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her illness led to her death. As her condition worsened significantly on the night of April 3, 1941 her family sent a carriage to fetch the doctor, but he did not come. Ultimately, Parvin E'tesami passed away on April 4, 1941 at the age of 34 in Tehran and was buried in the family mausoleum at the shrine of
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Parvin E'tesami contracted typhoid in March 1941. At that time, her brother, Abolfath E'tesami, was preparing her collected works for a second printing. However, Parvin’s deteriorating condition led to her being bedridden at home on March 24, 1941. It is said that negligence by her doctor in treating
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E'tesami was around seven or eight years old when her poetic ability was revealed. Through her father's encouragement, she versified some literary pieces which were translated from western sources by her father. In 1921 to 1922, some of her earliest known poems were published in the
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Contemporary
Persian and Classical Persian are the same language, but writers since 1900 are classified as contemporary. At one time, Persian was a common cultural language of much of the non-Arabic Islamic world. Today it is the official language of
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In her short life, she managed to achieve great fame amongst her fellow
Iranians. E'tesami's poetry follows the classical Persian tradition, its form and its substance. She remained unaffected by or perhaps ignored the modernistic trends in
415:. Abolfath E'tesami, Parvin's brother, cited the reason for the separation as mentality and ethical differences between the two, stating that her husband's military mindset was incompatible with Parvin's gentle and free-spirited nature.
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The poems "Gem and Stone", "Oh Bird", "Orphan's Tears", "Desired Child", "Our
Lightning is the Oppression of Richness", "Effort and Action", and "Sorrow of Poverty" are among the most well-known poems she penned at a young age.
65:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
603:, in the Office of Cultural Assemblies and Activities. It is held in different categories of poetry, fiction, dramatic literature, research literature, children's and adolescent poetry, children's and adolescent stories.
623:. She passed away in her mother's arms. After her death, a poem was found that she wrote for her own tombstone. The poem was inscribed on her tombstone. Some couplets of the poem are translated from Farsi below:
556:. According to Moayyad: "Parvin wrote about men and women of different social backgrounds, a wide-ranging array of animals, birds, flowers, trees, cosmic and natural elements, objects of daily life,
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wrote an introduction to her work. The second edition of her book, edited by her brother Abu'l Fatha E'tesami, appeared shortly after her death in 1941. It consisted of 209 different compositions in
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Parvin never spoke about this unsuccessful marriage until the end of her life, and only composed a poem on the subject, the first three verses of which begin with these lines (translated from Farsi):
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Ashtiani (E'tesam-al-Molk). Her paternal grandfather was Mirza
Ebrahim Khan Mostawfi Etesam-al-Molk. Her grandfather Mirza Ebrahim Khan Mostawfi Etesam-al-Molk was originally from
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the early 1920s, when she was just a teenager. Throughout her life, E`tesami's work was a marriage of the traditional and modern; while her poetic style eschewed the new
552:(debate), claims the largest portions of E'tesami's Divan. She composed approximately sixty-five poems in the style of monazara and seventy-five anecdotes, fables, and
1116:"A Nightingale's Lament. Selections from the Poems and Fables of Parvin E'tesami (1907-1941). Translated from the Persian by Heshmat Moayyad and A. Margaret Madelung"
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in Tehran, an
American high school for girls where she graduated in 1924. Afterwards, she taught for a while at that school. For her graduation she wrote the poem,
510:. In the arrangement of her poetry book, there are approximately 42 untitled Qasidas and Qet'as . These works follower a didactic and philosophical styles of
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Parvin E'tesami married her father's cousin, Fazlollah E'tesami
Ashtiani, on July 10, 1934, and four months after their engagement and marriage, they moved
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in
Kermanshah. After living with her husband for nearly two months, Parvin returned to her father's house, and nine months later, on August 5, 1935, they
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The lyrics of Parvīn Eʿteṣāmī (died 1940) are regarded as near classics, despite a trace of sentimentality in their sympathetic treatment of the poor.
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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1253:"گنجور » پروین اعتصامی » دیوان اشعار » مثنویات، تمثیلات و مقطعات » شمارهٔ ۱۶۶ - این قطعه را برای سنگ مزار خودم سرودهام"
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On April 4, 1941, Parvin
Etesami died. On October 19, 2006, her home was designated as a national historic site in Iran.
