144:
179:
gave the second of three orders (the others coming in 1100 and 1109) commanding
Spaniards who had gone to the Holy Land to return to their kingdom. If the hypothesis that Pedro went with Raymond to the Holy Land in the Spanish entourage of his wife, then it is probable that Pedro returned to Europe
206:. Two knights, one from France and the other Pedro González, came to his rescue, "but the Spaniard, who arrived first, gave such a great blow to the back of a Moor with the lance he carried in his hand that it came out his chest a cubit, and he left him dead on the ground." It is possible that the
410:
were held against him by some noblemen who preferred to be ruled by Pedro and his brother
Rodrigo (presumably on behalf of Urraca and Pedro's illegitimate son) than by Alfonso. Eventually the towers were surrendered and Pedro and Rodrigo forced to make submission to the new monarch and do him
308:, her non-Iberian name and that given her eldest son have led this to be rejected in favor of a French origin, perhaps as daughter of Almanric (Aymeric V), viscount of Rochechouart and one of the French barons who had answered Alfonso VI's international call for aid against the
51:("the wanderer, pilgrim"). At the height of his influence he was the most powerful person in the kingdom after the monarch. The preponderance of his power in Castile is attested in numerous documents between 1120 and 1127. He opposed the succession of Urraca's legitimate heir,
166:
in 1095, he was accompanied by "a group of
Spanish knights". Among these Spaniards was probably to be found Pedro González, who disappears from the records of the kingdom of Castile–León at precisely this time, and does not reappear until 22 September 1105 at
193:
in 1097, "guarding the count of
Toulouse, whose chief he had nominated, Lord Pedro González the Roamer, who was a very good knight in arms, and was born in Castile." It goes on to narrate an event which supposedly took place during the
66:, began in Spain. Pedro was the first member of his family to use the surname "de Lara", a practice continued by his descendants. A good example of Pedro's style is found in a royal charter of 1 February 1124:
590:
una compañía de caballeros españoles que allí había ... que aguardaban al conde de Tolosa, de que él hiciera caudillo a Don Pero González el Romero, que era muy buen caballero de armas, y era natural de
279:
In the mid-1110s, count Pedro became the lover of the reigning queen, Urraca. He became one of the most influential figures in the kingdom. Urraca bore Pedro two children: a daughter, Elvira, and a son,
458:. There he was challenged to a duel by Alfonso Jordan, Count of Toulouse, the son of Raymond IV and Elvira. Alfonso permitted the duel to take place, and Pedro González was killed in the encounter.
604:
mas el español que llegó primero, dio tan gran golpe a un moro por las espaldas con una lanza que traía a sobre mano, que se la sacó por los pechos más de un codo y dio con él muerto en tierra
125:
Pedro González was the man who was later count of Lara. There is at least one other man of that name alive at the same time, who, with his wife Elvira Fernández, sold a plot of land for 400
118:" is almost certainly a forgery or a corruption, since Gómez is known to have still held that post in March, April and May of that year, and Pedro is never referred to as count before 1107.
106:, standard-bearer of the king's retinue. At the end of his service he was signing royal documents immediately beneath the names of the counts of the realm. He was replaced as
451:. In June Alfonso succeeded in taking Palencia and arresting Pedro and Bertrán. Their fiefs were confiscated and they were exiled. The remaining rebels soon came to terms.
292:
as arranged by her half-brother
Alfonso VII. Sometime before November 1127 Pedro González married the countess Eva (Ava), the young widow of count
508:, 9 (1999), 66, gives a date of 3 November for his last charter. She also cites seven charters (minimum) in which Pedro figures during 1088–91 as
159:
482:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), 280, provides an overview of his career as revealed in the documentary evidence.
395:
of
Tardajos was re-issued with adjustments on three subsequent occasions by either Pedro or Eva, the last being in 1147.
171:. This corresponds to a time after Raymond's death (28 February 1105), which led Elvira and her infant son by Raymond,
504:
M. C. Torres
Sevilla-Quiñones de León, "Cruzados y peregrinos leoneses y castellanos en Tierra Santa (ss. XI–XII)",
183:
There is no contemporary evidence for
Spanish participation in the First Crusade, but the late thirteenth-century
729:
143:
455:
385:
in the seventeenth century. It shows that the village owed the comparatively large annual sum of five silver
36:
336:
and is the only known male member of the
Castilian aristocracy to take holy orders in the twelfth century.
199:
724:
158:, possibly in 1092, completed a marriage alliance with Alfonso VI by marrying his illegitimate daughter,
89:
185:
81:
398:
The last record of Pedro governing Lara dates from 2 April 1129. Within a year he would be in revolt.
