242:
253:
52:
705:. The conclusion that can be drawn is that the microcontinent wedged out in the east in the Alpine Tethys Ocean. Some authors suggest the ophiolites that occur at the Hohe Tauern window must be correlated with the Piemont-Liguria terrane of the western Alps, because trench deposits such as
380:
Middle
Penninic nappes include the Monte Rosa, Mont Fort, Siviez-Mischabel, Cimes Blanches and Frilihorn, of European origin. Upper Penninic nappes include the Zermatt-Saas and Tsaté, of oceanic origin and the
191:
687:
It is not clear which of these units can be correlated with the
Penninic units of the Western Alps. Some of them are clearly Penninic, some clearly
574:
itself is sometimes considered to have begun east of the
Apulian and African plates, but normally the Alpine Tethys is regarded as part of it.
281:
146:
314:
zones in which the Alps can be divided. In the western Alps the
Penninic nappes are more obviously present than in the eastern Alps (in
546:
of this domain); limestone deposited in shallower parts of the
Piemont-Liguria ocean and turned into marble and originally deep marine
558:. From the Cretaceous onward the oceanic crust of the Piemont-Liguria ocean subducted at these trenches beneath the Apulian plate.
728:"An Outstanding Mountain: The Matterhorn, in Landscapes and Landforms of Switzerland, World Geomorphological Landscapes"
751:
444:
lenses shows these rocks were subducted to great depths in the Earth's mantle. Valais sedimentary rocks include thin
274:
801:
17:
474:
791:
267:
562:
The
Piemont-Liguria Ocean and the Valais Ocean are, together with some other small oceanic basins, called
811:
806:
796:
816:
84:
650:
539:
227:
196:
171:
222:
8:
763:
694:
The oceanic trench deposits of the
Penninic nappes are found through the Alps and called
482:
386:
382:
131:
79:
43:
35:
591:
610:
587:
406:
161:
51:
528:
151:
727:
478:
421:
176:
100:
635:
620:
486:
433:
338:
695:
688:
437:
350:
141:
74:
654:
551:
362:
342:
257:
156:
785:
639:
555:
543:
497:
397:
Four paleogeographic domains can be recognized in the
Penninic nappes of the
354:
232:
186:
166:
136:
69:
701:
What is clear at least is that the Briançonnais terrane is not found in the
702:
676:
571:
425:
398:
334:
327:
217:
241:
752:
Description of the
Western and Central Alps on the website of S.M. Schmid
706:
599:
374:
307:
246:
756:
524:
445:
410:
201:
181:
252:
757:
Description of the geology of
Austria on the website of Christof Kuhn
668:
646:
624:
617:
583:
512:
501:
448:
429:
414:
358:
126:
672:
664:
660:
603:
547:
516:
509:
493:
456:
441:
366:
346:
643:
520:
505:
489:
319:
315:
311:
110:
330:, an area in which rocks from the Penninic nappes are abundant.
680:
628:
606:
532:
467:
459:
452:
370:
333:
Of the three nappe stacks the Penninic nappes have the highest
105:
463:
31:
357:
before the Alps were formed. They are characteristically
764:"Mesozoic Metamorphic evolution of the Tauern Window"
30:
This article is about the geology of the (European)
577:
392:
523:are the Saint Bernard and Monte Rosa nappes; the
783:
725:
519:and lower Cretaceous. Examples of Briançonnais
679:on top of these Cretaceous to early Tertiary
275:
492:, but also metamorphosed sedimentary rocks:
761:
726:Marthaler, Michel; Rougier, Henri (2021).
594:and at the northern boundary of the Alps:
282:
268:
554:that existed at the northern edge of the
14:
784:
542:, mainly ophiolites (fragments of the
353:that existed between the European and
734:. Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
675:and green schists by metamorphism.
24:
50:
25:
828:
477:. These are rocks from the lower
531:are formed by hard Briançonnais
345:origins. They were deposited as
251:
240:
27:Geological formation in the Alps
578:Subdivision in the Eastern Alps
405:rocks from the former European
393:Subdivision in the Western Alps
719:
436:from this disappeared oceanic
13:
1:
712:
683:deposits are found sometimes.
762:Hoeck, V; Koller, F (1999).
365:sediments, metamorphosed to
34:. For the main article see:
7:
515:and thin limestones of the
475:Briançonnais microcontinent
322:as a narrow band. The name
210:Paleogeographic terminology
10:
833:
462:which is now turned into (
337:. They contain high grade
302:, commonly abbreviated as
29:
771:Acta Montanistica Slovaca
691:, and some are disputed.
671:, turned into calcareous
649:(turned into gneisses by
233:Apulian or Adriatic Plate
582:The following Penninic
802:Geology of Switzerland
667:sedimentary rocks and
538:rocks from the former
473:rocks from the former
389:), of African origin.