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early in her life, and in addition to the formal schooling, she obtained a solid understanding of Arabic and classical
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In 1936, E'tesami was awarded by Reza Shah
Pahlavi the third-degree Iran Medal of Art and Culture, but she declined.
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing
Persian Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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Parvin E'tesami began writing poetry from a young age; her first published works appeared in the Iranian magazine
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In 1926, she received an invitation to become the tutor of the queen of the new Pahlavi court, but she refused.
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On July 10, 1934, she was married to a cousin of her father, Fazlollah E'tesami, and they moved to the city of
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1043:بهمن، مهناز (۱۳۸۹). پروین اعتصامی (چهرههای درخشان). تهران: انتشارات مدرسه. ص. ۲۰ شابک ۹۷۸-۹۶۴-۳۸۵-۲۰۷-۸.
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1242:بهمن، مهناز (۱۳۸۹). پروین اعتصامی (چهرههای درخشان). تهران: انتشارات مدرسه. ص. ۲۵ شابک ۹۷۸-۹۶۴-۳۸۵-۲۰۷-۸.
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A THOUSAND YEARS OF GREAT FEMALE PERSIAN CLASSICAL POETS: From Rabi'a Balkh to Parvin E'tesami
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Parvin E'tesami's house became an Iranian national heritage site on October 19, 2006.
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Parvin Etisami Literary Award was started in 2003 by the cultural assistant of the
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1383:"Intertextual Approach towards Ethical Teachings of Parvin E'tesami and Mowlavi".
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1313:"'The Female Rumi' and Feminine Mysticism: 'God's Weaver' by Parvin Iʿtisami"
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Parvin E'tesami's handwriting, the poem she composed for her own tombstone
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E'tesami had four brothers, her mother died in 1973. Her family moved to
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women: Global Women's Issues
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styles and adhered closely to the forms and structures of classical
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Other than reproach and the bitterness of thorns, what did you see?
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797:"كارواني از شعر: گنجينهاي از اثار ارزنده هزار و صد ساله شعر ايران"
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Her father died in 1938, and she died only three years later of
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994:"FEMINIST MOVEMENTS iii. IN THE PAHLAVI PERIOD, Hamideh Sedghi"
969:"Parvin Etesami; Shining jewel in Persian literature's history"
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1015:"Audio version of Parvin Etesami's divan released in Armenian"
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917:. Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. VIII, Fasc. 6. pp. 666–669
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1079:. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. p. 412.
518:. Several other Qasidas, particularly in the description of
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from her father. At the age of 8 she started writing poems.
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Oh flower, in the company of the garden, what did you see?
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In 1938–39 she worked for several months at the library of
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and was appointed financial controller of the province of
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Encyclopedia of Persian Literature: دانشنامه ادبیات ایران
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Other than a petty buyer in the market, what did you see?
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845:. Encyclopedia Iranica, Vol. VIII, Fasc. 6. p. 666
568:, education, and the supreme importance of knowledge".
1101:"Parvin E'tesami, Unmatched Cultural Treasure of Iran"
839:"Etesami, Mirza Yusuf Khan Ashtiani, Etesam-al-Molk"
682:
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Oh captive bird, besides the cage what did you see?
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You went to the meadow but a cage became your fate,
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811:"Persian Language & Literature: Parvin Etesami"
259:; March 17, 1907 – April 4, 1941), better known as
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671:Blessed is the one who, in this world of torment,
1419:Parvin E'tesami's biography, Iran Chamber Society
633:Though she saw nothing but bitterness from life,
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586:
1494:Inscription of Xerxes the Great in Van Fortress
887:Bashiri Working Papers on Central Asia and Iran
294:Parvin E'tesami was born on March 17, 1907 in
83:accompanying your translation by providing an
49:Click for important translation instructions.
36:expand this article with text translated from
1439:
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668:When they reach this point, is but a beggar.
636:Her words are sweet, as sweet as you desire.
1354:Encyclopedia of Women & Islamic Cultures
662:This is the final destination of existence.
537:(Journey of a tear) counts among the finest
533:According to Professor Heshmat Moayyad, her
1187:Motie, Hossein; مطیع, حسین (22 June 2018).
