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either case depends on the style of architecture of the house to which the parterre belongs, or to the taste and fancy of the owner. Whatever shapes are adopted, they are generally combined into a symmetrical figure; for when this is not the case the collection of beds ceases to be a parterre, or a flower-garden...In planting parterres there are two different systems; one is to plant only one kind of flower in a bed so as that each bed shall be a mass of one colour, and the other is to plant flowers of different colours in the same bed.
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742:, the annual mass planting of non-hardy flowers as segments of colour which constituted a design. Level substrates and a raised vantage point from which to view the design were required, and so the parterre was revived in a modified style. By now a parterre often meant a collection of flower beds in fairly formal shapes, but often avoiding straight lines, arranged on a lawn, perhaps with some gravel paths, as at
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533:) was a parterre section of plain grass lawn, perhaps with a central feature such as a fountain or statue, and small clipped trees at the corners. A stretch of good lawn was much admired, and these were rather surprisingly popular, especially in England, where year-round rainfall usually meant summer watering was unnecessary to keep a green surface. Other terms included
119:, and their interiors may be planted with flowers or other plants or filled with mulch or gravel. Parterres need not have any flowers at all, and the originals from the 17th and 18th centuries had far fewer than modern survivals or reconstructions. Statues or small evergreen trees, clipped as pyramids or other shapes, often marked points in the pattern, and an
722:. "Open knots" were complicated designs without interlacing; many gentry owners designed these themselves. These were often more heavily planted with flowering plants, and this style was often used for flower gardens at the side of the house. At its simplest it might just be a group of rectangular flower beds, with alleys around them, or designs in "cutwork".
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also congratulated themselves on the superiority of the native gravels. From about 1670, perhaps under the influence of
Versailles, those English owners who could afford them began to install fountains, generally where alleys between plats met up. Statues in or around 17th-century English parterres
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PARTERRES after the
English Manner are the plainest and meanest of all. They should consist only of large Grass-plots all of a Piece, or cut but little, and be encompassed with a Border of Flowers, separated from the Grass-work by a Path of Two or Three Foot wide, laid smooth and sanded over, to make
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Many parterre designs were only "cutwork" in grass and gravel, often of different colours. Reddish "brick dust", mostly brick waste crushed to gravel-sized pieces, was a popular addition to stone. These required less maintenance, and looked good from the upper storeys of the house. In country houses
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of medium-sized trees often ran along the side. Otherwise, the parterre was normally an area of openness, with the various elements very low, contrasting with the height of the house, and with the taller areas of the garden beyond. This made the parterre both a place to be seen - typically everyone
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From the 20th century, apart from a few projects aimed at an authentic restoration, where enough information on the old designs exists, newly planted parterres tend to be small but with complex knot-type designs, much more thickly planted and often with higher box edges than would have been the case
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Parterres of embroidery are now rarely to be met with either in France or
England... Parterres of compartments... are at present common both in France and England...In a word, parterres are now assemblages of flowers in beds or groups, either on a ground of lawn or gravel... The shape of the beds in
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sub-palace at
Versailles, where the king is said to have arrived for dinner with the garden in one colour of flowers, which had all been changed to another colour by the time he left. The relatively small and enclosed garden of the Trianon, originally called the "Palace of Flora", was in effect the
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is a part of a formal garden constructed on a level substrate, consisting of symmetrical patterns, made up by plant beds, plats, low hedges or coloured gravels, which are separated and connected by paths. Typically it was the part of the garden nearest the house, perhaps after a terrace. The view
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Parterre-style areas reappeared in many large gardens from the mid-19th century, now much more lavishly planted with bedded-out flowers, and with less strictly geometrical designs. From around the mid-20th century, as interest in
Baroque gardens revived, garden designers have made many attempts to
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beyond. At the side of the house is a smaller and more complicated parterre in compartments, with flowers, now called the "Cherry Garden". Perhaps as a concession to modern taste, the plats are now planted with 500,000 spring bulbs and wild flowers, which are unlikely to have been an original
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of the house. New houses were often given wide high terraces, from which the parterre could be admired; these were filled in summer with greenhouse plants in pots. No
Baroque broderie parterres have been preserved in their entirety in the original, but in the late 20th century there have been
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Bowling-green or plain
Parterres, the Method of which they own to have receivâd from England, .... of the most Use, and is, above all, the beautifullest with us in England, on Account of the Goodness of our Turf, and that Decency and unaffected Simplicity which it affords to the Eye of the
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The placing of plats in the most prominent positions of the "best garden" seems to have begun in
England in the 1630s, and over the rest of the century a parterre section entirely consisting of plats became a distinct English style, probably used in most gardens, especially those of the
890:, edged with box hedges. Sentinel pyramids of yew stand at the corners. Some early knot gardens have been covered over by lawn or other landscaping but the traces are visible as undulations in the present day landscape. An example of this phenomenon is the early 17th-century garden of
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walking in the parterre, and observers from around it, could see everyone else - but also a place for the most private conversations, as no one else could approach without being seen. The paths are constituted with gravel or (much less often in historical examples) with
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Parterres are the low embellishments of gardens, which have great grace, especially when seen from an elevated position: they are made of borders of several shrubs and sub-shrubs of various colours, fashioned in different manners, as compartments, foliage, embroideries
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of a parterre from inside the house, especially from the upper floors, was a major consideration in its design. The word "parterre" was and is used both for the whole part of the garden containing parterres and for each individual section between the "alleys".
