Poverty - Knowledge

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extent that only 30%, on average, of the supplying costs in developing countries is covered. This results in a lack of incentive to maintain delivery systems, leading to losses from leaks annually that are enough for 200 million people. This also leads to a lack of incentive to invest in expanding the network, resulting in much of the poor population being unconnected to the network. Instead, the poor buy water from water vendors for, on average, about 5 to 16 times the metered price. However, subsidies for laying new connections to the network rather than for consumption have shown more promise for the poor.

14314: 323:: Fundamentally, poverty is a denial of choices and opportunities, a violation of human dignity. It means lack of basic capacity to participate effectively in society. It means not having enough to feed and clothe a family, not having a school or clinic to go to, not having the land on which to grow one's food or a job to earn one's living, not having access to credit. It means insecurity, powerlessness and exclusion of individuals, households and communities. It means susceptibility to violence, and it often implies living in marginal or fragile environments, without access to clean water or sanitation. 2317: 1497:

those students who come from more advantaged backgrounds. As a result, children in poverty are at a higher risk than advantaged children for retention in their grade, special deleterious placements during the school's hours and not completing their high school education. Advantage breeds advantage. There are many explanations for why students tend to drop out of school. One is the conditions in which they attend school. Schools in poverty-stricken areas have conditions that hinder children from learning in a safe environment. Researchers have developed a name for areas like this: an

1992: 1612: 1824: 18523: 1371: 394: 2715: 2395: 3203: 1703:. Even while providing latrines is a challenge, people still do not use them even when available. Bangladesh had half the GDP per capita of India but has a lower mortality from diarrhea than India or the world average, with diarrhea deaths declining by 90% since the 1990s. By strategically providing pit latrines to the poorest, charities in Bangladesh sparked a cultural change as those better off perceived it as an issue of status to not use one. The vast majority of the latrines built were then not from charities but by villagers themselves. 608: 1446: 751: 1283: 772:

locations, gender relationships, lack of security, limited capabilities, physical limitations, precarious livelihoods, problems in social relationships, weak community organizations and discrimination. Analysis of social aspects of poverty links conditions of scarcity to aspects of the distribution of resources and power in a society and recognizes that poverty may be a function of the diminished "capability" of people to live the kinds of lives they value. The social aspects of poverty may include lack of

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threshold for absolute poverty line; in the United States, for example, the absolute poverty line was US$ 15.15 per day in 2010 (US$ 22,000 per year for a family of four), while in India it was US$ 1.0 per day and in China the absolute poverty line was US$ 0.55 per day, each on PPP basis in 2010. These different poverty lines make data comparison between each nation's official reports qualitatively difficult. Some scholars argue that the World Bank method sets the bar too high, others argue it is too low.

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thrust there by circumstances largely beyond their control, such as physical or mental disabilities, divorce, family breakdown, illness, old age, unlivable wages or discrimination in the job market." Societal perception of people experiencing economic difficulty has historically appeared as a conceptual dichotomy: the "good" poor (people who are physically impaired, disabled, the "ill and incurable," the elderly, pregnant women, children) vs. the "bad" poor (able-bodied, "valid" adults, most often male).

1513:, and economic dependency upon their low-income parent or parents. Families and society who submit low levels of investment in the education and development of less fortunate children end up with less favorable results for the children who see a life of parental employment reduction and low wages. Higher rates of early childbearing with all the connected risks to family, health and well-being are major issues to address since education from preschool to high school is identifiably meaningful in a life. 1604: 1725: 2648: 1241: 1350:

complicated problems. The reduced capability for problem solving can lead to suboptimal decisions and further perpetuate poverty. Many other pathways from poverty to compromised cognitive capacities have been noted, from poor nutrition and environmental toxins to the effects of stress on parenting behavior, all of which lead to suboptimal psychological development. Neuroscientists have documented the impact of poverty on brain structure and function throughout the lifespan.

2184: 2775:. In Mexico, for example, dropout rates of 16- to 19-year-olds in rural area dropped by 20% and children gained half an inch in height. Initial fears that the program would encourage families to stay at home rather than work to collect benefits have proven to be unfounded. Instead, there is less excuse for neglectful behavior as, for example, children stopped begging on the streets instead of going to school because it could result in suspension from the program. 1525:

that children who live at or below the poverty level will have far less success educationally than children who live above the poverty line. Poor children have a great deal less healthcare and this ultimately results in many absences from school. Additionally, poor children are much more likely to suffer from hunger, fatigue, irritability, headaches, ear infections, flu, and colds. These illnesses could potentially restrict a student's focus and concentration.

19082: 17862: 1461:. This study also found that children exposed to poverty-stricken environments have slower cognitive thinking. It is seen that children perform better under the care of their parents and that children tend to adopt speaking language at a younger age. Since being in poverty from childhood is more harmful than it is for an adult, it is seen that children in poor households tend to fall behind in certain cognitive abilities compared to other average families. 85: 2447: 19092: 65: 894:$ 1.25 per day in 1981. In 2005, about 4.09 billion people in the developing world lived above $ 1.25 per day and 1.4 billion people lived below $ 1.25 per day (both 1981 and 2005 data are on inflation adjusted basis). The share of the world's population living in absolute poverty fell from 43% in 1981 to 14% in 2011. The absolute number of people in poverty fell from 1.95 billion in 1981 to 1.01 billion in 2011. The economist 344:(EU): The European Union's definition of poverty is significantly different from definitions in other parts of the world, and consequently policy measures introduced to combat poverty in EU countries also differ from measures in other nations. Poverty is measured in relation to the distribution of income in each member country using relative income poverty lines. Relative-income poverty rates in the EU are compiled by the 569:. It is argued that the needs considered fundamental is not an objective measure and could change with the custom of society. For example, a person who cannot afford housing better than a small tent in an open field would be said to live in relative poverty if almost everyone else in that area lives in modern brick homes, but not if everyone else also lives in small tents in open fields (for example, in a 2260:. Zambia began offering services, such as free health care even while overwhelming the health care infrastructure, because of savings that resulted from a 2005 round of debt relief. Since that round of debt relief, private creditors accounted for an increasing share of poor countries' debt service obligations. This complicated efforts to renegotiate easier terms for borrowers during crises such as the 428:' or 'abject poverty', refers to a set standard which is consistent over time and between countries. This set standard usually refers to "a condition characterized by severe deprivation of basic human needs, including food, safe drinking water, sanitation facilities, health, shelter, education and information. It depends not only on income but also on access to services." Having an income below the 1942: 864:

the lower fifth of the income level were still at that level, while 95% transitioned to a higher income category. Poverty levels can remain the same while those who rise out of poverty are replaced by others. The transient poor and chronic poor differ in each society. In a nine-year period ending in 2005 for the US, 50% of the poorest quintile transitioned to a higher quintile.

2301:, buy up the debt of poor nations cheaply and then sue countries for the full value of the debt plus interest which can be ten or 100 times what they paid. They may pursue any companies which do business with their target country to force them to pay to the fund instead. Considerable resources are diverted on costly court cases. For example, a court in 1357:

negative income trying to treat diseases. Often when a person in a poor household falls ill it is up to the family members to take care of them due to limited access to health care and lack of health insurance. The household members often have to give up their income or stop seeking further education to tend to the sick member. There is a greater

2019:, among others, has called for an international movement to end extreme wealth concentration arguing that the concentration of resources in the hands of the top 1% depresses economic activity and makes life harder for everyone else—particularly those at the bottom of the economic ladder. And they say that the gains of the world's 581:. The main poverty line used in the Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the European Union (EU) is based on "economic distance", a level of income set at 60% of the median household income. The United States federal government typically regulates this line to three times the cost of an adequate meal. 2473:, that periodically provides each citizen, rich or poor, with a sum of money that is sufficient to live on. Studies of large cash-transfer programs in Ethiopia, Kenya, and Malawi show that the programs can be effective in increasing consumption, schooling, and nutrition, whether they are tied to such conditions or not. 1643:

out, the poorest are more and more concentrated, having only other very poor people as neighbors. This concentration causes social isolation, Wilson suggests, because the very poor are now isolated from access to the job networks, role models, institutions, and other connections that might help them escape poverty.

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process, known as attunement, is most crucial during the first 6–24 months of infants' lives and helps them develop a wider range of healthy emotions, including gratitude, forgiveness, and empathy. Enrichment through personalized, increasingly complex activities". In one survey, 67% of children from disadvantaged

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regular food shortages in Sub-Saharan Africa; a deficiency in water availability, with droughts predicted to happen much faster and last longer; degradation and loss of reefs in South East Asia, resulting in reduced fish stocks; and coastal communities and cities more vulnerable to increasingly violent storms.

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the poverty rate dropped from 31.4% of the population to 19.6%. The average post-communist country had returned to 1989 levels of per-capita GDP by 2005, although as of 2015 some are still far behind that. According to the World Bank in 2014, around 80 million people were still living on less than $ 5.00 a day.

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significantly after 1500 with the emergence of colonialism and the beginnings of capitalism, stating that "the expansion of the capitalist world-system caused a dramatic and prolonged process of impoverishment on a scale unparalleled in recorded history." Sullivan and Hickel assert that only with the rise of

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report estimated that climate change was likely to hinder future attempts to reduce poverty with a 2016 UN report claiming that by 2030, an additional 122 million more people could be driven to extreme poverty because of climate change. The possible impacts of a temperature rise of 2 °C include:

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can reduce the overall cost of providing healthcare by having a single payer negotiating with healthcare providers and minimizing administrative costs. It is also argued that subsidizing essential goods such as fuel is less efficient in helping the poor than providing that same money as income grants

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asserts that caricatured narratives about the rich and the poor (that "the rich are industrious, entrepreneurial, patriotic and the drivers of economic success" while "the poor are wasters, losers and scammers") are largely inaccurate, as "the poor are overwhelmingly those born into poverty, or those

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A psychological study has been conducted by four scientists during inaugural Convention of Psychological Science. The results find that people who thrive with financial stability or fall under low socioeconomic status (SES) tend to perform worse cognitively due to external pressure imposed upon them.

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There is disagreement among experts as to what would be considered a realistic poverty rate with one considering it "an inaccurately measured and arbitrary cut off". Some contend that a higher poverty line is needed, such as a minimum of $ 7.40 or even $ 10 to $ 15 a day. They argue that these levels

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Among those who have become convinced of the virtues of the basic income approach are several Nobel Prize-winning economists of surprisingly diverse political convictions: Milton Friedman, Herbert Simon, Robert Solow, Jan Tinbergen and James Tobin (besides, of course, James Meade who was an advocate

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refers to for-profit companies taking over roles previously held by government agencies. The incentive for profit in such companies has been argued to interfere with efficiently providing the needed services. Aid from richer nations increasingly go through for profit institutions. Such hospitals are

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be spent on buying food at home, instead of where the hungry live, and, as a result, half of what is spent is used on transport. Domestic NGOs have more expertise in their respective regions and have less overhead and thus tend to be more efficient in delivering aid but receive less funding. Housing

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The loss of basic needs providers emigrating from impoverished countries has a damaging effect. As of 2004, there were more Ethiopia-trained doctors living in Chicago than in Ethiopia and this often leaves inadequately less skilled doctors to remain in their home countries. Proposals to mitigate the

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at girls' expense, particularly poor and rural girls. In Mauritania, the adjusted gender parity index is 0.86 on average, but only 0.63 for the poorest 20%, while there is parity among the richest 20%. In countries with completion rates between 60% and 80%, gender disparity is generally smaller, but

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Poverty often drastically affects children's success in school. A child's "home activities, preferences, mannerisms" must align with the world and in the cases that they do not do these, students are at a disadvantage in the school and, most importantly, the classroom. Therefore, it is safe to state

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is a poor, crime-laden district in which deteriorated, violent, even warlike conditions and underfunded, largely ineffective schools promote inferior academic performance, including irregular attendance and disruptive or non-compliant classroom behavior. Because of poverty, "Students from low-income

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was a ten-year study that was able to demonstrate this. During the study, about one-quarter of the families saw a dramatic and unexpected increase in income. The study showed that among these children, instances of behavioral and emotional disorders decreased, and conscientiousness and agreeableness

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In Sub-Saharan Africa extreme poverty went up from 41% in 1981 to 46% in 2001, which combined with growing population increased the number of people living in extreme poverty from 231 million to 318 million. Statistics of 2018 shows population living in extreme conditions has declined by more than 1

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Chaniwa, Marjorie; Nyawenze, Collen; Mandumbu, Ronald; Mutsiveri, Godfrey; Gadzirayi, Christopher T.; Munyati, Vincent T.; Rugare, Joyful Tatenda (2020), Nhamo, Godwell; Odularu, Gbadebo O. A.; Mjimba, Vuyo (eds.), "Ending Poverty Through Affordable Credit to Small-Scale Cotton Farmers: The Case of

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have challenged this contemporary mainstream narrative on poverty, arguing that extreme poverty was not the norm throughout human history, but emerged during "periods of severe social and economic dislocation", including high European feudalism and the apex of the Roman Empire, and that it expanded

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between dynastic politics and poverty; i.e. the higher proportion of dynastic politicians in power in a province leads to higher poverty rate. There is significant evidence that these political dynasties use their political dominance over their respective regions to enrich themselves, using methods

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which utilizes the wide availability of mobile phones. This usually involves a network of agents of mostly shopkeepers who would take deposits in cash and translate these onto an account on customers' phones. Cash transfers can be done between phones and issued back in cash with a small commission,

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concludes that governments and feudal elites extending to the poor the right to the land that they live and use are 'the key to reducing poverty' citing that land rights greatly increase poor people's wealth, in some cases doubling it. Providing secure tenure to land ownership creates incentives to

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means converting an aging neighborhood into a more affluent one, as by remodeling homes. Landlords then increase rent on newly renovated real estate; the poor people cannot afford to pay high rent, and may need to leave their neighborhood to find affordable housing. The poor also get more access to

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policies resulted in unemployment rising to double digits and half the Russian population falling into destitution by the early to mid 1990s. By 1999, during the peak of the poverty crisis, 191 million people were living on less than $ 5.50 a day. In subsequent years as per capita incomes recovered

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Poverty levels are snapshot pictures in time that omits the transitional dynamics between levels. Mobility statistics supply additional information about the fraction who leave the poverty level. For example, one study finds that in a sixteen-year period (1975 to 1991 in the US) only 5% of those in

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is the idea that societal poverty exists if there is a lack of human relationships. Relational poverty can be the result of a lost contact number, lack of phone ownership, isolation, or deliberate severing of ties with an individual or community. Relational poverty is also understood "by the social

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on extreme poverty and human rights, stated the World Bank's international poverty line of $ 1.90 a day is fundamentally flawed, and has allowed for "self congratulatory" triumphalism in the fight against extreme global poverty, which he asserts is "completely off track" and that nearly half of the

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So, what is the balance sheet of transition? Only three or at most five or six countries could be said to be on the road to becoming a part of the rich and (relatively) stable capitalist world. Many of the other countries are falling behind, and some are so far behind that they cannot aspire to go

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and socialist political movements in the 20th century did human welfare begin to see significant improvement. However, all scholars and intellectuals, including Hickel, agree that the incomes of the poorest people in the world have increased since 1981. Nevertheless, Sullivan and Hickel argue that

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is to "end poverty in all its forms everywhere". It aims to eliminate extreme poverty for all people measured by daily wages less than $ 1.25 and at least half the total number of men, women, and children living in poverty. In addition, social protection systems must be established at the national

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it takes two days, two registration procedures, and $ 280 to do the same. Such costly barriers favor big firms at the expense of small enterprises, where most jobs are created. Often, businesses have to bribe government officials even for routine activities, which is, in effect, a tax on business.

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Predominant indices for measuring the complex nature of energy poverty include the Energy Development Index (EDI), the Multidimensional Energy Poverty Index (MEPI), and Energy Poverty Index (EPI). Both binary and multidimensional measures of energy poverty are required to establish indicators that

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The geographic concentration of poverty is argued to be a factor in entrenching poverty. William J. Wilson's "concentration and isolation" hypothesis states that the economic difficulties of the very poorest African Americans are compounded by the fact that as the better-off African Americans move

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Poor people often are more prone to severe diseases due to the lack of health care, and due to living in non-optimal conditions. Among the poor, girls tend to suffer even more due to gender discrimination. Economic stability is paramount in a poor household; otherwise they go in an endless loop of

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One-third of deaths around the world—some 18 million people a year or 50,000 per day—are due to poverty-related causes. People living in developing nations, among them women and children, are over represented among the global poor and these effects of severe poverty. Those living in poverty suffer

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and inequitable social relationships, experienced as social exclusion, dependency, and diminished capacity to participate, or to develop meaningful connections with other people in society. Such social exclusion can be minimized through strengthened connections with the mainstream, such as through

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Reprint of Report of the committee appointed by the Board of Guardians of the Poor of the City and Districts of Philadelphia to visit the cities of Baltimore, New York, Providence, Boston, and Salem (published in Philadelphia, 1827); Report of the Massachusetts General Court's Committee on Pauper

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Critics of neoliberalism have therefore looked at the evidence that documents the results of this great experiment of the past 30 years, in which many markets have been set free. Looking at the evidence, we can see that the total amount of global trade has increased significantly, but that global

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Even with new products, such as better seeds, or greater volumes of them, such as industrial production, the poor still require access to these products. Improving road and transportation infrastructure helps solve this major bottleneck. In Africa, it costs more to move fertilizer from an African

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worldwide. Most of the children living in institutions around the world have a surviving parent or close relative, and they most commonly entered orphanages because of poverty. It is speculated that, flush with money, for-profit orphanages are increasing and push for children to join even though

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Research has found that there is a high risk of educational underachievement for children who are from low-income housing circumstances. This is often a process that begins in primary school. Instruction in the US educational system, as well as in most other countries, tends to be geared towards

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supplies whose effectiveness in poverty alleviation is diluted by the non-poor who enjoy the same subsidized prices. With cars and other appliances, the wealthiest 20% of Egypt uses about 93% of the country's fuel subsidies. In some countries, fuel subsidies are a larger part of the budget than

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The following are strategies used or proposed to increase personal incomes among the poor. Raising farm incomes is described as the core of the antipoverty effort as three-quarters of the poor today are farmers. Estimates show that growth in the agricultural productivity of small farmers is, on

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Water utility subsidies tend to subsidize water consumption by those connected to the supply grid, which is typically skewed towards the richer and urban segment of the population and those outside informal housing. As a result of heavy consumption subsidies, the price of water decreases to the

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to those who are experiencing poverty. The World Bank's "Voices of the Poor", based on research with over 20,000 poor people in 23 countries, identifies a range of factors which poor people identify as part of poverty. These include abuse by those in power, dis-empowering institutions, excluded

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as less than $ 2 or $ 5 a day. Similarly, 'ultra-poverty' is defined by a 2007 report issued by International Food Policy Research Institute as living on less than 54 cents per day. The poverty line threshold of $ 1.90 per day, as set by the World Bank, is controversial. Each nation has its own

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warning that "extreme poverty and extreme wealth have risen sharply and simultaneously for the first time in 25 years." In 2024, Oxfam reported that roughly five billion people have become poorer since 2020 and warned that current trends could postpone global poverty eradication for 229 years.

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think tank, criticized Hickel's claim that people before industrialization lived well without a lot of monetary income, stating that "The evidence from contemporary accounts and academic research" shows that "Compared to today, Western European living standards prior to industrialization were

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For a child to grow up emotionally healthy, the children under three need "A strong, reliable primary caregiver who provides consistent and unconditional love, guidance, and support. Safe, predictable, stable environments. Ten to 20 hours each week of harmonious, reciprocal interactions. This

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According to one study, the percentage of the world population in hunger and poverty fell in absolute percentage terms from 50% in 1950 to 30% in 1970. According to another study the number of people worldwide living in absolute poverty fell from 1.18 billion in 1950 to 1.04 billion in 1977.

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report estimates that about 30% of sub-Saharan Africa's GDP has been moved to tax havens. Solutions include corporate "country-by-country reporting" where corporations disclose activities in each country and thereby prohibit the use of tax havens where no effective economic activity occurs.

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Alongside ambitious investment in schooling girls (and more broadly, of course, all children), priority should be given to making high-quality family-planning services available to every woman on the planet, while economic, geographic, and cultural barriers to access should be removed. The

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aim to increase their share of funding to go through 'local partners', called 'localizing'. The obstacles include accountability where it is easier to delegate responsibility for spending on one international NGO than having to track tax payer money going to numerous smaller domestic NGOs.

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Studies have shown that poverty impedes cognitive function although some of these findings could not be replicated in follow-up studies. One hypothesised mechanism is that financial worries put a severe burden on one's mental resources so that they are no longer fully available for solving

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Greater access to markets brings more income to the poor. Road infrastructure has a direct impact on poverty. Additionally, migration from poorer countries resulted in $ 328 billion sent from richer to poorer countries in 2010, more than double the $ 120 billion in official aid flows from

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reported that extreme poverty fell from 11% to 10%, however they also noted that the rate of decline had slowed by nearly half from the 25 year average with parts of sub-saharan Africa returning to early 2000 levels. The World Bank attributed this to increasing violence following the

1859:. In addition, the fact that women are more likely to be caregivers, regardless of income level, to either the generations before or after them, exacerbates the burdens of their poverty. Those in poverty have increased chances of incurring a disability which leads to a cycle where 2092:, by 1600 three-quarters of the total population were too poor to pay taxes, and therefore likely to need relief in times of crisis." The initial industrial revolution led to high economic growth and eliminated mass absolute poverty in what is now considered the developed world. 439:

The "dollar a day" poverty line was first introduced in 1990 as a measure to meet such standards of living. For nations that do not use the US dollar as currency, "dollar a day" does not translate to living a day on the equivalent amount of local currency as determined by the

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dollars, 85% of people live on less than $ 30 per day, two-thirds live on less than $ 10 per day, and 10% live on less than $ 1.90 per day. According to the World Bank Group in 2020, more than 40% of the poor live in conflict-affected countries. Even when countries experience

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could affect economic success. However, researchers have gathered evidence that suggest that values are not as deeply ingrained and that changing economic opportunities explain most of the movement into and out of poverty, as opposed to shifts in values. A 2018 report on

573:). Since richer nations would have lower levels of absolute poverty, relative poverty is considered the "most useful measure for ascertaining poverty rates in wealthy developed nations" and is the "most prominent and most-quoted of the EU social inclusion indicators". 2225:, from the developing world is estimated at ten times the size of aid it receives and twice the debt service it pays, with one estimate that most of Africa would be developed if the taxes owed were paid. About 60 per cent of illicit capital flight from Africa is from 206:, the poorest citizens of middle-income countries frequently do not gain an adequate share of their countries' increased wealth to leave poverty. Governments and non-governmental organizations have experimented with a number of different policies and programs for 1740:

is lack of access to modern energy services in the home. In 2022, 759 million people lacked access to consistent electricity and 2.6 billion people used dangerous and inefficient cooking systems. Their well-being is negatively affected by very low consumption of

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estimates that the number of people in poverty is therefore roughly the same as 200 years ago. This is the case since the world population was just little more than 1 billion in 1820 and the majority (84% to 94%) of the world population was living in poverty.

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simplify the process of measuring and tracking energy poverty globally. Energy poverty often exacerbates existing vulnerabilities amongst underprivileged communities and negatively impacts public and household health, education, and women's opportunities.

5731: 4107: 13523: 14888: 1473:(median income for a household: $ 27,133) have been found to be victims of violence, compared to 32% in Washington, DC (mean income for a household: $ 40,127). Studies have shown that poverty changes the personalities of children who live in it. The 991:

resulted in large declines in GDP per capita, of about 30 to 35% between 1990 and the through year of 1998 (when it was at its minimum). As a result, poverty rates tripled, excess mortality increased, and life expectancy declined. Russian President

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Farah, Martha J.; Betancourt, Laura; Shera, David M.; Savage, Jessica H.; Giannetta, Joan M.; Brodsky, Nancy L.; Malmud, Elsa K.; Hurt, Hallam (September 2008). "Environmental stimulation, parental nurturance and cognitive development in humans".

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improve the land and thus improves the welfare of the poor. It is argued that those in power have an incentive to not secure property rights as they are able to then more easily take land or any small business that does well to their supporters.

14758:.... 'Why... do wages tend to a minimum which will give but a bare living?' A short answer would be: because they can.... Insofar as the public is barred from taking a central role in society, we lose wisdom to stealth, stupidity, parochialism." 2795:-related deaths and three dollars were not given to new mothers to help prevent millions of child deaths. He argues that even though the aid was well-meaning, it failed to bring results because "Planners," and not "Searchers," are supplying it. 2286:

measures such as the elimination of state subsidies and the privatization of state services. For example, the World Bank presses poor nations to eliminate subsidies for fertilizer even while many farmers cannot afford them at market prices. In

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came under attack for its redefinition of poverty; poverty is no longer classified by a family's income, but as to whether a family is in work or not. Considering that two-thirds of people who found work were accepting wages that are below the

6404: 2662:, is where small amounts of money are loaned to borrowers who typically lack collateral, steady employment, or a verifiable credit history.. However, microlending has been criticized for making hyperprofits off the poor even from its founder, 2007:

needed to purchase those needs. Some strategies such as building roads can both bring access to various basic needs, such as fertilizer or healthcare from urban areas, as well as increase incomes, by bringing better access to urban markets.

2376:, telehealth has been found to reduce travel costs alone for the state by $ 13 million in 2021 and, according to one study, reduced the life expectancy gap between whites and American Indian population in Alaska from eight to five years. 502:

Other measures of absolute poverty without using a certain dollar amount include the standard defined as receiving less than 80% of minimum caloric intake whilst spending more than 80% of income on food, sometimes called ultra-poverty.

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found that this leads to fragmentation where too many agencies were financing too many small projects using too many different procedures and that the civil service of the donor countries were overstretched producing reports for each.

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Minority views, p. 46 in U.S. Congress, Report of the Joint Economic Committee on the January 1964 Economic Report of the President with Minority and Additional Views (Report). Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office. January

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There are several definitions of poverty depending on the context of the situation it is placed in. It usually references a state or condition in which a person or community lacks the financial resources and essentials for a certain

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World Bank data shows that the percentage of the population living in households with consumption or income per person below the poverty line has decreased in each region of the world except Middle East and North Africa since 1990:

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Usually, relative poverty is measured as the percentage of the population with income less than some fixed proportion of median income. This is a calculation of the percentage of people whose family household income falls below the

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imposed on the poor to tend to someone compared to someone with better financial stability. Increased access to healthcare and improved health outcomes help prevent individuals from falling into poverty due to medical expenses.

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with dignity. Poverty also encompasses low levels of health and education, poor access to clean water and sanitation, inadequate physical security, lack of voice, and insufficient capacity and opportunity to better one's life.

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by the rich. For example, it is estimated that 92% of accumulated greenhouse gas emissions can be attributed to countries from the Global North while 8% of emissions are attributed to countries from the Global South. However,

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rate, which would look at how much local currency is needed to buy the same things that a dollar could buy in the United States. Usually, this would translate to having less local currency than if the exchange rate were used.

6637:"Poverty headcount ratio at $ 2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population) – East Asia & Pacific, Sub-Saharan Africa, Europe & Central Asia, Middle East & North Africa, South Asia, Latin America & Caribbean, World" 6190: 5367: 1894:, as a means of survival and economic desperation. Deterioration of living conditions can often compel children to abandon school to contribute to the family income, putting them at risk of being exploited. For example, in 746:

is less than 9,200 kilojoules (2,200 kilocalories) decreased from 56% in the mid-1960s to below 10% by the 1990s. Similar trends can be observed for literacy, access to clean water and electricity and basic consumer items.

