1186:
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1515:
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337:
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1128:
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1590:
404:
672:
813:
38:
169:
1665:
1627:
increasingly constrained by its perceived rigidities. Multiple
Postmodern architects and designers put simplified reinterpretations of the pediment found in Classical decoration at the top of their creations. As with other elements and ornaments taken from styles of the pre-Modern past, they were in most cases highly simplified. Especially when it comes to office architecture, Postmodernism was only skin deep; the underlying structure was usually very similar, if not identical, to that of Modernist buildings.
296:
852:
1238:
92:
603:
495:, Italy (27 BC), an early imperial monument, suggests that at this stage provincial Roman architects were not well practiced in the classical vocabulary; the base of the pediment ends close to, but not over, the capitals of the columns. Here the whole temple front is decoration applied to a very solid wall, but the lack of respect for the conventions of Greek
385:
across the whole width of the main front or facade. The rear of the typical Roman temple was a blank wall, usually without columns, but often a full pediment above. This effectively divorced the pediment from the columns beneath it in the original temple front ensemble, and thereafter it was no longer considered necessary for a pediment to be above columns.
1185:
1623:(1966), in which he recommended a revival of the 'presence of the past' in architectural design. He tried to include in his own buildings qualities that he described as 'inclusion, inconsistency, compromise, accommodation, adaptation, superadjacency, equivalence, multiple focus, juxtaposition, or good and bad space.'
943:(begun 1566) has "two interpenetrating temple fronts", a wider one being overlaid with a narrower and higher one, respectively following the roof lines of the aisles and nave. Several of Palladio's villas also introduced the pediment to country house architecture, which was to be become extremely common in English
384:
The pediment is found in classical Greek temples, Etruscan, Roman, Renaissance, Baroque, Rococo, Neoclassical, and Beaux-Arts architecture. Greek temples, normally rectangular in plan, generally had a pediment at each end, but Roman temples, and subsequent revivals, often had only one, in both cases
986:
there is a conventional pediment over the main entrance, but the complicated facade stretches beyond it to both sides and above, and though large in absolute terms it makes a relatively small impression. Many later buildings used a temple front with pediment as a highlight of a much wider building.
1626:
Venturi encouraged 'quotation', which means reusing elements of the past in new designs. Part manifesto, part architectural scrapbook accumulated over the previous decade, the book represented the vision for a new generation of architects and designers who had grown up with
Modernism but who felt
786:
underneath, and no bottom element at all. "Pediment" is typically not used for these; they are often called a "canopy". From the
Renaissance onwards, some pediments no longer fitted the steeply pitched roofs and became freestanding, sometimes sloping in the opposite direction to the roof behind.
247:; this is mostly found in furniture rather than buildings. It was popular in American doorways from the 1760's onwards. Very often there is a vase-like ornament in the middle, between the volutes. Non-triangular variations of pediments are often found over doors, windows, niches, and porches.
1142:
1014:, 1646), the top three folding into each other, using the same base line. This facade has been described as "a veritable symphony in repetitious pedimentry, bringing together a superimposed array of broken pediments, open pediments and arched pediments". The Gesù is the home church of the
508:
627:
555:
1464:
579:
915:, perhaps designed by Alberti) were early examples of what was to become a very common scheme, where the pediment at the top of the facade was much less wide, forming a third zone above a middle zone that transitioned the width from that of the bottom. The giant curving
184:
A variant is the "segmental" or "arch" pediment, where the normal angular slopes of the cornice are replaced by one in the form of a segment of a circle, in the manner of a depressed arch. Both traditional and segmental pediments have "broken" and "open" forms. In the
483:
are very small elements, raking at an extremely steep angle, but not extending beyond the entablature for the columns below. There are two faces to each pediment, both carved, with one lying parallel to the wall of the monument, and the other at right angles to that.
651:
1565:
1440:
446:
In the
Hellenistic period pediments became used for a wider range of buildings, and treated much more freely, especially outside Greece itself. Broken and open pediments are used in a way that is often described as "baroque". The large 2nd-century
1300:
1161:
1514:
1416:
1393:
1104:
1265:, and many across northern Europe; these might be placed over a porch with columns, or simply decorations to an essentially flat facade. In England, if there was any sculpture within the tympanum, it was often restricted to a
690:
1085:
1530:
1047:
1491:
1474:
273:
923:
used at the sides of the middle zone at Sant'Agostino was to be a very common feature over the next two centuries. As in Gothic architecture, this often reflected the shapes of the roofs behind, where the
1331:
734:
1209:
535:
1347:
1451:
968:
into a church. Three windows on each of three storeys (and the door) alternate regular and segmental pediments; there is no pediment at the top of the facade, just a large cornice, as was usual.
782:
at the top were used, especially over doorways and windows, but while the rising sides of the cornice is elaborate, the horizontal bottom element was typically not very distinct. Often there is a
793:
336:
907:
In most of these
Alberti followed classical precedent by having the pediment occupy the whole width of the facade, or at least that part that projects outwards. Santa Maria Novella and
1684:
610:
125:
The main variant shapes are the "segmental", "curved", or "arch" pediment, where the straight line triangle of the cornice is replaced by a curve making a segment of a circle, the
253:
1024:
439:, protecting windows and openings from rain, as well as being decorative. From the 5th century pediments also might appear on tombs and later non-architectural objects such as
1915:, 240, 3rd edn, 1980, Penguin, ISBN 0140510133. They recommend using "open-topped" or "broken-apex" and "open-bed" or "broken-bed", but these cannot be said to have caught on.