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designs of each section are clipped scrolling designs, symmetrical around a centre, in low hedging punctuated by trees formally clipped into cones; however, their traditional 17th century layout, a broad central gravel walk dividing paired
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part of the garden rather than among the parterres. In French the name is also used for the game of bowls, and the greens it is played on. Several French writers were ready to concede the superiority of
English grass, including
403:, the most prolific garden designer of the mid-century, often brought a wide lawn right up to the terrace of the main garden front, to give Neoclassical houses the appearance of classical buildings in paintings by artists such as
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in the originals. A much larger number of
Victorian parterres have survived in something like their original state, both in houses and public parks and other gardens, and these remain attractive to modern visitors.
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arabesques, against the gravel ground. Little attempt seems to have been made to fit the framework to the shape of the parterre. Beyond (in the shadowed near foreground) paired basins have central jets of water.
824:, Vienna, a sunken parterre before the façade that faced the city was flanked in a traditional fashion with raised walks from which the pattern could best be appreciated. To either side, walls with busts on
817:, each subdivided in four, appears to have survived from the Palace's former (pre-1689) existence as Nottingham House. Subsidiary wings have subsidiary parterres, with no attempt at overall integration.
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recreate or to restore Baroque parterres, at least as regards the layout; planting often continues to be much thicker, and the height of hedges higher, than would have been the case in the originals.
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In top gardens flowers in parterres were typically grown in pots in the greenhouse, and placed into the parterre only for as long as their blooms lasted. This was the system at the
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the nobler Diversions of the Country take place ... ... when the Beauty of Flowers is gone, and Borders are like Graves, and rather a Blemish than Beauty to our finest gardens.
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355:, an English gardener of the early 18th century, advised against using flowers at all in country house gardens for this reason, an extreme position, not often followed:
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near London has been restored, following extensive research, to have a parterre of eight plats, four wide and two deep, facing the main garden front, with a replanted
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pedestals backed by young trees screen the parterre from the flanking garden spaces. Formal baroque patterns have given way to symmetrical paired free scrolling
196:, simple interlaces formed of herbs, either open and infilled with sand, or closed and filled with flowers) was the painter Etienne du PĂ©rac, who returned from
872:, which covers an area of 4 acres (1.6 ha; 160 a; 16,000 m; 170,000 sq ft); it consists of symmetrical wedge-shaped beds filled with
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were always rare, "probably there were never more than twenty examples of it in the whole of England". However, Hampton Court was one prominent example.
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the owner was often only in residence in the summer, when the relatively small range of flowers available at the time had mostly finished their display.
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Parterres tended to survive better the further east one went in Europe, and the imperial Russian palaces have many of the best remaining examples.
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608:. Before 1600 plats had already become usual for forecourts, which were left plain so as not to distract from the entrance front of the house.
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by 1640. Whitehall had 16 relatively small plats with statues in the middle, and in 1662 a much larger bowling-green was added alongside.
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208:, France, where he and Mollet were working. Around 1595, Mollet introduced compartment-patterned parterres to the royal gardens of
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in c. 1700; the restored gardens largely follow this. Plats on the main garden front, and a compartmented parterre to the side.
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Parterre beds laid out ready for planting, with paths gravelled. One half of a symmetrical design flanking a path shown
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Generally any hedging was very low, to enable the patterns to be readable from the main rooms facing the garden of the
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But these remained relatively rare in England, where many earlier knot gardens were replaced with simpler designs of "
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335:, squares or rectangles of grass set in gravel with perhaps some topiary, statues or plants in pots at the corners".
