829:: Perun (
1827:Bulgarian
1817:: Peraun,
1730:Latgalian
1679:*Perkunos
1535:Albanians
1451:firmament
1404:pauruuatā
1234:oak trees
1172:with the
1106:Kulshedra
1056:*Perkunos
1029:Albanians
980:Perperuna
974:Perperuna
967:Perperuna
901:Old Norse
899:with the
857:Depiction
807:, Luwian
800:*térh₂uti
770:epiclesis
720:perkūnija
677:*perkunos
673:The noun
666:Perperuna
634:*Perkunos
601:Quaquerni
518:*Perkunos
514:The name
510:Etymology
414:lightning
155:*ml̥dʰnis
98:June 2021
18:Perkʷunos
7148:Ḱérberos
7112:PriHyéh₂
6974:40918675
6812:(1996).
6785:23618183
6715:24591271
6546:(2007).
6524:(1995).
6474:(1987).
6448:(2003).
6426:(1998).
6382:(2009).
6360:(2006).
6334:(1997).
6235:(2020).
6213:(2008).
6123:(2004).
6101:(2008).
6060:(2008).
6048:(1997).
6026:(2003).
5984:(2009).
5724:213-256.
5149:(2006).
4300:Archived
4271:Archived
3523:perunský
3485:See also
3460:Segeberg
3406:Perudina
3402:Perušice
3398:Perunuša
3378:Perunika
3335:city of
3316:Toponyms
3302:Tarhunt-
3276:Tarḫunna
3245:Perendan
3221:Caucasus
3215:Dormagen
3203:Matronae
3095:*perk-no
3054:*perkura
3046:Aerecura
3002:Pyrenees
2955:(h)erku-
2938:Pirkunas
2926:Scythian
2850:Parjanya
2832:Thracian
2799:keraunos
2782:perëndoj
2749:Albanian
2724:*hamaraz
2610:Germanic
2449:, Latin
2418:ferkunyā
2271:Lusatian
2220:maladnjá
2178:(муња),
2144:*mild-n-
2123:mjǫllnir
2108:Germanic
2081:cognates
2077:*meld-n-
2039:prӗgynja
1974:fairguni
1939:Germanic
1923:Pannonia
1903:and the
1901:Ardennes
1897:Hercynia
1882:ferkunyā
1748:Perkūnas
1734:Pārkiuņs
1693:*pérkʷus
1673:cognates
1663:Perkunos
1652:Perkūnas
1641:Theonyms
1636:Evidence
1628:*h₂ekmōn
1609:Perkūnas
1567:evil eye
1482:Perkūnas
1445:*h₂ekmōn
1411:goddess
1409:Sanskrit
1385:*pér-ur-
1375:Perkūnas
1369:fairguni
1359:Fjörgynn
1315:Novgorod
1293:fergunja
1288:Germanic
1283:Perkunos
1264:Perkunas
1258:Perkunos
1188:Perkūnas
1169:Perkunos
1134:and the
1132:Heracles
1128:Typhoeus
1000:Dundulis
993:Perkūnas
949:Parjanya
875:*meld-n-
868:Perkunos
841:Perkunos
829:Perkunos
817:(tūrvat)
815:तूर्वत्
813:Sanskrit
805:Tarḫunna
780:Parjanya
775:Perkunos
727:Epithets
714:perkūnas
705:pērkauns
687:percunis
578:Germanic
558:cognates
539:*pérkʷus
475:cognates
321:Tarḫunna
301:Perkunas
281:Hercules
252:Parjanya
242:Heracles
212:, ?
7092:Pehuson
7077:Dʰéǵʰōm
7072:Meh₁not
7062:H₂éwsōs
7020:Deities
6937:4174952
6657:2842615
6181:3270472
5941:". In:
5583:Emerita
5542:Emerita
5393:Thracia
5391:" . In
5364:". In:
4370:párvata
4364:. s.v.