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One estimate places the true scale of poverty much higher than the World Bank, with an estimated 4.3 billion people (59% of the world's population) living with less than $ 5 a day and unable to meet basic needs adequately.

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Among some individuals, poverty is considered a necessary or desirable condition, which must be embraced to reach certain spiritual, moral, or intellectual states. Poverty is often understood to be an essential element of

1898:, a number of girls are turning to sex in return for food to survive because of the increasing poverty. According to studies, as poverty decreases there will be fewer and fewer instances of violence. Some data such as the 5993: 3055:, which not only exacerbates existing inequality, but is more likely to make it multigenerational. Widespread, multigenerational poverty is an important contributor to civil unrest and political instability. For example, 2537:

health and education. A 2008 study concluded that the money spent on in-kind transfers in India in a year could lift all India's poor out of poverty for that year if transferred directly. Additionally, in aid models, the

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model increasingly used by aid groups calls for giving cash or cash vouchers to the hungry to pay local farmers instead of buying food from donor countries, often required by law, as it wastes money on transport costs.

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basis, after adjusting for inflation to the 1993 US dollar In 2009, it was updated as $ 1.25 a day (equivalent to $ 1.00 a day in 1996 US prices) and in 2015, it was updated as living on less than US$ 1.90 per day, and

6352:"If, in 1987–1988, 2 percent of the Russian people lived in poverty (i.e., survived on less than $ 4 a day), by 1993–1995 the number reached 50 percent: in just seven years half the Russian population became destitute. 5529: 2096:

of goods in places such as rapidly industrializing China has made what were once considered luxuries, such as vehicles and computers, inexpensive and thus accessible to many who were otherwise too poor to afford them.

930:

were living in extreme poverty, down from 1.75 billion in 1990. Extreme poverty is observed in all parts of the world, including developed economies. Of the 2015 population, about 347.1 million people (35.2%) lived in

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in Sub-Saharan Africa, and general African inflationary pressures and economic malaise were the primary drivers for this slow down. Many wealthy nations have seen an increase in relative poverty rates ever since the

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to survive. The main aim of giving up things of the materialistic world is to withdraw oneself from sensual pleasures (as they are considered illusionary and only temporary in some religions—such as the concept of

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Poverty and lack of access to birth control can lead to population increases that put pressure on local economies and access to resources, amplifying other economic inequality and creating increase poverty. Better

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The primary obstacle argued against direct cash transfers is the impractically for poor countries of such large and direct transfers. In practice, payments determined by complex iris scanning are used by war-torn

1690:

The poor tend to pay more for access to utilities and ensuring the availability of water, sanitation, energy, and telecommunication services such as broadband internet service help in reducing poverty in general.

14423:

Buhmann, Brigitte, et al. 1988. "Equivalence Scales, Well-Being, Inequality, and Poverty: Sensitivity Estimates Across Ten Countries Using the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS) Database." Review of Income and Wealth

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poverty persists under contemporary global capitalism (in spite of it being highly productive) because masses of working people are cut off from common land and resources, have no ownership or control over the

1325:

during childbirth occur in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, compared to less than 1% in the developed world. Those who live in poverty have also been shown to have a far greater likelihood of having or incurring a

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because it learned what worked and what did not. Knowledge on the cost effectiveness of healthcare interventions can be elusive and educational measures have been made to disseminate what works, such as the

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global population, or 3.4 billion, lives on less than $ 5.50 a day, and this number has barely moved since 1990. Still others suggest that poverty line misleads because many live on far less than that line.

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miserably low.", that "poverty was widespread and it was precisely the onset of industrialization and global trade … which led to poverty alleviation first in the West and then in the Rest." and that both

1756:, "Access to energy is fundamental to improving quality of life and is a key imperative for economic development. In the developing world, energy poverty is still rife." As a result of this situation, the 971:

In East Asia the World Bank reported that "The poverty headcount rate at the $ 2-a-day level is estimated to have fallen to about 27 percent , down from 29.5 percent in 2006 and 69 percent in 1990." The

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Laws (published in , 1821); and the 1824 Report of the New York Secretary of State on the relief and settlement of the poor (from the 24th annual report of the New York State Board of Charities, 1901).

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combination of institutional support to plan one's child-bearing choices and educational attainment, including enhanced opportunity for higher education for women, yields immediate fertility declines.

11151: 4013: 3261:

is the conservation model based on the belief that biodiversity protection is best achieved by creating protected areas in isolation from humans and this has led to the eviction of indigenous people.

5551: 2764:, illness and malnutrition, while being only a twenty-fifth as expensive as increasing school attendance by constructing schools. Schoolgirl absenteeism could be cut in half by simply providing free 18121: 10555: 5798: 2580:

being treated by governments as employment agencies to loyal supporters and so it could mean going through 20 procedures, paying $ 2,696 in fees, and waiting 82 business days to start a business in

19687: 18649: 17961: 12840:

Oh, Sehun; DiNitto, Diana M.; Kim, Yeonwoo (1 January 2021). "Exiting poverty: a systematic review of U.S. postsecondary education and job skills training programs in the post-welfare reform era".

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Data shows substantial social segregation correlating with economic income groups. However, social connectedness to people of higher income levels is a strong predictor of upward income mobility.

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seaport 100 kilometres (60 mi) inland than to ship it from the United States to Africa because of sparse, low-quality roads, leading to fertilizer costs two to six times the world average.

18564: 7934:

Atkins, M.S.; McKay, M.; Talbott, E.; Arvantis, P. (1996). "DSM-IV diagnosis of conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder: Implications and guidelines for school mental health teams".

7871:

Atkins, M.S.; McKay, M.; Talbott, E.; Arvantis, P. (1996). "DSM-IV diagnosis of conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder: Implications and guidelines for school mental health teams".

960:, in particular among children from impoverished families who often reside in substandard housing and find educational opportunities out of reach. It has been argued by some academics that the 18629: 17981: 16486: 15901: 14072: 8121: 5138: 10952: 4104:""The Bank uses an updated international poverty line of US $ 1.90 a day, which incorporates new information on differences in the cost of living across countries (the PPP exchange rates)."" 18971: 13031: 9450:"Ahmady, Kameel. Feminization of Poverty- The Cause and Consequence of Early Childhood Marriages in Iran, Swift Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, March 2018 Vol. 4(1), pp. 001-010" 5106: 2927:

on a non-commercial basis. They are often established and owned by governments to finance projects that would otherwise not be able to get financing from commercial lenders. These include

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accounts for over three quarters of global poverty reduction from 1990 to 2005, which according to the World Bank is "historically unprecedented". China accounted for nearly half of all

851:, allowed them to eliminate secondary poverty and accumulate capital. Factors that contribute to secondary poverty includes but are not limited to: alcohol, gambling, tobacco and drugs. 19184: 19016: 18407: 14102: 12509: 10827: 5650: 939:. According to the World Bank, between 1990 and 2015, the percentage of the world's population living in extreme poverty fell from 37.1% to 9.6%, falling below 10% for the first time. 14134: 11473: 6583: 6408: 6051: 4369: 3336:

value voluntary poverty; some even take a vow of poverty, similar to that of the traditional Catholic orders, in order to live a more complete life of discipleship. Another example is

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level and equal access to economic resources must be ensured. Strategies have to be developed at the national, regional and international levels to support the eradication of poverty.

1655:. Slum-dwellers, who make up a third of the world's urban population, live in a poverty no better, if not worse, than rural people, who are the traditional focus of the poverty in the 18477: 4429: 8442: 19692: 19551: 18579: 9699: 6186: 5359: 3595: 855:

means that the poor typically spend about 2% of their income educating their children but larger percentages of alcohol and tobacco (for example, 6% in Indonesia and 8% in Mexico).

5829: 18497: 18342: 2035:, which are taxes on employees and employers and reducing this provides workers greater take-home pay and allows employers to spend more on wages and salaries, and increasing the 18619: 13501: 5989: 19204: 18569: 18232: 16396: 15871: 3468: 873: 397: 13333: 10497: 4509: 19702: 19647: 19452: 19229: 18806: 17996: 9271: 2076:, pesticides, new seed varieties and new irrigation methods have dramatically reduced food shortages in modern times by boosting yields past previous constraints. Before the 1648:

income and services, while studies suggest poor residents living in gentrifying neighbourhoods are actually less likely to move than poor residents of non-gentrifying areas.

19662: 19642: 19614: 19052: 18279: 18275: 5269: 4209: 903:

According to another study, the number of people worldwide estimated to be starving fell from almost 920 million in 1971 to below 797 million in 1997. The proportion of the

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demographic data show that even the poorest extended families usually take in children whose parents have died. Many child advocates maintain that this can harm children's

19581: 19467: 19419: 19316: 19311: 19011: 18672: 11723:, 1/15/1968 – April 18, 1969 folder, General Correspondence Series, Papers of John Kenneth Galbraith, John F. Kennedy Presidential Library. Cited in: Jyotsna Sreenivasan, 9634: 9301: 14163: 7993: 4078: 2745:

provides children from low-income families who may not otherwise have the financial resources with better job prospects and higher earnings and promotes social mobility.

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go to those already employed and this has shown to have little effect on those at the lowest income levels. Proponents argue that a basic income is more efficient than a

19682: 19637: 18634: 12171: 3283: 1855:

are more than twice as likely to live in poverty as adults. Women are the group suffering from the highest rate of poverty after children, in what is referred to as the

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and minorities frequently bearing unequal burdens of poverty. Moreover, impoverished individuals are more vulnerable to the effects of other social issues, such as the

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Most economic historians believe that throughout most of human history, extreme poverty was the norm for roughly 90% of the population, and only with the emergence of

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institutions that organize those relationships...poverty is importantly the result of the different terms and conditions on which people are included in social life".

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and other international policy programs, such as the international recovery from COVID-19, emphasize the connection of poverty alleviation with other societal goals.

19429: 18966: 18639: 18271: 18136: 17941: 5764: 13892:"Quantifying national responsibility for climate breakdown: an equality-based attribution approach for carbon dioxide emissions in excess of the planetary boundary" 9722: 8486:

Giné Garriga, Ricard; Pérez Foguet, Agustí (1 March 2013). "Unravelling the Linkages Between Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Rural Poverty: The WASH Poverty Index".

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The effects of poverty may also be causes as listed above, thus creating a "poverty cycle" operating across multiple levels, individual, local, national and global.

18609: 18482: 18417: 18352: 18151: 18041: 17971: 12449: 2415:. According to United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), those who receive better education can earn money for their lives, thereby strengthening economic security. 13448: 12095: 10247: 9218: 6572:

The data can be replicated using World Bank 2007 Human Development Indicator regional tables, and using the default poverty line of $ 32.74 per month at 1993 PPP.

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only for a Western aid worker in Ethiopia is enough to pay the salaries of four or five local NGO workers, for example. Bilateral government aid programs such as

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in 2017, which amounted to $ 762 billion, were enough to end extreme global poverty seven times over. Methods to reduce inequality and relative poverty include

19457: 19281: 18589: 18086: 12626: 9820: 9602: 6438: 5895: 4620: 3075:. In Rajan's view the main cause of the increasing gap between high income and low income earners was lack of equal access to higher education for the latter. 11306: 20109: 19546: 19477: 19462: 19409: 19361: 19356: 19006: 18891: 18544: 18492: 18402: 18357: 18006: 17986: 17951: 17936: 16938: 11135: 10530: 6829: 4006: 2753:

programs that target training in technical skills in specific industries or occupations that are in high demand can reduce poverty and wealth concentration.

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Government revenue can be diverted away from basic services by corruption. Funds from aid and natural resources are often sent by government individuals for

2003:

Various poverty reduction strategies are broadly categorized based on whether they make more of the basic human needs available or whether they increase the

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spent 40% of its total budget to repay foreign debt, and only 7% for basic state services in 1997. One of the proposed ways to help poor countries has been

19697: 19596: 19249: 19244: 19219: 19214: 19209: 19194: 19179: 19174: 19164: 19154: 19149: 18896: 18761: 18559: 18554: 18422: 18258: 18249: 18240: 18171: 18141: 18126: 18091: 18056: 18051: 18001: 17946: 10552: 8709:

The challenge of reducing non-revenue water (NRW) in developing countries. How the private sector can help: A look at performance-based service contracting

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Infectious diseases continue to blight the lives of the poor across the world. 36.8 million people are living with HIV/AIDS, with 954,492 deaths in 2017.

19672: 19591: 19472: 19414: 19371: 19351: 19341: 19301: 19271: 19026: 18926: 18861: 18841: 18776: 18771: 18432: 18362: 18181: 18116: 18071: 18031: 17926: 16580: 10107: 5938: 5675: 742:

has decreased in every developing region of the world. The proportion of the world's population living in countries where the daily per-capita supply of

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Black, Maureen M; Walker, Susan P; Fernald, Lia C; Andersen, Christopher T; DiGirolamo, Ann M; Lu, Chunling; Grantham-McGregor, Sally (7 January 2017).

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diagnoses a problem with the traditional approach to poverty reduction, whose advocates he calls "Planners." He notes that $ 2.3 trillion were spent on

2768:. Paying for school meals is argued to be an efficient strategy in increasing school enrollment, reducing absenteeism and increasing student attention. 1912:. In some developing countries, child marriage is considered an economic measure that can improve the family’s poor condition, strengthen family bonds. 19586: 19576: 19566: 19556: 19366: 19067: 18946: 18921: 18549: 18236: 18156: 18061: 18026: 17931: 14343: 11967: 11882: 1342:

can perpetuate poverty by diverting health and economic resources from investment and productivity; malaria decreases GDP growth by up to 1.3% in some

134:

is a state or condition in which an individual lacks the financial resources and essentials for a certain standard of living. Poverty can have diverse

10656: 6609: 4503:"Measuring child poverty: New league tables of child poverty in the world's rich countries – UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre Report Card – number 10" 19667: 19619: 19541: 18906: 18871: 18826: 18166: 18076: 17966: 14986: 5128: 3749: 3219:

suffer 99% of the casualties attributable to climate change. This unfair distribution of environmental burdens and benefits has generated the global

918:

In 2012 it was estimated that, using a poverty line of $ 1.25 a day, 1.2 billion people lived in poverty. Given the current economic model, built on

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Contains a wealth of data on income inequality and poverty, and hundreds of its sponsored research papers using this data (archived 4 December 2005)

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with the poor. Benedict XVI considered that such solidarity is a necessary condition to fight effectively to eradicate the non-voluntary poverty.

17976: 15223: 9760: 6984: 4235: 14629:(Palgrave Macmillan; 2010) 292 pages; scholarly studies of rural and urban poor, as well as vagrants, unmarried mothers, and almshouse dwellers. 11936: 11022: 10687: 10471: 7660: 1244:

Life expectancy has been increasing and converging for most of the world. Sub-Saharan Africa has recently seen a decline, partly related to the

10134: 9143: 4335: 2888:, which were goals set in 2000 and were meant to be achieved by 2015. Most targets are to be achieved by 2030, although some have no end date. 2108:

of 2% in the 1930s, higher than any nation today, but reduced it to 0.5–0.6% in the 1950s and to 0.6% in 2006 while spending less each year on

1671:

by separating them from their families and that it would be more effective and cheaper to aid close relatives who want to take in the orphans.

831:

Secondary poverty refers to those that earn enough income to not be impoverished, but who spend their income on unnecessary pleasures, such as

14754:, vol. 338, no. 2029 (June 2019), pp. 25–33. "To bring up the subject of providing a better life is to lean too far left, to flirt with 14110: 13185:"SDG Indicators - Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goals and targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development" 12655: 12501: 10819: 8716: 5625: 4709:

Human development report: Capacity development: Empowering people and institutions (Report). Geneva: United Nations Development Program. 2008.

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average, at least twice as effective in benefiting the poorest half of a country's population as growth generated in nonagricultural sectors.

1774:

is also sometimes used in the context of developed countries to mean an inability to afford energy in the home. This concept is also known as

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Banerjee, Abhijit & Esther Duflo, Poor Economics: A Radical Rethinking of the Way to Fight Global Poverty (New York: PublicAffairs, 2011)

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Britto, Pia R; Lye, Stephen J; Proulx, Kerrie; Yousafzai, Aisha K; Matthews, Stephen G; Vaivada, Tyler; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A (7 January 2017).

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Danziger, Sheldon H. & Weinberg, Daniel H. "The Historical Record: Trends in Family Income, Inequality, and Poverty." pp. 18–50 in

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The cause of poverty is a highly ideologically charged subject, as different causes point to different remedies. Very broadly speaking, the

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and former chief economist at the International Monetary Fund, has blamed the ever-widening gulf between the rich and the poor, especially

1502:

families are 2.4 times more likely to drop out than middle-income kids, and over 10 times more likely than high-income peers to drop out."

987:

In the early 1990s some of the transition economies of Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia experienced a sharp drop in income. The

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Wilson, William J. 1987. The Truly Disadvantaged: The Inner City, the Underclass, and Public Policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

5457: 3587: 3151:, while advocating for socialism, recognized that the capitalist system developing around them had improved people's material conditions. 1619:. Aiding relatives financially unable to but willing to take in orphans is found to be more effective by cost and welfare than orphanages. 17666: 17541: 12214: 10050: 8636: 8446: 7576: 7386: 6090: 5821: 3036:

have received extensive funding, and proponents of neoliberalism have been able to apply their ideas in highly indebted countries in the

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affords low-income families and first-time homebuyers with more and less expensive shelter opportunities, reducing economic inequality.

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billion in the last 25 years. As per the report published by the world bank on 19 September 2018 world poverty falls below 750 million.

19783: 17551: 16049: 14141: 13967: 13493: 12602: 7204: 4834: 3852: 14218: 10991: 10493: 10160: 10078: 9067: 2497:

and another 1,200 economists signed a document calling for the US Congress to introduce a system of income guarantees. Winners of the

1457:

The research found that stressors such as low income, inadequate health care, discrimination, and exposure to criminal activities all

17809: 14977:

Associated with the United Nations, the World Food Program compiles hundreds of reports on hunger and food security around the world.

11504: 11199: 3131:, and have their labor power "appropriated by a ruling class or an external imperial power," thereby maintaining extreme inequality. 13471: 12787: 12540: 11281: 11177: 9275: 6551: 2080:, poverty had been mostly accepted as inevitable as economies produced little, making wealth scarce. Geoffrey Parker wrote that "In 19958: 18332: 18317: 16707: 16188: 16023: 15668: 14953:

Hundreds of free reports related to economic development and standards of living in countries around the world, such as the annual

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Solley, Bobbie A. (2005). When Poverty's Children Write: Celebrating Strengths, Transforming Lives. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, Inc.

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Those in poverty place more importance on having a safe place to save money than on receiving loans. Additionally, a large part of

1565:. Exceptions in the opposite direction are observed in countries with pastoralist economies that rely on boys' labour, such as the 15009: 10898: 6774: 5705: 5276: 4608:

A League Table of Child Poverty in Rich Nations – Innocenti Report Card No.1 (Report). Florence: UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre.

3554: 20038: 19510: 18996: 17658: 17596: 13094: 12236: 12007: 10270: 9624: 8250: 5039: 3047:

The existence of inequality is in part due to a set of self-reinforcing behaviors that all together constitute one aspect of the

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because the multiple private creditors involved say they have a fiduciary obligation to their clients such as the pension funds.

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any strategy by India to haul its massive population out of poverty must necessarily include measures to provide UHC nationwide.

2215:

report asked for more action from Western banks as they have proved capable of stanching the flow of funds linked to terrorism.

907:'s population living in extreme economic poverty fell from 28% in 1990 to 21% in 2001. Most of this improvement has occurred in 19128: 17898: 17638: 16969: 16615: 16380: 15195: 10338: 9983:

Functional Distribution of Income, Inequality and the Incidence of Poverty: Stylized Facts and the Role of Macroeconomic Policy

8472: 7778: 4748:"How Poverty Differs From Inequality, On Poverty Management in an Enlarged EU Context: Conventional and Alternative Approaches" 4039: 3463: 3064: 2954: 12427: 3887: 469: 17633: 16584: 16076: 14791: 14770: 14740: 14709: 14600: 14551: 14524: 14472: 14437: 14379: 14194: 14048: 13783: 13732: 13616: 13277: 12694: 12411: 12366: 12314: 12208: 11845: 11820: 11792: 11760: 10587: 10308: 10120: 9917: 9510: 9040: 8759: 8675: 8556: 8311: 8157: 7350: 7012:"Empirical audit and review and an assessment of evidentiary value in research on the psychological consequences of scarcity" 6805: 6708: 6475: 6388: 6345: 6302: 6228: 6084: 6023: 5969: 5932: 5644: 5194: 5169: 5076: 4810: 3950: 3924: 3828: 3726: 3667: 3513: 3317: 3169: 2969:, mandating that a receiving nation spend on products and expertise originating only from the donor country. US law requires 2771:

Desirable actions such as enrolling children in school or receiving vaccinations can be encouraged by a form of aid known as

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could allow, even in areas without internet access, digital transactions with little or no cost using simple feature phones.

1410: 936: 932: 927: 13859:

CREED Working Paper Series No 8 International Institute for Environment and Development, London. Retrieved on June 27, 2016"

11727: 11226:"Indian health service innovations have helped reduce health disparities affecting american Indian and alaska native people" 9389: 7129: 6146: 75: 18723: 17643: 16101: 15647: 13001: 12475: 12284: 11618: 10767: 9332: 8074: 7801: 5728:"World Bank Forecasts Global Poverty to Fall Below 10% for First Time; Major Hurdles Remain in Goal to End Poverty by 2030" 2928: 13653:"Capitalism and extreme poverty: A global analysis of real wages, human height, and mortality since the long 16th century" 7545: 6859: 5753: 4232:"New Progress in Development-oriented Poverty Reduction Program for Rural China (1,274 yuan per year = US$ 0.55 per day)" 738:

has greatly increased in the developing world since World War II and is starting to close the gap to the developed world.

19953: 17676: 14999: 14983:

Documentary films about poverty broadcast on television around the world in November 2012, then will be available online.

9581: 5852: 5602: 5066: 3488: 3008: 13698: 12453: 12085: 11557: 10239: 3628: 2039:, which is the proportion of business income paid as wages and salaries instead of allocated to shareholders as profit. 1536:

in poorer countries with low completion rates and social expectations that they marry early, and to the disadvantage of

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Osberg, Lars; Xu, Kuan. "International Comparisons of Poverty Intensity: index decomposition and bootstrap inference".

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Noted reductions in poverty in recent decades has occurred in China and India mostly as a result of the abandonment of

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and be more cost effective without having to physically send money and without needing an intermediary such as a bank.

2052: 14917: 13934: 13891: 12967: 4684: 17788: 17671: 17514: 15713: 15051: 14302:"Inequality and Poverty – OECD". Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Retrieved 23 February 2023. 14261: 13553:"Inequality in democracy: Insights from an empirical analysis of political dynasties in the 15th Philippine Congress" 8966: 8765: 6430: 6308: 3211: 495: 13865: 12623: 11875:"Interview with James Tobin – The Region – Publications & Papers | The Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis" 9088:

Filmer, D. (2008), "Disability, poverty, and schooling in developing countries: results from 14 household surveys",

8420: 5885: 5334: 20053: 19793: 19728: 17536: 16435: 14495: 13441:"'Friending Bias' / A large new study offers clues about how lower-income children can rise up the economic ladder" 11361: 11303: 9666: 2306: 12340: 12146: 10522: 6881: 6821: 1314:

are the single gravest threats to the world's public health and malnutrition is by far the biggest contributor to

20195: 19963: 16562: 16479: 16297: 15894: 15875: 9241: 8352: 13749: 10212: 8595: 8041: 5214: 2360:

problem include compulsory government service for graduates of public medical and nursing schools and promoting

817:) this has been criticised by anti-poverty campaigners as an unrealistic view of poverty in the United Kingdom. 20292: 20159: 17526: 16368: 16362: 16096: 15627: 15190: 15024: 15004: 14353: 13311: 7957:; Wewers, S.; Harm, D.M.; Fick, A.C. (1993). "Chronic community violence: What is happening to our children?". 6661: 6508: 3032:

school of thought holds that creating conditions for profitable private investment is the solution. Neoliberal

2889: 2356:'s successful distribution system are used to disseminate basic needs to remote areas for below market prices. 2100:

Other than technology, advancements in sciences such as medicine help provide basic needs better. For example,

1996: 1458: 1450: 1398:, Sub-Saharan Africa had the highest child malnutrition rate of the world's regions over the 2001–2006 period. 754:

An early morning outside the Opera Tavern in Stockholm, with beggars waiting for scraps from the previous day.

383: 223: 12931: 5918: 19943: 19773: 19391: 17819: 17591: 17586: 17070: 16323: 16292: 15470: 15139: 14516: 11910: 11874: 11045: 9484: 8943: 7686: 7511: 3388: 3102:

in the 19th century were the masses of people lifted out of it. This narrative is advanced by, among others,

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said they had witnessed a serious assault, and 33% reported witnessing a homicide. 51% of fifth graders from

1434: 973: 926:

estimates half the world's children (or 1.1 billion) live in poverty. The World Bank forecasted in 2015 that

278: 11974: 11641: 3659: 2461:

ensures that every citizen will be able to purchase a desired level of basic needs. One method is through a

20058: 19983: 19938: 18502: 18310: 17814: 17648: 17613: 17564: 17288: 16219: 15706: 15572: 15155: 14828: 8342:

Moss, Jeremiah. 24 July 2018. Vanishing New York: How a Great City Lost Its Soul. HarperCollins Publishers.

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to banks and governments from richer countries can constrain government spending on the poor. For example,

1963: 1879: 988: 13255: 10646: 10389: 6736: 4567:; Chzhen, Yekaterina; Main, Gill; Martorano, Bruno; Menchini, Leonardo; Chris de Neubourg (January 2012). 20209: 20154: 19721: 19571: 19503: 17768: 17758: 17625: 16833: 16536: 16531: 16526: 15785: 15129: 14728: 13657: 12764: 12125: 10099: 9766: 7739: 7630: 6337: 4747: 3681:

B. Milanovic, Global Inequality: A New Approach for the Age of Globalization (Harvard Univ. Press, 2016).

3051:. These behaviors, in addition to unfavorable, external circumstances, also explain the existence of the 3041: 2272: 1779: 1491: 1474: 965: 878: 270: 14923: 14450:

edited by Sheldon H. Danziger, Gary D. Sandefur, and Daniel. H. Weinberg. Russell Sage Foundation. 1994.

13525:

Fault Lines: How Hidden Fractures Still Threaten the World Economy by Raghuram G. Rajan (2012) Paperback

13223: 11785:

Law, Legislation and Liberty: A New Statement of the Liberal Principles of Justice and Political Economy

10610: 8795:"A global perspective on domestic energy deprivation: Overcoming the energy poverty–fuel poverty binary" 6217:

The Great Leveler: Violence and the History of Inequality from the Stone Age to the Twenty-First Century

4949:

Kenny, Charles (2005). "Why Are We Worried About Income? Nearly Everything that Matters is Converging".