803:
1549:
1370:
718:
828:
1127:
1703:
1540:
1279:
were used where the budget allowed. In 19th-century styles freer treatments returned, and large segmental pediments were especially popular in eclectic styles such as
295:
1899:
Broken and open pediments are often confused by sources unfamiliar with the correct terminology, although some pediments can reasonably be described as both. See
912:
1690:
725:
502:
Conventional Roman pediments have a slightly steeper pitch than classical Greek ones, perhaps because they ended tiled roofs that received heavier rainfall.
1723:
1482:
224:, very "broken" and retreating into the cliff face. Broken pediments where the gap is extremely wide in this way are often called "half-pediments".
1664:
1572:
1455:
947:. In cities, Palladio reserved the temple front for churches, but in the Baroque, and especially outside Italy, this distinction was abandoned.
1066:
314:
998:, and the central vertical line of church facades often ascended through several pediments of different sizes and shapes, in Rome five at the
2550:
1733:
812:
671:
1275:
returned to "purer" classical models mostly using conventional triangular pediments, often over a portico with columns. Large schemes of
2435:
1752:
1615:
after WW2), promoted the inclusion of elements of historic styles in new designs. An early text questioning
Modernism was by architect
110:
The cornice continues round the top of the pediment, as well as below it; the rising sides are often called the "raking cornice". The
72:. In ancient architecture, a wide and low triangular pediment (the side angles 12.5° to 16°) typically formed the top element of the
472:
962:
says the innovation caused ridicule initially, but later came to be admired and widely adopted. Baccio was accused of turning a
2502:
2128:
2405:
2380:
2355:
2318:
2281:
2238:
2213:
2188:
2163:
2057:
1994:
1501:
1053:
936:
2468:
1286:
Large pediments with columns, often called the "temple front", became widely used for important public buildings such as
350:
133:, with a gap in the cornice along the base. Both triangular and segmental pediments can have "broken" and "open" forms.
1294:, law courts, legislatures, and museums, where an impression of solidity, reliability, and respectability was desired.
1091:
1007:
931:
Sant'Agostino also has a low, squashed down pediment at the top of the full-width section. This theme was developed by
887:
2560:
1470:
863:
2555:
1747:
1168:
396:
filled with large groups of sculpted figures. An extreme but very influential example of the Roman style is the
177:
2535:
2518:
1338:
658:
522:
1497:
103:
900:), where the design was probably his. Here the cornice comes out and then retreats back, forming the top of
1900:
1710:
1376:
1357:
749:
342:
1018:, who favoured this style, which was first seen in many cities around Europe in a new main Jesuit church.
459:, has a pediment that retreats in the centre, so appears both broken and open, a feature also seen at the
1638:
in New York City (formerly known as the Sony Tower, Sony Plaza, and AT&T Building), a famous work of
1407:
1133:
951:
774:, and the enclosing cornice has little emphasis; they are often merely gable ends with some ornament. In
618:
2254:
1200:
1095:
1011:
971:
542:
514:
137:
1427:
88:. For symmetric designs, it provides a center point and is often used to add grandness to entrances.
1353:
1272:
745:
681:
488:
424:
193:
is open along the base, with a gap in the cornice for part or all of the space under the pediment.
153:
17:
1639:
819:
763:
372:
301:
145:
141:
85:
1556:
1399:
1361:
1280:
883:
799:
767:
586:
393:
157:
111:
1242:
1176:
1111:
983:
975:
944:
908:
855:
741:
448:
408:
363:
53:
2083:
1792:
History of
Sculpture from the Earliest Ages to the Present Time: Tr. by F.E. Bunnètt, Volume 2
1790:
2079:
2022:
2018:
1973:
1380:
1262:
1224:
1196:
871:
213:
56:, usually of a triangular shape. Pediments are placed above the horizontal structure of the
2444:
1072:
999:
858:, by multiple architects, 1483, with three pediments, including a squashed one in the middle
228:
1423:
1276:
1148:
995:
771:
368:
149:
115:
8:
1651:
1076:
1003:
879:
875:
834:
775:
99:
2429:
1972:, p. 65, 2015, ed. Nancy Thomson de Grummond, Taylor & Francis, ISBN 9781134268542,
1589:
403:
1647:
1635:
1593:
1250:
955:
677:
236:
95:
31:
37:
2531:
2514:
2507:
2464:
2401:
2376:
2351:
2314:
2277:
2234:
2209:
2184:
2159:
2053:
1990:
838:
705:
220:, Jordan, is a famously extreme example, with not merely the pediment, but the whole
122:
sculpture. The tympanum may hold an inscription, or in modern times, a clock face.