56:
540:Piemont-Liguria Ocean
228:Piemont-Liguria Ocean
119:Geological structures
54:
568:Western Tethys Ocean
440:. The occurrence of
326:is derived from the
172:Penninic thrustfront
62:Tectonic subdivision
792:Geology of the Alps
564:Alpine Tethys Ocean
361:sequences and deep
306:, are one of three
132:Dent Blanche klippe
93:Formation and rocks
80:Austroalpine nappes
44:Geology of the Alps
36:geology of the Alps
812:Geology of Germany
807:Geology of Austria
797:Structural geology
588:Hohe Tauern window
407:continental margin
383:Dent Blanche nappe
258:Geology portal
197:RhĂ´ne-Simplon line
162:Hohe Tauern window
57:
817:Geology of France
677:Stratigraphically
621:metamorphic rocks
586:are found in the
479:continental crust
434:sedimentary rocks
422:continental crust
339:metamorphic rocks
335:metamorphic grade
292:
291:
223:Briançonnais zone
177:Periadriatic Seam
16:(Redirected from
824:
778:
768:
744:
743:
741:
739:
723:
592:KĹ‘szeg Mountains
428:, metamorphosed
284:
277:
270:
256:
255:
245:
244:
40:
39:
21:
832:
831:
827:
826:
825:
823:
822:
821:
782:
781:
766:
748:
747:
737:
735:
724:
720:
715:
709:occur in both.
609:of continental
580:
550:formed in the
529:Mischabelhörner
420:rocks from the
395:
343:paleogeographic
296:Penninic nappes
288:
250:
247:Alps portal
239:
237:
192:Rechnitz window
152:Giudicárie line
142:Engadine window
75:Penninic nappes
38:
28:
23:
22:
18:Penninic nappes
15:
12:
11:
5:
830:
820:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
780:
779:
759:
754:
746:
745:
717:
716:
714:
711:
696:BĂĽndner slates
685:
684:
658:
655:Alpine orogeny
632:
614:
579:
576:
560:
559:
552:oceanic trench
536:
471:
418:
394:
391:
355:Apulian plates
318:), where they
290:
289:
287:
286:
279:
272:
264:
261:
260:
236:
235:
230:
225:
220:
212:
211:
207:
206:
205:
204:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
169:
164:
159:
157:Greywacke zone
154:
149:
144:
139:
134:
129:
121:
120:
116:
115:
114:
113:
108:
103:
101:BĂĽndner schist
95:
94:
90:
89:
88:
87:
82:
77:
72:
64:
63:
59:
58:
47:
46:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
829:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
789:
787:
777:(2): 145–147.
776:
772:
765:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
749:
733:
729:
722:
718:
710:
708:
704:
699:
697:
692:
690:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
659:
656:
652:
648:
645:
641:
640:Carboniferous
637:
633:
630:
626:
622:
619:
615:
612:
608:
605:
601:
597:
596:
595:
593:
589:
585:
575:
573:
569:
565:
557:
556:Apulian plate
553:
549:
545:
544:oceanic crust
541:
537:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
511:
507:
503:
499:
498:Carboniferous
495:
491:
488:
484:
481:deformed and
480:
476:
472:
469:
465:
461:
458:
454:
450:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
416:
412:
408:
404:
403:
402:
400:
390:
388:
384:
378:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
341:of different
340:
336:
331:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
285:
280:
278:
273:
271:
266:
265:
263:
262:
259:
254:
249:
248:
243:
234:
231:
229:
226:
224:
221:
219:
216:
215:
214:
213:
209:
208:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
187:Lepontin dome
185:
183:
180:
178:
175:
173:
170:
168:
167:Molasse basin
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
153:
150:
148:
145:
143:
140:
138:
137:Engadine Line
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
124:
123:
122:
118:
117:
112:
109:
107:
104:
102:
99:
98:
97:
96:
92:
91:
86:
85:Southern Alps
83:
81:
78:
76:
73:
71:
70:Helvetic Zone
68:
67:
66:
65:
61:
60:
53:
49:
48:
45:
42:
41:
37:
33:
19:
774:
770:
736:. Retrieved
732:ResearchGate
731:
721:
707:radiolarites
703:Eastern Alps
700:
693:
686:
581:
572:Tethys Ocean
567:
563:
561:
426:Valais Ocean
399:Western Alps
396:
387:Austroalpine
379:
375:amphibolites
332:
328:Pennine Alps
323:
308:nappe stacks
303:
299:
295:
293:
238:
218:Valais Ocean
651:deformation
600:Precambrian
584:lithologies
500:rocks, red
147:Flysch zone
786:Categories
738:15 January
713:References
669:ophiolites
647:intrusions
625:ophiolites
525:Monte Rosa
513:evaporites
502:sandstones
449:limestones
446:Cretaceous
432:and other
430:ophiolites
409:that were
312:geological
300:Penninicum
202:Sesia unit
182:Ivrea zone
673:phyllites
618:Paleozoic
548:mudstones
504:from the
496:-bearing
411:subducted
367:phyllites
359:ophiolite
347:sediments
127:Aarmassif
689:Helvetic
665:Jurassic
661:Triassic
636:Hercynic
634:younger
616:various
611:basement
607:gneisses
604:Cambrian
533:gneisses
527:and the
521:terranes
517:Jurassic
510:Triassic
508:period,
494:graphite
490:granites
487:Variscan
483:intruded
457:Tertiary
442:eclogite
415:obducted
324:Penninic
320:crop out
304:Penninic
55:The Alps
653:in the
644:granite
629:schists
506:Permian
468:schists
453:marbles
424:of the
371:schists
349:on the
316:Austria
298:or the
111:molasse
681:flysch
638:(late
590:, the
570:. The
460:flysch
455:) and
417:again.
363:marine
106:flysch
767:(PDF)
451:(now
438:basin
351:crust
740:2022
663:and
602:and
598:old
464:mica
413:and
373:and
310:and
294:The
32:Alps
566:or
485:by
466:-)
788::
773:.
769:.
730:.
698:.
657:).
642:)
627:,
401::
377:.
369:,
775:4
742:.
631:)
623:(
613:.
535:.
470:.
385:(
283:e
276:t
269:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