941:"Persian poet Parvin E'tesami commemorated"
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674:Becomes the cause of someone else's solace.
653:The dust in the eyes is deeply tormenting,
367:reform against compulsory hijab (veiling).
1499:Achaemenid inscription in the Kharg Island
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217:Fazlollah E'tesami (1934–1935, separation)
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3500:and one of the two official languages of
1317:British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies
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659:Whoever you are, wherever you come from,
1368:. Independently Published. p. 400.
601:Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance
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434:Oh radiant candle, with all this light,
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656:The stone on the chest feels so heavy.
630:the star of the literary sky, Parvin .
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1346:"Arts: Poets and Poetry: Iran: Modern"
909:Moayyad, Heshmat (December 15, 1998).
837:Moayyad, Heshmat (December 15, 1998).
734:
490:(another form of Persian poetry), and
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771:C. Kramarae and D. Splender (2000).
466:(Spring). The first edition of her
388:. She was buried near her father in
18:
1159:Allen, Roger M.A. (July 20, 1998).
639:The one who owned all those words,
627:This dark earth is now her pillow,
268:
252:
13:
1364:; Mahsati, Rabe`eh Balkhi (2020).
1273:
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1161:"Islamic arts - The modern period"
1077:Parvin E'tesami: Life & Poetry
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1534:Counsels of Adurbad-e Mahrspandan
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865:"Khayam Persian Calendar Program"
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665:A person, no matter how wealthy,
16:Iranian 20th-century Persian poet
3567:Burials at Fatima Masumeh Shrine
2461:
1290:; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John;
1061:(in Persian). 112–114 (10): 2–5.
685:
522:, show influences from the poet
23:
3463:Mohammad Ebrahim Bastani Parizi
2894:Mohammad Hanif (Iranian writer)
1245:
1215:"Persian Poet, Parvin E'tesami"
1207:
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1055:"دیباچه: سالشمار پروین اعتصامی"
1053:فخری, اذر (6 September 2024).
1046:
1007:
986:
881:Bashiri, Iraj (February 2001).
271:), was an Iranian 20th-century
95:{{Translated|fa|پروین اعتصامی}}
2534:Mahmoud Mosharraf Azad Tehrani
1554:Karnamak-i Artaxshir-i Papakan
1298:(3rd ed.). Brill Online.
857:
789:
764:
723:
93:You may also add the template
1:
2642:Mohammad-Reza Shafiei Kadkani
1882:Abu'l Hasan Mihyar al-Daylami
1632:
1329:10.1080/13530194.2021.1971513
716:
587:Parvin Etisami Literary Award
1219:Islamic Republic News Agency
1103:. Women NCRI. 15 March 2022.
548:Another form of poetry, the
7:
2345:Mohammad Qoli Salim Tehrani
1311:Fomeshi, Behnam M. (2021).
775:. Routledge. p. 1273.
678:
398:
392:, near the Masumeh shrine.
10:
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3547:20th-century women writers
3522:20th-century Iranian poets
2423:Mirza Mohammad Taqi Sepehr
1516:
730:Profile of Parvin E'tesami
379:Tarbiat Moallem University
57:Machine translation, like
3562:Deaths from typhoid fever
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2647:Mohammad-Hossein Shahriar
2484:
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2183:Emad al-Din Faqih Kermani
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1574:Shahrestanha-ye Eranshahr
1524:
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1411:Poetry of Parvin E'tesami
1280:Ahmed, Amr Taher (2017).
1132:10.1080/S0021086200007817
1114:Sandler, Rivanne (1985).
290:Sketch of Parvin E'tesami
231:
221:
213:
205:
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173:
144:
135:
128:
121:
38:the corresponding article
3062:Mirza Fatali Akhundzadeh
2105:Zartosht Bahram e Pazhdo
1928:Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi
1824:Fakhruddin As'ad Gurgani
1484:Old Persian inscriptions
996:. Enycyclopaedia Iranica
947:. Iran Daily. 2021-03-16
883:"Parvin E'tesami's Life"
606:
494:forms. It totaled 5606
359:She was a member of the
129:
3412:Houshang Moradi Kermani
3016:Houshang Moradi Kermani
3011:Jaafar Modarres-Sadeghi
2996:Mohammad-Ali Jamalzadeh
2907:Zeyn al-Abedin Maraghei
2407:Zayn al-Abidin Shirvani
2381:Abbas Foroughi Bastami
1466:
1193:. Booktab Publication.