1908:
1729:
1655:
1576:
1192:
1152:
891:
562:
243:, a broken pediment with two S-shaped profiles resembling a swan's neck, typically
1694:
2047:
1944:
1827:
1431:
1384:
1306:
1057:
932:
662:
590:
496:
452:
173:
168:
2523:
2497:
2477:
1631:
1616:
1597:
1403:
1287:
1172:
867:
642:
397:
633:
One of the few sections of the sculpture of the
Ancient Greek pediment of the
2544:
2424:
1604:
1318:
1314:
1246:
1220:
638:
2274:
Art Deco sau
Modernismul Bine Temperat - Art Deco or Well-Tempered Modernism
1571:
Art Deco pediment of the
Carrefour Curie (Quai de Conti no. 1-3), Paris, by
657:
Illustrations with the sculptures of the two pediments of the Parthenon, by
617:
all ancient sculptures and buildings had, unknown architect, illustrated by
114:
is the triangular area within the pediment, which is often decorated with a
1675:
1291:
1266:
1254:
1038:
1034:
1015:
920:
904:
with no capitals, a very unclassical note, which was to become much used.
783:
569:, Greece, including its pediment, unknown temple architect or illustrator,
476:
416:
81:
77:
1904:
1714:
1030:
851:
779:
420:
221:
205:
197:
65:
1237:
866:, they were initially mostly used to top a relatively flat facade, with
2439:. Vol. 21 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 37.
1643:
1612:
1447:
614:
460:
440:
280:
264:
209:
201:
950:
The first use of pediments over windows in the Renaissance was on the
1608:
1505:
988:
634:
389:
232:
41:
Types of pediment; "curved" and "broken" examples at the lower right.
593:, Greece, including its pediment, unknown architect or illustrator,
304:
highly decorated segmental pediment, Hôtel Desplats or de Palaminy,
91:
1536:
1521:
1283:, often overwhelmed by sculpture within, above, and to the sides.
901:
436:
321:
305:
2206:
The History of Art - From Prehistory to Presentday - A Global View
991:
niches, using a mixture of segmental, broken, and open pediments.
84:. But large pediments were rare on other types of building before
1115:
987:
The St Peter's facade also has many small pedimented windows and
964:
870:
elements rather than freestanding porticos supported by columns.
697:
526:
73:
57:
1341:, part of the Petit Trianon, by Richard Mique, completed in 1781
1151:
pediment of the Pavillon Saint-Germain-l'Auxerrois, part of the
2428:
1671:
1216:
1119:
959:
940:
916:
566:
492:
468:
456:
428:
346:
260:
244:
119:
69:
61:
1478:
1310:
806:, Saint-Jouin-de-Marnes, Deux-Sèvres, France, started in 1095
480:
464:
217:
49:
2052:. Los Angeles, California: Getty Publications. p. 143.
144:, which was probably one of the first. Pediments return in
2450:
2327:
994:
Variations using multiple pediments became very popular in
925:
432:
27:
Element in classical, neoclassical and baroque architecture
1832:. The New York Public Library: Macmillan. pp. 3, 558.
862:
When classical-style low triangular pediments returned in
400:, where a portico with pediment fronts a circular temple.
1261:
Pediments became extremely common on the main facades of
471:. The broken pediments on each of the four sides of the
724:
Roman pediment on a funerary urn, unknown date, marble,
1136:, 1523, the first pedimented windows of the Renaissance
1114:, Rome, 1470s, with half-pediments at the mid-level by
2290:
2109:
1191:
Baroque cartouche and pediments on the Altar of Saint
1949:. Harper & Brothers. pp. 108, 118, 144, 423.
1155:, Paris, unknown architect and sculptor, 17th century
1970:
Encyclopedia of the History of Classical Archaeology
427:, small pediments are a non-structural element over
1863:
388:The most famous example of the Greek scheme is the
2276:(in Romanian and English). SIMETRIA. p. 192.
1642:, where a broken pediment at the top of a typical
846:
1813:Or "slanting cornice" by Lawrence, xxx & xxxi
517:west pediment of the Temple of Artemis in Corfu,
189:the raking cornice is left open at the apex. The
129:where the cornice has a gap at the apex, and the
2542:
2487:
1584:
148:and are then much used in later styles such as
1943:Kimball, Fiske; Edgell, George Harold (1918).
1658:in London (1989, now demolished) was similar.
1402:pediment with sculptures on the facade of the
613:, Aegina, including its pediment, showing the
375:, about 580–570 BC, in a reconstructed setting
1942:
1520:Open pediment above an arch; Masonic Temple,
1987:The Glory of Byzantium and early Christendom
1621:Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture
935:in the next century. The main facade of his
609:Reconstruction drawing of the facade of the
585:Reconstruction drawing of the facade of the
561:Reconstruction drawing of the facade of the
499:architecture remains rather disconcerting.
1543:no. 44), Bucharest, by architect Soru, 1920
874:used them in this way in his churches: the
1753:Pedimental sculptures in the United States
2203:
1829:European Architecture: A Historical Study
978:, Rome, by multiple architects, 1506-1626
160:, which favoured the segmental variant.