19925: 19818: 19121: 18916: 17891: 17748: 17087: 16608: 16557: 16541: 16502: 16385: 16234: 16214: 15170: 15099: 13828: 13118:

The White Man's Burden: Why the West's Efforts to Aid the Rest Have Done So Much Ill and So Little Good

11642:"Effective Policy for Reducing Inequality? The Earned Income Tax Credit and the Distribution of Income" 10716: 9202:

Social Stratification and Inequality: Class Conflict in Historical, Comparative, and Global Perspective

8028: 7599: 6911: 6467: 6331: 6220: 4720: 3197: 3091: 2989: 2294: 1818: 1761: 814: 250: 13132: 12717: 11683: 11014: 10679: 10442: 8794: 6988: 4231: 1831:

Cultural factors, such as discrimination of various kinds, can negatively affect productivity such as

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Chetty, Raj; Jackson, Matthew O.; Kuchler, Theresa; Stroebel, Johannes; et al. (1 August 2022).

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wealth tax ... income could be used to set up a restitution fund to help alleviate the worst poverty.

8991: 5295:"The Developing World Is Poorer Than We Thought, But No Less Successful in the Fight against Poverty" 5237: 3458: 3443: 3235: 2772: 2738: 2689:

because it is often not profitable to open bank accounts for the poor. One altervative option is the

2622: 2458: 2433: 1809:, or both, making it difficult to find the financial resources they need to invest in their futures. 1303: 1255: 585: 364: 17: 15000:

Contains estimates on the number of people living in poverty in selected countries from 1973 to 1985

14324:

Global education monitoring report 2019: gender report: Building bridges for gender equality

13993: 12121: 10131: 7100: 3359:

referred to "the spirit of poverty" as a fundamental characteristic of a Christian life, while Pope

154:

causes and effects. When evaluating poverty in statistics or economics there are two main measures:

55: 20216: 20129: 20114: 19988: 18738: 18716: 18689: 17718: 17708: 17065: 16877: 16313: 16240: 16224: 15175: 15160: 12663: 11443: 10921: 9582:"Public transport, well-being and inequality: coverage and affordability in the city of Montevideo" 9027:, Sustainable Development Goals Series, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 115–127, 8707: 4180: 3453: 3448: 3072: 3025: 2498: 1827:

The urban poor buy water from water vendors for, on average, about 5 to 16 times the metered price.

35: 12563: 11580: 9096: 8662: 7413:

Dastidar, Biswanath Ghosh; Suri, Shailesh; Nagaraja, Vikranth H.; Jani, Anant (16 November 2022).

5444: 4857: 2031:, which involve taxing a portion of an individual's net worth above a certain threshold, reducing 1405:

on food than wealthy people and, as a result, they can be particularly vulnerable to increases in

333:. It includes low incomes and the inability to acquire the basic goods and services necessary for 20018: 19768: 18931: 18886: 18303: 18146: 17865: 17763: 17698: 16419: 16356: 15803: 15258: 14805: 14392: 11751:

Standing, Guy (2005). "1. About Time: Basic Income Security As A Right". In Standing, Guy (ed.).

11331: 11082: 10360: 9477: 8382: 8193: 7303: 6372: 6151: 4917: 3498: 2218: 2105: 1967: 1890:

According to experts, many women become victims of trafficking, the most common form of which is

1856: 1745:, use of dirty or polluting fuels, and excessive time spent collecting fuel to meet basic needs. 805: 637: 457: 445: 230: 198: 135: 14906: 14902: 14313: 12059: 10853: 10737: 2121:

and promoting hand washing are some of the most cost effective health interventions and can cut

218:

in urban areas. The international policy frameworks for poverty alleviation, established by the

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Theories of Poverty and Underemployment: Orthodox, Radical, and Dual Labor Market Perspectives.

14464: 13552: 13133:"Global governance by goal-setting: the novel approach of the UN Sustainable Development Goals" 12200:

Trade, Investment, and Development in the Middle East and North Africa: Engaging With the World

10046: 9883: 9433: 8632: 7568: 7095: 6030:

By any measure, the speed and scale of China's poverty reduction is historically unprecedented.

5439: 5424: 5327:"Fighting poverty in emerging markets – the gloves go on; Lessons from Brazil, China and India" 4976: 4258: 3518: 3438: 3423: 3067:, to be one of the main fault lines which caused the financial institutions to pump money into 2532:

Income grants are argued to be vastly more efficient in extending basic needs to the poor than

2494: 2385: 1904: 1860: 1327: 1277: 922:, it would take 100 years to bring the world's poorest up to the poverty line of $ 1.25 a day. 919: 234: 14912:

Data visualizations of the long-run development of poverty and list of data sources on poverty

12718:"Long-Term Cognitive and Academic Effects of Early Childhood Education on Children in Poverty" 12198: 8299: 6941:

Sachs, Jeffrey; Malaney, Pia (3 September 2010). "The economic and social burden of malaria".

6074: 6016:

Four Decades of Poverty Reduction in China: Drivers, Insights for the World, and the Way Ahead

3916: 632: 20202: 20164: 19169: 19114: 18951: 18796: 18766: 18756: 18392: 18066: 17884: 17778: 17753: 17743: 17733: 17728: 17581: 16649: 16601: 15693: 15652: 15319: 15299: 15044: 14715: 13053: 12594: 11863:, James Tobin, Joseph A. Pechman, and Peter M. Mieszkowski, Yale Law Journal 77 (1967): 1–27. 10983: 10182: 10104: 8715:. Water supply and sanitation board discussion paper series. Washington, DC: The World Bank. 6461: 6294: 4621:"Poverty, Human Development, and Health in Canada: Research, Practice, and Advocacy Dilemmas" 4568: 3398: 3329: 3258: 3220: 3189: 3060: 2916: 2690: 2276: 2150: 2077: 599: 246: 211: 31: 14932:

Contains reports on economic development as well as relations between rich and poor nations.

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Accommodating Poverty: The Housing and Living Arrangements of the English Poor, c. 1600–1850

13956: 13551:

Mendoza, Ronald U.; Beja, Edsel L. Jr.; Venida, Victor S.; Yap, David B. (1 December 2012).

10953:"If Coca-Cola can be Delivered All Over the Developing World, Why Can't Essential Medicine?" 10152: 9478:

Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

9460: 9436:(A Comprehensive Research Study on Early Child Marriage (ECM) in Iran). Nova publishing, USA 8149:

Global education monitoring report 2019: gender report: Building bridges for gender equality

5490:

Economic Inequality and Poverty International Perspectives Edited by Lars Osberg, 2017, P.71

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in five decades, yet twelve-cent medicines were not able to be given to children to prevent

2554:

are argued to be an efficient tool in direct cash transfers to the poor as it can reach the

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USAID is the primary US government agency with the mission for aid to developing countries.

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Behind the Development Banks: Washington Politics, World Poverty, and the Wealth of Nations

13402: 13140: 12884: 11370: 11314: 10072: 9539: 9063: 8878: 8806: 8495: 8027:

Huston, A. C. (1991). Children in Poverty: Child Development and Public Policy. Cambridge:

7994:"The remarkable thing that happens to poor kids when you give their parents a little money" 7087: 7023: 5890: 3413: 3408: 3321: 3278: 3216: 2924: 2750: 2482: 2399: 2342: 2196: 2162: 2114: 2024: 1991: 1870: 1823: 1753: 1632: 1540:

in richer countries with high completion rates but social expectations that they enter the

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Scaling up SDGs Implementation: Emerging Cases from State, Development and Private Sectors

8235:

Bratt, Rachel G. (Editor), Stone, Michael E. (Editor), Hartman, Chester (Editor). 2006.

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poverty has increased, with more today living in abject poverty than before neoliberalism.

2316: 2141:

was ranked the most cost effective aid strategy by the Copenhagen Consensus. For example,

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is the term used to refer to influencing poorer nations in the name of environmentalism.

3242:

conclude that the global poor may be the most important force for sustainability. A 2013

3128: 3021: 2714: 2466: 2338: 2226: 2170: 2073: 1426: 1395: 1331: 1273: 886:

According to Chen and Ravallion, about 1.76 billion people in the developing world lived

840: 616: 516: 207: 14531: 14409:

Betson, David M. & Warlick, Jennifer L. "Alternative Historical Trends in Poverty."

13406: 13144: 12037: 11416: 11374: 10890: 9543: 8882: 8867:"A critical review of modern approaches for multidimensional energy poverty measurement" 8810: 8499: 7716: 7091: 7027: 6503: 6247:(2001). "Premature Deaths: Russia's Radical Economic Transition in Soviet Perspective". 4156: 2760:

children, which costs about 50 cents per child per year and reduces non-attendance from

1394:

It is estimated that 1.02 billion people go to bed hungry every night. According to the

1029: 393: 20144: 20104: 20089: 20043: 20008: 19978: 19763: 19744: 19386: 19336: 19296: 19234: 19159: 18981: 18876: 18751: 18507: 18447: 18412: 18367: 18111: 18101: 17921: 17380: 17362: 17357: 17345: 17179: 16998: 16978: 16948: 16730: 16702: 16329: 16133: 16003: 15978: 15683: 15577: 15552: 15512: 15465: 15450: 15435: 15420: 15389: 15344: 15294: 15253: 15243: 15218: 14745: 14720: 14403: 14021: 13676: 13583: 13423: 13390: 12948: 12940: 12912: 12865: 12033: 11664: 11549: 11394: 11255: 9962: 9861: 9046: 9004: 8529: 8273: 7916: 7460: 7447: 7414: 7232: 7180: 7155: 7121: 7046: 7011: 6966: 6525: 6506:(2015). "After the Wall Fell: The Poor Balance Sheet of the Transition to Capitalism". 6266: 5701: 4471: 4286: 4070: 3910: 3562: 3292: 3083: 3079: 3068: 2590: 2369: 2364:

so that health care personnel have more incentive to practice in their home countries.

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in some countries. Threats to the supply of food may also be caused by drought and the

1370: 1343: 832: 793: 773: 734:

Rather than income, poverty is also measured through individual basic needs at a time.

432:, which is defined as an income needed to purchase basic needs, is also referred to as 314: 173: 15019: 14666:

Paugam, Serge. "Poverty and Social Exclusion: a sociological view." pp. 41–62 in

13086: 12240: 11999: 11699: 9821:"Reducing wealth inequality through wealth taxes without compromising economic growth" 9690:"Billionaires Made So Much Money Last Year They Could End Extreme Poverty Seven Times" 7220: 7171: 6766: 5162:

Poverty in the United Kingdom: A Survey of Household Resources and Standards of Living

5043: 4923:. UNICEF, World Health Organization, The World Bank and UN Population Division. 2011. 3202: 3020:

tradition locates the roots of poverty in problems of distribution and the use of the

2394: 20181: 20033: 20028: 19904: 19869: 19844: 19758: 19381: 19326: 19321: 19239: 19224: 19199: 19091: 18961: 18831: 18791: 18462: 18452: 18377: 18372: 18176: 17907: 17385: 17303: 17040: 16993: 16931: 16760: 16374: 16245: 16183: 16168: 16158: 15886: 15688: 15557: 15522: 15517: 15460: 15445: 15440: 15425: 15415: 15410: 15334: 15314: 15268: 15180: 15134: 15074: 14787: 14766: 14736: 14705: 14687: 14614: 14606: 14596: 14547: 14520: 14468: 14433: 14375: 14322: 14200: 14190: 14054: 14044: 14025: 14013: 13992:

Martinez-Alier, Joan; Temper, Leah; Del Bene, Daniela; Scheidel, Arnim (3 May 2016).

13924: 13779: 13728: 13680: 13587: 13575: 13428: 13209: 13166: 12916: 12904: 12869: 12857: 12745: 12737: 12428:"Who owns what? Enforceable property rights are still far too rare in poor countries" 12407: 12204: 11968:"More for the Poor and Less for and by the State: The Case for Direct Cash Transfers" 11841: 11816: 11788: 11756: 11703: 11668: 11553: 11398: 11386: 11345: 11247: 11143: 10984:"Clever Packaging: Essential Medicine Rides Coke's Distribution Into Remote Villages" 10651: 10615: 10583: 10434: 10116: 10028: 9954: 9928: 9853: 9734: 9555: 9506: 9371: 9118: 9050: 9036: 9008: 8996: 8982: 8896: 8822: 8755: 8671: 8562: 8552: 8533: 8521: 8307: 8277: 8153: 8147: 7974: 7908: 7853: 7849: 7740:"Global food crisis looms as climate change and population growth strip fertile land" 7680: 7481: 7464: 7452: 7434: 7364: 7356: 7346: 7285: 7224: 7185: 7113: 7078: 7051: 6958: 6801: 6704: 6529: 6471: 6384: 6341: 6298: 6270: 6244: 6224: 6156: 6080: 6019: 5965: 5928: 5640: 5626:

Global Monitoring Report 2015/2016: Development Goals in an Era of Demographic Change

5190: 5165: 5072: 4887: 4879: 4806: 4632: 4575: 4564: 4290: 4278: 4062: 3920: 3824: 3808: 3722: 3692: 3663: 3623: 3503: 3254: 3250: 3231: 3139: 3099: 3003: 2261: 2146: 2012: 2004: 1957: 1921: 1806: 1792: 1684: 1668: 1545: 1510: 1430: 1418: 952: 826: 578: 379: 373: 238: 14674:

Philippou, Lambros (2010). "Public Space, Enlarged Mentality and Being-In-Poverty".

11382: 11259: 10330: 7920: 7770: 7236: 4074: 2485:, as the minimum wage effectively imposes a high marginal tax on employers, causing 20282: 20223: 19874: 19864: 19803: 19291: 19261: 18986: 18901: 18836: 18811: 18801: 18786: 18437: 18382: 18106: 18046: 18016: 17991: 17829: 17703: 17603: 17433: 17241: 17131: 17082: 17055: 16808: 16803: 16656: 16229: 16008: 15775: 15673: 15542: 15430: 15394: 15364: 15339: 15324: 15309: 15248: 15238: 15228: 15165: 15114: 15037: 14884: 14852: 14683: 14642: 14588: 14273: 14005: 13671: 13666: 13652: 13567: 13418: 13410: 13156: 13148: 12923: 12896: 12849: 12729: 12399: 11695: 11656: 11541: 11378: 11237: 10020: 9694: 9547: 9406: 9367: 9363: 9028: 8986: 8978: 8919: 8886: 8814: 8511: 8503: 8265: 7970: 7966: 7947: 7943: 7900: 7884: 7880: 7845: 7442: 7426: 7338: 7275: 7216: 7175: 7167: 7125: 7105: 7041: 7031: 6950: 6517: 6376: 6258: 5632: 5449: 4962: 4958: 4869: 4858:"The Longevity Legacy of World War II: The Intersection of GI Status and Mortality" 4463: 4270: 4157:

The World's Most Deprived. Characteristics and Causes of Extreme Poverty and Hunger

4054: 3883: 3816: 3655: 3433: 3418: 3148: 3107: 3103: 3087: 3048: 2902: 2784: 2734: 2678: 2677:

loans are spent not on investments but on products that would usually be paid by a

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Homes without reliable access to energy such as electricity, heating, cooling, etc.

1699:

As of 2012, 2.5 billion people lack access to sanitation services and 15% practice

1656: 1624: 1549: 1358: 943: 904: 612: 607: 589: 533:, a common measure of inequality. The Gini coefficient is equal to the area marked 530: 474: 415: 254: 183: 178: 156: 14968:

Contains hundreds of reports which can be downloaded for free, such as the annual

14262:"Catholic social teaching and social solidarity in the context of social security" 14009: 12686: 12362: 12306: 10790:"World poverty rising as rich nations call in debt amid Covid, warns Gordon Brown" 10300: 9723:"Progressive taxation as a means to equality of condition and poverty alleviation" 7713:"The Earth Is Shrinking: Advancing Deserts and Rising Seas Squeezing Civilization" 6970: 6521: 4776: 4488:

Lipton, Michael (1986), 'Seasonality and ultra-poverty', Sussex, IDS Bulletin 17.3

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and Afghanistan, while India modified its subsidies in favor of direct transfers.

19993: 19968: 19788: 18821: 18472: 18397: 17574: 17266: 17077: 16823: 16813: 16516: 16287: 16178: 16148: 16091: 15849: 15808: 15678: 15642: 15617: 15567: 15532: 15109: 15084: 14879: 14646: 14580: 14574: 14538: 14499: 14488: 14454: 14399: 14347: 14138: 13571: 13152: 12630: 11808: 11780: 11731: 11724: 11545: 11349: 11310: 10720: 10579:

Bringing The Billions Back – How Africa And Europe Can End Illicit Capital Flight

10559: 10138: 10111: 9981: 9629: 9488: 9476:

United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017,

9103: 8269: 8048: 7280: 7263: 6333:

The Capital Order: How Economists Invented Austerity and Paved the Way to Fascism

6284: 6212: 5577: 4163: 3493: 3224: 3173: 2682: 2651:

Information and communication technologies for development help to fight poverty.

2514: 2506: 2486: 2470: 2437: 2412: 2389: 2361: 2321: 2122: 2109: 2093: 1971: 1951: 1931: 1700: 1663: 1590: 1445: 1315: 1299: 1286: 1021: 977: 957: 852: 789: 768: 750: 739: 735: 483: 425: 409: 334: 274: 262: 258: 14987:

Annual income of richest 100 people enough to end global poverty four times over

14633:

O'Connor, Alice (2000). "Poverty Research and Policy for the Post-Welfare Era".

12993: 12276: 11610: 11328:

Engendering Development – Through Gender Equality in Right, Resources and Voice.

10759: 10553:

Tax avoidance by corporations is out of control. The United Nations must step in

9324: 9032: 8549:

Assessing the impact of transport and energy infrastructure on poverty reduction

4393:"'We squandered a decade': world losing fight against poverty, says UN academic" 3071:—on political behest, as a palliative and not a remedy, for poverty—causing the 1505:

For children with low resources, the risk factors are similar to others such as

265:

worse; economic pressures on impoverished communities frequently play a part in

20149: 20139: 20124: 20094: 20068: 20013: 19859: 19823: 19778: 17531: 17475: 17314: 17271: 17199: 16943: 16914: 16839: 16793: 16735: 16692: 16282: 16198: 16163: 16153: 16143: 15988: 15818: 15813: 15798: 14941:(OPHI) Research to advance the human development approach to poverty reduction. 14592: 14584: 14041:

The environmentalism of the poor: a study of ecological conflicts and valuation

13699:"Bill Gates tweeted out a chart and sparked a huge debate about global poverty" 13414: 12853: 12635: 10271:"Benefits and costs of the health targets for the post-2015 development agenda" 8818: 7537: 7430: 7264:"The neuroscience of socioeconomic status: Correlates, causes and consequences" 7016:

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

6851: 5857: 4574:(Report). Innocenti Working Paper. Florence: UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre. 3820: 3325: 3210:

The poor tend to suffer most from environmental degradation caused by reckless

3193: 3135: 3056: 3052: 2765: 2742: 2730: 2694: 2663: 2501:, with often diverse political convictions, who support a basic income include 2490: 2279: 2212: 2178: 2089: 1909: 1757: 1737: 1717: 1644: 1598: 1414: 1402: 1322: 1025: 801: 785: 566: 353: 341: 320: 219: 13281: 12927: 11242: 11225: 9551: 8507: 6262: 5636: 5598: 5481:

Origins of the Organic Agriculture Debate By Thomas R. DeGregori, 2008, P.128

5453: 4683:. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). 2008. 4274: 2884:, which sought to create a future global development framework to succeed the 525: 197:

Statistically, as of 2019, most of the world's population live in poverty: in

20276: 20119: 20099: 20023: 19085: 17372: 17169: 16958: 16828: 16818: 16776: 16750: 16745: 16682: 16642: 16277: 16128: 16033: 16013: 15953: 15663: 15104: 14911: 14779: 14694: 14618: 14570: 14359: 14204: 14017: 13579: 13170: 12908: 12900: 12861: 12741: 11707: 11147: 11136:"What educated people from poor countries make of the "brain drain" argument" 10438: 10032: 9958: 9932: 9857: 9738: 9559: 9375: 9000: 8900: 8826: 8525: 7438: 7360: 7342: 6463:

From Triumph to Crisis: Neoliberal Economic Reform in Postcommunist Countries

6160: 5676:"World Bank Sees Progress Against Extreme Poverty, But Flags Vulnerabilities" 5501:"World Bank Group – International Development, Poverty, & Sustainability" 4883: 4579: 4282: 4066: 3845:"Poverty headcount ratio at $ 1.90 a day (2011 PPP) (% of population) | Data" 3618: 3508: 3270: 3123: 3111: 2667: 2577: 2538: 2518: 2352:

models such as door-to-door distributors who earn commission-based income or

2242: 2234: 2222: 2138: 1883: 1852: 1282: 1245: 1001: 993: 848: 836: 763: 570: 491: 441: 419: 266: 242: 215: 14058: 11581:"A new approach to aid: How a basic income program saved a Namibian village" 11529: 10424:"How Can Food Subsidies Work Better? Answers from India and the Philippines" 9945:

Brittain, John A. (1971). "The Incidence of Social Security Payroll Taxes".

9844:

Michalos, Alex C. (1988). "A Case for a Progressive Annual Net Wealth Tax".

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Komives, Kristin; Foster, Vivien; Halpern, Jonathan; Wodon, Quentin (2005).

8566: 7368: 7156:"Early childhood development coming of age: science through the life course" 7109: 7036: 4874: 4206:"World Bank's $ 1.25/day poverty measure – countering the latest criticisms" 3588:"Poverty | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization" 2647: 1999:

of the United Nations, to "end poverty in all its forms, everywhere" by 2030

1970:

to the section by replacing the section with a link and a summary or by

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Includes estimates on poverty in various European countries in the Eighties

14318: 14278: 13918: 13432: 12885:"Mechanism of vocational education promoting precision poverty alleviation" 12817:"The rich-poor divide on America's college campuses is getting wider, fast" 12733: 11528:

Davis, Benjamin; Gaarder, Marie; Handa, Sudhanshu; Yablonski, Jenn (2012).

11390: 11251: 8306:(Second ed.). Abingdon, Oxon: Taylor & Francis. pp. 389–395. 7986: 7857: 7456: 7289: 7228: 7189: 7117: 7055: 6962: 6614: 5582: 5566: 5526:"How Have the World's Poorest Fared Since the Early 1980s?" Table 3, p. 28" 5133: 5101: 4891: 4677: 4636: 4366:"Four Reasons to Question the Official 'Poverty Eradication' Story of 2015" 3523: 3360: 3356: 3165: 3118: 3037: 2920: 2746: 2674: 2670:

asserts that some 250,000 debt-ridden farmers have been driven to suicide.

2659: 2638: 2510: 2478: 2474: 2462: 2208: 2142: 2118: 2020: 1891: 1775: 1652: 1628: 1541: 1389: 1339: 1311: 1017: 429: 118: 110: 41:"Low income" redirects here. For the term regarding income assistance, see 18295: 15973: 14073:"Climate change could drive 122m more people into extreme poverty by 2030" 13334:"'A colonial mindset': why global aid agencies need to get out of the way" 13224:"2030 Development agenda: ILO Focus targets (The 2030 development agenda)" 12937:. If this is an intentional citation to a retracted paper, please replace 12749: 12403: 12196: 8916:

Evaluation of UNDP Contribution to Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment

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Mani, Anandi; Mullainathan, Sendhil; Shafir, Eldar; Zhao, Jiaying (2013).

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It will take 100 years for the world's poorest people to earn $ 1.25 a day

4454:

Sen, Amartya (March 1976). "Poverty: An Ordinal Approach to Measurement".

4259:"Poverty Measurement in the Presence of a 'Group-Affiliation' Externality" 4058: 3873:

UN declaration at World Summit on Social Development in Copenhagen in 1995

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in return for loans which are generally geared toward loan repayment with

1016:

In July 2023, a group of over 200 economists from 67 countries, including

968:

and the World Bank are actually exacerbating both inequality and poverty.

640:

categories in increments of 0.050 (based on 2019 data, published in 2020)

19973: 19798: 19095: 17569: 17400: 17390: 17340: 17322: 17233: 17194: 16988: 16899: 16882: 16471: 15948: 14811: 14797: 14701: 14156:"Meet the Bruderhof: Our exclusive peek inside a modern Christian utopia" 13854: 11895:

I would pursue my recommendations of years ago for a negative income tax.

10551:

José Antonio Ocampo and Magdalena Sepúlveda Carmona (30 September 2015).

10024: 9656: 8924: 8412: 7954: 6535:

back to the point where they were when the Wall fell for several decades.

6044:"China has almost wiped out urban poverty. Now it must tackle inequality" 5326: 3393: 2642: 2598: 2526: 2522: 2310: 2257: 2183: 2036: 2032: 1470: 1406: 948: 810: 781: 743: 593: 348:, in charge of coordinating, gathering, and disseminating member country 161: 14857: 14840: 14492: 13957:"Human Development Report 2007/2008: The 21st Century Climate Challenge" 9865: 6737:"The World Health Report, World Health Organization (See annex table 2)" 19849: 17415: 16755: 15998: 15983: 15943: 15607: 14823:

Poverty, Inequality and Income Distribution in Comparative Perspective.

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Poverty and Environmental Degradation: a Literature Review and Analysis

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Enlightenment now: The case for reason, science, humanism, and progress

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found to imprison patients and retain corpses for non-payment of fees.

2932: 2699: 2605: 2365: 2268: 2230: 2166: 2057: 2028: 1836: 1796: 1616: 1603: 1594: 1466: 1295: 1033: 961: 912: 620: 453: 401: 349: 326: 15698: 14947:

Tracks issues of government and corporate corruption around the world.

13087:"Latin America makes dent in poverty with 'conditional cash' programs" 13024:"Free school meals a recipe for success for young learners in Liberia" 12765:"A Strong Economic Case for Federal Investment in Universal Preschool" 12086:"India announces changes in subsidies, will hand out cash to its poor" 11079:"Philippine Medical Brain Drain Leaves Public Health System in Crisis" 8516: 7569:"Riots and hunger feared as demand for grain sends food costs soaring" 5917:

Haymes, Stephen; Vidal de Haymes, Maria; Miller, Reuben, eds. (2015).

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REPORT: Warmer world will keep millions of people trapped in poverty.

10820:"UK urged to take lead in easing debt crisis in developing countries" 10216: 9215:""Contempt for the poor in US drives cruel policies," says UN expert" 8967:"Locating credit and debt within an anti-poverty strategy for the UK" 8891: 8866: 8664:

Water, Electricity and the Poor: Who benefits from utility subsidies?

7600:"Already we have riots, hoarding, panic: the sign of things to come?" 7387:"Do Health Care Costs Fuel Economic Inequality in the United States?" 6889: 6798:

Transformation of an individual family community nation and the world

5924: 5210: 3428: 3301: 3288: 3274: 3144: 3017: 2757: 2655: 2533: 2353: 2283: 2238: 2130: 2101: 1866: 1409:. For example, in late 2007, increases in the price of grains led to 1005: 908: 895: 844: 777: 330: 151: 19106: 17876: 14889:

World Development Report 2004: Making Services Work For Poor People"

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Relative poverty views poverty as socially defined and dependent on

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The International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education

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Certain basic needs are argued to be better provided by the state.

2126: 2061: 1895: 1566: 1554: 345: 186:, compared to others in the same time and place. The definition of 169: 147: 102: 18701: 14610: 14416:

Brady, David "Rethinking the Sociological Measurement of Poverty"

13241: 11444:"World Bank report puts agriculture at core of antipoverty effort" 11200:"Medicaid reform improves access to healthcare for Alaska Natives" 9481: 8939: 8840: 6369:

Taking Stock of Shock: Social Consequences of the 1989 Revolutions

5791:"World's 26 richest people own as much as poorest 50%, says Oxfam" 4336:"Bill Gates says poverty is decreasing. He couldn't be more wrong" 2309:

to pay an American speculator $ 100 million in 2010. Now, the UK,

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Contains estimates on trends in global extreme poverty since 1820

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Biermann, Frank; Kanie, Norichika; Kim, Rakhyun E (1 June 2017).