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The third main type of parterre covered a wide range of often rather complicated designs, many harking back to the
407:. Many English parterres were dug up as a result. The flowering plants were often moved to the side of the house.
304:, England, that were so magnificent that they were engraved, which engraving is the only remaining trace of them. "
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in French), then used in the most formal clothes of both men and women at court. Similar styles live on in the
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in Warwickshire the original parterre from the 1800s has been recreated on the terrace overlooking the river.
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In the 19th century parterres were revived in a somewhat different form, coinciding with the availability of
628:(a mangled French version of "bowling-green") was a sunken compartment of fine lawn, typically found in the
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which some, mostly European, countries continue to use to the present day. At the time this style of
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engraved views of the revised horticultural plans of Fontainebleau and Saint-Germain-en-Laye in 1614.
184:, from a dynasty of nurserymen-designers that lasted into the 18th century, developed the parterre in
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Plats typically came in pairs, one on each side of an allée down the central axis. The garden at
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from the mid-century, both very often planned round a snake-like serpentine path. In particular,
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of Versailles, and Le Notre said in 1694 that 2,000,000 flower pots were used there over a year.
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and in eventually Russian-controlled eastern Europe, are often more extensive and extravagant.
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Parterre gardens lost favour in the 18th century and were superseded, within the naturalistic
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described the range of designs in boxwood that a horticulturist should be able to cultivate:
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tended to be castings in lead from the Low Countries, painted to resemble marble or bronze.
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1534:, Center for Advanced Study in the Visual Arts, National Gallery of Art (Washington DC). "
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This article is about the garden design feature. For the theatre seating arrangement, see
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Many restored parterres are increasingly threatened by fungi and insects, especially the
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met with resistance from horticultural patrons for its "naughtie smell" as the herbalist
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parterre inspired many similar parterres throughout Europe, though the parterres in the
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Formal garden feature of symmetrical and level plant beds with gravel paths laid between
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The pattern or the borders of the beds may be marked by low, tightly pruned, evergreen
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Amelie Seck (2019), Deutsche Stiftung Denkmalschutz (ed.), "Was ist eine Broderie?",
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A Garden Miscellany: An Illustrated Guide to the Elements of the Garden pp. 148
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592:, a highly popular, mostly male, sport in England. There were other forms of
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increasing attempts to reconstruct them. In Germany, for example, those of
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Jacques, 151-152 (151 quoted), though he distinguishes between these and
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Princely Gardens: The Origins and Development of the French Formal Style
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1192:"French parterres usually relied on gravel and grass", Quest-Ritson, 81
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style, which emerged in England from the 1720s by flower gardens, or
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1227:(in German), no. 3, Bonn: Monumente Publikationen, p. 49,
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324:. The separation of plant beds of a parterre is denominated an "
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2011:
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in "John Evelyn's "Elysium Britannicum" and European Gardening"
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668:) meant in the Baroque period a plat edged with a thin border (
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TraitĂ© du iardinage selon les raisons de la nature et de lâart
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Parterre at Cliveden with restored 19th-century style planting
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French parterres developed from the patterned compartments of
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The left hand side of the completely symmetrical parterre at
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A plat could double as a bowling-green for early versions of
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1119:"John Evelyn's "Elysium Britannicum" and European Gardening"
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At Kensington Palace, the planting of the parterres was by
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188:. His inspiration in developing the 16th-century patterned
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537:("green carpet"), the name given to the huge one in the
600:, that evolved in the 19th century into sports such as
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Close-up to the box and gravel parterre en broderie at
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Gardens of Court and Country: English Design 1630-1730
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style of spreading and curving branches, derived from
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The Parterre; Or, Whole Art of Forming Flower Gardens
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rather than noble magnates. Among the royal palaces,
312:" denominate cutwork parterres of low growing herbs (
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National Trust audio tour, "The South terrace", 2:40
808:. In an engraving from 1707 to 1708, the up-to-date
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took its name from contemporary styles of metalwork
1472:Marie Luise Schroeter Gothein (11 September 2014).
1039:
Another view of the bed three months after planting
529:A plat (in America entangled with the same word as
1498:
78:with six colours of mineral base, and red flowers.
165:are rather muted; those in palace gardens in the
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1089:
216:. The fully developed scrolling embroidery-like
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1117:OâMalley, Therese; Wolschke-Bulmahn, Joachim.