1165:Encyclopedia Britannica
441:
281:
167:Sublime State of Persia
104:For more guidance, see
2864:Ghassem Hashemi Nezhad
2415:Reza-Qoli Khan Hedayat
2036:Shams al-Din Qays Razi
1779:Khwaja Abdullah Ansari
1296:Encyclopaedia of Islam
752:. Encyclopædia Iranica
676:
596:
526:. There are also some
454:
439:
377:, (currently known as
291:
3537:Iranian women writers
3400:Children's literature
3257:Rasoul Mollagholipour
3147:Rakhshan Bani-E'temad
3090:Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi
3085:Alireza Koushk Jalali
3031:Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi
2917:Shahriyar Mandanipour
2159:Shah Ni'matullah Wali
2003:Kamal al-Din Esfahani
1844:Ayn-al-Quzat Hamadani
1615:Shikand-gumanig Vizar
1598:Anthology of Zadspram
1344:Ghomi, Heidi (2009).
625:
617:Fatima Masumeh Shrine
594:
449:
420:
375:Danesh-Saraay-e 'Aali
289:
106:Knowledge:Translation
77:copyright attribution
3297:Sohrab Shahid-Saless
3162:Pouran Derakhshandeh
3142:Mohammad Reza Aslani
3080:Amir Reza Koohestani
2839:Ali Mohammad Afghani
2509:Mohammad Reza Aslani
2438:Mahmud Saba Kashani
2174:Fazlallah Astarabadi
2050:Afdal al-Din Kashani
2045:Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī
1995:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
1877:Afdal al-Din Kashani
1691:Abu Tahir Khosrovani
1479:Behistun Inscription
815:Iran Chamber Society
642:Is now asking for a
450:E'tesami's grave in
245:Rakhshandeh E'tesami
149:Rakhshandeh E'tesami
3557:Iranian women poets
3222:Varuzh Karim-Masihi
2961:Abolhassan Etessami
2879:Mahmoud Dowlatabadi
2731:Abdul Ali Mustaghni
2716:Khalilullah Khalili
2656:Manouchehr Sheybani
2632:Tahereh Saffarzadeh
2539:Mohammad-Taqi Bahar
2496:Mehdi Akhavan-Sales
2138:Zu'l-Fiqar Shirvani
1983:Faramarz-e Khodadad
1569:Shabuhragan of Mani
472:Mohammad Taqi Bahar
332:She studied at the
236:Abolhassan E'tesami
3366:Ebrahim Pourdavoud
3351:Ahmad Kamyabi Mask
3321:Najaf Daryabandari
3182:Behrouz Gharibpour
3026:Shahrnush Parsipur
3001:Aboutorab Khosravi
2903:Aboutorab Khosravi
2767:Gulrukhsor Safieva
2685:Edward Haghverdian
2349:Rasa Salim Tehrani
2068:Abu'l Majd Tabrizi
2055:Fakhr-al-Din Iraqi
1711:Abusaeid Abolkheir
1650:Muhammad ibn Wasif
1605:Zand-i Wahman yasn
1564:Dana-i Menog Khrat
1549:Book of Arda Viraf
1455:Persian literature
1286:. In Fleet, Kate;
1283:"Iʿtiṣāmī, Parvīn"
911:"EʿTEṢĀMĪ, PARVĪN"
701:Forough Farrokhzad
597:
455:
363:and supported the
334:Iran Bethel School
327:Persian literature
292:
200:Iran Bethel School
85:interlanguage link
3552:Poets from Tabriz
3509:
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3485:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3432:Farhad Hasanzadeh
3371:Hamid Samandarian
3312:Amrollah Abjadian
3277:Fereydoun Rahnema
3242:Mohsen Makhmalbaf
3227:Samuel Khachikian
3212:Ebrahim Hatamikia
3123:Mohammad Yaghoubi
3119:Mirza Aqa Tabrizi
2986:Houshang Golshiri
2899:Houshang Golshiri
2859:Mahshid Amirshahi
2844:Ghazaleh Alizadeh
2827:
2826:
2762:Abolqasem Lahouti
2757:Iskandar Khatloni
2670:Fereydoon Moshiri
2617:Mohammad Mokhtari
2577:Forugh Farrokhzad
2529:Manouchehr Atashi
2452:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2441:
2435:
2427:
2419:
2411:
2403:
2384:
2373:
2336:
2332:Abdul-Qādir Bēdil
2325:
2312:
2304:
2275:
2271:Muhtasham Kashani
2267:
2243:
2235:
2227:
2123:Nozhat al-Majales
2119:
2077:
2064:
2060:Mahmud Shabistari
2027:Abu Tahir Tarsusi
2012:
1999:
1991:
1980:
1972:
1964:
1932:
1913:Suzani Samarqandi
1857:Abu-al-Faraj Runi
1848:
1820:
1812:
1808:Masud Sa'd Salman
1804:
1796:
1783:
1775:
1767:
1723:
1715:
1686:Abu Shakur Balkhi
1623:
1622:
1559:Cube of Zoroaster
1529:Ayadgar-i Zariran
1507:
1506:
1391:(4): 9–56. 2017.