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Garbarino, J., Dubrow, N., Kostelny, K., & Pardo, C. (1992).

5097:"The welfare reform and work bill will make poor children poorer" 3313: 2792: 2581: 2441: 2188: 2081: 1574: 1570: 1558: 1422: 1335: 191: 114: 106: 94: 42: 14529:

Haymes, Stephen, Maria Vidal de Haymes and Reuben Miller (eds).

11530:"Special Section on Social Cash Transfers in Sub-Saharan Africa" 10680:"Western bankers and lawyers 'rob Africa of $ 150bn every year'" 9021: 8783: 7700:

Exploitation and Over-exploitation in Societies Past and Present

6714: 5599:"Investment and Development Will Secure the Rights of the Child" 5068:

Relational Poverty Politics: Forms, Struggles, and Possibilities

17438: 17251: 17184: 17124: 17119: 16926: 16593: 15872:

List of countries by percentage of population living in poverty

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Contains estimates on trends in world poverty from 1970 to 2006

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Smeeding, Timothy M., O'Higgins, Michael & Rainwater, Lee.

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Habtamu, Fuje; Quayyum, Saad; Ouattara, Franck (24 June 2022).

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Ravallion, Martin; Chen, Shaohua & Sangraula, Prem (2008).

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List of countries by percentage of population living in poverty

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state that “Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to

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disparity at the expense of poor girls is especially marked in

1548:

level, most countries with a completion rate below 60% exhibit

1529: 1383: 1307: 1263:

boy receiving treatment for malnourishment at a health facility

964:

policies promoted by global financial institutions such as the

923: 874:

List of countries by percentage of population living in poverty

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Promoting Income Security as a Right: Europe and North America

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or charitable organizations rather than through tuition, from

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with poverty or location tends to work to the disadvantage of

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Contemporary Society: An Introduction to Social Science, 12/e

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Unable to motivate people to carry out their good intentions

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Global share of wealth by wealth group —Credit Suisse, 2021

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3650:"Fragile and Conflict-Affected Countries and Situations", 3367:" (the poverty of spirit proposed by Jesus), and "poverty 1839:, discrimination against people with physical disability, 356:

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Politics as Usual: What Lies Behind the Pro-Poor Rhetoric

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Strategies to provide education cost effectively include

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costs 2 to 3 cents per person a year while even moderate

1927: 1752:

According to the Energy Poverty Action initiative of the

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Social determinants of health in poverty § Education

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is the elimination of hunger and undernutrition by 2030.

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Relative Income Poverty among Children in Rich Countries

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and AIDS decreases African growth by 0.3–1.5% annually.

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which compares income against the amount needed to meet

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to deliver health services. For remotes communities in

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Worlds regions by total wealth (in trillions USD), 2018

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Poverty may also be understood as an aspect of unequal

400:

at $ 1.90 a day (2011 PPP) (% of population). Based on

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The Routledge Handbook of Poverty in the United States

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Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

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The Routledge Handbook of Poverty in the United States

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It is sometimes argued that poverty is a violation of

3040:

as a condition for receiving emergency loans from the

2233:

in a developing nation sells to another subsidiary or

2011:

Reducing relative poverty would also involve reducing

1768:, which had a major focus on reducing energy poverty. 182:

measures when a person cannot meet a minimum level of

20110:

Existential risk from artificial general intelligence

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Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development