325:
317:
305:
301:
281:
714:
328:, and Rodrigo, and daughters Milia and Maria. Sometime before 1165 Rodrigo became the prior of the
416:
321:
719:
352:
155:
44:
293:
382:
333:
93:
32:
709:
436:
356:
265:
540:
289:
8:
432:
420:
220:
as part of
Raymond of Toulouse's army, and that the event at Antioch confuses Pedro with
175:, to return to Toulouse to lay claim to the county. At the behest of Alfonso VI, in 1105
111:
448:
269:
313:
25:
444:
253:
374:
221:
59:
454:
Pedro spent his exile in the service of Alfonso of Aragon, whom he followed to the
249:
202:, was killed beneath him and he was forced to fight dismounted against a number of
195:
261:
567:
412:
407:
216:
190:
176:
419:, Pedro, Rodrigo, and their supporters revolted, hoping to receive support from
387:
172:
138:
127:
132:
703:
542:
La nobleza castellana en la plena Edad Media: el linaje de Lara (SS. XI–XIII)
163:
85:
40:
203:
237:
97:
52:
415:. In 1130, after the birth of a son, Raymond, to Alfonso and his queen,
316:(1086). With his wife, Pedro had several children, including four sons:
423:. Together Pedro and his son-in-law Bertrán de Risnel took the city of
309:
225:
63:
102:
360:
284:, so-called because he was deprived of an inheritance as a bastard. (
297:
244:. There is a brief notice from August 1110 that he was then ruling (
96:, who also held land in Lara. The Lara family lands were located in
428:
424:
370:
257:
114:
by early 1092. A charter dated May 1098 referring to "Count Pedro,
329:
273:
35:
as a young man, and later became the lover of Alfonso's heiress,
28:
100:. Between 27 December 1088 and 10 November 1091 Pedro served as
406:
Upon the accession of Alfonso VII in March 1126, the towers of
252:. While he continued to hold onto Lara, Pedro was also granted
189:
refers to "a company of Spanish knights there had been" at the
168:
692:
The Kingdom of León-Castilla under King Alfonso VII, 1126–1157
365:
304:. Though traditional genealogies portray her was daughter of
241:
139:
In the entourage of Elvira and the First Crusade (1092–1105)
340:
75:
545:, Doctoral Thesis (University of Seville, 2003), 73–75.
401:
694:(University of Pennsylvania Press, 1998), pp. 31–32.
162:. When he decided to take up the cross and join the
480:
The Aristocracy in Twelfth-century León and Castile
88:and his wife, Goto Núñez. He had a brother, count
579:Torres, "Cruzados", 67–69, presents the argument.
535:
533:
531:
439:, and one Pedro Díaz rebelled from his castle of
701:
84:, the first clearly identifiable member of the
55:. This dispute ended with his premature death.
528:
355:in exchange for the monastery's properties at
58:It was in Pedro's generation that the use of
636:, 290, instead gives them a daughter, Mayor.
224:, who had a vision at Antioch and found the
288:means "robbed" in Spanish.) Elvira married
72:, "the venerable count Don Pedro de Lara".
67:
231:
686:
684:
657:
655:
142:
69:uenerabilis comes dominus Petrus de Lara
76:Standard-bearer of Alfonso VI (1088–91)
702:
681:
652:
381:has been lost, but a copy was made by
391:to the count for its privileges. The
276:between 23 May 1127 and 13 May 1128.
210:has confused Pedro González with the
474:
472:
470:
402:Rebellion, exile and death (1126–30)
363:. In 1127 Pedro and Eva conceded a
339:On 2 September 1125 Pedro gave his
268:(1125). Under Alfonso VII he ruled
180:with Elvira in the summer of 1105.
13:
14:
741:
523:. . . comite Petrus armiger . . .
467:
80:Pedro González was son of count
668:
639:
622:
609:
556:un grupo de caballeros hispanos
421:Alfonso I of Aragon and Navarre
236:By 6 May 1107 Pedro was ruling
596:
582:
573:
548:
515:
498:
485:
1:
558:; M. Fernández de Navarrete,
198:(1097–98) after the horse of
149:La gran conquista de Ultramar
121:There is some doubt that the
92:, and was a kinsman of count
24:(died 16 October 1130) was a
521:Torres, "Cruzados", 66 n.3 (
200:Robert II, Count of Flanders
7:
147:Miniature of a siege, from
10:
746:
186:Gran conquista de Ultramar
560:Españoles en las Cruzadas
539:Antonio Sánchez de Mora,
39:. He may have joined the
602:Torres, "Cruzados", 70:
588:Torres, "Cruzados", 70:
562:(Madrid, 1986), 16 n.8:
554:Torres, "Cruzados", 66:
461:
431:, one of their kinsmen,
135:and his wife Estefanía.