3438:Balkans
3370:Perunac
3362:Dobrava
3329:Kaštela
3292:Hattian
3272:Tarḫunz
3268:Hittite
3211:Altdorf
3164:Porenut
3142:Italian
3116:perunas
3111:Hittite
3050:Hercura
3038:Erecura
3016:Gaulish
2974:ERGVENA
2970:Erguena
2896:Persian
2878:Pērūneî
2826:Demeter
2822:Herkyna
2759:per-en-
2755:Perëndi
2621:*hemnaz
2598:Latvian
2552:Avestan
2526:h₂ḱméni
2516:h₂ḱmnós
2506:h₂éḱmōn
2474:molnija
2468:) word
2451:malleus
2383:mellten
2341:Gaulish
2321:Pērkōns
2313:Latvian
2295:*mildnā
2235:маланка
2213:mólnija
2209:Russian
2180:Slovene
2154:mlъldni
1980:fairhus
1959:Fjörgyn
1931:Ptolemy
1909:Arkunia
1889:Gaulish
1857:: Perun
1845:Russian
1757:Latvian
1724:Parcuns
1695:, the '
1604:Perkuna
1429:Himavat
1415:Parvati
1400:Avestan
1391:Hittite
1326:perynja
1298:Gaulish
1270:Perkons
1098:Drangue
1041:Rituals
1025:invoked
1016:Perëndi
960:Pērkōns
906:mjölnir
897:cognate
881:Latvian
809:Tarḫunz
757:Tonaros
749:Taranis
701:Latvian
629:theonym
621:Herkyna
607:Punjabi
590:Gaulish
584:ferhwaz
573:quercus
452:sky-god
428:*h₂éḱmō
392:drought
358:Unicode
311:Taranis
277:Jupiter
214:Perëndi
210:Drangue
179:Symbols
171:*wóǵros
163:*h₂éḱmō
149:Weapons
90:See why
7162:Motifs
7117:Welnos
7107:Deh₂nu
7067:Seh₂ul
7025:simple
6972:
6964:
6943:
6935:
6927:
6900:311338
6898:
6860:
6820:
6798:
6783:
6775:
6738:
6713:
6705:
6684:
6655:
6591:
6554:
6532:
6501:
6482:
6460:
6434:
6412:
6390:
6368:
6342:
6288:
6262:
6243:
6221:
6199:
6179:
6171:
6131:
6109:
6087:
6068:
6034:
6014:
5992:
5962:
5791:
5603:
5562:
5498:
5445:
5239:
5180:Gallia
5157:
5092:
4975:
4940:
4843:
4689:
4667:
4647:
4639:
4619:
4491:
4471:
4368:- and
4326:
4263:
4064:
3932:
3924:
3464:Perone
3443:Pernik
3408:, and
3337:Salona
3264:Luwian
3253:calque
3236:Legacy
3225:Piryon
3154:Slavic
3136:Italic
3122:peruni
3091:*perk-
2950:Celtic
2918:deity
2916:Slavic
2906:, the
2818:ḱerh₂-
2728:kamára
2717:Slavic
2711:stem *
2693:himinn
2651:heofon
2641:himins
2637:Gothic
2631:hemeni
2602:akmens
2536:Haćman
2504:PIE: *
2499:*h₂eḱ-
2486:molńij
2476:. The
2470:malúna
2466:Romani
2455:malatt
2435:melh₂-
2398:Breton
2361:Meldio
2357:Meldoi
2345:Meldos
2331:Celtic
2306:mealde
2291:Baltic
2283:modern
2275:milina
2262:mełnia
2258:Polish
2193:мълния
2183:mółnja
2168:mlъnii
2150:Slavic
2094:melh₂-
2052:Polish
2021:Slavic
2007:, and
2003:, the
1990:firgen
1969:Gothic
1947:*ferga
1891:: the
1876:Celtic
1839:Polish
1821:Slovak
1792:perunъ
1788:Slavic
1765:dainas
1714:Baltic
1706:, the
1615:Piarun
1593:hamarr
1514:hamarr
1508:hamara
1504:) and
1502:heaven
1498:Himmel
1494:German
1489:hemina
1364:Gothic
1224:shkrep
1148:Python
1144:Apollo
1122:Vishap
1114:Vahagn
1090:Apaoša
1084:Sirius
1079:Tištry
1007:Dodona
986:Dodola
923:, the
920:mealde
862:Weapon
811:, and
764:Tonans
741:Þunraz
696:piorun
692:Polish
611:pargāi
570:(from
544:('the
454:), or
228:Hercle
202:Shurdh
7143:Trito
7097:Fates
7035:Dyēus
7027:]
6970:JSTOR
6941:S2CID
6933:JSTOR
6896:JSTOR
6781:JSTOR
6711:JSTOR
6653:JSTOR
6177:JSTOR
6153:Numen
5385:]
4366:asman
4303:(PDF)
4292:(PDF)
4274:(PDF)
4257:(PDF)
3930:S2CID
3906:(PDF)
3515:Param
3511:Baram
3449:Pirin
3430:Porun
3357:Perun
3349:Borun
3345:Perun
3310:Indra
3284:*terh
3229:Pirya
3213:, or
3177:Rügen
3146:porca
3062:Irish
3020:ercos
2953:*
2920:Perun
2846:Vedic
2794:Greek
2774:Dyēus
2720:*kamy
2683:himil
2675:himil
2667:heƀan
2659:himel
2614:*hemō
2592:akmuõ
2582:akmen
2571:ákmōn
2566:Greek
2557:asman
2546:áśman
2542:Vedic
2497:PIE:
2482:molńi
2480:word
2447:mlatъ
2440:*
2433:*
2416:*
2378:sing.