145:, they became more elaborate and stylised, on
86:Cutwork parterre with only grass and gravels,
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1174:: Dumbarton Oaks Colloquium, 1998, .pp. 81-2,
2812:List of organic gardening and farming topics
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1148:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
701:As well as grass, English writers including
432:Belgian diplomat in his formal uniform with
342:Detail of print of a Dutch castle garden in
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1610:The Parterre at Waddesdon Manor on Youtube
1531:History of Early American Landscape Design
1433:The ladies' companion to the flower garden
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1259:History of Early American Landscape Design
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552:Plats at the far end of the garden of the
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1080:1743, gives a concise contemporary view.
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1605:Illustrated History of Landscape Design
577:in the 1630s, and the Privy Gardens at
476:, more rarely they are in the shape of
14:
3029:
864:. One of the largest in Britain is at
38:. For El Parterre in Puerto Rico, see
1924:
1618:
1051:The same bed 18 months after planting
836:In the UK, modern parterres exist at
697:, based on plans from 1700, July 2014
502:(1753â1758) have been reconstructed.
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1563:The English Garden: A Social History
1248:designs, also rather rare in England
1090:Suzanne Staubach (29 October 2019).
678:The Theory and Practice of Gardening
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1644:
24:
1156:1655 view of Saint-Germain-en-Laye
25:
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1429:Full text from a later redaction
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856:. Examples can also be found in
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1548:, 2017, Yale University Press,
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804:, whose nursery was nearby at
674:Antoine Dezallier dâArgenville
464:was used in many media in the
367:Kensington Palace engraved by
141:". Later, in the 17th century
137:, what are called in England "
13:
1:
1522:
1505:. Random House Incorporated.
320:) as much as closely scythed
1170:, as quoted by Mark Laird,
34:. For theatre audience, see
7:
2843:Index of pesticide articles
1499:Kenneth Woodbridge (1986).
1201:Quoted in Quest-Ritson, 115
840:in Penzance (Cornwall), at
780:
36:Parterre (theater audience)
10:
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1987:Climate-friendly gardening
905:
725:
693:Compartmented parterre at
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135:French Renaissance gardens
29:
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2863:Plant disease forecasting
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2817:Vegan organic agriculture
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2667:Genetically modified tree
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1962:
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1449:Belvedere Palace, Vienna
1059:
676:'s English translation,
556:, detail of painting by
554:Belvedere Palace, Vienna
512:
393:English landscape garden
292:By the 1630s, elaborate
1600:A History of Garden Art
1475:A History of Garden Art
714:Compartmented parterres
685:the greater Distinction
680:(1712) described these:
264:, rosettes, sunbursts (
235:described it. By 1638,
2802:Biodynamic agriculture
2739:Postharvest physiology
2687:Landscape architecture
2384:Indonesian home garden
1580:The History of Gardens
1538:" by Anne L. Helmreich
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639:Dezallier d'Argenville
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97:Victorian parterre at
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2049:Historic conservation
1559:Quest-Ritson, Charles
1417:. Bull. pp. 39â.
1411:C. F. Ferris (1837).
1401:HEALD; Jacques, 66-67
1305:Jacques, 41-42, 68-69
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611:The English gardener
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539:Gardens of Versailles
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507:parterres en broderie
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412:Parterres en broderie
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326:alley of compartiment
294:parterres de broderie
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218:parterres en broderie
210:Saint-Germain-en-Laye
163:gardens of Versailles
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50:
2979:Gardening portal
2878:Aquamog weed remover
2853:List of insecticides
1657:Artificial waterfall
1576:Thacker, Christopher
1341:Jacques, 67, 72, 222
1266:by Anne L. Helmreich
1012:Contemporary gardens
754:Gardening for Ladies
579:Hampton Court Palace
492:Schloss Augustusburg
442:parterre en broderie
373:Britannia Illustrata
306:Parterres de pelouse
222:Alexandre Francini's
159:French formal garden
151:parterre en broderie
76:parterre en broderie
56:parterre en broderie
1351:Spring at Ham House
820:At Prince Eugene's
624:On the continent a
458:diplomatic uniforms
434:goldwork embroidery
72:Oranienbaum, Russia
32:theatre (structure)
2848:List of fungicides
2613:Companion planting
795:
736:
707:Sir William Temple
699:
672:) of low flowers.