1375:978-1-705-37023-0
1086:978-1-505-67223-7
915:iranicaonline.org
843:iranicaonline.org
746:Heshmat Moayyad.
558:abstract concepts
298:to parent, Mirza
257:Raḵšanda Eʿteṣāmī
242:
241:
117:
116:
50:
46:
3574:
3453:Aydin Aghdashloo
3282:Rasul Sadr Ameli
3272:Kambuzia Partovi
3232:Abbas Kiarostami
3217:Abdolreza Kahani
3197:Ebrahim Golestan
3177:Farrokh Ghaffari
3172:Bahman Farmanara
3105:Abbas Nalbandian
2981:Ebrahim Golestan
2948:Jalal Al-e-Ahmad
2884:Soudabeh Fazaeli
2782:Mirzo Tursunzoda
2777:Payrav Sulaymoni
2612:Shams Langeroodi
2568:Parviz Eslampour
2524:Aminollah Rezaei
2491:Ahmadreza Ahmadi
2482:
2481:
2469:
2468:
2458:
2457:
2439:
2433:
2425:
2417:
2409:
2401:
2382:
2371:
2340:Naw'i Khabushani
2334:
2323:
2310:
2302:
2273:
2265:
2241:
2233:
2225:
2169:Abu Ali Qalandar
2117:
2075:
2062:
2010:
1997:
1989:
1978:
1970:
1958:
1951:Najm al-Din Razi
1930:
1846:
1818:
1810:
1802:
1794:
1781:
1773:
1765:
1721:
1713:
1640:
1639:
1629:
1628:
1594:Dadestan-i Denig
1513:
1512:
1463:
1462:
1448:
1441:
1434:
1425:
1424:
1415:
1400:
1379:
1357:
1340:
1307:
1285:
1267:
1266:
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1263:
1249:
1243:
1240:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1225:
1211:
1205:
1204:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1172:
1171:
1156:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1146:
1126:(2–4): 437–448.
1111:
1105:
1104:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1050:
1044:
1041:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1026:
1011:
1005:
1004:
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1001:
990:
984:
983:
981:
980:
973:Mehr News Agency
965:
956:
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925:
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869:
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854:
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834:
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824:
822:
821:
807:
801:
800:
793:
787:
786:
768:
762:
761:
759:
757:
743:
732:
727:
695:
690:
689:
541:ever written in
361:Kanoun-e-Banovan
339:A Twig of a Wish
318:administration.