2530:, 1987 (first edn. 1974), Spring Books,
2423:
2271:
1984:
1869:
1588:
1313:of the Théâtre de la reine, part of the
1236:
1232:
970:
850:
402:
362:
167:
90:
36:
2484:, 1957, Penguin, Pelican history of art
2458:
2333:
2296:
2115:
1825:
102:, Paris, with sculpture (1826–1834) by
14:
2543:
2503:The Classical Language of Architecture
2308:
2228:
2178:
2153:
1913:The Penguin Dictionary of Architecture
1788:
1241:Beaux Arts broken segmental pediment,
708:, Ephesus, Turkey, unknown architect,
2488:Lewis, Philippa; et al. (1986),
2085:Character of Renaissance Architecture
2045:
2024:Character of Renaissance Architecture
1782:
1475:Hôtel de la Caisse d'épargne de Dijon
2551:Ancient Roman architectural elements
2461:Architectural Styles: A Visual Guide
2400:. Thames & Hudson. p. 121.
2395:
2370:
2345:
2208:. Thames & Hudson. p. 989.
1821:
1819:
1539:pediment of the Mihai Zisman House (
2375:. Thames & Hudson. p. 98.
2350:. Thames & Hudson. p. 98.
1452:Musée d'histoire naturelle - Guimet
279:Broken pediment on the monument to
140:as early as 580 BC, in the archaic
24:
2255:"Emile Guimet, fondateur du musée"
2049:The Origins of Baroque Art in Rome
2009:Yarwood, 312-314; Summerson, 78-79
1789:Luebke, Wilhelm (1 January 1878).
1092:Santi Vincenzo e Anastasio a Trevi
1008:Santi Vincenzo e Anastasio a Trevi
954:in Florence, completed in 1523 by
928:was higher than the side-aisles.
30:For the geological formation, see
25:
2572:
2311:A History of Western Architecture
2231:A History of Western Architecture
2181:A History of Western Architecture
2156:A History of Western Architecture
2046:Riegl, Alois (30 November 2010).
1816:
172:Open pediments on windows at the
1722:
1702:
1683:
1663:
1564:
1548:
1529:
1513:
1502:Școala Centrală National College
1490:
1463:
1439:
1415:
1392:
1369:
1346:
1337:Louis XVI style pediment of the
1330:
1299:
1208:
1184:
1160:
1141:
1126:
1103:
1084:
1065:
1046:
1023:
864:Italian Renaissance architecture
827:
811:
792:
733:
717:
689:
670:
650:
626:
602:
578:
554:
541:Ancient Greek west front of the
534:
507:
335:
320:Door with swan's neck pediment,
313:
294:
272:
252:
163:
2389:
2364:
2339:
2302:
2265:
2247:
2222:
2197:
2172:
2147:
2121:
2100:
2091:
2073:
2039:
2030:
2012:
2003:
1978:
1962:
1953:
1936:
1927:
1918:
1893:
1884:
1875:
1748:Pedimental sculptures in Canada
1358:Church of Saint-Vincent-de-Paul
1169:Palace of the Dukes of Burgundy
847:Renaissance, Baroque and Rococo
637:still in place; others are the
463:(so-called "Treasury") tomb at
208:. The so-called "Treasury" or
178:Antonio da Sangallo the Younger
118:which may be freestanding or a
2313:. Laurence King. p. 660.
2233:. Laurence King. p. 483.
2183:. Laurence King. p. 445.
2158:. Laurence King. p. 444.
1854:
1845:
1836:
1807:
1773:
1764:
1670:Schullin II jewelry boutique,
1555:Art Deco near-pediment of the
1477:(Rue des Bons-Enfants no. 8),
523:Archaeological Museum of Corfu
13:
1:
2417:
1607:, a movement that questioned
1422:Neoclassical pediment of the
1322:
1245:, New York City, architects
894:
770:pediments tended towards the
709:
594:
570:
546:
518:
325:
284:
196:All these forms were used in
104:Philippe Joseph Henri Lemaire
1711:Isle of Dogs Pumping Station
1634:designed what is now called
1585:Postmodern reinterpretations
1054:San Giorgio Maggiore, Venice
804:Abbaye Saint-Jouin de Marnes
750:Real Academia de la Historia
521:580 BC, probably limestone,
379:
200:architecture, especially in
7:
1968:Favro, Diane, entry in the
1741:
1446:Neoclassical pediment with
1134:Palazzo Bartolini Salimbeni
952:Palazzo Bartolini Salimbeni
886:(unfinished by the 1470s),
841:, Orvieto, Italy, 1290-1591
778:pediments with a much more
757:
451:, now reconstructed in the
10:
2577:
2528:The Architecture of Europe
2398:Postmodern Design Complete
2373:Postmodern Design Complete
2348:Postmodern Design Complete
2272:Criticos, Mihaela (2009).
2204:Robertson, Hutton (2022).
1985:Eastmond, Anthony (2013).
1201:Pierre Le Gros the Younger
1096:Martino Longhi the Younger
1012:Martino Longhi the Younger
358:
351:Alexander Nevsky Cathedral
239:. Another variant is the
138:ancient Greek architecture
29:
2443:Furman, Adam Nathaniel ,
1946:A History of Architecture
1826:Sturgis, Russell (1896).