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In 2011, India got $ 52 billion from its 2187:Hardwood surgical tables are commonplace in rural 477:-era migrant workers, Arizona, United States, 1937 368:The number of people below different poverty lines 14939:Oxford Poverty & Human Development Initiative 14907:Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives 14502:, Social Policy, July/August 1971: pp. 20–24 14354:Half of the world's poor live in just 5 countries 13210:"Goal 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere" 12339:. foreignpolicy.com. 24 June 2011. Archived from 11721:Economists' Statement on Guaranteed Annual Income 11474:"Climate Change: Bangladesh facing the challenge" 11037: 10726: 10710:Heavily Indebted Poor Countries, Progress Report. 10576:Fröberg, Kristina; Waris, Attiya (January 2011). 8740: 7983:; and, Richters, J.E., & Martinez, P. (1993). 7661:"Vanishing Himalayan Glaciers Threaten a Billion" 6367:Ghodsee, Kristen; Orenstein, Mitchell A. 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For this reason, the UN's 7: 20210:Living High and Letting Die 20155:Neglected tropical diseases 16563:Department of Environment's 15628:Welfare's effect on poverty 15130:List of basic income models 15059: 14841:"Has Poverty Gotten Worse?" 14825:Urban Institute Press 1990. 14432:. Oxford University Press. 13727:. Oxford University Press. 12126:International Monetary Fund 10982:Maly, Tim (27 March 2013). 10115:". Wiley–Blackwell. p. 11. 10105:Europe in crisis, 1598–1648 9795:University of Witwatersrand 9767:International Monetary Fund 9033:10.1007/978-3-030-33216-7_8 6796:Cano P.E., Librado (2010). 6338:University of Chicago Press 6122:. London. 31 January 2007. 5185:Swatos, William H. 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New York: Penguin Press. 13116:Easterly, William (2006). 12854:10.1108/IJSSP-09-2020-0429 12337:"Poor Little Rich Country" 12239:. cato.org. Archived from 11836:Steensland, Brian (2007). 11649:Journal of Human Resources 10361:"Raising the World's I.Q." 10215:. dcp2.org. Archived from 9882:Scholz, John Karl (2007). 9356:Social Theory and Practice 8819:10.1016/j.erss.2015.06.007 8488:Water Resources Management 8471:. Sacramento, California: 8239:. Temple University Press. 8040:Raghuram G. Rajan (2012). 8029:Cambridge University Press 7431:10.1038/s43856-022-00211-7 6662:"Human Development Report" 6468:Cambridge University Press 6221:Princeton University Press 5964:. Routledge. p. 101. 3909:Sachs, Jeffrey D. (2005). 3821:10.4135/9781483345727.n270 3268: 3198:Climate change and poverty 3183: 3001: 2990:Poverty industrial complex 2942: 2900: 2869: 2838:Adapt to local conditions 2773:conditional cash transfers 2632: 2565: 2431: 2419:Increasing personal income 2383: 2336: 2175:Developing countries' debt 2160: 1925: 1919: 1863:are mutually reinforcing. 1819:criminalization of poverty 1816: 1813:Prejudice and exploitation 1790: 1715: 1584: 1580: 1485: 1387: 1381: 1271: 974:People's Republic of China 871: 824: 815:Joseph Rowntree Foundation 708: 676: 644: 636:World map of countries by 510: 413: 407: 377: 371: 40: 29: 20262:Effective Altruism Global 20254: 20189:The End of Animal Farming 20173: 20082: 20049:Nuclear Threat Initiative 19934:Animal Charity Evaluators 19913: 19837: 19751: 19628: 19605: 19524: 19438: 19400: 19142: 19076: 19035: 18995: 18737: 18663: 18630:Saint Pierre and Miquelon 18530: 18519: 18331: 18220: 18195: 17914: 17856: 17797: 17689: 17657: 17624: 17550: 17522: 17509: 17496: 17414: 17371: 17331: 17313: 17232: 17150: 17110: 17019: 17012: 16967: 16870: 16866: 16853: 16716: 16670: 16666: 16637: 16577: 16550: 16537:Deprivation 2010 (ID2010) 16532:Deprivation 2007 (ID2007) 16527:Deprivation 2004 (ID2004) 16509: 16461:Income inequality metrics 16454: 16428: 16412: 16405: 16343: 16306: 16265: 16258: 16207: 16121: 16114: 16097:Poverty and mental health 16062: 16042: 15964:Environmental degradation 15936: 15929: 15864: 15837: 15804:African sleeping sickness 15784: 15736: 15595: 15500: 15479: 15403: 15282: 15211: 15204: 15148: 15120:Guaranteed minimum income 15067: 14970:World Development Report. 14955:Human Development Report. 14903:Addressing Global Poverty 14786:, Haymarket Books, 2014, 14784:Capitalism: A Ghost Story 14144:. Retrieved 31 July 2013. 13091:Christian Science Monitor 13058:Christian Science Monitor 12928:10.1177/00207209231197948 12388:Deininger, Klaus (2003). 12004:Christian Science Monitor 11811:; Friedman, Rose (1990). 11243:10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0630 10599:– via Academia.edu. 10187:Christian Science Monitor 10141:, Encyclopædia Britannica 9552:10.1016/j.tra.2008.01.011 9407:"Child marriage | UNICEF" 8508:10.1007/s11269-012-0251-6 8298:Desmond, Matthew (2022). 8222:Desmond, Matthew (2016). 8047:20 September 2016 at the 7685:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 6800:. Trafford. p. 100. 6771:Christian Science Monitor 6330:Mattei, Clara E. (2022). 6263:10.1080/09668130120093174 6187:"Worldbank.org reference" 5637:10.1596/978-1-4648-0669-8 5454:10.1257/00028280260344443 4664:Innocenti Research Centre 4275:10.1080/14649880802675168 3915:. Penguin Press. p. 3833:– via ResearchGate. 3459:Juvenilization of poverty 3444:International development 3236:environmental degradation 3154: 3059:, former governor of the 2827:Determine what to supply 2739:early childhood education 2623:foreign direct investment 2459:guaranteed minimum income 2434:Guaranteed minimum income 2380:Preventing overpopulation 1882:by UN special rapporteur 1710: 1365: 1304:World Health Organization 1267: 1047: 1042: 1032:and World Bank president 586:income inequality metrics 285:Definitions and etymology 251:impacts of climate change 20217:The Most Good You Can Do 20130:Intensive animal farming 20115:Global catastrophic risk 19989:Future of Life Institute 19688:Northern Mariana Islands 18797:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 18650:Turks and Caicos Islands 17962:Central African Republic 17830:Pre-industrial East Asia 16314:India State Hunger Index 16241:Legatum Prosperity Index 16225:Misery index (economics) 15176:Legatum Prosperity Index 15161:Misery index (economics) 14918:Islamic Development Bank 14818:, New York, Knopf, 1999. 14763:The Almshouse Experience 14411:American Economic Review 14339:Allen, Robert C. 2020. " 14154:Premier (18 July 2019). 13923:. Penguin Random House. 12901:10.1177/0020720920983505 11417:"Population and Poverty" 11274:"Population and poverty" 11112:. London. Archived from 9846:Public Affairs Quarterly 9187:Parsons, Talcott. 1966. 9144:"Gender Lens on Poverty" 9102:13 February 2015 at the 8633:"Trickle-Down Economics" 7936:School Psychology Review 7873:School Psychology Review 7391:www.commonwealthfund.org 7343:10.1787/9789264100206-en 6912:"Economic costs of AIDS" 5587:Retrieved 31 March 2015. 5432:American Economic Review 5160:Townsend, Peter (1979). 4801:Mankiw, Gregory (2016). 4428:. The World Bank. 2009. 3974:"Dollar a Day Revisited" 3619:"Global Extreme Poverty" 3454:Involuntary unemployment 3449:International inequality 3026:redistribution of wealth 2861:Antipoverty institutions 2835:Apply global blueprints 2499:Nobel Prize in Economics 2469:), which is a system of 1509:rates, higher levels of 1096:Europe and Central Asia 36:Poverty (disambiguation) 20019:The Good Food Institute 19769:Demandingness objection 19653:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 19058:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 18326:Poverty in the Americas 16878:Administrative detainee 16420:Feminization of poverty 16357:Human Development Index 15850:Priority review voucher 14924:Luxembourg Income Study 14914:on 'Our World in Data'. 14565:Lee, Dwight R. (2008). 14137:29 October 2013 at the 13774:Pinker, Steven (2018). 11768:from his younger days). 11332:Oxford University Press 9505:. New York: Routledge. 9487:23 October 2020 at the 7419:Communications Medicine 7110:10.1126/science.1238041 7037:10.1073/pnas.2103313118 6373:Oxford University Press 6152:The Wall Street Journal 5624:The World Bank (2016). 4803:Principles of Economics 4501:Adamson, Peter (2012). 3499:Social protection floor 2983:For-profit institutions 2621:, more than it took in 2450:Afghan girl begging in 2106:maternal mortality rate 1857:feminization of poverty 1330:within their lifetime. 806:second Cameron ministry 638:Human Development Index 458:purchasing power parity 446:purchasing power parity 398:Poverty headcount ratio 229:Social forces, such as 121:child in a clinic near 20245:What We Owe the Future 20074:Wild Animal Initiative 19809:Moral circle expansion 19185:Bosnia and Herzegovina 18565:British Virgin Islands 17294: 16503:Indices of Deprivation 16273:Disability and poverty 16029:Violence against women 15125:Universal basic income 15090:Disability and poverty 14816:Development as Freedom 14716:Making Poverty History 14465:Crown Publishing Group 14279:10.12775/CJFA.2014.001 13917:Hickel, Jason (2020). 13256:"A scramble in Africa" 12734:10.1006/pmed.1998.0275 12639:Retrieved 27 May 2014. 11873:Fettig, David (2011). 10275:copenhageconsensus.com 9434:Echo of Silence (book) 9217:. OHCHR. 4 June 2018. 9174:Moore, Wilbert. 1974. 6697:Pogge, Thomas (2010). 4007:Dollar a Day Revisited 3721:. Dover Publications. 3717:Skeat, Walter (2005). 3519:Universal basic income 3439:In-group and out-group 3424:Distribution of wealth 3296: 3207: 3013: 2822:Accept responsibility 2727: 2652: 2495:John Kenneth Galbraith 2454: 2403: 2386:Demographic transition 2329: 2219:Illicit capital flight 2192: 2069: 2000: 1873:suggest that cultural 1861:disability and poverty 1828: 1729: 1687: 1620: 1608: 1521: 1453: 1379: 1290: 1278:Disability and poverty 1264: 1249: 1073:East Asia and Pacific 883: 759: 731: 725: Data unavailable 624: 604: 562: 478: 405: 369: 259:extreme weather events 216:housing first policies 20293:Development economics 20203:The Life You Can Save 20165:Wild animal suffering 19631:and other territories 18478:Saint Kitts and Nevis 18122:São Tomé and Príncipe 17982:Republic of the Congo 17835:Pre-industrial Europe 16092:psychological poverty 16050:Social Progress Index 15694:List of global issues 15653:Subjective well-being 14878:15 April 2008 at the 14676:Philosophical Inquiry 14579:. Thousand Oaks, CA: 14393:"Deciding Who's Poor" 14217:Pope Paul VI (1964), 14189:. London: Routledge. 14185:Oved, Iaácov (2017). 13310:. 20 September 2008. 13093:. 21 September 2009. 12943:|...}} 12922:(Retracted, see 12404:10.1596/0-8213-5071-4 12237:"Ending mass poverty" 11230:Health Aff (Millwood) 11204:www.alaskajournal.com 10719:13 March 2018 at the 9925:OECD Economic Studies 9200:Kerbo, Harold. 2006. 9092:, 22(1), pp. 141–163 7905:10.1353/hpu.2010.0089 7838:Developmental Science 7771:"Goal 2: Zero Hunger" 6295:Duke University Press 5576:24 April 2021 at the 5238:By Our Own Bootstraps 5213:. MIT. October 2006. 4998:Townsend, P. (1979). 4875:10.1093/geront/gnv041 4177:"Poverty Definitions" 4162:23 March 2010 at the 3399:Bottom of the pyramid 3304:in religions such as 3286: 3259:Fortress conservation 3221:environmental justice 3205: 3190:Environmental justice 3061:Reserve Bank of India 3011: 2917:financial institution 2717: 2691:postal savings system 2658:, made famous by the 2650: 2483:unemployment benefits 2449: 2397: 2319: 2277:structural adjustment 2186: 2078:Industrial Revolution 2055: 1994: 1972:splitting the content 1966:and help introduce a 1845:racial discrimination 1841:gender discrimination 1826: 1727: 1682: 1614: 1606: 1519: 1448: 1373: 1285: 1258: 1243: 881: 774:access to information 753: 635: 610: 602: 528: 496:UN special rapporteur 472: 396: 367: 32:Poor (disambiguation) 19829:Venture philanthropy 18972:United Arab Emirates 17692: or countries 17503:By country or region 16741:Class discrimination 16585:Poverty-related maps 16579:Commons categories: 16298:Poverty and violence 16082:Learned helplessness 16019:Social vulnerability 15994:Relative deprivation 15969:Environmental racism 15633:Criticism of welfare 15080:Concentrated poverty 14587:. pp. 537–539. 14567:"Wealth and Poverty" 14537:17 June 2015 at the 14370:Babb, Sarah (2009). 14346:24 July 2021 at the 14166:on 27 September 2019 14160:Premier Christianity 13060:. 13 November 2008. 12848:(11/12): 1210–1226. 12821:The Hechinger Report 12172:"Arab bureaucracies" 12094:. 28 February 2011. 11730:29 June 2016 at the 11655:(4). Cambridge, MA. 11480:. 8 September 2008. 11317:. 21 September 2009. 11315:Agence France-Presse 10826:. 21 February 2021. 10796:. 15 November 2020. 10396:. 16 December 2006. 9825:Oxford Martin School 9797:. SCIS Working Paper 9466:on 2 September 2018. 8925:10.18356/c121bb97-en 8081:. 30 November 2014. 6858:. 23 November 1998. 6641:World Bank Open Data 6340:. pp. 301–303. 5891:World Economic Forum 5333:. 26 November 2009. 5137:. 24 November 2014. 5040:"Journal of Poverty" 4777:"Just what is poor?" 3414:Emotional detachment 3409:Environmental racism 3322:evangelical counsels 3279:Evangelical counsels 3217:developing countries 3092:positive correlation 2751:vocational education 2693:. Another option is 2487:losses in efficiency 2475:Employment subsidies 2343:Human capital flight 2221:, such as corporate 2197:Universal healthcare 2163:Political corruption 2115:Copenhagen Consensus 2074:nitrogen fertilizers 2048:Improving technology 2025:progressive taxation 1871:modernization theory 1869:and some schools of 1849:caste discrimination 1754:World Economic Forum 1734:developing countries 1695:Water and sanitation 1507:juvenile delinquency 1401:Poor people spend a 1376:World Food Programme 953:population increases 928:702.1 million people 521:Wealth concentration 513:Relative deprivation 204:economic development 162:basic personal needs 20064:Sentience Institute 19401:States with limited 18999:limited recognition 18655:U.S. Virgin Islands 18498:Trinidad and Tobago 18343:Antigua and Barbuda 18197:States with limited 17224:Vanniar (Chieftain) 16442:Gender Parity Index 16391:Living Planet Index 16351:Human Poverty Index 16319:Global Hunger Index 16087:Psychological abuse 15959:Diseases of poverty 15738:Diseases of poverty 15730:Diseases of poverty 15664:Rural access issues 15603:Theories of poverty 15186:Human Poverty Index 15095:Diseases of poverty 14992:Oxfam International 14858:10.1257/jep.12.1.97 14746:Robinson, Marilynne 14512:Haveman, Robert H. 14498:5 June 2007 at the 14460:Poverty, by America 14404:Dollars & Sense 14398:20 May 2008 at the 14391:Bergmann, Barbara. 14079:. 17 October 2016. 13464:"Tentacles of rage" 13407:2022Natur.608..108C 13284:on 23 December 2010 13145:2017COES...26...26B 13030:. 27 October 2016. 13000:. 29 January 2010. 12722:Preventive Medicine 12629:29 May 2014 at the 12313:. 3 December 1998. 12307:"India:the economy" 12091:The Washington Post 12040:on 12 February 2009 11375:2022ScTEn.84557166C 11309:23 May 2012 at the 11174:"Inpatients abroad" 11110:The Daily Telegraph 10619:. 16 January 2012. 10558:10 May 2017 at the 10366:. 4 December 2008. 10337:. 15 October 2008. 10307:. 7 December 2009. 10244:The Washington Post 10110:19 May 2016 at the 10074:Poverty (sociology) 9665:. 18 January 2013. 9544:2008TRPA...42..833S 8883:2018WIREE...7E.304P 8811:2015ERSS...10...31B 8500:2013WatRM..27.1501G 8389:. 10 January 2007. 8079:The Huffington Post 7998:The Washington Post 7544:. 16 October 2008. 7092:2013Sci...341..976M 7028:2021PNAS..11803313O 7022:(44): e2103313118. 6828:. 24 January 2008. 6437:. 12 October 2000. 6250:Europe-Asia Studies 5962:For Business Ethics 5550:Ravallion, Martin. 5392:Roser, Max (2015). 4212:on 10 December 2014 4059:10.1093/wber/lhp007 3565:on 9 September 2020 3529:World Poverty Clock 3404:Economic inequality 3129:means of production 3022:means of production 2799: 2597:model known as the 2467:negative income tax 2339:Reverse brain drain 2227:transfer mispricing 2171:Transfer mispricing 1974:into a new article. 1567:Kingdom of Eswatini 1520:Out of school child 1427:agricultural yields 1396:Global Hunger Index 1332:Infectious diseases 1302:. According to the 1274:Diseases of poverty 1188:Sub-Saharan Africa 833:alcoholic beverages 588:, for example, the 517:Economic inequality 208:poverty alleviation 20145:Malaria prevention 20105:Economic stability 20090:Biotechnology risk 20044:Malaria Consortium 20009:Giving What We Can 19979:Fistula Foundation 19764:Charity assessment 19745:Effective altruism 19519:Poverty in Oceania 18408:Dominican Republic 17908:Poverty in Africa 17805:18th-century Spain 17659:Standard of living 17363:Upper middle class 17358:Lower middle class 16949:Political prisoner 16731:Chattering classes 16703:Spoon class theory 16330:Global Peace Index 16134:Culture of poverty 16004:Social deprivation 15979:Governance failure 15786:Neglected diseases 15771:Diarrheal diseases 15684:Culture of poverty 14975:World Food Program 14406:, March/April 2000 14113:on 1 November 2020 13835:. 19 December 2023 13833:Human Rights Watch 13809:. 14 February 2019 13754:The New York Times 13445:The New York Times 13230:. 28 January 2024. 12599:The New York Times 12568:The New York Times 12537:The New York Times 12508:. 8 October 2009. 12034:World Food Program 11943:. 5 January 2013. 11941:The New York Times 11879:minneapolisfed.org 11448:The New York Times 11346:Ripple, William J. 11326:World Bank. 2001. 11142:. 27 August 2018. 11085:on 30 January 2012 10926:The New York Times 10858:The New York Times 10734:"Third World Debt" 10394:The New York Times 10157:The New York Times 10137:9 May 2015 at the 10077:. britannica.com. 10025:10.1093/cje/bel037 9300:. Globalpost.com. 8198:The New York Times 7135:on 28 October 2013 6747:on 26 January 2011 6717:on 31 January 2015 6435:The New York Times 6297:. pp. 63–64. 6245:Rosefielde, Steven 5002:. London: Penguin. 4831:data.worldbank.org 4565:Bradshaw, Jonathan 4423:"Poverty Measures" 4183:on 6 February 2016 3979:. The World Bank. 3912:The End of Poverty 3849:data.worldbank.org 3748:. United Nations. 3297: 3295:in Shikoku, Japan) 3293:Shikoku Pilgrimage 3208: 3084:empirical research 3069:subprime mortgages 3014: 2911:, also known as a 2798: 2728: 2653: 2629:Financial services 2591:collective farming 2455: 2404: 2330: 2193: 2070: 2066:Barton-upon-Humber 2001: 1964:discuss this issue 1916:Poverty reduction 1833:age discrimination 1829: 1787:Financial services 1760:(UN) launched the 1730: 1688: 1637:lower cost housing 1627:is argued to be a 1621: 1609: 1522: 1454: 1380: 1344:developing nations 1291: 1265: 1250: 933:Sub-Saharan Africa 884: 839:, the practice of 813:(according to the 794:Relational poverty 760: 732: 625: 605: 563: 479: 406: 370: 315:standard of living 239:race and ethnicity 20270: 20269: 20182:Doing Good Better 20054:Open Philanthropy 20034:Mercy for Animals 20029:The Humane League 19905:Eliezer Yudkowsky 19870:William MacAskill 19845:Sam Bankman-Fried 19759:Aid effectiveness 19711: 19710: 19703:Wallis and Futuna 19648:Clipperton Island 19606:Associated states 19486: 19485: 19137:Poverty in Europe 19104: 19103: 19041:other territories 18699: 18698: 18293: 18292: 18224:other territories 17997:Equatorial Guinea 17874: 17873: 17852: 17851: 17848: 17847: 17685: 17684: 17492: 17491: 17488: 17487: 17484: 17483: 17386:Lumpenproletariat 16888:illegal immigrant 16849: 16848: 16761:Classless society 16591: 16590: 16571: 16570: 16450: 16449: 16375:Laeken indicators 16339: 16338: 16254: 16253: 16246:Poverty gap index 16184:Secondary poverty 16169:Poverty threshold 16159:Human trafficking 16110: 16109: 16058: 16057: 15884: 15883: 15858: 15857: 15689:Causes of poverty 15591: 15590: 15181:Poverty gap index 15135:Poverty reduction 15075:Measuring poverty 14829:Smith, Stephen C. 14792:978-1-60846-385-5 14776: 14771:978-0-405-03092-5 14751:Harper's Magazine 14741:978-0-8108-2833-9 14725:10 November 2014. 14714:Prashad, Vijay. " 14710:978-1-78168-158-9 14602:978-1-4129-6580-4 14552:978-0-415-67344-0 14525:978-0-299-11150-2 14505:Gordon, David M. 14474:978-0-593-23991-9 14439:978-0-19-968672-8 14381:978-0-226-03365-5 14364:Poverty in Europe 14360:Atkinson, Anthony 14196:978-1-351-47253-1 14050:978-0-19-567328-9 13785:978-0-525-42757-5 13734:978-0-19-021277-3 13658:World Development 13468:Harper's Magazine 13401:(7921): 108–121. 12666:on 31 August 2009 12413:978-0-8213-5071-3 12210:978-0-8213-5574-9 11847:978-0-691-12714-9 11822:978-0-15-633460-0 11794:978-0-7100-8403-3 11762:978-1-84331-174-4 11236:(10): 1965–1973. 10589:978-91-89542-59-4 10529:. 12 March 2009. 10431:Erd Working Paper 10121:978-0-631-22028-2 9512:978-1-138-84655-5 9042:978-3-030-33216-7 8761:978-1-84369-586-8 8677:978-0-8213-6342-3 8602:. 22 March 2018. 8558:978-971-561-580-8 8443:"Street Children" 8313:978-1-000-59482-9 8159:978-92-3-100329-5 7719:on 10 August 2009 7352:978-92-64-10020-6 7333:OECD/WHO (2003). 7308:Our World in Data 7215:(10064): 91–102. 7086:(6149): 976–980. 6949:(6872): 680–685. 6822:"The Starvelings" 6807:978-1-4269-4766-7 6710:978-0-7456-3892-8 6504:Milanović, Branko 6477:978-1-108-43505-5 6390:978-0-19-754924-7 6347:978-0-226-81839-9 6304:978-0-8223-6949-3 6230:978-0-691-16502-8 6086:978-81-317-3066-9 6025:978-1-4648-1878-3 5992:. worldbank.org. 5971:978-0-415-31135-9 5934:978-0-415-67344-0 5646:978-1-4648-0669-8 5569:(30 March 2015). 5557:28.2 (2013): 139. 5398:Our World in Data 5366:. 19 April 2005. 5364:Web.worldbank.org 5196:978-0-7619-8956-1 5171:978-0-520-03976-6 5078:978-0-8203-5312-8 4977:social solidarity 4951:World Development 4862:The Gerontologist 4812:978-1-305-58512-6 3926:978-1-59420-045-8 3830:978-1-4833-4570-3 3728:978-0-486-44052-1 3669:978-1-4648-0484-7 3624:Our World in Data 3504:Social safety net 3255:Green colonialism 3251:Green imperialism 3232:Brundtland Report 3140:right-libertarian 3100:industrialization 3088:dynastic politics 3057:Raghuram G. Rajan 3004:Causes of poverty 2998:Economic theories 2897:Development banks 2858: 2857: 2562:Economic freedoms 2262:COVID-19 pandemic 2147:iodine deficiency 2005:disposable income 1989: 1988: 1958:Poverty reduction 1922:Poverty reduction 1793:Predatory lending 1685:Jaipur, Rajasthan 1546:primary education 1511:teenage pregnancy 1431:agricultural land 1419:Intensive farming 1233: 1232: 868:Global prevalence 827:Secondary poverty 821:Secondary poverty 767:the provision of 730: 729: 713: 0.400–0.449 705: 0.450–0.499 699: 0.500–0.549 693: 0.550–0.599 687: 0.600–0.649 681: 0.650–0.699 673: 0.700–0.749 667: 0.750–0.799 661: 0.800–0.849 655: 0.850–0.899 617:income inequality 380:Poverty threshold 374:Measuring poverty 360:Measuring poverty 271:biodiversity loss 255:natural disasters 16:(Redirected from 20300: 20224:Practical Ethics 19875:Dustin Moskovitz 19865:Holden Karnofsky 19804:Marginal utility 19738: 19731: 19724: 19715: 19714: 19693:Pitcairn Islands 19663:French Polynesia 19643:Christmas Island 19572:Papua New Guinea 19552:Marshall Islands 19525:Sovereign states 19513: 19506: 19499: 19490: 19489: 19439:Dependencies and 19143:Sovereign states 19131: 19124: 19117: 19108: 19107: 19094: 19084: 19083: 19053:Christmas Island 18739:Sovereign states 18726: 18719: 18712: 18703: 18702: 18620:Saint Barthélemy 18580:Falkland Islands 18525: 18320: 18313: 18306: 18297: 18296: 18285: 18284:(United Kingdom) 18280:Tristan da Cunha 18276:Ascension Island 18268: 18255: 18246: 18222:Dependencies and 17915:Sovereign states 17901: 17894: 17887: 17878: 17877: 17864: 17863: 17691: 17592:Mexican-American 17520: 17519: 17511: 17510: 17498: 17497: 17299: 17242:Business magnate 17132:Knowledge worker 17017: 17016: 16905:dual or multiple 16868: 16867: 16855: 16854: 16809:Social exclusion 16804:Social cleansing 16718: 16668: 16667: 16657:Economic classes 16618: 16611: 16604: 16595: 16594: 16496: 16489: 16482: 16473: 16472: 16410: 16409: 16344:Complex measures 16263: 16262: 16230:Gini coefficient 16119: 16118: 16067: 16066: 16009:Social exclusion 15934: 15933: 15911: 15904: 15897: 15888: 15887: 15723: 15716: 15709: 15700: 15699: 15674:Post-materialism 15209: 15208: 15166:Gini coefficient 15115:Cycle of poverty 15054: 15047: 15040: 15031: 15030: 14996:19 January 2013. 14867:The Spirit Level 14862: 14860: 14773: 14729:Pressman, Steven 14691: 14682:(1–2): 103–115. 14663: 14650: 14622: 14489:Gans, Herbert J. 14478: 14455:Desmond, Matthew 14443: 14413:88:348–51. 1998. 14385: 14316: 14296: 14295: 14293: 14291: 14281: 14257: 14251: 14250: 14248: 14246: 14231: 14222: 14215: 14209: 14208: 14182: 14176: 14175: 14173: 14171: 14162:. Archived from 14151: 14145: 14129: 14123: 14122: 14120: 14118: 14099: 14093: 14092: 14090: 14088: 14069: 14063: 14062: 14036: 14030: 14029: 13989: 13983: 13982: 13980: 13978: 13972: 13966:. January 2008. 13961: 13953: 13947: 13946: 13944: 13942: 13914: 13908: 13907: 13905: 13903: 13887: 13881: 13880: 13878: 13876: 13870: 13863: 13851: 13845: 13844: 13842: 13840: 13825: 13819: 13818: 13816: 13814: 13799: 13790: 13789: 13771: 13765: 13764: 13762: 13760: 13745: 13739: 13738: 13720: 13714: 13713: 13711: 13709: 13694: 13685: 13684: 13674: 13648: 13637: 13636: 13634: 13632: 13623:. October 2012. 