270:
254:
180:
158:
156:
140:
119:
118:
96:
90:
63:Google Translate
48:
44:
27:
26:
19:
3582:
3581:
3577:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3572:
3571:
3542:Iranian writers
3512:
3511:
3510:
3505:
3477:
3468:Ehsan Yarshater
3441:
3427:Poopak NikTalab
3395:
3386:Ahmad Tafazzoli
3301:
3292:Parviz Shahbazi
3247:Dariush Mehrjui
3207:Abolfazl Jalili
3127:
3045:
3006:Mostafa Mastoor
2971:Simin Daneshvar
2936:
2932:Iraj Pezeshkzad
2927:Mansour Koushan
2874:Simin Daneshvar
2823:
2807:
2791:
2735:
2689:
2673:
2664:She'r-e Nimaa'i
2627:Yadollah Royaee
2602:Siavash Kasraie
2582:Hossein Monzavi
2572:Parvin E'tesami
2559:Hushang Ebtehaj
2549:Simin Behbahani
2504:Qeysar Aminpour
2480:
2463:
2444:
2387:
2377:Neshat Esfahani
2352:
2308:Asir-e Esfahani
2283:
2251:
2186:
2142:
2095:Bahram-e-Pazhdo
2032:Awhadi Maraghai
2015:
1941:Falaki Shirvani
1918:Hassan Ghaznavi
1896:
1892:Mahsati Ganjavi
1852:Uthman Mukhtari
1746:
1654:
1634:
1619:
1610:Drakht-i Asurig
1520:
1503:
1470:
1457:
1452:
1413:
1407:
1382:
1376:
1356:. Brill Online.
1292:Rowson, Everett
1276:
1274:Further reading
1271:
1270:
1261:
1259:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1241:
1232:
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1213:
1212:
1208:
1201:
1185:
1181:
1169:
1167:
1157:
1153:
1144:
1142:
1120:Iranian Studies
1112:
1108:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1087:
1070:
1066:
1059:کتاب ماه ادبیات
1051:
1047:
1042:
1033:
1024:
1022:
1013:
1012:
1008:
999:
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992:
991:
987:
978:
976:
967:
966:
959:
950:
948:
939:
938:
929:
920:
918:
907:
900:
891:
889:
879:
872:
867:. Payvand News.
863:
862:
858:
848:
846:
835:
828:
819:
817:
809:
808:
804:
795:
794:
790:
783:
769:
765:
755:
753:
744:
735:
728:
724:
719:
706:Simin Behbahani
691:
684:
681:
609:
589:
444:
401:
306:, but moved to
300:Yussef E'tesami
284:
261:Parvin E'tesami
226:Yussef E'tesami
196:Alma mater
191:
182:
178:
169:
160:
154:
152:
151:
150:
131:
124:
123:Parvin E'tesami
113:
112:
111:
94:
88:
51:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3580:
3570:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3507:
3506:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3483:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3476:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3449:
3447:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3439:
3437:Ramak NikTalab
3434:
3429:
3424:
3422:Hengameh Mofid
3419:
3417:Babak NikTalab
3414:
3409:
3407:Samad Behrangi
3403:
3401:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3346:Saleh Hosseini
3343:
3341:Ramak NikTalab
3338:
3336:Sadegh Hedayat
3333:
3328:
3326:Mohammad Ghazi
3323:
3318:
3316:Jaleh Amouzgar
3313:
3309:
3307:
3303:
3302:
3300:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3287:Mohammad Sadri
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3252:Reza Mirkarimi
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3187:Bahman Ghobadi
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3167:Asghar Farhadi
3164:
3159:
3157:Hajir Darioush
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3135:
3133:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3125:
3120:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3100:Hengameh Mofid
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3066:Mohsen Yalfani
3064:
3059:
3053:
3051:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3043:
3038:
3036:Bahram Sadeghi
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2991:Sadegh Hedayat
2988:
2983:
2978:
2976:Nader Ebrahimi
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2950:
2944:
2942:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2854:Reza Amirkhani
2851:
2846:
2841:
2835:
2833:
2829:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2821:
2819:Muhammad Iqbal
2815:
2813:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2805:
2799:
2797:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2787:Satim Ulugzade
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2747:Sadriddin Ayni
2743:
2741:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2733:
2728:
2726:Massoud Nawabi
2723:
2721:Youssof Kohzad
2718:
2713:
2708:
2706:Wasef Bakhtari
2703:
2697:
2695:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2687:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2667:
2657:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2637:Sohrab Sepehri
2634:
2629:
2624:
2622:Nosrat Rahmani
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2519:Ahmad NikTalab
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2500:Hormoz Alipour
2498:
2493:
2488:
2486:
2479:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2465:
2464:
2454:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2442:
2436:
2428:
2420:
2412:
2404:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2385:
2379:
2374:
2366:
2364:Hatef Esfahani
2360:
2358:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2329:
2326:
2318:
2313:
2311:(c. 1620–1648)
2305:
2297:
2291:
2289:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2281:
2276:
2268:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2244:
2236:
2228:
2220:
2218:Kamal Khujandi
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2184:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2150:
2148:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2128:Khwaju Kermani
2125:
2120:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2078:
2070:
2065:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2034:
2029:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2013:
2005:
2000:
1992:
1987:Nizami Ganjavi
1984:
1981:
1973:
1965:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1904:
1902:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
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1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1813:
1805:
1797:
1792:Qatran Tabrizi
1789:
1784:
1776:
1768:
1760:
1754:
1752:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1734:
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1599:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1544:Book of Jamasp
1541:
1536:
1531:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1459:
1458:
1451:
1450:
1443:
1436:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1406:
1405:External links
1403:
1402:
1401:
1380:
1374:
1358:
1341:
1323:(2): 340–350.
