896:. In the United States the amount of time, and rate of interest, is governed by law and by the state commerce department policies. They have the same license as a bank, which is highly regulated. If the loan is not paid (or extended, if applicable) within the time period, the pawned item will be offered for sale to other customers by the pawnbroker. Unlike other lenders, the pawnbroker does not report the defaulted loan on the customer's credit report, since the pawnbroker has physical possession of the item and may recoup the loan value through outright sale of the item. The pawnbroker also sells items that have been sold outright to them by customers. Some pawnshops are willing to trade items in their shop for items brought to them by customers.
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the upscale pawn shop is the "high-end collateral lender", lending to upper-class often white-collar individuals, including doctors, lawyers and bankers, as well as more colorful individuals like high-rolling gamblers. They are also interchangeably called "upscale pawnshops" and "high-end pawnshops" due to their acceptance of higher value merchandise in exchange for short-term loans. These objects can include wine collections, jewelry, large diamonds, fine art, cars, and unique memorabilia. Loans are often sought to deal with business revenue shortfalls and other expensive fiscal issues. Upscale pawnshops have also been featured in reality television.
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1094:), as well as a holding period placed on an item purchased by a pawnbroker (to allow time for local law enforcement authorities to track stolen items). In some jurisdictions, pawnshops must give a list of all newly pawned items and any associated serial number to police, so the police can determine if any of the items have been reported stolen. Many police departments advise burglary or robbery victims to visit local pawnshops to see if they can locate stolen items. Some pawnshops set up their own screening criteria to avoid buying stolen property.
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pawnshop owners want to accept items that the customer is likely to want to recover, after having paid interest for a period on the loan. If, in an extreme case, a pawnshop only accepted items that customers had no interest in ever reclaiming, it would not make any money from interest, and the store would in effect become a second-hand dealer. Determining if the customer is likely to return to reclaim an item is a subjective decision, and the pawnshop owner may take many factors into account.
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1473:(BSP). Pawnshops in the country traditionally have Spanish names beginning with "Agencia de Empeños" ("pawn agency"), contrary to "Casa de Empeños" in Spain and Latin America. Most pawnshops accept jewelry, vehicles or electronic valuables as collateral. They also offer various forms of other finance-related services such as
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the practice follows the
Chinese tradition, and the counter of the shop is typically higher than the average person for security. A customer can only hold up his hand to offer belongings and there is a wooden screen between the door and the counter for customers' privacy. The symbol of a pawn shop in
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Upscale pawnshops began to appear in the early 20th century, often referred to as "loan offices", since the term "pawn shop" had a very negative historical reputation at this point. Some of these so-called loan offices are even located in the upper floors of office buildings. The modern euphemism for
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To assess value of different items, pawnbrokers use guidebooks ("blue books"), catalogs, Internet search engines, and their own experience. Some pawnbrokers are trained in the identification of gems, or employ a specialist to assess jewelry. One of the risks of accepting secondhand goods is that the
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which provides a range of conventional and Sharia-compliant pawnbroking services across the archipelago. The company accepts high-value items such as gold, motor vehicles, and other expensive items as collateral. In addition to pawnbroking activities, the company provides a range of other services,
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While the main business activities of a pawnshop are lending money for interest based on valuable items that customers bring in, some pawnshops also undertake other business activities, such as selling brand-new retail items that are in demand in the neighborhood of the store. Depending on where a
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community pioneered the pawnbroking business, but today others are involved; the work is done by many agents called "saudagar". Instead of working from a shop, they go to needy people's homes and motivate them to become involved in the business. Pawn shops are often run as part of jewelry stores.
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Another growing trend in the industry is vehicle pawn or auto pawning. This form of pawnbroking works like a traditional pawn loan, however, these stores only accept vehicles as security. Many stores are also accepting "Title Loans", where a customer can pawn the ownership or "Title" documents of
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In determining the amount of the loan, the pawnshop owner also assesses the likelihood that the customer will pay the interest for several weeks or months and then return to repay the loan and reclaim the item. Since the key to the pawnshop business model is earning interest on the loaned money,
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Crusaders, predominantly in France, brokered their land holdings to monasteries and diocese for funds to supply, outfit, and transport their armies to the Holy Land. Instead of outright repayment, the Church reaped a certain amount of crop returns for a certain amount of seasons, which could
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as part of a movement to provide interest-free or low-interest loans to the poor. It was recognized as a national charity in 1927 by the
Mexican government. Today it is a fast-growing institution with over 152 branches all over Mexico and with plans to open a branch in every Mexican city.
