2455:
2228:. Other hadrosaurids had large heads without needing large hollow crests to serve as attachment points for supporting ligaments. Also, none of the proposals explain why the crest has such a shape, why other lambeosaurines should have crests that look much different but perform a similar function, how crestless or solid-crested hadrosaurids got along without such capabilities, or why some hadrosaurids had solid crests. These considerations particularly impact hypotheses based on increasing the capabilities of systems already present in the animal, such as the salt gland and olfaction hypotheses, and indicate that these were not primary functions of the crest. Additionally, work on the nasal cavity of lambeosaurines shows that
7821:
3019:
7816:
6906:
2472:. The skeleton shows a v-shaped gap or notch in the vertebrae at the base of the neck. Originally thought to be pathologic, Parks published a second interpretation of this, as a ligament attachment to support the head. The crest would attach to the gap via muscles or ligaments, and be used to support the head while bearing a frill, like predicted to exist in some hadrosaurids. One other possibility, is that during preparation, the specimen was damaged, creating the possible pathology. The notch, however, is still considered more likely to be a pathology, even though some illustrations of
2011:
6920:
3010:
2506:
1953:
146:
7803:
5848:
930:
2051:
6913:
171:
1893:
2404:
5860:
7827:
705:
1296:
1088:
2150:
2354:, has allowed the reconstruction of the possible sound its crest produced. The main path resonates at around 30 Hz, but the complicated sinus anatomy causes peaks and valleys in the sound. The other main behavioral theory is that the crest was used for intra-species recognition. This means that the crest could have been used for species recognition, as a warning signal, and for other, non-sexual uses. These could have been some of the reasons crests evolved in
5812:
2263:
7810:
1168:
2694:
5836:
5800:
2446:. This led to the frill being depicted in many other sources, though the advent of the now-debunked "snorkel" hypothesis, and conflation of the frill hypothesis with the idea that the crest serves as an anchor point for neck ligaments, along with lack of strong evidence for its presence, has seen it fall out of favor in most modern depictions.
2335:, of a slender stapes (reptilian ear bone) in place, which combined with a large space for an eardrum implies a sensitive middle ear. Furthermore, the hadrosaurid lagena is elongate like a crocodilian's, indicating that the auditory portion of the inner ear was well-developed. Based on the similarity of hadrosaurid
2062:
performed, but most have been discredited. It is now believed that it may have had several functions: visual display for identifying species and sex, sound amplification for communication, and thermoregulation. It is not clear which was most significant at what times in the evolution of the crest and
2491:
was plausibly the result of the dinosaur being hit by a falling tree, perhaps during a severe storm. Based on the regrowth of bone, it is suggested that the hadrosaur survived for at least one to four months to perhaps years after being injured. None of the pathologies on the holotype individual are
2223:
Most of these hypotheses have been discredited or rejected. For example, there is no hole at the end of the crest for a snorkeling function. There are no muscle scars for a proboscis and it is dubious that an animal with a beak would need one. As a proposed airlock, it would not have kept out water.
2041:
of any ontogenetic stage. The endocast was reconstructed in two sections, one on the portion of the braincase articulated with the left half of the skull and the remainder on the disarticulated portion of the braincase. Their relative position was then approximated based on cranial landmarks and
1115:
is estimated at 9.45 metres (31.0 ft), and allometry-based body mass estimates indicate that a 9 metres (30 ft) long individual would have weighed more than 5 metric tons (5.5 short tons). Gregory S. Paul estimated that an average adult individual of the type species would measure 7.5
2253:
and Osmólska, who realized that like modern lizards, dinosaurs could have possessed salt glands, and cooled off by osmo-regulation. In 2006 Evans published an argument about the functions of lambeosaurine crests, and supported why this could be a causing factor for the evolution of the crest.
681:
of large Late
Cretaceous ornithopods that are known for their range of bizarre head adornments, which were likely used for communication and increased hearing. This genus is known for its large, elaborate cranial crest, which forms a long curved tube projecting upwards and back from the
2479:
Another possible pathology was noticed by Parks, and from around the notch. In the fourth, fifth, and sixth vertebrae, directly anterior to the notch, the neural spines were damaged. The fourth had an obvious fracture, with the other two possessing a swelling at the base of the break.
2382:
habits, evidence that sight was important to these animals. If, as is commonly illustrated, a skin frill extended from the crest to the neck or back, the proposed visual display would have been even showier. As is suggested by other lambeosaurine skulls, the crest of
2095:
form. Neither hypothesis became widely accepted. As only six good skulls, one juvenile braincase, and one recently discovered juvenile skull are known, additional material will help clear up these potential relationships. Williamson noted that in any case, juvenile
3063:
swamps, ponds and lakes, and was bordered by highlands. The climate was wet and humid, and supported an abundant and diverse range of organisms. This formation contains one of the best and most continuous records of Late
Cretaceous terrestrial life in the world.
786:
remains are rare in
Alberta, with only one other partial skull that is possibly from the Dinosaur Park Formation and three Dinosaur Park specimens lacking their skulls that possibly belong to the genus. In some faunal lists, there is a mention of possible
3938:
Manucci, F, Dempsey, M, Tanke, D H., et al. Description and etiology of paleopathological lesions in the type specimen of
Parasaurolophus walkeri (Dinosauria: Hadrosauridae), with proposed reconstructions of the nuchal ligament J. Anat. 2020; 00: 1– 15.