562:
527:
438:
426:
377:
348:
310:parterres de gazon
103:
91:
80:
64:
3024:
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2896:Community orchard
2722:drought tolerance
1918:
1917:
1774:Herbaceous border
1571:978-0-14-029502-3
1565:, 2003, Penguin,
1554:978-0-300-22201-2
1512:978-0-8478-0684-3
1485:978-1-108-07615-9
1451:, engraving, 1753
1427:Quoted in HEALD;
1166:Jacques Boyceau,
1103:978-1-60469-977-7
994:Parterres of the
842:Drumlanrig Castle
573:was converted by
558:Bernardo Bellotto
498:(around 1730) or
167:Holy Roman Empire
16:(Redirected from
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2953:Plant collecting
2889:Related articles
2826:Plant protection
2007:French intensive
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1712:Garden buildings
1672:Borrowed scenery
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1096:. Timber Press.
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912:Historic gardens
850:Bodysgallen Hall
822:Belvedere Palace
658:parterre anglais
656:To the French a
594:ground billiards
583:Whitehall Palace
401:Capability Brown
220:first appear in
149:often using the
52:Restoration work
21:
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3042:Garden features
3037:Types of garden
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2958:Turf management
2943:Lists of plants
2938:List of gardens
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1870:Stepping stones
1860:Reflecting pool
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892:Muchalls Castle
870:Buckinghamshire
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744:Waddesdon Manor
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695:Charlecote Park
613:Stephen Switzer
515:
466:decorative arts
423:Vaux-le-Vicomte
415:
353:Stephen Switzer
237:Jacques Boyceau
233:Gervase Markham
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99:Waddesdon Manor
88:Peterhof Palace
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1594:External links
1592:
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1588:978-0856648205
1573:
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1542:Jacques, David
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838:Trereife House
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615:wrote in 1718:
571:Somerset House
545:means "flat".
521:1974 model of
514:
511:
456:embroidery on
414:
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405:Claude Lorrain
202:ChĂąteau d'Anet
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143:Baroque garden
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2873:Weed control
2762:horticulture
2692:Olericulture
2672:Hydroculture
2662:Fruticulture
2640:Floriculture
2569:Permaculture
2556:Horticulture
2063:
1952:Horticulture
1905:Water garden
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1757:Shell grotto
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1133:. Retrieved
1126:the original
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943:Parterre at
927:Parterre at
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139:knot gardens
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3015:WikiProject
2784:Monoculture
2779:Viticulture
2757:agriculture
2717:propagation
2657:HĂŒgelkultur
2579:sustainable
2564:Agriculture
2506:Therapeutic
2486:Shakespeare
2297:Renaissance
2089:Xeriscaping
2084:Sustainable
2079:Square foot
2069:Proplifting
2034:Garden tool
2002:Foodscaping
1815:Moon bridge
1727:Garden room
1717:Garden pond
1383:Jacques, 95
1314:Jacques, 74
1287:Jacques, 69
1264:"Plot/Plat"
1077:Cyclopaedia
945:Schloss Hof
862:Birr Castle
750:Jane Loudon
720:knot garden
670:plate-bande
606:lawn tennis
575:Inigo Jones
505:In England
397:shrubberies
270:escutcheons
40:El Parterre
3031:Categories
2677:Indigenous
2574:stock-free
2546:Zoological
2426:Pollinator
2319:Greenhouse
2262:Sharawadgi
2250:Vietnamese
2211:East Asian
2119:Australian
2074:Raised bed
2039:Green wall
1810:Monopteros
1779:Jeux d'eau
1747:Green wall
1742:Greenhouse
1523:References
1246:scrollwork
1135:2005-06-30
1072:"Parterre"
947:in Austria
802:Henry Wise
775:RHS Wisley
650:wilderness
626:boulingrin
598:lawn games
590:lawn bowls
535:tapis vert
446:embroidery
333:quincunxes
322:turf grass
262:guilloches
258:grotesques
254:arabesques
246:passements
155:embroidery
128:turf grass
60:Wrest Park
2948:Perennial
2911:Floristry
2858:Pesticide
2838:Herbicide
2833:Fungicide
2727:hardiness
2491:Shrubbery
2471:Sculpture
2292:landscape
2221:Cantonese
2196:Container
2191:Community
2159:Byzantine
2154:Butterfly
2144:Botanical
2044:Guerrilla
1992:Community
1982:Butterfly
1977:Arboretum
1972:Allotment
1964:Gardening
1956:gardening
1830:Nymphaeum
1820:Moon gate
1784:Labyrinth
1737:Gloriette
1682:Belvedere
1528:"HEALD",
1233:0941-7125
1225:Monumente
963:, England
881:Santolina
854:Llandudno
653:feature.