889:, or simply the collateral. While many items can be pawned, pawnshops typically accept jewelry, musical instruments, home audio equipment, computers, video game systems, coins, gold, silver, televisions, cameras, power tools, firearms, and other relatively valuable items as collateral.
1458:, a group that makes up 25% of the population. In Malay, the word for pawn is "pajak gadai". A valid and licensed pawnshop in Malaysia must always declare itself as a "pajak gadai" or a pawn shop for its company registration. It must also fulfill the requirement of the
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The pawnbroker assesses an item for its condition and marketability by testing the item and examining it for flaws, scratches or other damage. Another aspect that affects marketability is the supply and demand for the item in the community or region.
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slew a giant using three bags of rocks. The three-ball symbol became the family crest. Since the
Medicis were so successful in the financial, banking, and moneylending industries, other families also adopted the symbol. Throughout the Middle Ages,
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Many pawnshops will also trade used items, as long as the transaction turns a profit for pawn shop. In cases where the pawnshop buys items outright, the money is not a loan; it is a straight payment for the item. On sales, the pawnshop may offer
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value of the used good, in the case that the pawnshop is unable to sell it to pawnshop customers, and they decide to sell it to a wholesale merchant of used goods. The higher point in the range is the retail sale price in the pawnshop.
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To determine the amount of the loan, the pawnshop owner needs to take into account several factors. A key factor is the predicted resale value of the item. This is often thought of in terms of a range, with the low point being the
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primarily to communities in which alternatives such as banks are not available. Recently, they have also started conducting services online and through mobile applications although this is yet subject to regulation by the BSP.
1445:). The bat signifies fortune and the coin signifies benefits. In Japan, the usual symbol for a pawn shop is a circled number seven because "shichi", the Japanese word for seven, sounds similar to the word for "pawn" (
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due to financial distress or ignorance of the customer) at the expense of the customer by low valuations of their collaterals. It is stated that the pawnbroker may not keep the collateral but must sell them at public
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If an item is pawned for a loan (colloquially "hocked" or "popped"), within a certain contractual period of time the pawner may redeem it for the amount of the loan plus some agreed-upon amount for
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that the pawn counter be no higher than four feet and bulletproof, and have stainless-steel counters/doors, strong rooms with automatic locks and safes, CCTV, alarms and pawnbroker insurance.
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were permitted to begin the practice as an aid to the poor. In 1338, Edward III pawned his jewels to raise money for his war with France. King Henry V did much the same in 1415. In 1603 an
990:, Italy. It provided financial assistance in the form of no-interest loans secured with pawned items. Instead of interest, the Monte di Pietà urged borrowers to make donations to the
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their vehicle. This essentially means that the pawnbroker owns the car while the customer continues to drive it, and the customer regains ownership once they pay back their loan.
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1090:. These laws often require that the pawnbroker establish positive identification of the seller through photo identification (such as a driver's license or government-issued
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item may be counterfeit. The customer can either sell the item outright if, as in most cases, the pawnbroker is also a licensed secondhand dealer, or offer the item as
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was passed and remained on the statute-book until 1872. It was aimed at the many counterfeit brokers in London. This type of broker was evidently regarded as a
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about 3,000 years ago. Pawnbrokers, often working independently, would offer short-term credit to peasants. The business model existed 1,500 years ago in
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The pawning process begins when a customer brings an item into a pawn shop. Common items pawned or, in some instances, sold outright by customers include
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The pawnbroker assumes the risk that an item might have been stolen. However, laws in many jurisdictions protect both the community and broker from
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is the patron saint of pawnbrokers. The symbol has also been attributed to the story of
Nicholas giving a poor man's three daughters each a
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plans, subject to conditions (down payment, regular payments, and forfeiture of previously paid amounts if the item is not paid off).
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1508:, pawnbroking is a lucrative business engaged in by specialized pawnbrokers as well as commercial banks and other finance companies.