2372:mellt
2367:Welsh
2353:Meldi
2335:meldo
2317:milna
2279:arch.
2267:dial.
2241:Czech
2203:молња
2176:múnja
2164:mlъni
2092:*
2025:*
1927:Pliny
1880:*
1864:PIE:
1849:Peryn
1832:Перун
1815:Czech
1801:Perūn
1780:PIE:
1761:Dievs
1702:PIE:
1689:*per-
1687:PIE:
1621:Perūn
1588:Indra
1583:áśman
1506:*
1487:*
1469:Asman
1462:áśman
1456:akmon
1342:Perūn
1332:Perun
1291:*
1242:Norse
1207:Perun
1140:Ladon
1136:Hydra
1072:Vṛtra
1064:Indra
954:Vedas
936:mellt
930:mlъni
928:*
895:) is
892:milna
835:Dyēus
821:Indra
772:" of
755:*
662:Perun
616:Greek
581:*
562:Latin
552:*-nos
530:*per-
469:(the
464:éwsōs
450:(the
445:Dyēus
388:rains
362:Latin
291:Perun
256:Indra
224:Tinia
206:Verbt
137:Abode
7138:Yemo
7133:Manu
6962:ISSN
6925:ISSN
6858:ISSN
6818:ISBN
6796:ISBN
6789:and
6773:ISSN
6736:ISBN
6703:ISSN
6682:ISSN
6589:ISSN
6571:WORD
6552:ISBN
6530:ISBN
6499:ISBN
6480:ISBN
6458:ISBN
6432:ISBN
6410:ISBN
6388:ISBN
6366:ISBN
6340:ISBN
6286:ISSN
6260:ISBN
6241:ISBN
6219:ISBN
6197:ISBN
6169:ISSN
6129:ISBN
6107:ISBN
6085:ISBN
6066:ISBN
6032:ISBN
6012:ISSN
5990:ISBN
5960:ISBN
5789:ISBN
5601:ISSN
5560:ISSN
5496:ISBN
5443:ISSN
5237:ISSN
5155:ISBN
5090:ISBN
4973:ISBN
4938:ISBN
4871:WORD
4841:ISBN
4824:WORD
4687:ISBN
4665:ISSN
4645:ISBN
4637:ISSN
4617:ISSN
4489:ISBN
4469:ISBN
4324:ISBN
4261:ISBN
4062:ISSN
3922:ISSN
3513:and
3297:Taru
3274:and
3266:and
3207:Bonn
3182:(?)
3119:and
3101:and
3099:Hamp
2962:'),
2810:of *
2804:Zeus
2766:*per
2626:dat.
2618:gen.
2521:loc.
2511:gen.
2478:Komi
2412:mell
2402:mell
2252:arch
2246:mlna
2225:dial
2132:myln
2128:Thor
1963:Thor
1929:and
1919:atis
1699:'),
1612:and
1520:Akmo
1476:Akmo
1395:pēru
1313:and
1311:Kyiv
1246:Thor
1146:and
1142:and
1118:and
1102:and
1086:and
1068:and
1035:and
912:Thor
627:The
594:erc-
505:Name
410:oaks
279:and
267:Thor
240:and
238:Zeus
226:and
198:Zojz
54:lang
6917:doi
6888:doi
6850:doi
6763:doi
6759:227
6728:doi
6674:doi
6645:doi
6579:doi
6316:doi
6161:doi
5591:doi
5550:doi
5433:doi
5387:. "
5346:doi
5188:doi
4356:".
4352:. "
3914:doi
3473:in
3247:or
3088:PIE
3082:in
3078:by
2960:oak
2940:or
2910:of
2770:-di
2763:PIE
2584:-,
2580:: *
2534:: *
2484:or
2390:or
2337:-,
2333:: *
2269:),
2256:),
2166:or
2152:: *
2088:PIE
1790:: *
1738:ltg
1697:oak
1655:by
1555:sky
1545:or
1366:as
1352:In
1174:oak
1031:in
1027:by
546:oak
382:in
183:Oak
74:IPA
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6958:57
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