1504:, Bucharest, Romania, by
1273:Neoclassical architecture
746:Missorium of Theodosius I
543:Temple of Athena, Paestum
473:Arch of Septimius Severus
411:, Pergamon Museum, Berlin
2445:"Seven broken pediments"
1959:Lawrence, 190, Plate 95B
1758:
1640:Post-Modern architecture
1167:Baroque pediment of the
884:San Sebastiano in Mantua
820:Castel del Monte, Apulia
611:Temple of Hellanius Zeus
373:Temple of Artemis, Corfu
146:Renaissance architecture
142:Temple of Artemis, Corfu
86:Renaissance architecture
2561:Columns and entablature
2436:Encyclopædia Britannica
2133:en.chateauversailles.fr
1989:. Phaidon. p. 45.
1693:, Lisbon, Portugal, by
1557:Louisiana State Capitol
1428:Friedrich August Stüler
1362:Jacques Ignace Hittorff
1281:Beaux-Arts architecture
1223:, Münster, Germany, by
768:Romanesque architecture
367:The earliest surviving
158:Beaux-Arts architecture
136:Pediments are found in
80:, a style continued in
2556:Architectural elements
2490:Dictionary of Ornament
2459:Hopkins, Owen (2014).
2309:Watkin, David (2022).
2229:Watkin, David (2022).
2179:Watkin, David (2022).
2154:Watkin, David (2022).
1601:
1426:, Berlin, Germany, by
1263:English country houses
1258:
1243:Grand Central Terminal
1177:Jules Hardouin-Mansart
1112:Santa Maria del Popolo
979:
945:Palladian architecture
913:Giacomo di Pietrasanta
859:
449:Market Gate of Miletus
425:architectural revivals
412:
409:Market Gate of Miletus
376:
229:Mannerist architecture
181:
107:
54:classical architecture
42:
2396:Gura, Judith (2017).
2371:Gura, Judith (2017).
2346:Gura, Judith (2017).
2129:"the english gardens"
2080:Charles Herbert Moore
2019:Charles Herbert Moore
1592:
1500:door pediment of the
1381:Fontaine Saint-Michel
1240:
1233:From 1750 to Art Deco
1225:Johann Conrad Schlaun
974:
878:(1450s, incomplete),
872:Leon Battista Alberti
854:
621:in 1852, unknown date
545:, unknown architect,
406:
366:
227:They were adopted in
171:
94:
40:
2492:, New York: Pantheon
1795:. Smith. p. 468
1691:Torres das Amoreiras
1654:at a massive scale.
1424:Alte Nationalgalerie
1277:pedimental sculpture
1171:, Dijon, France, by
996:Baroque architecture
937:San Giorgio Maggiore
772:equilateral triangle
726:Terme di Diocleziano
696:Roman mascaron with
369:pedimental sculpture
241:swan's neck pediment
116:pedimental sculpture
2336:, p. 200, 203.
2036:Summerson, illus 41
1471:Renaissance Revival
1454:, Lyon, France, by
1077:Giacomo della Porta
1004:Giacomo della Porta
984:St Peter's Basilica
976:St Peter's Basilica
909:Sant'Agostino, Rome
888:Sant'Andrea, Mantua
880:Santa Maria Novella
876:Tempio Malatestiano
856:Sant'Agostino, Rome
776:Gothic architecture
345:open pediment with
259:Open pediment in a
2482:Greek Architecture
2261:. 14 January 2015.
2135:. 11 February 2020
1648:Thomas Chippendale
1636:550 Madison Avenue
1602:
1594:550 Madison Avenue
1259:
1251:Warren and Wetmore
1073:Church of the Gesù
1033:, Italy, with the
1000:Church of the Gesù
980:
890:(begun 1472), and
860:
413:
377:
353:, Tallinn, Estonia
237:Thomas Chippendale
182:
108:
43:
32:Pediment (geology)
2508:Thames and Hudson
2463:. Laurence King.