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The pawnbrokers' symbol is three golden balls suspended from a bar. The three-ball symbol may be indirectly attributed to the
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Some stores slim down inventory by selling items to speciality retailers. Some pawnshops sell speciality items online, on
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994:. It spread through Italy, then to other parts of Europe. The first Monte de Piedad organization in Spain was founded in
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on the subject is derived from the Roman jurisprudence. As the empire spread its culture, pawnbroking went with it.
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In some countries such as Sweden, there is legislation to prevent the pawnbroker from making unfair profits (
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Other activities carried out by pawnshops are financial services including fee-based check cashing,
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In the West, pawnbroking existed in the ancient Greek and Roman civilizations. Most contemporary
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for the value by weight of the component metals. Similarly, jewelry that contains genuine
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is a charitable institution and pawn shop whose main office is located just off the
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In Hock: Pawning in
America from Independence through the Great Depression
1654:. Vol. 10. Mexico City: Encyclopædia Britannica. pp. 5699–5701.
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This article is about the occupation of a pawnbroker. For other uses, see
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1890:
de Roover, Raymond (1946). "The Three Golden Balls of the
Pawnbrokers".
1595:
Gregg, Samuel (2016). "How
Medieval Monks Changed the Face of Banking".
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1310:, Italy, owing to its symbolic meaning in heraldry. This refers to the
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181: in this article. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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A Biography of Mrs. Marty Mann: The First Lady of
Alcoholics Anonymous
1469:, pawnshops are generally privately owned businesses regulated by the
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1193:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
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123:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
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by Pedro Romero de
Terreros, the Count of Santa Maria de Regla and
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Gold, silver, and diamonds are frequently accepted as collateral.
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A pawnbroker can also be a charity. In 1450, Barnaba
Manassei, a
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37:"Pawn shop" and "Pawned" redirect here. For the 1922 film, see
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Most European towns called the pawn shop the "Lombard". The
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Alvarez, Jose Rogelio (2000). "Nacional Piedad de Monte".
1422:
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1318:, where pawn shop banking originated under the name of
1831:"U.S. Pawn Shops Industry Sails Through The Recession"
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such as a safe deposit box and gold trading services.
1871:. National Pawn Brokers Association. 7 October 2010
1804:"Pawn shops are going upscale for affluent clients"
1677:"Dispone Monte de Piedad de 905 mdp para préstamos"
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979:additionally be re-exchanged in a type of equity.
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1405:A typical Hong Kong pawn shop sign, featuring a
1080:, even if broken or missing pieces, have value.
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1018:. It was established between 1774 and 1777 by
847:shop displays the traditional pawnbroker's sign
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1454:The majority of pawnbrokers in Malaysia are
1341:. According to legend, a Medici employed by
986:friar, began the Monte di Pietà movement in
1892:Bulletin of the Business Historical Society
1497:Pawnbroking is also a traditional trade in
82:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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1978:
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1679:(in Spanish). Torreón: El siglo de Torreón
1326:, or gold coins, laid heraldically upon a
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1209:Learn how and when to remove this message
259:Learn how and when to remove this message
241:Learn how and when to remove this message
139:Learn how and when to remove this message
1645:
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1515:, there is a state-owned company called
1460:Ministry of Housing and Local Government
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1768:Sally Brown and David R. Brown (2011).
1705:. University of Chicago Press. p.
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1541:Wilson v First County Trust Ltd (No 2)
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1973:
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1481:. Therefore, they serve as financial
1337:were a banking community in medieval
933:The first pawn shops were in ancient
1741:"Pawn Shops for the (Formerly) Rich"
1582:participating institution membership
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879:to the broker are themselves called
179:adding citations to reliable sources
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1774:. Hazelden Publishing. p. 51.
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1961:Philippine Executive Commission
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1956:Official Gazette (Philippines)
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955:prohibitions against charging
929:A modern pawnbroker storefront
855:is an individual or business (
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1:
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2125:Tax refund anticipation loan
2015:Annual percentage rate (APR)
1802:Russ Wiles (July 15, 2012).
7:
2020:Effective annual rate (EAR)
1603:(88) – via EBSCOhost.
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1471:Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas
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1189:the claims made and adding
119:the claims made and adding
32:Pawnbroker (disambiguation)
10:
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1951:"Official Gazette, Vol. 1"
1865:"Pawn Industry Statistics"
1616:"Nacional Monte de Piedad"
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1110:Determining amount of loan
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43:Pawn shop (disambiguation)
36:
29:
2237:Retail financial services
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2007:
1937:February 2, 2013, at the
1697:Wendy A. Woloson (2009).
