36:
20:
109:. At its peak (about 18,000 to 17,500 years ago), the Patagonian Ice Sheet covered about 480,000 km of land with an estimated ice-volume of more than 500,000 km, of which about 4% remains glaciated today in two separated portions known as the
220:
De Pol-Holz, R., O. Ulloa, L. Dezileau, J. Kaiser, F. Lamy and D. Hebbeln. 2006. Melting of the
Patagonian Ice Sheet and deglacial perturbations of the nitrogen cycle in the eastern South Pacific. Geophysical Research Letters, vol. 33, L04704,
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Hulton, N.R.J., R.S. Purvesa, R.D. McCullocha, D.E. Sugdena, M.J. Bentleyb. 2002. The Last
Glacial Maximum and eglaciation in southern South America. Quaternary Science Reviews, vol. 21, 233–241
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Lamy, F., J. Kaiser, U. Ninnemann, D. Hebbeln, H. W. Arz, J. Stoner. 2004. Antarctic Timing of
Surface Water Changes off Chile and Patagonian Ice Sheet Response. Science, vol. 304, 1959-1962
128:
ice extended to the present-day
Argentine coast. With each successive glaciation it is known that the ice has stopped further and further to the west, with
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175:(17,500 years ago), the rapid melting of the northernmost extension of the Patagonian Ice Sheet resulted in a dramatic release of
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Note: Glaciers are ordered by latitude from north to south. Mountains with significant glaciers are shown
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survives today on land occupied by the ice sheet. However, there are indications that during the last
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and altering its circulation, resulting in significant ecological changes both locally and remotely.
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31:. Selected modern settlements are shown with yellow dots. Sea level was much lower than shown here.
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gradients during glacial periods were even steeper than the extremely steep ones of present-day
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always serving as the decisive factor halting glacier spread: it is believed that the east-west
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of about 1.2 meters. However, during the first glacial period at the beginning of the
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During the last ice age the
Patagonian Ice Sheet created the elongated and forested
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155:. This is because the flora remaining to the north of the ice were isolated by the
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151:, the Patagonian Ice Sheet did not cause major extinctions or
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Map showing the extent of the
Patagonian Ice Sheet in the
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centered in the southern Andes that existed during the
89:sheet extended beyond the crest of the Andes into
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120:The ice-volume reduction contributed to a
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167:occurred. In fact, most of the original
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179:to the adjacent ocean, decreasing its
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59:was a large elongated and narrow
67:. The ice sheet covered all of
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115:Southern Patagonian Ice Fields
1:
596:Southern Patagonian Ice Field
513:Northern Patagonian Ice Field
252:Southern Patagonian Ice Field
247:Northern Patagonian Ice Field
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257:Katalalixar National Reserve
75:plus the western fringes of
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163:easily wherever suitable
790:Quaternary South America
262:Geography of Argentina
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770:Glaciers of Argentina
147:or the ice sheets of
122:global sea level rise
65:Llanquihue glaciation
38:
22:
785:Ecology of Patagonia
765:Geology of Patagonia
227:10.1029/2005GL024477
153:loss of biodiversity
145:Laurentide Ice Sheet
57:Patagonian Ice Sheet
736:47.0000°S 73.0000°W
732: /
29:last glacial period
741:-47.0000; -73.0000
267:Geography of Chile
53:
33:
25:Strait of Magellan
775:Glaciers of Chile
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664:Cordillera Darwin
503:Gran Campo Nevado
159:and were able to
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490:Mocho-Choshuenco
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27:area during the
16:Former ice sheet
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342:Nevado del Ruiz
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303:Andean glaciers
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169:Antarctic flora
149:Northern Europe
45:Puerto Williams
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311:Tropical Andes
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157:Atacama Desert
43:seen south of
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654:Tyndall/Geike
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634:Perito Moreno
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442:San Francisco
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335:Pico Bonpland
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328:Pico Humboldt
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313:(11° N–20° S)
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165:microclimates
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134:precipitation
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526:Exploradores
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321:Pico Bolívar
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173:deglaciation
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107:Colhue Huapi
97:such as the
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73:Puerto Montt
56:
54:
739: /
604:Jorge Montt
556:San Quintín
461:(35°–55° S)
411:(20°–35° S)
143:Unlike the
126:Pleistocene
780:Ice sheets
760:Glaciology
754:Categories
727:73°00′00″W
724:47°00′00″S
708:in italics
541:San Rafael
483:Villarrica
476:Sollipulli
398:Chacaltaya
363:Chimborazo
187:References
177:freshwater
682:Marinelli
677:Garibaldi
614:O'Higgins
459:Wet Andes
448:Tupungato
437:La Paloma
431:Marmolejo
409:Dry Andes
384:Sabancaya
377:Huascarán
242:Ice sheet
138:Patagonia
91:Argentina
80:Patagonia
77:Argentine
71:south of
61:ice sheet
692:Stopanni
687:Romanche
672:Alemania
609:Bernardo
497:Tronador
370:Alpamayo
356:Cotopaxi
349:Antisana
236:See also
181:salinity
161:speciate
111:Northern
99:Yagagtoo
41:drumlins
639:Dickson
619:Brüggen
586:Steffen
581:Colonia
531:Reicher
130:aridity
103:Musters
649:Amalia
629:Upsala
624:Viedma
576:Cachet
566:Benito
536:Gualas
521:Grosse
424:Juncal
418:Polish
391:Ampato
105:, and
561:Soler
546:Fiero
468:Other
95:lakes
69:Chile
49:Chile
644:Grey
551:Leon
113:and
85:The
55:The
571:Nef
223:doi
87:ice
756::
195:^
140:.
117:.
101:,
82:.
47:,
710:.
295:e
288:t
281:v
225::
51:.
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