1308:
1288:Krämer, Gudrun
1275:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1244:
1230:
1206:
1199:
1179:
1151:
1106:
1092:
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1064:
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1031:
1006:
985:
957:
927:
898:
870:
856:
826:
802:
788:
781:
763:
749:Parvin Etesami
733:
721:
720:
718:
715:
714:
713:
708:
703:
697:
696:
680:
677:
608:
605:
588:
585:
581:Persian poetry
562:social justice
530:in her Diwan.
508:Persian poetry
443:
440:
400:
397:
283:
280:
253:رخشنده اعتصامی
240:
239:
233:
229:
228:
223:
219:
218:
215:
211:
210:
207:
203:
202:
197:
193:
192:
183:
181:(aged 34)
175:
171:
170:
161:
148:
146:
142:
141:
133:
132:
126:
125:
122:
115:
114:
110:
109:
102:
91:
69:
66:
55:
52:
33:
32:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3579:
3568:
3565:
3563:
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3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
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3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3519:
3517:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3488:
3474:
3473:Ahmad Kasravi
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3458:Ali Latifiyan
3456:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3444:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3398:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3381:Jafar Shahidi
3379:
3377:
3376:Jalal Sattari
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3361:Mohammad Moin
3359:
3357:
3356:Ahmad Shamlou
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3331:Lili Golestan
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3304:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
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3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3192:Fereydun Gole
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3152:Bahram Beyzai
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:Saeed Aghighi
3137:
3136:
3134:
3130:
3124:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3070:Bahram Beyzai
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3048:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2941:Short stories
2939:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2922:Abbas Maroufi
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2912:Ahmad Mahmoud
2910:
2908:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2889:Reza Ghassemi
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2869:Reza Baraheni
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2830:
2820:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2810:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2794:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2772:Loiq Sher-Ali
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
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3041:Goli Taraqqi
2966:Javad Mojabi
2956:Sadeq Chubak
2952:Shamim Bahar
2849:Bozorg Alavi
2803:Asad Gulzoda
2660:Nima Yooshij
2597:Bijan Jalali
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2514:Aref Qazvini
2462:Contemporary
2399:Mirza Ghalib
2369:Azar Bigdeli
2328:Saba Kashani
2321:Hazin Lāhiji
2300:Saib Tabrizi
2263:Vahshi Bafqi
2247:Baba Faghani
2223:Ahli Shirazi
2198:Ubayd Zakani
2073:Amir Khusrau
2063:(1288–1320s)
2040:Sultan Walad
1867:Banu Goshasp
1816:Omar Khayyam
1706:Rabia Balkhi