1569:Oxford English Dictionary
1447:
1434:
921:, a charitable pawnbroker
867:to people, with items of
732:Guaranteed minimum income
527:Diversification (finance)
1374:Pawnbrokers in Hong Kong
1020:Pedro Romero de Terreros
1008:Nacional Monte de Piedad
875:. The items having been
410:Employee stock ownership
357:Refund anticipation loan
1869:nationalpawnbrokers.org
1746:The Wall Street Journal
1574:Oxford University Press
1294:A pawnbroker's sign in
1286:A symbol of pawnbrokers
819:A pawnshop business in
327:Unsecured personal loan
1652:Enciclopedia de Mexico
1489:In India, the Marwari
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915:Provident Loan Society
906:History of pawnbroking
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767:Universal basic income
644:Portfolio optimization
619:Investment performance
490:Alternative investment
41:. For other uses, see
1614:Leon Teutli Ficachi.
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1088:handling stolen goods
953:Roman Catholic Church
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1749:. September 28, 2010
1628:on December 19, 2008
1477:, bills payment and
1443:fūk syú diu gām chín
1233:Auxiliary operations
1155:Inventory management
939:Buddhist monasteries
772:Volatility (finance)
742:Risk-return spectrum
584:Fundamental analysis
450:Defined contribution
175:improve this article
2164:Personal bankruptcy
1572:(Online ed.).
1225:or other websites.
1046:musical instruments
1032:Assessment of items
1014:, or main plaza of
1004:Knight of Calatrava
969:Act against Brokers
717:Financial inclusion
712:Financial deepening
614:Investment advisory
386:Employment contract
2196:Financial literacy
1728:upscale pawnshops.
1544:UKHL 40, 1 AC 816
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692:Citizen's dividend
639:Passive management
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1456:Malaysian Chinese
1278:Three-ball symbol
1257:Upscale pawnshops
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1092:identity document
869:personal property
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629:Investor profile
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609:Impact investing
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1535:Lombard banking
1526:
1421:Hong Kong is a
1394:A pawn shop in
1382:A pawn shop in
1376:
1370:
1339:London, England
1320:Lombard banking
1280:
1268:
1259:
1235:
1215:
1204:
1198:
1195:
1180:
1168:
1164:
1157:
1112:
1034:
1029:
908:
902:
809:
762:Systematic risk
747:Social dividend
707:Economic bubble
672:
604:Hedge (finance)
589:Government bond
542:Estate planning
472:Personal budget
466:
462:Social security
445:Defined benefit
438:
265:
254:
253:
252:
247:
236:
230:
227:
184:
182:
172:
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145:
134:
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98:
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57:
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46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2250:
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2229:
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2219:
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2166:
2161:
2148:
2142:
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2136:
2135:
2133:
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2127:
2122:
2116:Car title loan
2113:
2108:
2093:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2069:Signature loan
2062:
2057:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2039:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2027:
2025:Credit history
2022:
2017:
2011:
2009:
2005:
2004:
1997:
1996:
1989:
1982:
1974:
1967:
1966:
1942:
1925:
1898:(4): 117–124.