90:Rodrigo González de Lara
564:varios condes españoles
443:only to be put down by
373:and in 1128 another to
300:and been killed in the
232:Count of Lara (1107–29)
47:, earning the nickname
730:Male lovers of royalty
427:. Rodrigo rebelled in
353:Santo Domingo de Silos
306:Pedro Fróilaz de Traba
282:Fernando Pérez Furtado
156:Raymond IV of Toulouse
151:
68:
45:Raymond IV of Toulouse
22:Pedro González de Lara
630:La nobleza castellana
383:Prudencio de Sandoval
334:San Salvador de Nogal
212:Petrum de Castillione
146:
82:Gonzalo Núñez de Lara
62:, as opposed to just
632:, 119-203. Barton,
437:Valencia de Don Juan
43:in the following of
725:Castilian nobility
369:to the village of
314:Battle of Sagrajas
240:with the title of
152:
94:Gonzalo Salvadórez
628:Sánchez de Mora,
375:Jaramillo Quemado
290:Bertrán de Risnel
222:Peter Bartholomew
214:mentioned in the
18:Castilian magnate
737:
695:
688:
679:
672:
666:
659:
650:
643:
637:
626:
620:
613:
607:
600:
594:
586:
580:
577:
571:
552:
546:
537:
526:
519:
513:
502:
496:
489:
483:
476:
456:siege of Bayonne
447:and his brother
296:, who had ruled
250:Medina del Campo
196:Siege of Antioch
71:
745:
744:
740:
739:
738:
736:
735:
734:
715:Counts of Spain
700:
699:
698:
689:
682:
673:
669:
660:
653:
644:
640:
627:
623:
614:
610:
601:
597:
587:
583:
578:
574:
568:Louis Maimbourg
553:
549:
538:
529:
520:
516:
503:
499:
490:
486:
477:
468:
464:
445:Osorio Martínez
404:
302:Battle of Uclés
234:
217:Gesta Francorum
191:Siege of Nicaea
177:Pope Paschal II
141:
78:
19:
12:
11:
5:
743:
733:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
697:
696:
690:B. F. Reilly,
680:
667:
651:
638:
621:
608:
595:
581:
572:
547:
527:
514:
512:(arms-bearer).
497:
484:
478:Simon Barton,
465:
463:
460:
435:, rebelled in
433:Jimeno Íñiguez
403:
400:
332:foundation of
312:following the
294:García Ordóñez
233:
230:
208:Gran conquista
173:Alfonso Jordan
140:
137:
112:Gómez González
77:
74:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
742:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
720:House of Lara
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
707:
705:
693:
687:
685:
677:
671:
664:
658:
656:
648:
642:
635:
631:
625:
618:
612:
605:
599:
592:
585:
576:
569:
565:
561:
557:
551:
544:
543:
536:
534:
532:
524:
518:
511:
507:
501:
494:
488:
481:
475:
473:
471:
466:
459:
457:
452:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
409:
399:
396:
394:
390:
389:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
367:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
337:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
277:
275:
271:
267:
263:
262:Torremormojón
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
229:
227:
223:
219:
218:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
192:
188:
187:
181:
178:
174:
170:
165:
164:First Crusade
161:
157:
150:
145:
136:
134:
130:
129:
124:
119:
117:
113:
109:
105:
104:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
73:
70:
65:
61:
56:
54:
50:
46:
42:
41:First Crusade
38:
34:
30:
27:
23:
16:
691:
675:
670:
662:
646:
641:
633:
629:
624:
616:
611:
603:
598:
589:
584:
575:
563:
559:
555:
550:
541:
522:
517:
509:
506:Medievalismo
505:
500:
492:
487:
479:
453:
440:
405:
397:
392:
386:
378:
377:. This last
364:
348:
344:
338:
285:
278:
264:(1124), and
245:
235:
215:
211:
207:
184:
182:
153:
148:
126:
122:
120:
115:
107:
101:
79:
57:
48:
37:Queen Urraca
31:. He served
21:
20:
15:
710:1130 deaths
676:Aristocracy
663:Aristocracy
647:Aristocracy
634:Aristocracy
617:Aristocracy
493:Aristocracy
133:Fruela Díaz
98:Old Castile
86:Lara family
64:patronymics
53:Alfonso VII
704:Categories
417:Berengaria
310:Almoravids
226:Holy Lance
60:toponymics
33:Alfonso VI
566:, citing
361:Tordueles
131:to Count
49:el Romero
26:Castilian
674:Barton,
665:, 94–95.
661:Barton,
645:Barton,
615:Barton,
591:Castilla
491:Barton,
429:Asturias
425:Palencia
371:Tardajos
318:Manrique
266:Portillo
260:(1122),
258:Palencia
256:(1113),
254:Peñafiel
510:armiger
449:Rodrigo
357:Arlanza
345:Uranave
330:Cluniac
286:Hurtado
274:Tariego
246:tenente
123:alférez
116:alférez
108:alférez
103:alférez
29:magnate
678:, 113.
649:, 192.
413:homage
388:solidi
349:Ranedo
326:Álvaro
298:Nájera
270:Dueñas
169:Burgos
160:Elvira
154:Count
128:solidi
619:, 51.
495:, 44.
462:Notes
441:Valle
393:fuero
379:fuero
366:fuero
341:vills
242:Count
204:Turks
408:León
359:and
347:and
322:Nuño
272:and
238:Lara
351:to
343:of
110:by
706::
683:^
654:^
530:^
525:).
469:^
324:,
320:,
248:)
228:.
606:.
593:.
570:.
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