13613: 13607: 13606: 13604: 13602: 13596: 13557: 13548: 13542: 13541: 13539: 13537: 13520: 13514: 13513: 13511: 13509: 13498:www.eda.admin.ch 13490: 13484: 13483: 13481: 13479: 13459: 13453: 13452: 13436: 13426: 13385: 13376: 13375: 13373: 13371: 13356: 13350: 13349: 13347: 13345: 13330: 13324: 13323: 13321: 13319: 13300: 13294: 13293: 13291: 13289: 13274: 13268: 13267: 13265: 13263: 13252: 13246: 13245: 13238: 13232: 13231: 13220: 13214: 13213: 13206: 13200: 13199: 13197: 13195: 13181: 13175: 13174: 13164: 13128: 13122: 13121: 13113: 13107: 13106: 13104: 13102: 13083: 13074: 13073: 13071: 13069: 13050: 13044: 13043: 13041: 13039: 13020: 13014: 13013: 13011: 13009: 12990: 12984: 12983: 12981: 12979: 12963: 12957: 12956: 12954: 12952: 12944: 12933:Retraction Watch 12920: 12880: 12874: 12873: 12837: 12831: 12830: 12829: 12827: 12812: 12806: 12805: 12803: 12801: 12792: 12783: 12777: 12776: 12774: 12772: 12760: 12754: 12753: 12713: 12707: 12706: 12704: 12702: 12682: 12676: 12675: 12673: 12671: 12662:. Archived from 12651: 12640: 12621: 12615: 12614: 12612: 12610: 12590: 12584: 12583: 12581: 12579: 12559: 12553: 12552: 12550: 12548: 12528: 12522: 12521: 12519: 12517: 12498: 12492: 12491: 12489: 12487: 12472: 12466: 12465: 12463: 12461: 12446: 12440: 12439: 12437: 12435: 12424: 12418: 12417: 12385: 12379: 12378: 12376: 12374: 12359: 12353: 12352: 12350: 12348: 12333: 12327: 12326: 12324: 12322: 12303: 12297: 12296: 12294: 12292: 12272: 12266: 12259: 12253: 12252: 12250: 12248: 12233: 12227: 12226: 12224: 12222: 12194: 12188: 12187: 12185: 12183: 12168: 12162: 12161: 12159: 12157: 12143: 12137: 12136: 12134: 12132: 12117: 12108: 12107: 12105: 12103: 12082: 12076: 12075: 12073: 12071: 12056: 12050: 12049: 12047: 12045: 12026: 12020: 12019: 12017: 12015: 11996: 11990: 11989: 11987: 11985: 11979: 11973:. Archived from 11972: 11963: 11957: 11956: 11954: 11952: 11933: 11927: 11926: 11924: 11922: 11907: 11898: 11897: 11892: 11890: 11870: 11864: 11858: 11852: 11851: 11833: 11827: 11826: 11809:Friedman, Milton 11805: 11799: 11798: 11781:Hayek, Friedrich 11777: 11771: 11770: 11748: 11735: 11718: 11712: 11711: 11688:Labour Economics 11679: 11673: 11672: 11646: 11637: 11631: 11630: 11628: 11626: 11607: 11601: 11600: 11598: 11596: 11576: 11570: 11569: 11567: 11565: 11525: 11519: 11518: 11517: 11515: 11500: 11494: 11493: 11491: 11489: 11470: 11464: 11463: 11461: 11459: 11439: 11433: 11432: 11430: 11428: 11413: 11407: 11406: 11358: 11350:Ehrlich, Paul R. 11341: 11335: 11324: 11318: 11300: 11294: 11293: 11291: 11289: 11270: 11264: 11263: 11245: 11221: 11215: 11214: 11212: 11210: 11196: 11190: 11189: 11187: 11185: 11170: 11164: 11163: 11161: 11159: 11132: 11126: 11125: 11123: 11121: 11101: 11095: 11094: 11092: 11090: 11075: 11066: 11065: 11063: 11061: 11041: 11035: 11034: 11032: 11030: 11010: 11004: 11003: 11001: 10999: 10979: 10973: 10972: 10970: 10968: 10948: 10942: 10941: 10939: 10937: 10917: 10911: 10910: 10908: 10906: 10897:. 1 March 2013. 10887: 10874: 10873: 10871: 10869: 10849: 10840: 10839: 10837: 10835: 10816: 10810: 10809: 10807: 10805: 10786: 10780: 10779: 10777: 10775: 10766:. 7 April 2006. 10756: 10750: 10749: 10747: 10745: 10730: 10724: 10706: 10700: 10699: 10697: 10695: 10675: 10669: 10668: 10666: 10664: 10642: 10633: 10632: 10630: 10628: 10607: 10601: 10600: 10598: 10596: 10573: 10567: 10549: 10543: 10542: 10540: 10538: 10519: 10510: 10509: 10507: 10505: 10490: 10484: 10483: 10481: 10479: 10464: 10458: 10457: 10455: 10453: 10447: 10441:. Archived from 10428: 10419: 10410: 10409: 10407: 10405: 10386: 10380: 10379: 10377: 10375: 10357: 10351: 10350: 10348: 10346: 10327: 10321: 10320: 10318: 10316: 10297: 10291: 10290: 10288: 10286: 10266: 10260: 10259: 10257: 10255: 10235: 10229: 10228: 10226: 10224: 10209: 10203: 10202: 10200: 10198: 10189:. 25 June 2007. 10179: 10173: 10172: 10170: 10168: 10148: 10142: 10132:Great Depression 10129: 10123: 10097: 10091: 10090: 10088: 10086: 10069: 10063: 10062: 10060: 10058: 10043: 10037: 10036: 10004: 9998: 9997: 9996: 9994: 9988: 9977: 9971: 9970: 9942: 9936: 9935: 9922: 9913: 9907: 9906: 9904: 9902: 9888: 9879: 9870: 9869: 9841: 9835: 9834: 9833: 9831: 9816: 9810: 9809: 9804: 9802: 9792: 9783: 9777: 9776: 9775: 9773: 9756: 9750: 9749: 9747: 9745: 9718: 9712: 9711: 9709: 9707: 9685: 9679: 9678: 9676: 9674: 9653: 9647: 9646: 9644: 9642: 9620: 9614: 9613: 9611: 9609: 9595: 9589: 9588: 9586: 9577: 9571: 9570: 9568: 9566: 9523: 9517: 9516: 9498: 9492: 9474: 9468: 9467: 9465: 9459:. Archived from 9454: 9446: 9440: 9439: 9428: 9422: 9421: 9419: 9417: 9403: 9397: 9396: 9394: 9386: 9380: 9379: 9351: 9345: 9344: 9342: 9340: 9320: 9314: 9313: 9311: 9309: 9294: 9288: 9287: 9285: 9283: 9268: 9262: 9261: 9259: 9257: 9246:ATD Fourth World 9237: 9231: 9230: 9228: 9226: 9211: 9205: 9198: 9192: 9185: 9179: 9172: 9166: 9165: 9163: 9161: 9155: 9148: 9140: 9134: 9133: 9131: 9129: 9115: 9109: 9095:Yeo, R. (2005), 9086: 9080: 9079: 9077: 9075: 9060: 9054: 9053: 9019: 9013: 9012: 8994: 8962: 8956: 8955: 8953: 8951: 8936: 8930: 8929: 8927: 8911: 8905: 8904: 8894: 8892:10.1002/wene.304 8862: 8856: 8855: 8853: 8851: 8837: 8831: 8830: 8790: 8781: 8780: 8778: 8776: 8770: 8749: 8738: 8732: 8731: 8729: 8727: 8721: 8714: 8703: 8697: 8696: 8694: 8692: 8686: 8669: 8658: 8649: 8648: 8646: 8644: 8629: 8616: 8615: 8613: 8611: 8592: 8586: 8577: 8571: 8570: 8544: 8538: 8537: 8519: 8494:(5): 1501–1515. 8483: 8477: 8476: 8465: 8459: 8458: 8456: 8454: 8439: 8433: 8432: 8430: 8428: 8419:. 16 June 2006. 8409: 8403: 8402: 8400: 8398: 8379: 8373: 8372: 8370: 8368: 8359:. 23 June 2018. 8349: 8343: 8340: 8334: 8331: 8325: 8324: 8322: 8320: 8295: 8289: 8288: 8286: 8284: 8255: 8246: 8240: 8233: 8227: 8220: 8214: 8213: 8211: 8209: 8189: 8176: 8175: 8173: 8171: 8143: 8134: 8133: 8131: 8129: 8113: 8107: 8104: 8095: 8094: 8092: 8090: 8071: 8065: 8058: 8052: 8038: 8032: 8025: 8014: 8013: 8011: 8009: 7990: 7984: 7982: 7951: 7931: 7925: 7924: 7888: 7868: 7862: 7861: 7832: 7826: 7825: 7823: 7821: 7797: 7791: 7790: 7788: 7786: 7766: 7760: 7759: 7757: 7755: 7735: 7729: 7728: 7726: 7724: 7709: 7703: 7697: 7691: 7690: 7684: 7676: 7674: 7672: 7657: 7651: 7650: 7648: 7646: 7626: 7620: 7619: 7617: 7615: 7595: 7589: 7588: 7586: 7584: 7564: 7558: 7557: 7555: 7553: 7534: 7528: 7527: 7525: 7523: 7508: 7502: 7501: 7499: 7497: 7488:. 19 June 2009. 7478: 7472: 7471: 7450: 7410: 7401: 7400: 7399: 7397: 7382: 7373: 7372: 7330: 7324: 7323: 7321: 7319: 7300: 7294: 7293: 7283: 7259: 7253: 7252: 7250: 7248: 7200: 7194: 7193: 7183: 7166:(10064): 77–90. 7151: 7145: 7144: 7142: 7140: 7134: 7128:. Archived from 7103: 7075: 7066: 7060: 7059: 7049: 7039: 7007: 7001: 7000: 6998: 6996: 6981: 6975: 6974: 6938: 6932: 6931: 6929: 6927: 6918:. 23 July 2003. 6916:Globalpolicy.org 6908: 6902: 6901: 6899: 6897: 6886:Go.worldbank.org 6878: 6872: 6871: 6869: 6867: 6848: 6842: 6841: 6839: 6837: 6818: 6812: 6811: 6793: 6787: 6786: 6784: 6782: 6773:. 24 July 2007. 6763: 6757: 6756: 6754: 6752: 6743:. Archived from 6733: 6727: 6726: 6724: 6722: 6713:. Archived from 6694: 6688: 6687: 6685: 6683: 6677: 6666: 6658: 6652: 6651: 6649: 6647: 6633: 6627: 6626: 6624: 6622: 6605: 6599: 6598: 6596: 6594: 6582:Elliott, Larry. 6579: 6573: 6570: 6564: 6563: 6561: 6559: 6544: 6538: 6537: 6500: 6494: 6493: 6491: 6489: 6457: 6451: 6450: 6448: 6446: 6427: 6421: 6420: 6418: 6416: 6411:on 16 April 2010 6401: 6395: 6394: 6364: 6355: 6354: 6327: 6321: 6320: 6318: 6316: 6285:Ghodsee, Kristen 6281: 6275: 6274: 6257:(8): 1159–1176. 6241: 6235: 6234: 6213:Scheidel, Walter 6209: 6203: 6202: 6200: 6198: 6183: 6177: 6176: 6174: 6172: 6142: 6136: 6135: 6133: 6131: 6112: 6103: 6102: 6100: 6098: 6070: 6064: 6063: 6061: 6059: 6039: 6033: 6032: 6012: 6006: 6005: 6003: 6001: 5986: 5980: 5979: 5957: 5951: 5950: 5948: 5946: 5927:. pp. 1–2. 5914: 5908: 5907: 5905: 5903: 5881: 5875: 5874: 5872: 5870: 5848: 5842: 5841: 5839: 5837: 5817: 5811: 5810: 5808: 5806: 5786: 5780: 5779: 5777: 5775: 5769: 5758: 5750: 5744: 5743: 5741: 5739: 5724: 5718: 5717: 5715: 5713: 5698: 5692: 5691: 5689: 5687: 5672: 5666: 5665: 5663: 5661: 5655: 5630: 5621: 5615: 5614: 5612: 5610: 5597:Madu, Ernest C. 5594: 5588: 5564: 5558: 5548: 5542: 5541: 5539: 5537: 5532:on 10 March 2007 5522: 5516: 5515: 5513: 5511: 5497: 5491: 5488: 5482: 5479: 5473: 5472: 5470: 5468: 5462: 5447: 5429: 5420: 5414: 5413: 5411: 5409: 5389: 5380: 5379: 5377: 5375: 5356: 5347: 5346: 5344: 5342: 5323: 5317: 5316: 5314: 5312: 5306: 5299: 5290: 5284: 5283: 5281: 5274: 5266: 5260: 5259: 5257: 5255: 5249: 5242: 5233: 5227: 5226: 5224: 5222: 5207: 5201: 5200: 5182: 5176: 5175: 5157: 5151: 5150: 5148: 5146: 5125: 5119: 5118: 5116: 5114: 5092: 5083: 5082: 5062: 5056: 5055: 5053: 5051: 5036: 5030: 5029: 5027: 5025: 5010: 5004: 5003: 4995: 4989: 4986: 4980: 4973: 4967: 4966: 4946: 4940: 4939: 4937: 4935: 4929: 4922: 4914: 4908: 4907: 4905: 4903: 4877: 4853: 4847: 4846: 4844: 4842: 4823: 4817: 4816: 4798: 4792: 4791: 4789: 4787: 4772: 4766: 4765: 4763: 4752: 4743: 4737: 4736: 4734: 4732: 4717: 4711: 4710: 4706: 4700: 4699: 4697: 4695: 4689: 4682: 4674: 4668: 4667: 4659: 4653: 4652: 4650: 4648: 4643:on 14 March 2018 4639:. Archived from 4616: 4610: 4609: 4605: 4599: 4598: 4596: 4594: 4588: 4573: 4561: 4555: 4554: 4543: 4537: 4536: 4531: 4525: 4524: 4522: 4520: 4514: 4507: 4498: 4489: 4486: 4480: 4479: 4451: 4445: 4444: 4442: 4440: 4434: 4427: 4419: 4413: 4412: 4410: 4408: 4388: 4382: 4381: 4379: 4377: 4362: 4356: 4355: 4353: 4351: 4331: 4325: 4324: 4322: 4320: 4301: 4295: 4294: 4254: 4248: 4247: 4245: 4243: 4228: 4222: 4221: 4219: 4217: 4202: 4193: 4192: 4190: 4188: 4173: 4167: 4153: 4147: 4146: 4144: 4142: 4126: 4120: 4119: 4117: 4115: 4100: 4094: 4093: 4091: 4089: 4083: 4044: 4035: 4029: 4028: 4026: 4024: 4018: 4011: 4002: 3996: 3995: 3993: 3991: 3985: 3978: 3969: 3963: 3962: 3960: 3958: 3942: 3931: 3930: 3906: 3900: 3899: 3897: 3895: 3880: 3874: 3871: 3865: 3864: 3862: 3860: 3841: 3835: 3834: 3804: 3795: 3794: 3792: 3790: 3771: 3765: 3764: 3762: 3760: 3754: 3747: 3739: 3733: 3732: 3714: 3708: 3707: 3705: 3703: 3688: 3682: 3679: 3673: 3672: 3647: 3641: 3640: 3638: 3636: 3614: 3608: 3607: 3605: 3603: 3584: 3575: 3574: 3572: 3570: 3561:. Archived from 3555:"Ending Poverty" 3551: 3434:Income disparity 3419:Cycle of poverty 3180:Environmentalism 3149:Friedrich Engels 3108:Nicholas Kristof 3104:Martin Ravallion 3049:cycle of poverty 2913:development bank 2903:Development bank 2800: 2797: 2785:William Easterly 2735:public education 2666:, and in India, 2595:central planning 2568:Economic freedom 2503:Herbert A. Simon 2350:Microfranchising 2297:, also known as 2280:conditionalities 2205:money laundering 1984: 1981: 1975: 1944: 1943: 1936: 1805:can be limited, 1657:developing world 1625:right to housing 1615:Street child in 1550:gender disparity 1359:opportunity cost 1040: 1039: 1030:António Guterres 905:developing world 724: 718: 712: 704: 698: 692: 686: 680: 672: 666: 660: 654: 648: 642: 613:Gini coefficient 590:Gini coefficient 560: 531:Gini coefficient 507:Relative poverty 473:Children of the 463:moderate poverty 416:Purchasing power 389:Absolute poverty 297:(Modern French: 188:relative poverty 184:living standards 179:relative poverty 157:absolute poverty 87: 78: 67: 58: 21: 20308: 20307: 20303: 20302: 20301: 20299: 20298: 20297: 20273: 20272: 20271: 20266: 20250: 20169: 20135:Land use reform 20078: 19994:Founders Pledge 19969:Evidence Action 19909: 19833: 19789:Earning to give 19747: 19742: 19712: 19707: 19630: 19624: 19607: 19601: 19582:Solomon Islands 19520: 19517: 19487: 19482: 19440: 19434: 19420:Northern Cyprus 19402: 19396: 19317:North Macedonia 19138: 19135: 19105: 19100: 19072: 19040: 19031: 19012:Northern Cyprus 18998: 18991: 18733: 18732:Poverty in Asia 18730: 18700: 18695: 18673:Central America 18659: 18534: 18526: 18517: 18334: 18327: 18324: 18294: 18289: 18288: 18283: 18266: 18253: 18244: 18225: 18223: 18216: 18200: 18198: 18191: 17910: 17905: 17875: 17870: 17844: 17793: 17681: 17653: 17620: 17604:Underprivileged 17546: 17505: 17504: 17480: 17410: 17367: 17327: 17309: 17228: 17146: 17106: 17008: 16963: 16862: 16861: 16845: 16824:Social position 16814:Social mobility 16712: 16662: 16633: 16632: 16622: 16592: 16587: 16573: 16572: 16567: 16546: 16505: 16500: 16446: 16424: 16401: 16335: 16302: 16288:Sex trafficking 16278:Food insecurity 16250: 16203: 16179:Precarious work 16149:Extreme poverty 16106: 16054: 16038: 15925: 15915: 15885: 15880: 15860: 15859: 15854: 15833: 15819:River blindness 15809:Schistosomiasis 15780: 15732: 15727: 15643:Quality of life 15618:Welfare culture 15587: 15496: 15475: 15399: 15278: 15200: 15144: 15110:Chronic poverty 15085:Cost of poverty 15063: 15058: 14899: 14894: 14880:Wayback Machine 14806:Clarendon Press 14603: 14539:Wayback Machine 14500:Wayback Machine 14475: 14440: 14400:Wayback Machine 14382: 14348:Wayback Machine 14335: 14333:Further reading 14330: 14308: 14303: 14300: 14299: 14289: 14287: 14258: 14254: 14244: 14242: 14233: 14232: 14225: 14216: 14212: 14197: 14183: 14179: 14169: 14167: 14152: 14148: 14139:Wayback Machine 14130: 14126: 14116: 14114: 14101: 14100: 14096: 14086: 14084: 14071: 14070: 14066: 14051: 14037: 14033: 13990: 13986: 13976: 13974: 13970: 13959: 13955: 13954: 13950: 13940: 13938: 13931: 13915: 13911: 13901: 13899: 13888: 13884: 13874: 13872: 13868: 13861: 13853: 13852: 13848: 13838: 13836: 13827: 13826: 13822: 13812: 13810: 13801: 13800: 13793: 13786: 13772: 13768: 13758: 13756: 13746: 13742: 13735: 13721: 13717: 13707: 13705: 13695: 13688: 13649: 13640: 13630: 13628: 13621:GMA News Online 13615: 13614: 13610: 13600: 13598: 13594: 13555: 13549: 13545: 13535: 13533: 13522: 13521: 13517: 13507: 13505: 13492: 13491: 13487: 13477: 13475: 13460: 13456: 13386: 13379: 13369: 13367: 13357: 13353: 13343: 13341: 13332: 13331: 13327: 13317: 13315: 13302: 13301: 13297: 13287: 13285: 13276: 13275: 13271: 13261: 13259: 13254: 13253: 13249: 13240: 13239: 13235: 13222: 13221: 13217: 13208: 13207: 13203: 13193: 13191: 13183: 13182: 13178: 13129: 13125: 13114: 13110: 13100: 13098: 13085: 13084: 13077: 13067: 13065: 13052: 13051: 13047: 13037: 13035: 13022: 13021: 13017: 13007: 13005: 12992: 12991: 12987: 12977: 12975: 12964: 12960: 12946: 12938: 12936: 12921: 12881: 12877: 12838: 12834: 12825: 12823: 12813: 12809: 12799: 12797: 12790: 12784: 12780: 12770: 12768: 12761: 12757: 12714: 12710: 12700: 12698: 12683: 12679: 12669: 12667: 12652: 12643: 12631:Wayback Machine 12622: 12618: 12608: 12606: 12591: 12587: 12577: 12575: 12560: 12556: 12546: 12544: 12529: 12525: 12515: 12513: 12500: 12499: 12495: 12485: 12483: 12474: 12473: 12469: 12459: 12457: 12456:on 19 June 2008 12448: 12447: 12443: 12433: 12431: 12426: 12425: 12421: 12414: 12386: 12382: 12372: 12370: 12361: 12360: 12356: 12346: 12344: 12343:on 28 June 2011 12335: 12334: 12330: 12320: 12318: 12305: 12304: 12300: 12290: 12288: 12273: 12269: 12260: 12256: 12246: 12244: 12235: 12234: 12230: 12220: 12218: 12211: 12195: 12191: 12181: 12179: 12170: 12169: 12165: 12155: 12153: 12145: 12144: 12140: 12130: 12128: 12118: 12111: 12101: 12099: 12084: 12083: 12079: 12069: 12067: 12058: 12057: 12053: 12043: 12041: 12028: 12027: 12023: 12013: 12011: 12006:. 4 June 2008. 11998: 11997: 11993: 11983: 11981: 11977: 11970: 11964: 11960: 11950: 11948: 11935: 11934: 11930: 11920: 11918: 11909: 11908: 11901: 11888: 11886: 11871: 11867: 11859: 11855: 11848: 11834: 11830: 11823: 11806: 11802: 11795: 11778: 11774: 11763: 11749: 11738: 11732:Wayback Machine 11719: 11715: 11680: 11676: 11644: 11638: 11634: 11624: 11622: 11617:. 23 May 2008. 11609: 11608: 11604: 11594: 11592: 11577: 11573: 11563: 11561: 11526: 11522: 11513: 11511: 11501: 11497: 11487: 11485: 11472: 11471: 11467: 11457: 11455: 11440: 11436: 11426: 11424: 11415: 11414: 11410: 11356: 11344:Crist, Eileen; 11342: 11338: 11325: 11321: 11311:Wayback Machine 11301: 11297: 11287: 11285: 11272: 11271: 11267: 11222: 11218: 11208: 11206: 11198: 11197: 11193: 11183: 11181: 11172: 11171: 11167: 11157: 11155: 11134: 11133: 11129: 11119: 11117: 11102: 11098: 11088: 11086: 11077: 11076: 11069: 11059: 11057: 11042: 11038: 11028: 11026: 11011: 11007: 10997: 10995: 10980: 10976: 10966: 10964: 10949: 10945: 10935: 10933: 10918: 10914: 10904: 10902: 10889: 10888: 10877: 10867: 10865: 10850: 10843: 10833: 10831: 10818: 10817: 10813: 10803: 10801: 10788: 10787: 10783: 10773: 10771: 10758: 10757: 10753: 10743: 10741: 10732: 10731: 10727: 10721:Wayback Machine 10712:Retrieved from 10707: 10703: 10693: 10691: 10676: 10672: 10662: 10660: 10643: 10636: 10626: 10624: 10609: 10608: 10604: 10594: 10592: 10590: 10574: 10570: 10560:Wayback Machine 10550: 10546: 10536: 10534: 10521: 10520: 10513: 10503: 10501: 10492: 10491: 10487: 10477: 10475: 10466: 10465: 10461: 10451: 10449: 10445: 10426: 10420: 10413: 10403: 10401: 10388: 10387: 10383: 10373: 10371: 10359: 10358: 10354: 10344: 10342: 10329: 10328: 10324: 10314: 10312: 10299: 10298: 10294: 10284: 10282: 10267: 10263: 10253: 10251: 10236: 10232: 10222: 10220: 10219:on 23 June 2011 10211: 10210: 10206: 10196: 10194: 10181: 10180: 10176: 10166: 10164: 10149: 10145: 10139:Wayback Machine 10130: 10126: 10112:Wayback Machine 10100:Geoffrey Parker 10098: 10094: 10084: 10082: 10071: 10070: 10066: 10056: 10054: 10045: 10044: 10040: 10005: 10001: 9992: 9990: 9986: 9978: 9974: 9943: 9939: 9920: 9914: 9910: 9900: 9898: 9886: 9880: 9873: 9842: 9838: 9829: 9827: 9817: 9813: 9800: 9798: 9790: 9784: 9780: 9771: 9769: 9757: 9753: 9743: 9741: 9719: 9715: 9705: 9703: 9686: 9682: 9672: 9670: 9655: 9654: 9650: 9640: 9638: 9630:Washington Post 9621: 9617: 9607: 9605: 9597: 9596: 9592: 9587:. CEPAL Review. 9584: 9578: 9574: 9564: 9562: 9524: 9520: 9513: 9499: 9495: 9489:Wayback Machine 9475: 9471: 9463: 9452: 9448: 9447: 9443: 9430: 9429: 9425: 9415: 9413: 9405: 9404: 9400: 9392: 9388: 9387: 9383: 9352: 9348: 9338: 9336: 9321: 9317: 9307: 9305: 9296: 9295: 9291: 9281: 9279: 9270: 9269: 9265: 9255: 9253: 9238: 9234: 9224: 9222: 9213: 9212: 9208: 9199: 9195: 9186: 9182: 9173: 9169: 9159: 9157: 9153: 9146: 9142: 9141: 9137: 9127: 9125: 9119:"Child poverty" 9117: 9116: 9112: 9104:Wayback Machine 9087: 9083: 9073: 9071: 9062: 9061: 9057: 9043: 9020: 9016: 8963: 8959: 8949: 8947: 8938: 8937: 8933: 8913: 8912: 8908: 8863: 8859: 8849: 8847: 8839: 8838: 8834: 8791: 8784: 8774: 8772: 8768: 8762: 8747: 8739: 8735: 8725: 8723: 8719: 8712: 8704: 8700: 8690: 8688: 8684: 8678: 8667: 8659: 8652: 8642: 8640: 8631: 8630: 8619: 8609: 8607: 8594: 8593: 8589: 8579:WHO and UNICEF 8578: 8574: 8559: 8545: 8541: 8484: 8480: 8467: 8466: 8462: 8452: 8450: 8441: 8440: 8436: 8426: 8424: 8411: 8410: 8406: 8396: 8394: 8381: 8380: 8376: 8366: 8364: 8351: 8350: 8346: 8341: 8337: 8332: 8328: 8318: 8316: 8314: 8296: 8292: 8282: 8280: 8258:Urban Geography 8253: 8247: 8243: 8234: 8230: 8226:. Crown Books. 8221: 8217: 8207: 8205: 8190: 8179: 8169: 8167: 8160: 8146:UNESCO (2019). 8144: 8137: 8127: 8125: 8114: 8110: 8105: 8098: 8088: 8086: 8073: 8072: 8068: 8059: 8055: 8049:Wayback Machine 8039: 8035: 8026: 8017: 8007: 8005: 7992: 7991: 7987: 7932: 7928: 7869: 7865: 7833: 7829: 7819: 7817: 7798: 7794: 7784: 7782: 7767: 7763: 7753: 7751: 7736: 7732: 7722: 7720: 7711: 7710: 7706: 7698: 7694: 7678: 7677: 7670: 7668: 7659: 7658: 7654: 7644: 7642: 7627: 7623: 7613: 7611: 7596: 7592: 7582: 7580: 7565: 7561: 7551: 7549: 7536: 7535: 7531: 7521: 7519: 7510: 7509: 7505: 7495: 7493: 7480: 7479: 7475: 7411: 7404: 7395: 7393: 7383: 7376: 7353: 7337:. Paris: OECD. 7331: 7327: 7317: 7315: 7302: 7301: 7297: 7260: 7256: 7246: 7244: 7201: 7197: 7152: 7148: 7138: 7136: 7132: 7101:10.1.1.398.6303 7073: 7067: 7063: 7008: 7004: 6994: 6992: 6991:on 3 April 2011 6983: 6982: 6978: 6955:10.1038/415680a 6939: 6935: 6925: 6923: 6910: 6909: 6905: 6895: 6893: 6880: 6879: 6875: 6865: 6863: 6850: 6849: 6845: 6835: 6833: 6820: 6819: 6815: 6808: 6794: 6790: 6780: 6778: 6765: 6764: 6760: 6750: 6748: 6735: 6734: 6730: 6720: 6718: 6711: 6695: 6691: 6681: 6679: 6675: 6664: 6660: 6659: 6655: 6645: 6643: 6635: 6634: 6630: 6620: 6618: 6606: 6602: 6592: 6590: 6580: 6576: 6571: 6567: 6557: 6555: 6546: 6545: 6541: 6501: 6497: 6487: 6485: 6478: 6458: 6454: 6444: 6442: 6429: 6428: 6424: 6414: 6412: 6403: 6402: 6398: 6391: 6365: 6358: 6348: 6328: 6324: 6314: 6312: 6305: 6282: 6278: 6242: 6238: 6231: 6223:. p. 222. 6210: 6206: 6196: 6194: 6185: 6184: 6180: 6170: 6168: 6143: 6139: 6129: 6127: 6120:The Independent 6114: 6113: 6106: 6096: 6094: 6087: 6071: 6067: 6057: 6055: 6040: 6036: 6026: 6014: 6013: 6009: 5999: 5997: 5988: 5987: 5983: 5972: 5958: 5954: 5944: 5942: 5935: 5915: 5911: 5901: 5899: 5882: 5878: 5868: 5866: 5849: 5845: 5835: 5833: 5818: 5814: 5804: 5802: 5787: 5783: 5773: 5771: 5767: 5756: 5752: 5751: 5747: 5737: 5735: 5726: 5725: 5721: 5711: 5709: 5700: 5699: 5695: 5685: 5683: 5674: 5673: 5669: 5659: 5657: 5653: 5647: 5628: 5622: 5618: 5608: 5606: 5595: 5591: 5578:Wayback Machine 5565: 5561: 5549: 5545: 5535: 5533: 5524: 5523: 5519: 5509: 5507: 5499: 5498: 5494: 5489: 5485: 5480: 5476: 5466: 5464: 5460: 5427: 5421: 5417: 5407: 5405: 5394:"World Poverty" 5390: 5383: 5373: 5371: 5358: 5357: 5350: 5340: 5338: 5325: 5324: 5320: 5310: 5308: 5304: 5297: 5291: 5287: 5279: 5272: 5268: 5267: 5263: 5253: 5251: 5247: 5240: 5234: 5230: 5220: 5218: 5209: 5208: 5204: 5197: 5183: 5179: 5172: 5158: 5154: 5144: 5142: 5127: 5126: 5122: 5112: 5110: 5093: 5086: 5079: 5063: 5059: 5049: 5047: 5038: 5037: 5033: 5023: 5021: 5012: 5011: 5007: 4996: 4992: 4987: 4983: 4974: 4970: 4947: 4943: 4933: 4931: 4927: 4920: 4916: 4915: 4911: 4901: 4899: 4854: 4850: 4840: 4838: 4825: 4824: 4820: 4813: 4799: 4795: 4785: 4783: 4773: 4769: 4761: 4750: 4744: 4740: 4730: 4728: 4721:"Child Poverty" 4719: 4718: 4714: 4708: 4707: 4703: 4693: 4691: 4687: 4680: 4676: 4675: 4671: 4661: 4660: 4656: 4646: 4644: 4617: 4613: 4607: 4606: 4602: 4592: 4590: 4586: 4571: 4562: 4558: 4544: 4540: 4533: 4532: 4528: 4518: 4516: 4515:on 12 June 2013 4512: 4505: 4499: 4492: 4487: 4483: 4468:10.2307/1912718 4452: 4448: 4438: 4436: 4432: 4425: 4421: 4420: 4416: 4406: 4404: 4389: 4385: 4375: 4373: 4364: 4363: 4359: 4349: 4347: 4332: 4328: 4318: 4316: 4303: 4302: 4298: 4255: 4251: 4241: 4239: 4230: 4229: 4225: 4215: 4213: 4204: 4203: 4196: 4186: 4184: 4175: 4174: 4170: 4164:Wayback Machine 4154: 4150: 4140: 4138: 4127: 4123: 4113: 4111: 4102: 4101: 4097: 4087: 4085: 4081: 4042: 4036: 4032: 4022: 4020: 4016: 4009: 4003: 3999: 3989: 3987: 3983: 3976: 3970: 3966: 3956: 3954: 3949:. bbcnews.com. 3943: 3934: 3927: 3907: 3903: 3893: 3891: 3882: 3881: 3877: 3872: 3868: 3858: 3856: 3843: 3842: 3838: 3831: 3805: 3798: 3788: 3786: 3773: 3772: 3768: 3758: 3756: 3752: 3745: 3741: 3740: 3736: 3729: 3715: 3711: 3701: 3699: 3689: 3685: 3680: 3676: 3670: 3649: 3648: 3644: 3634: 3632: 3615: 3611: 3601: 3599: 3586: 3585: 3578: 3568: 3566: 3553: 3552: 3548: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3494:Social programs 3384: 3281: 3267: 3225:climate justice 3200: 3182: 3174:social security 3162: 3157: 3006: 3000: 2985: 2947: 2941: 2905: 2899: 2880:as part of the 2874: 2868: 2863: 2781: 2766:sanitary towels 2712: 2683:savings account 2645: 2631: 2574: 2564: 2515:Milton Friedman 2507:Friedrich Hayek 2471:social security 2444: 2438:Social security 2432:Main articles: 2430: 2421: 2413:family planning 2392: 2390:family planning 2384:Main articles: 2382: 2362:medical tourism 2345: 2337:Main articles: 2335: 2322:family planning 2181: 2159: 2110:maternal health 2094:Mass production 2050: 2045: 1985: 1979: 1976: 1961: 1956:, specifically 1945: 1941: 1934: 1932:Development aid 1924: 1918: 1905:Echo of Silence 1821: 1815: 1799: 1789: 1784: 1783: 1721: 1713: 1701:open defecation 1697: 1677: 1664:street children 1601: 1591:Street children 1583: 1494: 1484: 1443: 1425:and decline of 1392: 1386: 1368: 1323:maternal deaths 1316:child mortality 1300:life expectancy 1287:Life expectancy 1280: 1272:Main articles: 1270: 1238: 1236:Characteristics 1048:$ 2.15 per day 1022:Joseph Stiglitz 978:extreme poverty 958:Great Recession 876: 870: 861: 853:Substance abuse 829: 823: 790:political power 769:relational care 740:Child mortality 736:Life expectancy 726: 722: 720: 716: 714: 710: 706: 702: 700: 696: 694: 690: 688: 684: 682: 678: 674: 670: 668: 664: 662: 658: 656: 652: 650: 646: 630: 615:, a measure of 546: 523: 509: 484:life expectancy 434:primary poverty 426:extreme poverty 422: 412: 410:Extreme poverty 391: 386: 376: 362: 287: 275:ethnic conflict 263:social problems 129: 128: 127: 126: 90: 89: 88: 80: 79: 70: 69: 68: 60: 59: 46: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 20306: 20296: 20295: 20290: 20285: 20268: 20267: 20265: 20264: 20258: 20256: 20252: 20251: 20249: 20248: 20241: 20234: 20227: 20220: 20213: 20206: 20199: 20192: 20185: 20177: 20175: 20171: 20170: 20168: 20167: 20162: 20157: 20152: 20150:Mass deworming 20147: 20142: 20140:Life extension 