1882:
1856:
1822:
1794:
1780:
1760:
1732:
1715:
1689:
1667:
1660:
1639:
1606:
1587:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1545:
1537:
1532:
1525:
1522:
1483:one stop shops
1479:microfinancing
1369:
1366:
1354:Saint Nicholas
1312:Italian region
1279:
1276:
1267:
1264:
1258:
1255:
1234:
1231:
1217:
1216:
1171:
1169:
1162:
1156:
1153:
1111:
1108:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1027:Business model
1025:
904:Main article:
901:
898:
863:) that offers
811:
810:
808:
807:
800:
793:
785:
782:
781:
780:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
757:Sustainability
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
722:Financial risk
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
676:
675:
669:
668:
667:
666:
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636:
631:
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621:
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611:
606:
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581:
580:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
517:Bond (finance)
514:
513:
512:
507:
502:
492:
487:
479:
478:
468:
467:
465:
464:
459:
458:
457:
455:Social pension
452:
447:
439:
437:
436:
430:
427:
426:
420:
419:
418:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
389:
388:
382:
381:
380:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
301:
300:
287:
286:
278:
277:
267:
266:
249:
248:
163:
161:
154:
147:
146:
101:
99:
92:
87:
61:
60:
58:
51:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2249:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2180:
2174:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2146:Consolidation
2144:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2097:Mortgage loan
2095:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2066:
2065:Personal loan
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2032:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2002:
2001:Consumer debt
1995:
1990:
1988:
1983:
1981:
1976:
1975:
1972:
1962:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1946:
1940:
1936:
1933:
1929:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1886:
1870:
1866:
1860:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1826:
1811:
1810:
1805:
1798:
1783:
1781:9781616491413
1777:
1773:
1772:
1764:
1748:
1747:
1742:
1736:
1729:
1718:
1716:9780226905693
1712:
1708:
1703:
1702:
1693:
1678:
1671:
1663:
1661:1-56409-034-5
1657:
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1624:
1617:
1610:
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1424:
1419:
1412:
1408:
1403:
1397:
1392:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1349:
1348:coats of arms
1344:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1297:
1292:
1284:
1275:
1273:
1272:United States
1263:
1254:
1252:
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1245:
1239:
1230:
1226:
1224:
1213:
1210:
1202:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1172:This article
1170:
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1125:
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1021:
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985:
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970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
949:
947:
942:
940:
936:
927:
920:
919:New York City
916:
912:
907:
897:
895:
890:
888:
887:
883:
878:
874:
870:
866:
865:secured loans
862:
858:
854:
846:
841:
834:
829:
822:
817:
806:
801:
799:
794:
792:
787:
786:
784:
783:
778:
777:Watered stock
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
737:Market impact
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
682:Asset pricing
680:
679:
678:
677:
671:
670:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
554:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
511:
508:
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503:
501:
498:
497:
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493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
482:
481:
480:
477:
473:
470:
469:
463:
460:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
442:
441:
440:
435:
432:
431:
429:
428:
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422:
421:
416:
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411:
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403:
401:
398:
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370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
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353:
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343:
340:
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335:
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330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
304:
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296:
292:
289:
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284:
280:
279:
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273:
272:
263:
260:
245:
242:
234:
223:
220:
216:
213:
209:
206:
202:
199:
195:
192: –
191:
187:
186:Find sources:
180:
176:
170:
169:
164:This article
162:
158:
153:
152:
143:
140:
132:
129:November 2010
122:
118:
114:
108:
107:
102:This article
100:
91:
90:
85:
83:
76:
75:
70:
69:
64:
59:
50:
49:
44:
40:
39:Pawned (film)
33:
19:
2173:Repossession
2171: /
2157: /
2153: /
2129:
2120:Logbook loan
2118: /
2099: /
2067: /
2048:cash advance
2008:Key concepts
1954:
1945:
1928:
1895:
1891:
1885:
1873:. Retrieved
1868:
1859:
1847:. Retrieved
1843:the original
1834:
1825:
1813:. Retrieved
1807:
1797:
1785:. Retrieved
1770:
1763:
1751:. Retrieved
1744:
1735:
1727:
1720:. Retrieved
1700:
1692:
1681:. Retrieved
1670:
1651:
1630:. Retrieved
1623:the original
1609:
1600:
1596:
1590:
1567:
1556:
1539:
1510:
1503:
1496:
1488:
1464:
1453:
1442:
1415:
1352:
1332:
1301:
1269:
1260:
1251:payday loans
1248:
1240:
1236:
1227:
1220:
1205:
1196:
1173:
1141:
1137:
1128:
1100:
1096:
1084:
1082:
1035:
981:
977:
968:
950:
943:
932:
891:
885:
881:
876:
860:
856:
852:
850:
702:Credit union
599:Growth stock
577:independence
341:
337:Student loan
294:
255:
237:
228:
218:
211:
204:
197:
190:"Pawnbroker"
185:
173:Please help
168:verification
165:
135:
126:
103:
79:
72:
66:
65:Please help
62:
2232:Repurposing
2169:Foreclosure
2105:credit line
2079:Microcredit
2074:Moneylender
2060:Payday loan
1709:and 70–72.