646:Ham House
620:Beholder.
560:, c. 1760
523:Ham House
486:bel Ă©tage
478:monograms
474:strapwork
278:monograms
250:moresques
62:, England
18:Parterres
2991:Category
2901:Features
2807:Grafting
2767:forestry
2749:Tropical
2734:Pomology
2707:cuttings
2702:breeding
2536:Wildlife
2516:Tropical
2466:Scottish
2416:Pleasure
2404:Paradise
2399:Charbagh
2369:Monastic
2364:Medieval
2274:Floating
2228:Japanese
2179:Communal
2169:Colonial
2134:Biblical
2099:Types of
2064:Parterre
1875:Stumpery
1850:Pavilion
1840:Parterre
1835:Orangery
1707:Fountain
1582:, 1979,
1536:Parterre
1144:cite web
896:Scotland
866:Cliveden
806:Brompton
781:Examples
462:ornament
454:goldwork
450:broderie
375:(1707/8)
318:camomile
227:Clipped
108:parterre
3003:Commons
2916:Ikebana
2868:Pruning
2794:Organic
2744:Roguing
2630:Cutting
2521:Victory
2496:Spanish
2476:Sensory
2421:Prairie
2389:Persian
2379:Orchard
2344:Kitchen
2339:Keyhole
2334:Italian
2329:Islamic
2324:Hanging
2283:French
2269:Fernery
2257:English
2216:Chinese
2201:Cottage
2129:Baroque
2101:gardens
2054:History
1895:Trellis
1890:Topiary
1885:Terrace
1855:Pergola
1687:Cascade
1677:Bosquet
906:Gallery
887:Senecio
858:Ireland
848:and at
810:Baroque
726:Revival
630:bosquet
602:croquet
470:wreaths
369:Jan Kip
344:Utrecht
286:devises
282:emblems
266:gloires
229:boxwood
200:to the
177:History
117:hedging
2753:Urban
2650:Taiwan
2645:Canada
2608:Botany
2601:Saikei
2596:Bonsai
2541:Winter
2526:Walled
2461:School
2456:Sacred
2411:Physic
2374:Mughal
2354:Market
2309:German
2287:formal
2279:Flower
2245:Korean
2164:Cactus
2149:Bottle
2109:Alpine
2059:Native
2012:Garden
1997:Forest
1752:Grotto
1732:Gazebo
1697:Exedra
1667:Aviary
1662:Avenue
1586:
1569:
1552:
1509:
1482:
1435:, 1865
1231:
1100:
1002:, 1765
1000:Warsaw
982:, 1716
931:, 1910
875:Nepeta
830:rococo
567:gentry
436:, 2011
308:" or "
302:Wilton
186:France
157:. The
101:(2016)
2697:Plant
2635:Flora
2584:urban
2531:Water
2511:Trial
2481:Shade
2441:Roman
2314:Greek
2304:Front
2206:Dutch
2174:Color
1845:Patio
1825:Mound
1793:Hedge
1769:Hedge
1764:Ha-ha
1702:Folly
1445:image
1374:HEALD
1129:(PDF)
1122:(PDF)
1060:Notes
898:. At
852:near
815:plats
513:Plats
496:BrĂŒhl
206:Dreux
204:near
198:Italy
122:allée
54:on a
2618:Crop
2451:Rose
2446:Roof
2436:Rock
2431:Rain
2394:BÄgh
2359:Mary
2349:Knot
2233:Roji
2124:Back
1954:and
1865:Shed
1805:Lawn
1798:Turf
1788:Maze
1692:Deck
1584:ISBN
1567:ISBN
1550:ISBN
1507:ISBN
1480:ISBN
1447:The
1229:ISSN
1150:link
1098:ISBN
884:and
826:herm
705:and
660:(or
637:and
604:and
596:and
581:and
543:plat
472:and
440:The
371:for
314:e.g.
280:and
212:and
194:i.e.
2501:Tea
2238:Zen
2139:Bog
1431:in
998:in
978:in
894:in
868:in
844:in
752:'s
664:or
494:in
328:".
300:in
288:).
268:),
248:),
58:at
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1353:;
1280:^
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1631:t
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20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