20137: 20132: 20127: 20125:Global poverty 20122: 20117: 20112: 20107: 20102: 20097: 20095:Climate change 20092: 20086: 20084: 20080: 20079: 20077: 20076: 20071: 20069:Unlimit Health 20066: 20061: 20056: 20051: 20046: 20041: 20036: 20031: 20026: 20021: 20016: 20014:Good Food Fund 20011: 20006: 20001: 19996: 19991: 19986: 19981: 19976: 19971: 19966: 19961: 19956: 19951: 19946: 19941: 19936: 19931: 19928: 19923: 19917: 19915: 19911: 19910: 19908: 19907: 19902: 19897: 19892: 19887: 19882: 19877: 19872: 19867: 19862: 19860:Hilary Greaves 19857: 19852: 19847: 19841: 19839: 19835: 19834: 19832: 19831: 19826: 19824:Utilitarianism 19821: 19816: 19811: 19806: 19801: 19796: 19791: 19786: 19781: 19779:Disease burden 19776: 19771: 19766: 19761: 19755: 19753: 19749: 19748: 19741: 19740: 19733: 19726: 19718: 19709: 19708: 19706: 19705: 19700: 19695: 19690: 19685: 19683:Norfolk Island 19680: 19675: 19670: 19665: 19660: 19655: 19650: 19645: 19640: 19638:American Samoa 19634: 19632: 19626: 19625: 19623: 19622: 19617: 19611: 19609: 19608:of New Zealand 19603: 19602: 19600: 19599: 19594: 19589: 19584: 19579: 19574: 19569: 19564: 19559: 19554: 19549: 19544: 19539: 19534: 19528: 19526: 19522: 19521: 19516: 19515: 19508: 19501: 19493: 19484: 19483: 19481: 19480: 19475: 19470: 19465: 19460: 19455: 19450: 19444: 19442: 19441:other entities 19436: 19435: 19433: 19432: 19427: 19422: 19417: 19412: 19406: 19404: 19398: 19397: 19395: 19394: 19392:United Kingdom 19389: 19384: 19379: 19374: 19369: 19364: 19359: 19354: 19349: 19344: 19339: 19334: 19329: 19324: 19319: 19314: 19309: 19304: 19299: 19294: 19289: 19284: 19279: 19274: 19269: 19264: 19259: 19257: 19252: 19247: 19242: 19237: 19232: 19227: 19222: 19217: 19212: 19207: 19205:Czech Republic 19202: 19197: 19192: 19187: 19182: 19177: 19172: 19167: 19162: 19157: 19152: 19146: 19144: 19140: 19139: 19134: 19133: 19126: 19119: 19111: 19102: 19101: 19099: 19098: 19088: 19077: 19074: 19073: 19071: 19070: 19065: 19060: 19055: 19050: 19044: 19042: 19033: 19032: 19030: 19029: 19024: 19019: 19014: 19009: 19003: 19001: 18993: 18992: 18990: 18989: 18984: 18979: 18974: 18969: 18964: 18959: 18954: 18949: 18944: 18939: 18934: 18929: 18924: 18919: 18914: 18909: 18904: 18899: 18894: 18889: 18884: 18879: 18874: 18869: 18864: 18859: 18854: 18849: 18844: 18839: 18834: 18829: 18824: 18819: 18814: 18809: 18804: 18799: 18794: 18789: 18784: 18779: 18774: 18769: 18764: 18759: 18754: 18749: 18743: 18741: 18735: 18734: 18729: 18728: 18721: 18714: 18706: 18697: 18696: 18694: 18693: 18686: 18684: 18682: 18680: 18675: 18670: 18664: 18661: 18660: 18658: 18657: 18652: 18647: 18642: 18637: 18635:Sint Eustatius 18632: 18627: 18622: 18617: 18612: 18607: 18602: 18597: 18592: 18587: 18582: 18577: 18572: 18570:Cayman Islands 18567: 18562: 18557: 18552: 18547: 18541: 18539: 18528: 18527: 18520: 18518: 18516: 18515: 18510: 18505: 18500: 18495: 18490: 18485: 18480: 18475: 18470: 18465: 18460: 18455: 18450: 18445: 18440: 18435: 18430: 18425: 18420: 18415: 18410: 18405: 18400: 18395: 18390: 18385: 18380: 18375: 18370: 18365: 18360: 18355: 18350: 18345: 18339: 18337: 18329: 18328: 18323: 18322: 18315: 18308: 18300: 18291: 18290: 18287: 18286: 18269: 18256: 18247: 18233:Canary Islands 18229: 18228: 18226: 18221: 18218: 18217: 18215: 18214: 18209: 18203: 18201: 18196: 18193: 18192: 18190: 18189: 18184: 18179: 18174: 18169: 18164: 18159: 18154: 18149: 18144: 18139: 18134: 18129: 18124: 18119: 18114: 18109: 18104: 18099: 18094: 18089: 18084: 18079: 18074: 18069: 18064: 18059: 18054: 18049: 18044: 18039: 18034: 18029: 18024: 18019: 18014: 18009: 18004: 17999: 17994: 17989: 17984: 17979: 17974: 17969: 17964: 17959: 17954: 17949: 17944: 17939: 17934: 17929: 17924: 17918: 17916: 17912: 17911: 17904: 17903: 17896: 17889: 17881: 17872: 17871: 17869: 17868: 17857: 17854: 17853: 17850: 17849: 17846: 17845: 17843: 17842: 17837: 17832: 17827: 17825:Ottoman Empire 17822: 17817: 17812: 17810:Ancient Greece 17807: 17801: 17799: 17795: 17794: 17792: 17791: 17786: 17784:United Kingdom 17781: 17776: 17771: 17766: 17761: 17756: 17751: 17746: 17741: 17736: 17731: 17726: 17721: 17716: 17711: 17706: 17701: 17695: 17693: 17687: 17686: 17683: 17682: 17680: 17679: 17677:Home-ownership 17674: 17669: 17663: 17661: 17655: 17654: 17652: 17651: 17646: 17641: 17636: 17630: 17628: 17622: 17621: 17619: 17618: 17617: 17616: 17611: 17601: 17600: 17599: 17594: 17589: 17579: 17578: 17577: 17572: 17567: 17556: 17554: 17548: 17547: 17545: 17544: 17539: 17534: 17532:American Dream 17529: 17523: 17517: 17507: 17506: 17494: 17493: 17490: 17489: 17486: 17485: 17482: 17481: 17479: 17478: 17473: 17464: 17459: 17454: 17445: 17436: 17431: 17426: 17420: 17418: 17412: 17411: 17409: 17408: 17403: 17398: 17393: 17388: 17383: 17377: 17375: 17369: 17368: 17366: 17365: 17360: 17355: 17350: 17349: 17348: 17337: 17335: 17329: 17328: 17326: 17325: 17319: 17317: 17311: 17310: 17308: 17307: 17300: 17291: 17286: 17281: 17276: 17275: 17274: 17269: 17259: 17254: 17249: 17244: 17238: 17236: 17230: 17229: 17227: 17226: 17217: 17212: 17207: 17202: 17197: 17192: 17187: 17182: 17177: 17172: 17167: 17162: 17156: 17154: 17148: 17147: 17145: 17144: 17139: 17134: 17129: 17128: 17127: 17116: 17114: 17108: 17107: 17105: 17104: 17099: 17098: 17097: 17092: 17091: 17090: 17075: 17074: 17073: 17068: 17060: 17059: 17058: 17048: 17043: 17038: 17037: 17036: 17025: 17023: 17014: 17010: 17009: 17007: 17006: 17001: 16996: 16991: 16986: 16981: 16975: 16973: 16965: 16964: 16962: 16961: 16956: 16951: 16946: 16944:Migrant worker 16941: 16936: 16935: 16934: 16924: 16923: 16922: 16917: 16912: 16907: 16897: 16896: 16895: 16890: 16880: 16874: 16872: 16864: 16863: 16860:By demographic 16851: 16850: 16847: 16846: 16844: 16843: 16840:Status Anxiety 16836: 16831: 16826: 16821: 16816: 16811: 16806: 16801: 16796: 16794:Ranked society 16791: 16786: 16773: 16768: 16763: 16758: 16753: 16748: 16743: 16738: 16736:Class conflict 16733: 16728: 16722: 16720: 16719: topics 16714: 16713: 16711: 16710: 16705: 16700: 16695: 16693:Mudsill theory 16690: 16685: 16680: 16674: 16672: 16664: 16663: 16661: 16660: 16653: 16646: 16638: 16635: 16634: 16631: 16630: 16624: 16621: 16620: 16613: 16606: 16598: 16589: 16588: 16578: 16575: 16574: 16569: 16568: 16566: 16565: 16560: 16554: 16552: 16548: 16547: 16545: 16544: 16539: 16534: 16529: 16524: 16519: 16513: 16511: 16507: 16506: 16499: 16498: 16491: 16484: 16476: 16458: 16456: 16452: 16451: 16448: 16447: 16445: 16444: 16439: 16432: 16430: 16426: 16425: 16423: 16422: 16416: 16414: 16407: 16403: 16402: 16400: 16399: 16394: 16388: 16383: 16378: 16372: 16366: 16360: 16354: 16347: 16345: 16341: 16340: 16337: 16336: 16334: 16333: 16327: 16321: 16316: 16310: 16308: 16304: 16303: 16301: 16300: 16295: 16290: 16285: 16283:Physical abuse 16280: 16275: 16269: 16267: 16260: 16256: 16255: 16252: 16251: 16249: 16248: 16243: 16238: 16232: 16227: 16222: 16217: 16211: 16209: 16205: 16204: 16202: 16201: 16199:Water scarcity 16196: 16191: 16186: 16181: 16176: 16171: 16166: 16164:Income deficit 16161: 16156: 16154:Housing stress 16151: 16146: 16144:Energy poverty 16141: 16136: 16131: 16125: 16123: 16116: 16112: 16111: 16108: 16107: 16105: 16104: 16099: 16094: 16089: 16084: 16079: 16073: 16071: 16064: 16060: 16059: 16056: 16055: 16053: 16052: 16046: 16044: 16040: 16039: 16037: 16036: 16031: 16026: 16021: 16016: 16011: 16006: 16001: 15996: 15991: 15989:Mental illness 15986: 15981: 15976: 15971: 15966: 15961: 15956: 15951: 15946: 15940: 15938: 15931: 15927: 15926: 15914: 15913: 15906: 15899: 15891: 15882: 15881: 15879: 15878: 15869: 15865: 15862: 15861: 15856: 15855: 15853: 15852: 15847: 15841: 15839: 15835: 15834: 15832: 15831: 15826: 15821: 15816: 15814:Dracunculiasis 15811: 15806: 15801: 15799:Chagas disease 15796: 15790: 15788: 15782: 15781: 15779: 15778: 15773: 15768: 15763: 15758: 15753: 15748: 15742: 15740: 15734: 15733: 15726: 15725: 15718: 15711: 15703: 15697: 15696: 15691: 15686: 15681: 15676: 15671: 15666: 15661: 15656: 15650: 15645: 15640: 15635: 15630: 15625: 15620: 15615: 15610: 15605: 15599: 15597: 15593: 15592: 15589: 15588: 15586: 15585: 15580: 15575: 15570: 15565: 15560: 15555: 15550: 15545: 15540: 15535: 15530: 15525: 15520: 15515: 15510: 15504: 15502: 15498: 15497: 15495: 15494: 15489: 15483: 15481: 15477: 15476: 15474: 15473: 15471:United Kingdom 15468: 15463: 15458: 15453: 15448: 15443: 15438: 15433: 15428: 15423: 15418: 15413: 15407: 15405: 15401: 15400: 15398: 15397: 15392: 15387: 15382: 15377: 15372: 15367: 15362: 15357: 15352: 15347: 15342: 15337: 15332: 15327: 15322: 15317: 15312: 15307: 15302: 15297: 15292: 15286: 15284: 15280: 15279: 15277: 15276: 15271: 15266: 15261: 15256: 15251: 15246: 15241: 15236: 15231: 15226: 15221: 15215: 15213: 15206: 15202: 15201: 15199: 15198: 15193: 15188: 15183: 15178: 15173: 15168: 15163: 15158: 15152: 15150: 15146: 15145: 15143: 15142: 15137: 15132: 15127: 15122: 15117: 15112: 15107: 15102: 15097: 15092: 15087: 15082: 15077: 15071: 15069: 15065: 15064: 15057: 15056: 15049: 15042: 15034: 15028: 15027: 15022: 15017: 15012: 15007: 15002: 14997: 14984: 14978: 14972: 14963: 14957: 14951:United Nations 14948: 14942: 14933: 14927: 14921: 14915: 14909: 14898: 14897:External links 14895: 14893: 14892: 14882: 14870: 14863: 14836: 14826: 14819: 14809: 14795: 14780:Roy, Arundhati 14777: 14759: 14743: 14726: 14712: 14695:Prashad, Vijay 14692: 14671: 14664: 14651: 14630: 14623: 14601: 14585:Cato Institute 14571:Hamowy, Ronald 14562: 14557:Iceland, John 14555: 14527: 14510: 14503: 14486: 14479: 14473: 14451: 14444: 14438: 14425: 14421: 14414: 14407: 14389: 14386: 14380: 14367: 14357: 14351: 14336: 14334: 14331: 14329: 14328: 14309: 14307: 14304: 14301: 14298: 14297: 14252: 14223: 14219:Ecclesiam Suam 14210: 14195: 14177: 14146: 14124: 14094: 14064: 14049: 14031: 14004:(3): 731–755. 13984: 13948: 13930:978-1785152498 13929: 13909: 13882: 13846: 13820: 13791: 13784: 13766: 13740: 13733: 13715: 13686: 13638: 13608: 13566:(2): 132–145. 13543: 13515: 13485: 13454: 13377: 13351: 13325: 13295: 13269: 13247: 13233: 13215: 13201: 13176: 13123: 13108: 13075: 13045: 13015: 12985: 12958: 12875: 12832: 12807: 12778: 12755: 12728:(2): 204–207. 12708: 12677: 12641: 12636:Democracy Now! 12616: 12585: 12554: 12523: 12493: 12467: 12441: 12419: 12412: 12380: 12354: 12328: 12298: 12267: 12263:Macroeconomics 12254: 12243:on 24 May 2011 12228: 12209: 12189: 12163: 12138: 12109: 12077: 12051: 12021: 11991: 11980:on 14 May 2013 11958: 11928: 11899: 11865: 11853: 11846: 11828: 11821: 11800: 11793: 11772: 11761: 11736: 11713: 11694:(5): 557–572. 11674: 11661:10.3386/w21340 11632: 11602: 11571: 11520: 11495: 11465: 11434: 11408: 11336: 11319: 11295: 11265: 11216: 11191: 11165: 11127: 11116:on 25 May 2010 11096: 11067: 11036: 11005: 10974: 10943: 10912: 10875: 10841: 10811: 10781: 10751: 10740:on 27 May 2011 10725: 10701: 10670: 10634: 10602: 10588: 10568: 10544: 10511: 10485: 10459: 10411: 10381: 10364:New York Times 10352: 10322: 10292: 10269:Prabhat, Jha. 10261: 10230: 10204: 10174: 10143: 10124: 10092: 10064: 10038: 10019:(3): 423–443. 9999: 9972: 9953:(1): 110–125. 9937: 9908: 9871: 9852:(2): 105–140. 9836: 9811: 9778: 9751: 9713: 9680: 9648: 9615: 9590: 9572: 9538:(5): 833–841. 9518: 9511: 9493: 9469: 9441: 9423: 9411:www.unicef.org 9398: 9381: 9346: 9315: 9289: 9263: 9232: 9206: 9193: 9180: 9176:Social Change. 9167: 9135: 9123:www.unicef.org 9110: 9108: 9107: 9081: 9055: 9041: 9014: 8977:(3): 203–214. 8957: 8931: 8906: 8857: 8832: 8782: 8760: 8733: 8698: 8676: 8650: 8617: 8587: 8572: 8557: 8539: 8478: 8475:. 20 May 2022. 8460: 8449:on 21 May 2008 8434: 8404: 8374: 8344: 8335: 8326: 8312: 8290: 8264:(2): 300–313. 8241: 8228: 8215: 8177: 8158: 8135: 8116:Jensen, Eric. 8108: 8096: 8066: 8053: 8033: 8015: 7985: 7942:(3): 274–283. 7926: 7899:(1): 175–185. 7879:(3): 274–283. 7863: 7844:(5): 793–801. 7827: 7792: 7761: 7730: 7704: 7692: 7652: 7621: 7590: 7559: 7529: 7503: 7473: 7402: 7374: 7351: 7325: 7295: 7254: 7195: 7146: 7061: 7002: 6976: 6933: 6903: 6892:on 16 May 2012 6873: 6843: 6813: 6806: 6788: 6758: 6728: 6709: 6689: 6653: 6628: 6600: 6574: 6565: 6550:. World Bank. 6539: 6516:(2): 135–138. 6495: 6476: 6470:. p. 36. 6452: 6422: 6396: 6389: 6375:. p. 43. 6356: 6346: 6322: 6303: 6276: 6236: 6229: 6204: 6178: 6137: 6104: 6085: 6073:Perry (1972). 6065: 6034: 6024: 6007: 5981: 5970: 5952: 5933: 5909: 5876: 5858:Deutsche Welle 5843: 5812: 5781: 5761:The world Bank 5745: 5719: 5693: 5667: 5645: 5616: 5589: 5559: 5543: 5517: 5492: 5483: 5474: 5438:(4): 727–744. 5415: 5381: 5348: 5318: 5285: 5282:on 5 May 2012. 5261: 5228: 5202: 5195: 5177: 5170: 5152: 5120: 5084: 5077: 5057: 5046:on 12 May 2012 5031: 5005: 4990: 4981: 4968: 4941: 4909: 4868:(1): 104–114. 4848: 4818: 4811: 4793: 4767: 4738: 4712: 4701: 4669: 4654: 4611: 4600: 4556: 4553:. Vol. 5. 4538: 4526: 4490: 4481: 4462:(2): 219–231. 4446: 4414: 4383: 4357: 4326: 4296: 4249: 4223: 4194: 4168: 4148: 4121: 4095: 4053:(2): 163–184. 4040:"Dollar a day" 4030: 3997: 3964: 3932: 3925: 3901: 3886:. World Bank. 3875: 3866: 3836: 3829: 3796: 3766: 3734: 3727: 3709: 3691:dpicampaigns. 3683: 3674: 3668: 3642: 3609: 3592:www.unesco.org 3576: 3559:United Nations 3545: 3544: 3542: 3539: 3537: 3534: 3532: 3531: 3526: 3521: 3516: 3511: 3506: 3501: 3496: 3491: 3486: 3481: 3476: 3471: 3466: 3461: 3456: 3451: 3446: 3441: 3436: 3431: 3426: 3421: 3416: 3411: 3406: 3401: 3396: 3391: 3385: 3383: 3380: 3266: 3263: 3194:Green grabbing 3181: 3178: 3161: 3158: 3156: 3153: 3136:Cato Institute 3053:Matthew effect 2999: 2996: 2984: 2981: 2940: 2937: 2919:that provides 2901:Main article: 2898: 2895: 2867: 2864: 2862: 2859: 2856: 2855: 2852: 2848: 2847: 2844: 2840: 2839: 2836: 2832: 2831: 2828: 2824: 2823: 2820: 2816: 2815: 2812: 2808: 2807: 2804: 2780: 2777: 2743:tertiary level 2731:Free education 2711: 2708: 2695:mobile banking 2664:Muhammad Yunus 2630: 2627: 2578:civil services 2563: 2560: 2491:Paul Samuelson 2429: 2426: 2420: 2417: 2400:fertility rate 2381: 2378: 2368:is the use of 2334: 2331: 2213:Global Witness 2179:Conditionality 2158: 2155: 2139:micronutrients 2090:western Europe 2060:on a field of 2049: 2046: 2044: 2041: 1987: 1986: 1948: 1946: 1939: 1920:Main article: 1917: 1914: 1910:early marriage 1814: 1811: 1788: 1785: 1772:energy poverty 1758:United Nations 1738:energy poverty 1722: 1718:Energy poverty 1714: 1712: 1709: 1696: 1693: 1676: 1673: 1645:Gentrification 1633:Higher density 1599:Gentrification 1582: 1579: 1544:early. At the 1499:urban war zone 1483: 1480: 1442: 1439: 1423:soil fertility 1382:Main article: 1367: 1364: 1321:Almost 90% of 1269: 1266: 1237: 1234: 1231: 1230: 1227: 1224: 1221: 1218: 1215: 1212: 1208: 1207: 1204: 1201: 1198: 1195: 1192: 1189: 1185: 1184: 1181: 1178: 1175: 1172: 1169: 1166: 1162: 1161: 1158: 1155: 1152: 1149: 1146: 1143: 1139: 1138: 1135: 1132: 1129: 1126: 1123: 1120: 1116: 1115: 1112: 1109: 1106: 1103: 1100: 1097: 1093: 1092: 1089: 1086: 1083: 1080: 1077: 1074: 1070: 1069: 1066: 1063: 1060: 1057: 1054: 1050: 1049: 1046: 1026:Thomas Piketty 1000:-backed rapid 869: 866: 860: 857: 825:Main article: 822: 819: 802:United Kingdom 786:social capital 728: 727: 721: 715: 709: 707: 701: 695: 689: 683: 677: 675: 669: 663: 657: 651: 645: 629: 626: 567:social context 508: 505: 408:Main article: 390: 387: 372:Main article: 361: 358: 354:European Union 342:European Union 321:United Nations 286: 283: 220:United Nations 92: 91: 82: 81: 73: 72: 71: 62: 61: 53: 52: 51: 50: 49: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 20305: 20294: 20291: 20289: 20286: 20284: 20281: 20280: 20278: 20263: 20260: 20259: 20257: 20253: 20247: 20246: 20242: 20240: 20239: 20235: 20233: 20232: 20231:The Precipice 20228: 20226: 20225: 20221: 20219: 20218: 20214: 20212: 20211: 20207: 20205: 20204: 20200: 20198: 20197: 20193: 20191: 20190: 20186: 20184: 20183: 20179: 20178: 20176: 20172: 20166: 20163: 20161: 20158: 20156: 20153: 20151: 20148: 20146: 20143: 20141: 20138: 20136: 20133: 20131: 20128: 20126: 20123: 20121: 20120:Global health 20118: 20116: 20113: 20111: 20108: 20106: 20103: 20101: 20100:Cultured meat 20098: 20096: 20093: 20091: 20088: 20087: 20085: 20081: 20075: 20072: 20070: 20067: 20065: 20062: 20060: 20057: 20055: 20052: 20050: 20047: 20045: 20042: 20040: 20037: 20035: 20032: 20030: 20027: 20025: 20024:Good Ventures 20022: 20020: 20017: 20015: 20012: 20010: 20007: 20005: 20002: 20000: 19997: 19995: 19992: 19990: 19987: 19985: 19982: 19980: 19977: 19975: 19972: 19970: 19967: 19965: 19962: 19960: 19957: 19955: 19952: 19950: 19947: 19945: 19942: 19940: 19939:Animal Ethics 19937: 19935: 19932: 19929: 19927: 19924: 19922: 19919: 19918: 19916: 19914:Organizations 19912: 19906: 19903: 19901: 19898: 19896: 19893: 19891: 19888: 19886: 19883: 19881: 19878: 19876: 19873: 19871: 19868: 19866: 19863: 19861: 19858: 19856: 19853: 19851: 19848: 19846: 19843: 19842: 19840: 19836: 19830: 19827: 19825: 19822: 19820: 19817: 19815: 19812: 19810: 19807: 19805: 19802: 19800: 19797: 19795: 19792: 19790: 19787: 19785: 19782: 19780: 19777: 19775: 19772: 19770: 19767: 19765: 19762: 19760: 19757: 19756: 19754: 19750: 19746: 19739: 19734: 19732: 19727: 19725: 19720: 19719: 19716: 19704: 19701: 19699: 19696: 19694: 19691: 19689: 19686: 19684: 19681: 19679: 19678:New Caledonia 19676: 19674: 19671: 19669: 19666: 19664: 19661: 19659: 19658:Easter Island 19656: 19654: 19651: 19649: 19646: 19644: 19641: 19639: 19636: 19635: 19633: 19627: 19621: 19618: 19616: 19613: 19612: 19610: 19604: 19598: 19595: 19593: 19590: 19588: 19585: 19583: 19580: 19578: 19575: 19573: 19570: 19568: 19565: 19563: 19560: 19558: 19555: 19553: 19550: 19548: 19545: 19543: 19540: 19538: 19535: 19533: 19530: 19529: 19527: 19523: 19514: 19509: 19507: 19502: 19500: 19495: 19494: 19491: 19479: 19476: 19474: 19471: 19469: 19466: 19464: 19461: 19459: 19456: 19454: 19453:Faroe Islands 19451: 19449: 19446: 19445: 19443: 19437: 19431: 19428: 19426: 19425:South Ossetia 19423: 19421: 19418: 19416: 19413: 19411: 19408: 19407: 19405: 19399: 19393: 19390: 19388: 19385: 19383: 19380: 19378: 19375: 19373: 19370: 19368: 19365: 19363: 19360: 19358: 19355: 19353: 19350: 19348: 19345: 19343: 19340: 19338: 19335: 19333: 19330: 19328: 19325: 19323: 19320: 19318: 19315: 19313: 19310: 19308: 19305: 19303: 19300: 19298: 19295: 19293: 19290: 19288: 19285: 19283: 19280: 19278: 19277:Liechtenstein 19275: 19273: 19270: 19268: 19265: 19263: 19260: 19258: 19256: 19253: 19251: 19248: 19246: 19243: 19241: 19238: 19236: 19233: 19231: 19228: 19226: 19223: 19221: 19218: 19216: 19213: 19211: 19208: 19206: 19203: 19201: 19198: 19196: 19193: 19191: 19188: 19186: 19183: 19181: 19178: 19176: 19173: 19171: 19168: 19166: 19163: 19161: 19158: 19156: 19153: 19151: 19148: 19147: 19145: 19141: 19132: 19127: 19125: 19120: 19118: 19113: 19112: 19109: 19097: 19093: 19089: 19087: 19079: 19078: 19075: 19069: 19066: 19064: 19061: 19059: 19056: 19054: 19051: 19049: 19046: 19045: 19043: 19038: 19034: 19028: 19025: 19023: 19022:South Ossetia 19020: 19018: 19015: 19013: 19010: 19008: 19005: 19004: 19002: 19000: 18994: 18988: 18985: 18983: 18980: 18978: 18975: 18973: 18970: 18968: 18965: 18963: 18960: 18958: 18955: 18953: 18950: 18948: 18945: 18943: 18940: 18938: 18935: 18933: 18930: 18928: 18925: 18923: 18920: 18918: 18915: 18913: 18910: 18908: 18905: 18903: 18900: 18898: 18895: 18893: 18890: 18888: 18885: 18883: 18880: 18878: 18875: 18873: 18870: 18868: 18865: 18863: 18860: 18858: 18855: 18853: 18850: 18848: 18845: 18843: 18840: 18838: 18835: 18833: 18830: 18828: 18825: 18823: 18820: 18818: 18815: 18813: 18810: 18808: 18805: 18803: 18800: 18798: 18795: 18793: 18790: 18788: 18785: 18783: 18780: 18778: 18775: 18773: 18770: 18768: 18765: 18763: 18760: 18758: 18755: 18753: 18750: 18748: 18745: 18744: 18742: 18740: 18736: 18727: 18722: 18720: 18715: 18713: 18708: 18707: 18704: 18692: 18691: 18690:South America 18687: 18685: 18683: 18681: 18679: 18676: 18674: 18671: 18669: 18668:North America 18666: 18665: 18662: 18656: 18653: 18651: 18648: 18646: 18643: 18641: 18638: 18636: 18633: 18631: 18628: 18626: 18623: 18621: 18618: 18616: 18613: 18611: 18608: 18606: 18603: 18601: 18598: 18596: 18593: 18591: 18588: 18586: 18585:French Guiana 18583: 18581: 18578: 18576: 18573: 18571: 18568: 18566: 18563: 18561: 18558: 18556: 18553: 18551: 18548: 18546: 18543: 18542: 18540: 18538: 18533: 18529: 18524: 18514: 18511: 18509: 18506: 18504: 18503:United States 18501: 18499: 18496: 18494: 18491: 18489: 18486: 18484: 18481: 18479: 18476: 18474: 18471: 18469: 18466: 18464: 18461: 18459: 18456: 18454: 18451: 18449: 18446: 18444: 18441: 18439: 18436: 18434: 18431: 18429: 18426: 18424: 18421: 18419: 18416: 18414: 18411: 18409: 18406: 18404: 18401: 18399: 18396: 18394: 18391: 18389: 18386: 18384: 18381: 18379: 18376: 18374: 18371: 18369: 18366: 18364: 18361: 18359: 18356: 18354: 18351: 18349: 18346: 18344: 18341: 18340: 18338: 18336: 18330: 18321: 18316: 18314: 18309: 18307: 18302: 18301: 18298: 18281: 18277: 18273: 18270: 18264: 18260: 18257: 18251: 18248: 18242: 18238: 18234: 18231: 18230: 18227: 18219: 18213: 18210: 18208: 18205: 18204: 18202: 18194: 18188: 18185: 18183: 18180: 18178: 18175: 18173: 18170: 18168: 18165: 18163: 18160: 18158: 18155: 18153: 18150: 18148: 18145: 18143: 18140: 18138: 18135: 18133: 18130: 18128: 18125: 18123: 18120: 18118: 18115: 18113: 18110: 18108: 18105: 18103: 18100: 18098: 18095: 18093: 18090: 18088: 18085: 18083: 18080: 18078: 18075: 18073: 18070: 18068: 18065: 18063: 18060: 18058: 18055: 18053: 18050: 18048: 18045: 18043: 18040: 18038: 18037:Guinea-Bissau 18035: 18033: 18030: 18028: 18025: 18023: 18020: 18018: 18015: 18013: 18010: 18008: 18005: 18003: 18000: 17998: 17995: 17993: 17990: 17988: 17985: 17983: 17980: 17978: 17975: 17973: 17970: 17968: 17965: 17963: 17960: 17958: 17955: 17953: 17950: 17948: 17945: 17943: 17940: 17938: 17935: 17933: 17930: 17928: 17925: 17923: 17920: 17919: 17917: 17913: 17909: 17902: 17897: 17895: 17890: 17888: 17883: 17882: 17879: 17867: 17859: 17858: 17855: 17841: 17838: 17836: 17833: 17831: 17828: 17826: 17823: 17821: 17818: 17816: 17813: 17811: 17808: 17806: 17803: 17802: 17800: 17796: 17790: 17789:United States 17787: 17785: 17782: 17780: 17777: 17775: 17772: 17770: 17767: 17765: 17762: 17760: 17757: 17755: 17752: 17750: 17747: 17745: 17742: 17740: 17737: 17735: 17732: 17730: 17727: 17725: 17722: 17720: 17717: 17715: 17712: 17710: 17707: 17705: 17702: 17700: 17697: 17696: 17694: 17690:Other regions 17688: 17678: 17675: 17673: 17670: 17668: 17665: 17664: 17662: 17660: 17656: 17650: 17647: 17645: 17642: 17640: 17637: 17635: 17632: 17631: 17629: 17627: 17623: 17615: 17612: 17610: 17607: 17606: 17605: 17602: 17598: 17595: 17593: 17590: 17588: 17585: 17584: 17583: 17580: 17576: 17573: 17571: 17568: 17566: 17563: 17562: 17561: 17558: 17557: 17555: 17553: 17549: 17543: 17540: 17538: 17535: 17533: 17530: 17528: 17525: 17524: 17521: 17518: 17516: 17515:United States 17512: 17508: 17499: 17495: 17477: 17474: 17472: 17468: 17465: 17463: 17460: 17458: 17455: 17453: 17449: 17446: 17444: 17440: 17437: 17435: 17432: 17430: 17427: 17425: 17422: 17421: 17419: 17417: 17413: 17407: 17404: 17402: 17399: 17397: 17394: 17392: 17389: 17387: 17384: 17382: 17379: 17378: 17376: 17374: 17370: 17364: 17361: 17359: 17356: 17354: 17351: 17347: 17344: 17343: 17342: 17339: 17338: 17336: 17334: 17330: 17324: 17321: 17320: 17318: 17316: 17312: 17306: 17305: 17301: 17298: 17297: 17292: 17290: 17287: 17285: 17282: 17280: 17277: 17273: 17270: 17268: 17265: 17264: 17263: 17260: 17258: 17255: 17253: 17250: 17248: 17245: 17243: 17240: 17239: 17237: 17235: 17231: 17225: 17221: 17218: 17216: 17213: 17211: 17208: 17206: 17203: 17201: 17198: 17196: 17193: 17191: 17188: 17186: 17183: 17181: 17178: 17176: 17173: 17171: 17168: 17166: 17163: 17161: 17158: 17157: 17155: 17153: 17149: 17143: 17140: 17138: 17135: 17133: 17130: 17126: 17123: 17122: 17121: 17118: 17117: 17115: 17113: 17109: 17103: 17100: 17096: 17093: 17089: 17086: 17085: 17084: 17081: 17080: 17079: 17076: 17072: 17069: 17067: 17064: 17063: 17061: 17057: 17054: 17053: 17052: 17049: 17047: 17044: 17042: 17039: 17035: 17032: 17031: 17030: 17027: 17026: 17024: 17022: 17018: 17015: 17011: 17005: 17002: 17000: 16997: 16995: 16992: 16990: 16987: 16985: 16982: 16980: 16977: 16976: 16974: 16971: 16966: 16960: 16957: 16955: 16954:Socioeconomic 16952: 16950: 16947: 16945: 16942: 16940: 16937: 16933: 16930: 16929: 16928: 16925: 16921: 16918: 16916: 16913: 16911: 16908: 16906: 16903: 16902: 16901: 16898: 16894: 16891: 16889: 16886: 16885: 16884: 16881: 16879: 16876: 16875: 16873: 16869: 16865: 16856: 16852: 16842: 16841: 16837: 16835: 16832: 16830: 16829:Social stigma 16827: 16825: 16822: 16820: 16819:Social orphan 16817: 16815: 16812: 16810: 16807: 16805: 16802: 16800: 16797: 16795: 16792: 16790: 16787: 16785: 16784: 16779: 16778: 16777:Nouveau riche 16774: 16772: 16769: 16767: 16764: 16762: 16759: 16757: 16754: 16752: 16751:Class traitor 16749: 16747: 16746:Class society 