1467:Philippines
1358:bag of gold
1343:Charlemagne
1124:Los Angeles
1122:section of
1085:unknowingly
1042:electronics
1016:Mexico City
965:Franciscans
946:Western law
697:Cooperative
659:Stockbroker
649:Speculation
634:Market risk
362:Refinancing
352:Payday loan
332:Rent-to-own
322:Credit card
317:Charge card
2217:Pawn shops
2211:Categories
2159:Settlement
2139:Management
2130:Pawnbroker
2111:Remortgage
1875:2 February
1849:2 February
1683:2008-10-01
1584:required.)
1549:References
1475:remittance
1425:holding a
1409:holding a
1386:, Malaysia
1372:See also:
1306:family of
1298:, Scotland
1183:improve it
1104:collateral
1072:dealer or
984:Franciscan
873:collateral
853:pawnbroker
500:allocation
476:investment
424:Retirement
377:Bankruptcy
347:Title loan
231:April 2007
201:newspapers
113:improve it
68:improve it
2055:Overdraft
2035:Unsecured
1912:1065-9048
1809:USA Today
1675:Notimex.
1632:1 October
1517:Pegadaian
1513:Indonesia
1506:Sri Lanka
1439:Cantonese
1418:Hong Kong
1396:Hong Kong
1296:Edinburgh
1199:June 2022
1187:verifying
1132:wholesale
1078:gemstones
1000:New Spain
861:pawn shop
552:Financial
505:economics
117:verifying
74:talk page
1935:Archived
1815:July 11,
1787:July 11,
1753:July 11,
1722:July 11,
1524:See also
1499:Thailand
1384:Changlun
1335:Lombards
1316:Lombardy
1308:Florence
1266:Industry
1066:platinum
1054:firearms
957:interest
894:interest
871:used as
857:pawnshop
673:See also
312:Car loan
307:Mortgage
18:Pawnshop
2103: (
2089:Secured
1963:. 1942.
1920:3110507
1465:In the
1431:Chinese
1368:In Asia
1362:married
1324:bezants
1270:In the
1244:layaway
1181:Please
1149:auction
1074:smelter
1070:bullion
1038:jewelry
988:Perugia
900:History
882:pledges
727:Fintech
572:planner
557:adviser
434:Pension
215:scholar
111:Please
1918:
1910:
1839:Cision
1778:
1713:
1658:
1433::
1304:Medici
1120:Reseda
1064:, and
1062:silver
1012:Zócalo
1006:. The
996:Madrid
992:Church
877:pawned
845:London
821:Munich
510:growth
395:Salary
293:
291:Credit
217:
210:
203:
196:
188:
2227:Loans
1916:JSTOR
1835:Prweb
1626:(PDF)
1619:(PDF)
1578:
1563:"pop"
1435:蝠鼠吊金錢
1328:sable
1144:usury
1050:tools
973:fence
961:loans
935:China
886:pawns
654:Stock
562:asset
495:Asset
222:JSTOR
208:books
1908:ISSN
1877:2016
1851:2016
1817:2013
1789:2013
1776:ISBN
1755:2013
1724:2013
1711:ISBN
1656:ISBN
1634:2008
1491:Jain
1427:coin
1411:coin
1223:eBay
1058:gold
833:Oulu
687:Bank
567:plan
522:Cash
474:and
400:Wage
342:Pawn
298:Debt
194:news
1900:doi
1511:In
1504:In
1451:).
1423:bat
1416:In
1407:bat
1314:of
1185:by
959:on
917:in
884:or
859:or
547:ETF
537:ESG
177:by
115:by
2213::
1959:.
1953:.
1914:.
1906:.
1896:20
1894:.
1867:.
1837:.
1833:.
1806:.
1743:.
1726:.
1707:66
1642:^
1599:.
1566:.
1441::
1437:,
1364:.
1060:,
1056:,
1048:,
1040:,
975:.
851:A
843:A
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2107:)
1993:e
1986:t
1979:v
1922:.
1902::
1879:.
1853:.
1819:.
1791:.
1757:.
1686:.
1664:.
1636:.
1601:1
1576:.
1448:質
1429:(
1212:)
1206:(
1201:)
1197:(
1179:.
804:e
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790:v
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256:(
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238:(
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229:(
219:·
212:·
205:·
198:·
171:.
142:)
136:(
131:)
127:(
109:.
84:)
80:(
45:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