2407:978-0-500-51914-1
2382:978-0-500-51914-1
2357:978-0-500-51914-1
2320:978-1-52942-030-2
2283:978-973-1872-03-2
2240:978-1-52942-030-2
2215:978-0-500-02236-8
2190:978-1-52942-030-2
2165:978-1-52942-030-2
2059:978-1-606-06041-4
1996:978-0-7148-4810-5
1933:Summerson, 25, 39
1860:Lawrence, 113-114
1646:wittily evokes a
1541:Calea Călărașilor
1450:of a door of the
1006:1584) and six at
839:Orvieto Cathedral
740:Late Roman-early
706:Library of Celsus
231:, and applied to
16:(Redirected from
2568:
2506:, 1980 edition,
2493:
2474:
2470:978-178067-163-5
2447:, 14 July 2014,
2440:
2432:
2430:"Pediment"
2412:
2411:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2343:
2337:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2306:
2300:
2294:
2288:
2287:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2251:
2245:
2244:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2176:
2170:
2169:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2125:
2119:
2113:
2107:
2104:
2098:
2097:Summerson, 78-79
2095:
2089:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2043:
2037:
2034:
2028:
2016:
2010:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1982:
1976:
1966:
1960:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1940:
1934:
1931:
1925:
1922:
1916:
1909:Nikolaus Pevsner
1897:
1891:
1888:
1882:
1879:
1873:
1867:
1861:
1858:
1852:
1849:
1843:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1823:
1814:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1786:
1780:
1777:
1771:
1768:
1730:Marco Polo House
1726:
1706:
1687:
1667:
1656:Marco Polo House
1577:Charles Letrosne
1568:
1552:
1533:
1517:
1498:Romanian Revival
1494:
1483:Arthur Chaudouet
1473:pediment of the
1467:
1443:
1419:
1396:
1379:pediment of the
1373:
1356:pediment of the
1350:
1334:
1324:
1309:pediment with a
1303:
1219:pediment of the
1212:
1193:Aloysius Gonzaga
1188:
1164:
1153:Palais du Louvre
1145:
1130:
1107:
1088:
1069:
1050:
1031:Pienza Cathedral
1027:
899:
896:
892:Pienza Cathedral
831:
818:Entrance of the
815:
802:pediment of the
796:
744:pediment on the
737:
721:
711:
693:
682:Arch of Augustus
680:pediment of the
674:
654:
630:
606:
596:
582:
572:
563:Temple of Aphaia
558:
548:
538:
520:
511:
489:Arch of Augustus
339:
330:
327:
317:
298:
289:
286:
276:
256:
212:, a 1st-century
100:Madeleine Church
98:pediment of the
68:if supported by
21:
2576:
2575:
2571:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2565:
2541:
2540:
2524:Yarwood, Doreen
2498:Summerson, John
2478:Lawrence, A. W.
2471:
2420:
2415:
2408:
2394:
2390:
2383:
2369:
2365:
2358:
2344:
2340:
2332:
2328:
2321:
2307:
2303:
2295:
2291:
2284:
2270:
2266:
2253:
2252:
2248:
2241:
2227:
2223:
2216:
2202:
2198:
2191:
2177:
2173:
2166:
2152:
2148:
2138:
2136:
2127:
2126:
2122:
2114:
2110:
2105:
2101:
2096:
2092:
2088:, 109-110, 1905
2078:
2074:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2044:
2040:
2035:
2031:
2017:
2013:
2008:
2004:
1997:
1983:
1979:
1967:
1963:
1958:
1954:
1941:
1937:
1932:
1928:
1923:
1919:
1898:
1894:
1889:
1885:
1880:
1876:
1870:Chisholm (1911)
1868:
1864:
1859:
1855:
1850:
1846:
1841:
1837:
1824:
1817:
1812:
1808:
1798:
1796:
1787:
1783:
1778:
1774:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1744:
1737:
1727:
1718:
1707:
1698:
1688:
1679:
1668:
1596:, New York, by
1587:
1580:
1569:
1560:
1553:
1544:
1534:
1525:
1518:
1509:
1495:
1486:
1468:
1459:
1444:
1435:
1432:Heinrich Strack
1420:
1411:
1408:Charles Garnier
1397:
1388:
1385:Gabriel Davioud
1377:Baroque Revival
1374:
1365:
1351:
1342:
1335:
1326:
1307:Louis XVI style
1304:
1288:stock exchanges
1235:
1228:
1213:
1204:
1189:
1180:
1165:
1156:
1146:
1137:
1131:
1122:
1108:
1099:
1089:
1080:
1070:
1061:
1058:Andrea Palladio
1051:
1042:
1028:
956:Baccio d'Agnolo
933:Andrea Palladio
897:
849:
842:
832:
823:
816:
807:
797:
760:
753:
752:, Madrid, Spain
748:, 388, silver,
738:
729:
722:
713:
700:in a segmental
694:
685:
684:, Rimini, 27 BC
675:
666:
663:Nicholas Revett
655:
646:
631:
622:
619:Charles Garnier
607:
598:
583:
574:
559:
550:
539:
530:
512:
453:Pergamon Museum
382:
361:
354:
343:Russian Revival
340:
331:
328:
318:
309:
299:
290:
287:
277:
268:
257:
187:broken pediment
174:Palazzo Farnese
166:
127:broken pediment
60:(an elaborated
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2574:
2564:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2539:
2538:
2521:
2495:
2485:
2475:
2469:
2456:
2441:
2427:, ed. (1911).
2425:Chisholm, Hugh
2419:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2406:
2388:
2381:
2363:
2356:
2338:
2326:
2319:
2301:
2299:, p. 203.
2289:
2282:
2264:
2246:
2239:
2221:
2214:
2196:
2189:
2171:
2164:
2146:
2120:
2118:, p. 135.