16744: 16742: 16739: 16737: 16734: 16732: 16729: 16727: 16724: 16723: 16721: 16715: 16709: 16706: 16704: 16701: 16699: 16696: 16694: 16691: 16689: 16686: 16684: 16683:Gilbert model 16681: 16679: 16676: 16675: 16673: 16669: 16665: 16659: 16658: 16654: 16652: 16651: 16647: 16645: 16644: 16640: 16639: 16636: 16629: 16626: 16625: 16619: 16614: 16612: 16607: 16605: 16600: 16599: 16596: 16586: 16582: 16576: 16564: 16561: 16559: 16556: 16555: 16553: 16549: 16543: 16540: 16538: 16535: 16533: 16530: 16528: 16525: 16523: 16520: 16518: 16515: 16514: 16512: 16508: 16504: 16497: 16492: 16490: 16485: 16483: 16478: 16477: 16474: 16470: 16466: 16462: 16457: 16453: 16443: 16440: 16437: 16434: 16433: 16431: 16427: 16421: 16418: 16417: 16415: 16411: 16408: 16404: 16398: 16395: 16392: 16389: 16387: 16384: 16382: 16379: 16376: 16373: 16370: 16367: 16364: 16361: 16358: 16355: 16352: 16349: 16348: 16346: 16342: 16331: 16328: 16325: 16322: 16320: 16317: 16315: 16312: 16311: 16309: 16305: 16299: 16296: 16294: 16291: 16289: 16286: 16284: 16281: 16279: 16276: 16274: 16271: 16270: 16268: 16264: 16261: 16257: 16247: 16244: 16242: 16239: 16236: 16233: 16231: 16228: 16226: 16223: 16221: 16218: 16216: 16213: 16212: 16210: 16206: 16200: 16197: 16195: 16192: 16190: 16187: 16185: 16182: 16180: 16177: 16175: 16172: 16170: 16167: 16165: 16162: 16160: 16157: 16155: 16152: 16150: 16147: 16145: 16142: 16140: 16137: 16135: 16132: 16130: 16129:Asset poverty 16127: 16126: 16124: 16120: 16117: 16113: 16103: 16100: 16098: 16095: 16093: 16090: 16088: 16085: 16083: 16080: 16078: 16075: 16074: 16072: 16068: 16065: 16063:Psychological 16061: 16051: 16048: 16047: 16045: 16041: 16035: 16034:Vulnerability 16032: 16030: 16027: 16025: 16022: 16020: 16017: 16015: 16014:Social stigma 16012: 16010: 16007: 16005: 16002: 16000: 15997: 15995: 15992: 15990: 15987: 15985: 15982: 15980: 15977: 15975: 15972: 15970: 15967: 15965: 15962: 15960: 15957: 15955: 15954:Disadvantaged 15952: 15950: 15947: 15945: 15942: 15941: 15939: 15935: 15932: 15928: 15923: 15919: 15912: 15907: 15905: 15900: 15898: 15893: 15892: 15889: 15877: 15873: 15870: 15867: 15866: 15863: 15851: 15848: 15846: 15843: 15842: 15840: 15838:Miscellaneous 15836: 15830: 15827: 15825: 15824:Leishmaniasis 15822: 15820: 15817: 15815: 15812: 15810: 15807: 15805: 15802: 15800: 15797: 15795: 15792: 15791: 15789: 15787: 15783: 15777: 15774: 15772: 15769: 15767: 15764: 15762: 15759: 15757: 15754: 15752: 15749: 15747: 15744: 15743: 15741: 15739: 15735: 15731: 15724: 15719: 15717: 15712: 15710: 15705: 15704: 15701: 15695: 15692: 15690: 15687: 15685: 15682: 15680: 15677: 15675: 15672: 15670: 15667: 15665: 15662: 15660: 15657: 15654: 15651: 15649: 15646: 15644: 15641: 15639: 15636: 15634: 15631: 15629: 15626: 15624: 15621: 15619: 15616: 15614: 15611: 15609: 15606: 15604: 15601: 15600: 15598: 15594: 15584: 15581: 15579: 15576: 15574: 15573:United States 15571: 15569: 15566: 15564: 15561: 15559: 15556: 15554: 15551: 15549: 15546: 15544: 15541: 15539: 15536: 15534: 15531: 15529: 15526: 15524: 15521: 15519: 15516: 15514: 15511: 15509: 15506: 15505: 15503: 15499: 15493: 15490: 15488: 15485: 15484: 15482: 15478: 15472: 15469: 15467: 15464: 15462: 15459: 15457: 15454: 15452: 15449: 15447: 15444: 15442: 15439: 15437: 15434: 15432: 15429: 15427: 15424: 15422: 15419: 15417: 15414: 15412: 15409: 15408: 15406: 15402: 15396: 15393: 15391: 15388: 15386: 15383: 15381: 15378: 15376: 15373: 15371: 15368: 15366: 15363: 15361: 15358: 15356: 15353: 15351: 15348: 15346: 15343: 15341: 15338: 15336: 15333: 15331: 15328: 15326: 15323: 15321: 15318: 15316: 15313: 15311: 15308: 15306: 15303: 15301: 15298: 15296: 15293: 15291: 15288: 15287: 15285: 15281: 15275: 15272: 15270: 15267: 15265: 15262: 15260: 15257: 15255: 15252: 15250: 15247: 15245: 15242: 15240: 15237: 15235: 15232: 15230: 15227: 15225: 15222: 15220: 15217: 15216: 15214: 15210: 15207: 15203: 15197: 15194: 15192: 15189: 15187: 15184: 15182: 15179: 15177: 15174: 15172: 15169: 15167: 15164: 15162: 15159: 15157: 15154: 15153: 15151: 15147: 15141: 15138: 15136: 15133: 15131: 15128: 15126: 15123: 15121: 15118: 15116: 15113: 15111: 15108: 15106: 15105:Child poverty 15103: 15101: 15098: 15096: 15093: 15091: 15088: 15086: 15083: 15081: 15078: 15076: 15073: 15072: 15070: 15066: 15062: 15055: 15050: 15048: 15043: 15041: 15036: 15035: 15032: 15026: 15023: 15021: 15018: 15016: 15013: 15011: 15008: 15006: 15003: 15001: 14998: 14995: 14993: 14988: 14985: 14982: 14979: 14976: 14973: 14971: 14967: 14964: 14961: 14958: 14956: 14952: 14949: 14946: 14943: 14940: 14937: 14934: 14931: 14928: 14925: 14922: 14919: 14916: 14913: 14910: 14908: 14904: 14901: 14900: 14890: 14886: 14883: 14881: 14877: 14874: 14871: 14868: 14864: 14859: 14854: 14850: 14846: 14842: 14837: 14834: 14830: 14827: 14824: 14820: 14817: 14813: 14810: 14807: 14803: 14799: 14796: 14793: 14789: 14785: 14781: 14778: 14772: 14768: 14764: 14760: 14757: 14753: 14752: 14747: 14744: 14742: 14738: 14734: 14730: 14727: 14724: 14722: 14717: 14713: 14711: 14707: 14704:, June 2014. 14703: 14700: 14696: 14693: 14689: 14685: 14681: 14677: 14672: 14669: 14665: 14661: 14657: 14652: 14648: 14644: 14640: 14636: 14631: 14628: 14624: 14620: 14616: 14612: 14608: 14604: 14598: 14594: 14590: 14586: 14582: 14578: 14577: 14572: 14568: 14563: 14560: 14556: 14553: 14549: 14545: 14542: 14540: 14536: 14533: 14528: 14526: 14522: 14518: 14515: 14511: 14508: 14504: 14501: 14497: 14494: 14490: 14487: 14484: 14480: 14476: 14470: 14466: 14462: 14461: 14456: 14452: 14449: 14445: 14441: 14435: 14431: 14426: 14422: 14419: 14418:Social Forces 14415: 14412: 14408: 14405: 14401: 14397: 14394: 14390: 14387: 14383: 14377: 14373: 14368: 14365: 14361: 14358: 14355: 14352: 14349: 14345: 14342: 14338: 14337: 14326: 14325: 14320: 14315: 14311: 14310: 14285: 14280: 14275: 14271: 14267: 14263: 14256: 14240: 14236: 14230: 14228: 14220: 14214: 14206: 14202: 14198: 14192: 14188: 14181: 14165: 14161: 14157: 14150: 14143: 14140: 14136: 14133: 14128: 14112: 14108: 14104: 14098: 14082: 14078: 14074: 14068: 14060: 14056: 14052: 14046: 14042: 14035: 14027: 14023: 14019: 14015: 14011: 14007: 14003: 13999: 13995: 13988: 13969: 13965: 13958: 13952: 13936: 13932: 13926: 13922: 13921: 13913: 13897: 13893: 13886: 13867: 13860: 13858: 13850: 13834: 13830: 13824: 13808: 13807:HumanProgress 13804: 13798: 13796: 13787: 13781: 13777: 13770: 13755: 13751: 13744: 13736: 13730: 13726: 13719: 13704: 13700: 13693: 13691: 13682: 13678: 13673: 13668: 13664: 13660: 13659: 13654: 13647: 13645: 13643: 13626: 13622: 13618: 13612: 13593: 13589: 13585: 13581: 13577: 13573: 13569: 13565: 13561: 13554: 13547: 13531: 13527: 13526: 13519: 13503: 13499: 13495: 13489: 13473: 13469: 13465: 13458: 13450: 13446: 13442: 13434: 13430: 13425: 13420: 13416: 13412: 13408: 13404: 13400: 13396: 13392: 13384: 13382: 13366: 13362: 13355: 13339: 13335: 13329: 13313: 13309: 13305: 13299: 13283: 13279: 13273: 13257: 13251: 13243: 13237: 13229: 13225: 13219: 13211: 13205: 13190: 13186: 13180: 13172: 13168: 13163: 13158: 13154: 13150: 13146: 13142: 13138: 13134: 13127: 13119: 13112: 13096: 13092: 13088: 13082: 13080: 13063: 13059: 13055: 13049: 13033: 13029: 13025: 13019: 13003: 12999: 12995: 12989: 12973: 12969: 12962: 12950: 12942: 12935: 12934: 12929: 12925: 12918: 12914: 12910: 12906: 12902: 12898: 12895:: 4006–4022. 12894: 12890: 12886: 12879: 12871: 12867: 12863: 12859: 12855: 12851: 12847: 12843: 12836: 12822: 12818: 12811: 12796: 12789: 12782: 12766: 12759: 12751: 12747: 12743: 12739: 12735: 12731: 12727: 12723: 12719: 12712: 12696: 12692: 12688: 12681: 12665: 12661: 12657: 12650: 12648: 12646: 12638: 12637: 12632: 12628: 12625: 12620: 12604: 12600: 12596: 12589: 12573: 12569: 12565: 12558: 12542: 12538: 12534: 12527: 12511: 12507: 12506:The Economist 12503: 12497: 12481: 12477: 12471: 12455: 12451: 12445: 12429: 12423: 12415: 12409: 12405: 12401: 12397: 12393: 12392: 12384: 12368: 12364: 12358: 12342: 12338: 12332: 12316: 12312: 12308: 12302: 12286: 12282: 12278: 12271: 12264: 12258: 12242: 12238: 12232: 12216: 12212: 12206: 12202: 12201: 12193: 12177: 12173: 12167: 12152: 12148: 12142: 12127: 12123: 12116: 12114: 12097: 12093: 12092: 12087: 12081: 12065: 12061: 12055: 12039: 12035: 12031: 12025: 12009: 12005: 12001: 11995: 11976: 11969: 11962: 11946: 11942: 11938: 11932: 11916: 11912: 11906: 11904: 11896: 11884: 11880: 11876: 11869: 11862: 11857: 11849: 11843: 11839: 11832: 11824: 11818: 11814: 11810: 11804: 11796: 11790: 11786: 11782: 11776: 11769: 11764: 11758: 11754: 11747: 11745: 11743: 11741: 11733: 11729: 11726: 11722: 11717: 11709: 11705: 11701: 11697: 11693: 11689: 11685: 11678: 11670: 11666: 11662: 11658: 11654: 11650: 11643: 11636: 11620: 11616: 11612: 11606: 11590: 11586: 11582: 11575: 11559: 11555: 11551: 11547: 11543: 11539: 11535: 11531: 11524: 11510: 11509:en.unesco.org 11506: 11499: 11483: 11479: 11475: 11469: 11453: 11449: 11445: 11438: 11422: 11418: 11412: 11405: 11400: 11396: 11392: 11388: 11384: 11380: 11376: 11372: 11368: 11364: 11363: 11355: 11351: 11347: 11340: 11333: 11329: 11323: 11316: 11312: 11308: 11305: 11299: 11283: 11279: 11278:www.unfpa.org 11275: 11269: 11261: 11257: 11253: 11249: 11244: 11239: 11235: 11231: 11227: 11220: 11205: 11201: 11195: 11179: 11175: 11169: 11153: 11149: 11145: 11141: 11140:The Economist 11137: 11131: 11115: 11111: 11107: 11100: 11084: 11080: 11074: 11072: 11055: 11051: 11047: 11040: 11024: 11020: 11016: 11009: 10993: 10989: 10985: 10978: 10962: 10958: 10954: 10947: 10931: 10927: 10923: 10916: 10900: 10896: 10892: 10886: 10884: 10882: 10880: 10863: 10859: 10855: 10848: 10846: 10829: 10825: 10821: 10815: 10799: 10795: 10791: 10785: 10769: 10765: 10761: 10755: 10739: 10735: 10729: 10722: 10718: 10715: 10714:Worldbank.org 10711: 10705: 10689: 10685: 10681: 10674: 10658: 10654: 10653: 10648: 10641: 10639: 10622: 10618: 10617: 10612: 10606: 10591: 10585: 10581: 10580: 10572: 10565: 10564:The Guardian. 10561: 10557: 10554: 10548: 10532: 10528: 10527:The Economist 10524: 10518: 10516: 10499: 10495: 10489: 10473: 10469: 10463: 10448:on 6 May 2015 10444: 10440: 10436: 10432: 10425: 10418: 10416: 10399: 10395: 10391: 10385: 10369: 10365: 10362: 10356: 10340: 10336: 10332: 10326: 10310: 10306: 10302: 10296: 10280: 10276: 10272: 10265: 10249: 10245: 10241: 10234: 10218: 10214: 10208: 10192: 10188: 10184: 10178: 10162: 10158: 10154: 10147: 10140: 10136: 10133: 10128: 10122: 10118: 10114: 10113: 10109: 10106: 10101: 10096: 10080: 10076: 10075: 10068: 10052: 10048: 10042: 10034: 10030: 10026: 10022: 10018: 10014: 10010: 10003: 9985: 9984: 9976: 9968: 9964: 9960: 9956: 9952: 9948: 9941: 9934: 9930: 9926: 9919: 9912: 9896: 9892: 9885: 9878: 9876: 9867: 9863: 9859: 9855: 9851: 9847: 9840: 9826: 9822: 9815: 9808: 9796: 9789: 9782: 9768: 9764: 9763: 9755: 9740: 9736: 9732: 9728: 9724: 9717: 9701: 9697: 9696: 9691: 9684: 9668: 9664: 9663: 9658: 9652: 9636: 9632: 9631: 9626: 9619: 9604: 9600: 9594: 9583: 9576: 9561: 9557: 9553: 9549: 9545: 9541: 9537: 9533: 9529: 9522: 9514: 9508: 9504: 9497: 9490: 9486: 9483: 9479: 9473: 9462: 9458: 9451: 9445: 9437: 9435: 9427: 9412: 9408: 9402: 9391: 9385: 9377: 9373: 9369: 9365: 9361: 9357: 9350: 9334: 9330: 9326: 9319: 9303: 9299: 9293: 9278:on 1 May 2011 9277: 9273: 9267: 9251: 9247: 9243: 9236: 9220: 9216: 9210: 9203: 9197: 9190: 9184: 9177: 9171: 9152: 9145: 9139: 9124: 9120: 9114: 9105: 9101: 9098: 9094: 9093: 9091: 9085: 9069: 9066:. Usccb.org. 9065: 9059: 9052: 9048: 9044: 9038: 9034: 9030: 9026: 9018: 9010: 9006: 9002: 8998: 8993: 8988: 8984: 8980: 8976: 8972: 8968: 8961: 8945: 8941: 8935: 8926: 8921: 8917: 8910: 8902: 8898: 8893: 8888: 8884: 8880: 8876: 8872: 8868: 8861: 8846: 8842: 8836: 8828: 8824: 8820: 8816: 8812: 8808: 8804: 8800: 8796: 8789: 8787: 8767: 8763: 8757: 8753: 8746: 8745: 8737: 8718: 8711: 8710: 8702: 8683: 8679: 8673: 8666: 8665: 8657: 8655: 8638: 8634: 8628: 8626: 8624: 8622: 8605: 8601: 8600:The Economist 8597: 8591: 8584: 8583: 8576: 8568: 8564: 8560: 8554: 8550: 8543: 8535: 8531: 8527: 8523: 8518: 8513: 8509: 8505: 8501: 8497: 8493: 8489: 8482: 8474: 8470: 8464: 8448: 8444: 8438: 8422: 8418: 8414: 8408: 8392: 8388: 8384: 8378: 8362: 8358: 8357:The Economist 8354: 8348: 8339: 8330: 8315: 8309: 8305: 8301: 8294: 8279: 8275: 8271: 8267: 8263: 8259: 8252: 8245: 8238: 8232: 8225: 8219: 8203: 8199: 8195: 8188: 8186: 8184: 8182: 8165: 8161: 8155: 8151: 8150: 8142: 8140: 8123: 8119: 8112: 8103: 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1884:Philip Alston 1881: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1825: 1820: 1810: 1808: 1804: 1798: 1794: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1750: 1746: 1744: 1739: 1735: 1726: 1719: 1708: 1704: 1702: 1692: 1686: 1681: 1672: 1670: 1665: 1660: 1658: 1654: 1649: 1646: 1640: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1618: 1613: 1605: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1578: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1526: 1518: 1514: 1512: 1508: 1503: 1500: 1493: 1489: 1479: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1462: 1460: 1452: 1447: 1441:Mental health 1438: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1399: 1397: 1391: 1385: 1377: 1372: 1363: 1360: 1354: 1351: 1347: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1324: 1319: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1288: 1284: 1279: 1275: 1262: 1257: 1253: 1247: 1246:AIDS epidemic 1242: 1228: 1225: 1222: 1219: 1216: 1213: 1210: 1209: 1205: 1202: 1199: 1196: 1193: 1190: 1187: 1186: 1182: 1179: 1176: 1173: 1170: 1167: 1164: 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ASCD. 8089:21 April 8083:Archived 8045:Archived 8002:Archived 7952:Citing: 7921:28660040 7889:Citing: 7858:18810850 7814:Archived 7785:25 April 7779:Archived 7769:Martin. 7748:Archived 7681:cite web 7639:Archived 7608:Archived 7577:Archived 7546:Archived 7542:BBC News 7516:Archived 7514:. 2008. 7490:Archived 7457:36385160 7369:55519605 7318:27 April 7312:Archived 7290:28957676 7241:Archived 7237:39094476 7229:27717615 7190:27717614 7118:23990553 7056:34711679 6963:11832956 6920:Archived 6860:Archived 6856:BBC News 6830:Archived 6775:Archived 6682:15 April 6673:Archived 6552:Archived 6482:Archived 6439:Archived 6309:Archived 6287:(2017). 6215:(2017). 6191:Archived 6165:Archived 6124:Archived 6091:Archived 6052:Archived 5994:Archived 5939:Archived 5896:Archived 5863:Archived 5830:Archived 5799:Archived 5765:Archived 5732:Archived 5706:Archived 5686:8 August 5680:Archived 5651:Archived 5609:12 April 5603:Archived 5574:Archived 5458:Archived 5402:Archived 5368:Archived 5341:9 August 5335:Archived 5311:9 August 5302:Archived 5245:Archived 5215:Archived 5139:Archived 5107:Archived 5018:Archived 4957:: 1–19. 4934:9 August 4925:Archived 4896:Archived 4892:26220413 4835:Archived 4781:BBC News 4759:Archived 4725:Archived 4685:Archived 4637:19650510 4584:Archived 4549:(1776). 4439:8 August 4430:Archived 4401:Archived 4370:Archived 4344:Archived 4319:25 April 4313:Archived 4242:8 August 4236:Archived 4160:Archived 4135:Archived 4108:Archived 4079:Archived 4075:26832525 4014:Archived 3990:8 August 3981:Archived 3951:Archived 3894:23 April 3888:Archived 3853:Archived 3783:Archived 3750:Archived 3635:30 March 3629:Archived 3596:Archived 3382:See also 3310:Hinduism 3306:Buddhism 3291:(during 2971:food aid 2733:through 2687:unbanked 2679:checking 2635:Unbanked 2619:diaspora 2572:Red tape 2556:unbanked 2326:Ethiopia 2271:and the 2191:clinics. 2189:Nigerian 2153:points. 2127:diarrhea 2117:. Cheap 2062:rapeseed 1896:Zimbabwe 1853:Children 1555:Cameroon 1334:such as 849:gambling 346:Eurostat 335:survival 309:(poor). 243:children 170:clothing 148:economic 125:, Kenya; 103:disabled 20283:Poverty 19698:Tokelau 19597:Vanuatu 19387:Ukraine 19337:Romania 19297:Moldova 19255:Ireland 19250:Iceland 19245:Hungary 19235:Germany 19230:Georgia 19220:Finland 19215:Estonia 19210:Denmark 19195:Croatia 19180:Belgium 19175:Belarus 19165:Austria 19160:Armenia 19155:Andorra 19150:Albania 18982:Vietnam 18897:Myanmar 18877:Lebanon 18807:Georgia 18762:Bahrain 18752:Armenia 18575:Curaçao 18560:Bonaire 18555:Bermuda 18508:Uruguay 18448:Jamaica 18423:Grenada 18413:Ecuador 18368:Bolivia 18353:Bahamas 18263:Réunion 18259:Mayotte 18250:Madeira 18245:(Spain) 18241:Melilla 18172:Tunisia 18142:Somalia 18127:Senegal 18112:Nigeria 18102:Namibia 18092:Morocco 18057:Liberia 18052:Lesotho 18002:Eritrea 17972:Comoros 17947:Burundi 17922:Algeria 17769:Romania 17764:Nigeria 17649:Poverty 17552:Classes 17537:History 17448:Peasant 17434:Outcast 17373:Working 17353:Burgher 17210:Samurai 17200:Ocēlōtl 17160:Chhetri 17152:Warrior 17142:Scholar 17056:Russian 17046:Magnate 17034:Aristoi 17013:By type 16900:Citizen 16893:refugee 16789:Poverty 16783:Parvenu 16717:Related 16688:Marxian 16650:Stratum 16413:Topics: 16326:(DALYs) 16266:Topics: 16122:Topics: 16070:Topics: 15937:Topics: 15922:poverty 15794:Cholera 15761:Measles 15751:Malaria 15613:Welfare 15578:Uruguay 15553:Jamaica 15513:Bolivia 15480:Oceania 15466:Ukraine 15451:Romania 15436:Moldova 15421:Germany 15390:Vietnam 15345:Lebanon 15295:Armenia 15254:Nigeria 15244:Namibia 15219:Algeria 15149:Metrics 15068:Aspects 15061:Poverty 14808:, 1981. 14721:Jacobin 14573:(ed.). 14306:Sources 14245:21 June 14107:Science 13875:27 June 13813:22 July 13708:15 June 13536:24 June 13508:15 June 13424:9352590 13403:Bibcode 13344:23 June 13141:Bibcode 13101:21 June 13068:21 June 13008:21 June 12978:21 June 12750:9578996 12434:24 June 12102:6 April 12070:6 April 12044:21 June 12014:21 June 11371:Bibcode 11209:15 June 10998:22 June 10967:22 June 10663:26 July 10537:21 June 10504:21 June 10478:21 June 10345:21 June 10315:21 June 10254:21 June 10223:21 June 9967:1910545 9540:Bibcode 9416:21 June 8879:Bibcode 8807:Bibcode 8775:26 July 8726:26 July 8691:26 July 8496:Bibcode 8170:5 March 7979:8488211 7913:1685908 7614:21 June 7496:21 June 7486:fao.org 7448:9667848 7181:5884058 7126:1684186 7088:Bibcode 7079:Science 7047:8612349 7024:Bibcode 6896:26 July 6741:Who.int 6130:11 June 5712:26 July 5221:1 March 5145:29 July 5113:29 July 5024:21 June 4841:23 July 4731:19 June 4666:. 2005. 4593:26 July 4519:19 June 4476:1912718 4407:11 July 4088:11 June 4023:10 June 3859:23 July 3314:Jainism 2915:, is a 2793:malaria 2702:safer. 2698:making 2582:Bolivia 2442:Welfare 2082:Antwerp 1962:Please 1581:Shelter 1575:Namibia 1571:Lesotho 1559:Nigeria 1336:malaria 800:In the 758:, 1868. 592:or the 547:Gini = 295:poverté 291:poverty 249:or the 192:society 174:shelter 132:Poverty 115:Lucknow 107:Beijing 95:Toronto 43:welfare 20255:Events 19673:Hawaii 19592:Tuvalu 19473:Jersey 19415:Kosovo 19382:Turkey 19372:Sweden 19352:Serbia 19342:Russia 19327:Poland 19322:Norway 19302:Monaco 19272:Latvia 19240:Greece 19225:France 19200:Cyprus 19027:Taiwan 18962:Turkey 18927:Russia 18862:Kuwait 18842:Jordan 18832:Israel 18792:Cyprus 18777:Brunei 18772:Bhutan 18463:Panama 18453:Mexico 18433:Guyana 18378:Canada 18373:Brazil 18363:Belize 18335:states 18282: 18265: 18252: 18182:Zambia 18177:Uganda 18117:Rwanda 18072:Malawi 18032:Guinea 17927:Angola 17724:France 17704:Belize 17699:Africa 17626:Income 17582:Middle 17575:Gentry 17439:Outlaw 17346:Petite 17333:Middle 17267:Landed 17252:Gentry 17185:Knight 17125:Priest 17120:Clergy 17083:Family 17021:Ruling 16970:collar 16927:Clique 16643:Status 16406:Gender 16371:(PQLI) 15930:Social 15776:Plague 15659:Stress 15558:Mexico 15523:Canada 15518:Brazil 15461:Turkey 15446:Poland 15441:Norway 15426:Greece 15416:France 15411:Cyprus 15404:Europe 15335:Israel 15315:Cyprus 15269:Uganda 15212:Africa 14891:, 2004 14790: 14769: 14739: 14708: 14617: 14609: 14599: 14550: 14523: 14471: 14436: 14378: 14203: 14193: 14057: 14047: 14024: 14016: 13927: 13782: 13731: 13679: 13586: 13578: 13431: 13421: 13395:Nature 13370:28 May 13318:27 May 13288:27 May 13262:2 June 13169: 12915: 12907: 12868: 12860: 12748: 12740: 12701:28 May 12609:27 May 12578:27 May 12547:27 May 12516:27 May 12486:28 May 12460:28 May 12410: 12347:5 July 12321:5 July 12291:28 May 12247:27 May 12207: 12156:13 May 11844: 11819: 11791: 11759: 11706: 11667: 11625:28 May 11595:28 May 11552: 11488:5 July 11476:. 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The 3155:Ethics 3110:, and 2890:Goal 1 2762:anemia 2641:, and 2586:Canada 2440:, and 2374:Alaska 2303:Jersey 2289:Malawi 2254:Zambia 2177:, and 2123:deaths 2104:had a 1900:UNICEF 1875:values 1847:, and 1803:credit 1743:energy 1711:Energy 1597:, and 1530:gender 1490:, and 1384:Hunger 1378:, 2020 1366:Hunger 1308:hunger 1289:, 2016 1268:Health 1261:Somali 1223:16.3% 1220:29.3% 1217:37.9% 1214:43.6% 1211:World 1206:34.9% 1203:35.4% 1200:42.2% 1197:56.5% 1194:53.8% 1180:10.1% 1171:49.8% 1128:13.5% 1125:16.8% 1122:15.1% 1085:13.3% 1082:39.5% 1079:65.8% 1076:83.5% 1044:Region 924:UNICEF 843:among 804:, the 756:Sweden 723: 717: 711: 703: 697: 691: 685: 679: 671: 665: 659: 653: 647: 519:, and 352:using 307:pauper 231:gender 172:, and 150:, and 144:social 123:Dadaab 99:Canada 19587:Tonga 19577:Samoa 19567:Palau 19557:Nauru 19448:Åland 19367:Spain 19292:Malta 19262:Italy 19068:Macau 18987:Yemen 18947:Syria 18922:Qatar 18902:Nepal 18837:Japan 18812:India 18802:Egypt 18787:China 18550:Aruba 18438:Haiti 18383:Chile 18237:Ceuta 18157:Sudan 18107:Niger 18062:Libya 18047:Kenya 18027:Ghana 18017:Gabon 17992:Egypt 17932:Benin 17820:Aztec 17779:Tibet 17754:Nepal 17744:Italy 17734:India 17729:Haiti 17714:China 17614:Under 17609:Lower 17587:Black 17570:Donor 17565:Black 17560:Upper 17467:Slave 17416:Under 17272:Petty 17247:Elite 17234:Upper 17175:Harii 17170:Cuāuh 17004:White 16984:Green 16883:Alien 16726:Caste 16455:Other 16438:(GDI) 16393:(LPI) 16365:(MPI) 16359:(HDI) 16353:(HPI) 16332:(GPI) 16237:(GPI) 15655:(SWB) 15596:Other 15543:Haiti 15431:Italy 15395:Yemen 15365:Nepal 15340:Japan 15325:India 15310:China 15249:Niger 15239:Kenya 15229:Egypt 14569:. In 14519:1987 14509:1972. 14022:S2CID 13971:(PDF) 13960:(PDF) 13869:(PDF) 13862:(PDF) 13677:S2CID 13595:(PDF) 13584:S2CID 13556:(PDF) 12945:with 12913:S2CID 12866:S2CID 12791:(PDF) 12131:5 May 11978:(PDF) 11971:(PDF) 11665:S2CID 11645:(PDF) 11550:S2CID 11395:S2CID 11357:(PDF) 11256:S2CID 10446:(PDF) 10427:(PDF) 9987:(PDF) 9963:JSTOR 9921:(PDF) 9891:Focus 9887:(PDF) 9862:JSTOR 9791:(PDF) 9695:Money 9585:(PDF) 9464:(PDF) 9453:(PDF) 9393:(PDF) 9154:(PDF) 9147:(PDF) 9047:S2CID 9005:S2CID 8877:(6). 8769:(PDF) 8748:(PDF) 8720:(PDF) 8713:(PDF) 8685:(PDF) 8668:(PDF) 8530:S2CID 8274:S2CID 8254:(PDF) 7917:S2CID 7812:(7). 7461:S2CID 7233:S2CID 7133:(PDF) 7122:S2CID 7074:(PDF) 6967:S2CID 6676:(PDF) 6665:(PDF) 6526:S2CID 6267:S2CID 5768:(PDF) 5757:(PDF) 5654:(PDF) 5629:(PDF) 5461:(PDF) 5428:(PDF) 5305:(PDF) 5298:(PDF) 5280:(PDF) 5273:(PDF) 5248:(PDF) 5241:(PDF) 4928:(PDF) 4921:(PDF) 4762:(PDF) 4751:(PDF) 4688:(PDF) 4681:(PDF) 4587:(PDF) 4572:(PDF) 4535:1964. 4513:(PDF) 4506:(PDF) 4472:JSTOR 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14434:ISBN 14376:ISBN 14366:1998 14292:2014 14247:2011 14201:OCLC 14191:ISBN 14172:2019 14119:2020 14089:2016 14055:OCLC 14045:ISBN 14014:ISSN 13979:2010 13943:2021 13925:ISBN 13904:2021 13877:2016 13841:2024 13815:2023 13780:ISBN 13761:2022 13729:ISBN 13710:2023 13633:2015 13603:2019 13576:ISSN 13538:2016 13510:2018 13480:2019 13429:PMID 13372:2024 13346:2024 13320:2011 13290:2011 13264:2023 13196:2020 13167:ISSN 13103:2011 13070:2011 13040:2016 13010:2011 12980:2011 12905:ISSN 12858:ISSN 12828:2023 12802:2023 12773:2023 12746:PMID 12738:ISSN 12703:2011 12672:2010 12660:Time 12611:2011 12580:2011 12549:2011 12518:2011 12488:2011 12462:2011 12436:2023 12408:ISBN 12375:2013 12349:2011 12323:2011 12293:2011 12249:2011 12223:2015 12205:ISBN 12184:2016 12158:2024 12133:2024 12104:2013 12072:2013 12046:2011 12016:2011 11986:2013 11953:2013 11923:2013 11891:2011 11842:ISBN 11817:ISBN 11789:ISBN 11757:ISBN 11704:ISSN 11627:2011 11597:2011 11566:2013 11516:2023 11490:2011 11460:2011 11429:2015 11387:PMID 11290:2019 11248:PMID 11211:2023 11186:2016 11160:2019 11144:ISSN 11122:2011 11091:2011 11062:2013 11031:2014 11000:2016 10969:2016 10938:2013 10907:2014 10870:2011 10836:2021 10806:2021 10776:2011 10746:2011 10696:2011 10665:2011 10629:2016 10597:2022 10584:ISBN 10539:2011 10506:2011 10480:2011 10454:2013 10435:ISSN 10406:2016 10376:2016 10347:2011 10317:2011 10287:2016 10256:2011 10225:2011 10199:2010 10169:2011 10117:ISBN 10087:2010 10059:2010 10029:ISSN 9995:2023 9955:ISSN 9929:OCLC 9903:2023 9854:ISSN 9832:2023 9803:2023 9774:2023 9746:2023 9735:ISSN 9708:2018 9675:2014 9643:2014 9610:2023 9567:2023 9556:ISSN 9507:ISBN 9418:2024 9372:ISSN 9341:2010 9310:2010 9284:2010 9258:2021 9227:2019 9162:2019 9130:2021 9076:2010 9037:ISBN 8997:ISSN 8952:2018 8897:ISSN 8852:2022 8823:ISSN 8777:2012 8756:ISBN 8752:IIED 8728:2012 8693:2012 8672:ISBN 8645:2014 8612:2018 8563:OCLC 8553:ISBN 8522:ISSN 8455:2010 8429:2010 8399:2010 8369:2021 8321:2023 8308:ISBN 8285:2023 8210:2017 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