1589:Jamasp Namag
1414:(in Persian)
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1019:Tehran Times
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179:(1941-04-04)
177:4 April 1941
81:edit summary
72:
45:(April 2021)
43:
35:
3532:1941 deaths
3527:1907 births
3502:Afghanistan
3306:Translators
3262:Amir Naderi
3132:Screenplays
3115:Pari Saberi
3095:Bijan Mofid
3021:Bijan Najdi
2711:Raziq Faani
2694:Afghanistan
2607:Esmail Khoi
2564:Bijan Elahi
2440:(1813–1893)
2434:(1808–1854)
2426:(1801–1880)
2418:(1800–1871)
2410:(1779–1837)
2402:(1797–1869)
2383:(1798–1857)
2372:(1722–1781)
2335:(1642–1720)
2324:(1692–1766)
2303:(1607–1670)
2295:Taleb Amoli
2274:(1500–1588)
2266:(1523–1583)
2242:(1487–1524)
2234:(1483–1556)
2226:(1454–1535)
2118:(1238–1314)
2076:(1253–1325)
1998:(1149–1209)
1990:(1141–1209)
1979:(1126–1189)
1971:(1120–1190)
1931:(1155–1191)
1847:(1098–1131)
1819:(1048–1131)
1811:(1046–1121)
1803:(1018–1092)
1795:(1009–1072)
1782:(1006–1088)
1774:(1058–1111)
1766:(1004–1088)
1601:Warshtmansr
1350:Suad Joseph
1257:ganjoor.net
1073:Smith, Paul
711:Mina Assadi
409:gendarmerie
3516:Categories
3498:Tajikistan
3202:Ali Hatami
3110:Akbar Radi
3057:Reza Abdoh
2796:Uzbekistan
2740:Tajikistan
2592:Iraj Mirza
1936:Adib Sabir
1872:Borzu-Nama
1839:Manuchehri
1787:Asadi Tusi
1771:Al-Ghazali
1758:Bābā Tāher
1722:(980–1037)
1714:(967–1049)
1579:Bundahishn
1262:2024-09-06
1224:2023-06-06
1170:2021-04-09
1145:2023-06-06
1025:2021-04-10
1000:2012-12-30
979:2021-04-10
951:2021-04-09
921:2021-04-08
892:2021-04-09
820:2021-04-09
717:References
554:allegories
524:Manuchehri
405:Kermanshah
350:Kermanshah
312:Azerbaijan
206:Occupation
155:1907-03-17
40:in Persian
3446:Essayists
2154:Ibn Yamin
1680:Shahnameh
1633:Classical
1489:Ganjnameh
1397:2008-8027
1337:239191317
1304:1873-9830
1140:245691954
577:modernist
496:distiches
462:magazine
413:separated
232:Relatives
99:talk page
2812:Pakistan
2554:Dehkhoda
2239:Ismail I
2089:Golestān
2011:(d.1248)
1908:Iranshah
1719:Avicenna
1676:Ferdowsi
1294:(eds.).
1075:(2014).
945:Iran Art
849:April 8,
756:April 4,
679:See also
550:monazara
492:stanzaic
476:Mathnawi
399:Marriage
304:Ashtiyan
75:provide
2752:Farzona
2678:Armenia
1968:Khaqani
1887:Mu'izzi
1834:Hujwiri
1701:Bal'ami
1539:Dēnkard
1352:(ed.).
799:. 1985.
573:Baharin
543:Persian
528:Ghazals
460:Persian
314:by the
273:Persian
265:Persian
249:Persian
238:(uncle)
97:to the
79:in the
42:.
2832:Novels
2472:Poetry
2231:Fuzuli
2208:Hatefi
2179:Nasimi
2085:Bustan
1976:Anvari
1961:c.1220
1959:(1142–
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1732:Asjadi
1727:Unsuri
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480:Qasida
354:Tehran
323:Tehran
308:Tabriz
296:Tabriz
222:Father
214:Spouse
163:Tabriz
3050:Plays
2431:Qaani
2392:1800s
2357:1700s
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2191:1400s
2164:Hafez
2147:1300s
2081:Saadi
2020:1200s
1956:Attar
1946:Am'aq
1901:1100s
1862:Sanai
1751:1000s
1348:. In
1333:S2CID
1136:S2CID
648:Yasin
607:Death
512:Sanai
488:Qet'a
468:Diwan
464:Bahar
316:Qajar
59:DeepL
3494:Iran
2485:Iran
2213:Jami
2110:Rumi
1659:900s
1643:800s
1393:ISSN
1370:ISBN
1300:ISSN
1195:ISBN
1081:ISBN
851:2021
777:ISBN
758:2010
514:and
442:Work
282:Life
276:poet
209:Poet
174:Died
145:Born
73:must
71:You
1468:Old
1325:doi
1128:doi
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185:Qom
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