2108:
2099:
2090:
2072:
2058:
2038:
2029:
2011:
2002:
1995:
1977:
1961:
1952:
1935:
1926:
1917:
1892:
1890:Summerson, 130
1883:
1881:Summerson, 130
1874:
1862:
1853:
1851:Summerson, 130
1844:
1842:Summerson, 130
1835:
1815:
1806:
1781:
1772:
1770:Summerson, 130
1762:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1755:
1750:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1728:
1721:
1719:
1708:
1701:
1699:
1689:
1682:
1680:
1674:, Austria, by
1669:
1662:
1632:Philip Johnson
1617:Robert Venturi
1598:Philip Johnson
1586:
1583:
1582:
1581:
1573:Joseph Marrast
1570:
1563:
1561:
1554:
1547:
1545:
1535:
1528:
1526:
1519:
1512:
1510:
1496:
1489:
1487:
1469:
1462:
1460:
1445:
1438:
1436:
1421:
1414:
1412:
1404:Palais Garnier
1398:
1391:
1389:
1375:
1368:
1366:
1352:
1345:
1343:
1336:
1329:
1327:
1305:
1298:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1229:
1214:
1207:
1205:
1190:
1183:
1181:
1173:Daniel Gittard
1166:
1159:
1157:
1147:
1140:
1138:
1132:
1125:
1123:
1110:The facade of
1109:
1102:
1100:
1090:
1083:
1081:
1071:
1064:
1062:
1052:
1045:
1043:
1029:
1022:
848:
845:
844:
843:
833:
826:
824:
822:, Italy, 1240s
817:
810:
808:
798:
791:
759:
756:
755:
754:
739:
732:
730:
723:
716:
714:
695:
688:
686:
676:
669:
667:
656:
649:
647:
643:British Museum
632:
625:
623:
608:
601:
599:
587:Temple of Zeus
584:
577:
575:
560:
553:
551:
540:
533:
531:
513:
506:
398:Pantheon, Rome
381:
378:
360:
357:
356:
355:
341:
334:
332:
319:
312:
310:
300:
293:
291:
278:
271:
269:
258:
251:
165:
162:
48:are a form of
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2573:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2509:
2505:
2504:
2499:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2483:
2479:
2476:
2472:
2466:
2462:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2437:
2431:
2426:
2422:
2421:
2409:
2403:
2399:
2392:
2384:
2378:
2374:
2367:
2359:
2353:
2349:
2342:
2335:
2330:
2322:
2316:
2312:
2305:
2298:
2293:
2285:
2279:
2275:
2268:
2260:
2256:
2250:
2242:
2236:
2232:
2225:
2217:
2211:
2207:
2200:
2192:
2186:
2182:
2175:
2167:
2161:
2157:
2150:
2134:
2130:
2124:
2117:
2112:
2103:
2094:
2087:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2061:
2055:
2051:
2050:
2042:
2033:
2026:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2006:
1998:
1992:
1988:
1981:
1975:
1971:
1965:
1956:
1948:
1947:
1939:
1930:
1921:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1896:
1887:
1878:
1871:
1866:
1857:
1848:
1839:
1831:
1830:
1822:
1820:
1810:
1794:
1793:
1785:
1779:Summerson, 28
1776:
1767:
1763:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1735:
1732:, London, by
1731:
1725:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1705:
1700:
1696:
1695:Tomás Taveira
1692:
1686:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1666:
1661:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1628:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1605:Postmodernism
1599:
1595:
1591:
1578:
1574:
1567:
1562:
1558:
1551:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1532:
1527:
1523:
1516:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1493:
1488:
1484:
1481:, France, by
1480:
1476:
1472:
1466:
1461:
1457:
1456:Jules Chatron
1453:
1449:
1442:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1418:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1395:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1372:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1349:
1344:
1340:
1333:
1328:
1320:
1319:Richard Mique
1317:, France, by
1316:
1315:Petit Trianon
1312:
1308:
1302:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1292:reserve banks
1289:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1247:Reed and Stem
1244:
1239:
1226:
1222:
1221:Erbdrostenhof
1218:
1211:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1187:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1163:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1144:
1139:
1135:
1129:
1124:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1106:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1087:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1068:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1049:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1026:
1021:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
992:
990:
985:
977:
973:
969:
967:
966:
961:
957:
953:
948:
946:
942:
938:
934:
929:
927:
922:
918:
914:
910:
905:
903:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
857:
853:
840:
836:
830:
825:
821:
814:
809:
805:
801:
795:
790:
789:
788:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
751:
747:
743:
736:
731:
727:
720:
715:
707:
703:
699:
692:
687:
683:
679:
673:
668:
664:
660:
653:
648:
644:
640:
639:Elgin Marbles
636:
629:
624:
620:
616:
612:
605:
600:
592:
588:
581:
576:
568:
564:
557:
552:
544:
537:
532:
528:
524:
516:
515:Ancient Greek
510:
505:
504:
503:
500:
498:
494:
490:
485:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
444:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
410:
405:
401:
399:
395:
391:
386:
374:
370:
365:
352:
348:
344:
338:
333:
323:
316:
311:
307:
303:
297:
292:
282:
275:
270:
266:
262:
255:
250:
249:
248:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
225:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
194:
192:
191:open pediment
188:
179:
175:
170:
164:Variant forms
161:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
134:
132:
131:open pediment
128:
123:
121:
117:
113:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
87:
83:
82:Roman temples
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
39:
33:
19:
2527:
2511:World of Art
2510:
2501:
2489:
2481:
2460:
2448:
2434:
2397:
2391:
2372:
2366:
2347:
2341:
2334:Hopkins 2014
2329:
2310:
2304:
2297:Hopkins 2014
2292:
2273:
2267:
2258:
2249:
2230:
2224:
2205:
2199:
2180:
2174:
2155:
2149:
2137:. Retrieved
2132:
2123:
2116:Hopkins 2014
2111:
2102:
2093:
2084:
2075:
2063:. Retrieved
2048:
2041:
2032:
2023:
2014:
2005:
1986:
1980:
1974:google books
1969:
1964:
1955:
1945:
1938:
1929:
1920:
1912:
1901:John Fleming
1895:
1886:
1877:
1865:
1856:
1847:
1838:
1828:
1809:
1799:11 September
1797:. Retrieved
1791:
1784:
1775:
1766:
1676:Hans Hollein
1629:
1625:
1620:
1603:
1406:, Paris, by
1383:, Paris, by
1360:, Paris, by
1354:Neoclassical
1285:
1271:
1267:coat of arms
1260:
1255:Jules Coutan
1197:Sant'Ignazio
1118:, replacing
1094:, Italy, by
1060:, begun 1566
1039:Pope Pius II
1035:coat of arms
1016:Jesuit order
993:
981:
963:
949:
930:
906:
861:
837:pediment of
784:pointed arch
761:
701:
659:James Stuart
501:
486:
477:Leptis Magna
445:
423:, and later
417:ancient Rome
414:
407:2nd-century
387:
383:
240:
235:designed by
226:
195:
190:
186:
183:
180:, begun 1534
154:Neoclassical
135:
130:
126:
124:
109:
96:Neoclassical
78:Greek temple
45:
44:
2139:8 September
2065:13 February
1905:Hugh Honour
1736:, 1987-1989
1734:Ian Pollard
1715:John Outram
1600:, 1981-1984
1559:, 1930-1932
1485:, 1889-1890
1434:, 1865-1869
1410:, 1861-1874
1364:, 1830-1846
1253:, sculptor
1227:, 1753-1757
1203:, 1697-1699
1199:, Rome, by
1179:, 1682-1689
1075:, Rome, by
1041:, 1459-1462
898: 1460
882:(to 1470),
780:acute angle
764:Carolingian
421:Renaissance
392:, with two
329: 1788
302:Renaissance
288: 1630
222:entablature
206:Middle East
198:Hellenistic
176:, Rome, by
66:entablature
2545:Categories
2536:0600554309
2519:0500201773
2418:References
2027:, 74, 1905
1713:, London,
1644:skyscraper
1613:status quo
1400:Beaux-Arts
911:(1483, by
800:Romanesque
615:polychromy
597:472-456 BC
467:in modern
461:Al-Khazneh
441:sarcophagi
283:, London,
281:John Speed
267:, 43-30 BC
265:Boscoreale
210:Al-Khazneh
202:Alexandria
2259:guimet.fr
1609:Modernism
1506:Ion Mincu
1448:acroteria
1339:Belvédère
989:aedicular
902:pilasters
742:Byzantine
635:Parthenon
497:trabeated
437:aediculae
394:tympanums
390:Parthenon
380:Classical
233:furniture
46:Pediments
18:Pediments
2513:series,
1742:See also
1630:In 1984
1537:Art Deco
1522:Aberdeen
1215:Curving
758:Medieval
702:pediment
698:rinceaux
645:, London
529:, Greece
322:Maryland
308:, France
306:Toulouse
216:tomb in
214:rock-cut
204:and the
112:tympanum
2453:Journal
1652:tallboy
1650:-style
1257:, 1903.
1149:Baroque
1120:volutes
1116:Bernini
965:palazzo
868:engaged
704:of the
665:in 1794
641:in the
591:Olympia
527:Kerkyra
429:windows
359:History
349:of the
245:volutes
150:Baroque
74:portico
70:columns
58:cornice
2534:
2517:
2467:
2404:
2379:
2354:
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2106:Furman
2056:
1993:
1924:Furman
1717:, 1988
1697:, 1986
1678:, 1982
1672:Vienna
1579:, 1932
1524:, 1910
1508:, 1890
1458:, 1879
1387:, 1858
1217:Rococo
1175:after
1098:, 1646
1079:, 1584
960:Vasari
941:Venice
921:scroll
917:volute
835:Gothic
728:, Rome
712:110 AD
573:500 BC
567:Aegina
549:500 BC
493:Rimini
469:Jordan
457:Berlin
435:, and
419:, the
347:mosaic
261:fresco
156:, and
120:relief
64:), or
62:lintel
1759:Notes
1611:(the
1479:Dijon
1311:putto
1056:, by
678:Roman
481:Libya
465:Petra
433:doors
263:from
218:Petra
76:of a
50:gable
2532:ISBN
2515:ISBN
2465:ISBN
2455:blog
2451:RIBA
2449:The
2402:ISBN
2377:ISBN
2352:ISBN
2315:ISBN
2278:ISBN
2235:ISBN
2210:ISBN
2185:ISBN
2160:ISBN
2141:2023
2067:2022
2054:ISBN
1991:ISBN
1907:and
1801:2021
1709:The
1575:and
1430:and
1325:1780
1249:and
926:nave
766:and
661:and
487:The
1269:.
1037:of
982:In
939:in
919:or
762:In
491:in
479:in
475:at
455:in
415:In
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