1928:. Its teeth were continually being replaced and were packed into dental batteries containing hundreds of teeth, but only a relative handful of which were in use at any time. It used its beak to crop plant material, which was held in the jaws by a
2244:
of the crest also suggests a thermoregulatory function. The first to propose the cranial crests of lambeosaurines related to temperature regulation was
Wheeler (1978). He proposed that there was a nerve connection between the crest and the
979:
species. It lived in New Mexico, where three specimens are known, and can be differentiated from its other species. It possesses a long and straight crest, with a very complex interior compared to the other species. All known specimens of
2030:. The two sides are displaced slightly, with some bones of the right being moved off the main block, also by erosion. After reconstruction, the skull viewed from the side resembles other juvenile lambeosaurines found, being roughly a
960:. One certain specimen from the Dinosaur Park Formation is referred to it, but many more are almost certainly referable. Like stated above, it is different from the other two species, with it having a simpler internal structure than
5172:
Roberts, E.M.; Deino, A.L.; Chan, M.A. (2005). "40Ar/39Ar age of the
Kaiparowits Formation, southern Utah, and correlation of contemporaneous Campanian strata and vertebrate faunas along the margin of the Western Interior Basin".
5332:
2678:
in northern latitude fossil sites may represent faunal exchange between otherwise distinct northern and southern biomes in Late
Cretaceous North America. Both taxa are uncommon outside of the southern biome, where, along with
2290:
is often hypothesized to have used its crest as a resonating chamber to produce low frequency sounds to alert other members of a group or its species. This function was originally suggested by Wiman in 1931 when he described
858:
treatment in 1999 that covered aspects of its anatomy and taxonomy, as well as the functions of its crest. Williamson later published an independent review of the remains that disagreed with the taxonomic conclusions.
4938:
Jasinski, S.E.; Sullivan, R.M. (2011). "Re-evaluation of pachycephalosaurids from the
Fruitland-Kirtland transition (Kirtlandian, late Campanian), San Juan Basin, New Mexico, with a description of a new species of
4528:
Eaton, J.G. (2002). "Multituberculate mammals from the
Wahweap (Campanian, Aquilan) and Kaiparowits (Campanian, Judithian) formations, within and near Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, southern Utah".
2120:
that was similar to but smaller than what is seen in adult specimens; in adults, the frontals formed a platform that supported the base of the crest. This specimen also indicates that the growth of the crest in
2415:
Barnum Brown (1912) noted the presence of fine striations near the back of the crest that he hypothesized could be associated with the presence of a frill of skin, comparable to the one found in the modern
2343:, he also proposed that adult hadrosaurids were sensitive to high frequencies, such as their offspring might produce. According to Weishampel, this is consistent with parents and offspring communicating.
2200:
proposed it was used as a weapon in combat among members of the same species, and Andrew Milner suggested that it could be used as a foliage deflector, like the helmet crest (called a 'casque') of the
1187:. The crest was hollow, with distinct tubes leading from each nostril to the end of the crest before reversing direction and heading back down the crest and into the skull. The tubes were simplest in
4538:
Eaton, J.G.; Cifelli, R.L.; Hutchinson, J.H.; Kirkland, J.I.; Parrish, M.J. (1999). "Cretaceous vertebrate faunas from the
Kaiparowits Plateau, south-central Utah". In Gillete, David D. (ed.).
2295:. He noted that the crest's internal structures are similar to those of a swan and theorized that an animal could use its elongated nasal passages to create noise. However, the nasal tubes of
5535:
Weishampel, David B.; Barrett, Paul M.; Coria, Rodolfo A.; Le Loeuff, Jean; Xu Xing; Zhao Xijin; Sahni, Ashok; Gomani, Elizabeth, M.P.; Noto, Christopher R. (2004). "Dinosaur Distribution".
5266:
Sullivan, R.S.; Williamson, T.E. (1996). "A new skull of Parasaurolophus (long-crested form) from New Mexico: external and internal (CT scans) features and their functional implications".
5616:
Williamson, T.E. (2000). Lucas, Spencer G.; Heckert, Andrew B. (eds.). "Dinosaurs of New Mexico: Review of Hadrosauridae (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the San Juan Basin, New Mexico".
2670:, may represent the remains of individuals who died while migrating through the region. They might also have had a more upland habitat where they may have nested or fed. The presence of
5347:
4061:"Description and etiology of paleopathological lesions in the type specimen of Parasaurolophus walkeri (Dinosauria: Hadrosauridae), with proposed reconstructions of the nuchal ligament"
5333:"Fossil Record 3: The first 'lambeosaurin' (Dinosauria, Hadrosauridae, Lambeosaurinae) from the Upper Cretaceous Ojo Alamo Formation (Naashoibito Member), San Juan Basin, New Mexico"
2370:
identification and communication. As a large object, the crest has clear value as a visual signal and sets this animal apart from its contemporaries. The large size of hadrosaurid
2165:
Many early suggestions focused on adaptations for an aquatic lifestyle, following the hypothesis that hadrosaurids were amphibious, a common line of thought until the 1960s. Thus,
1043:
being a female, many other studies have found that it is not because of the differences in age, distribution, and the large differences in the crest and its internal structure.
2007:, because of this difference in age between when their crests started developing. The crest of the juvenile is not long and tubular like the adults, but low and hemispherical.
2196:
or muscles, and helped with moving and supporting the head. This is unlikely, because in all modern archosaurs, the nuchal ligament attaches to the neck or base of the skull.
692:
from China, which may have been its closest relative, had a similar skull and a potentially similar crest. Visual recognition of both species and sex, acoustic resonance, and
2232:
and corresponding sensory tissue were largely outside the portion of the nasal passages in the crest, so the expansion of the crest had little to do with the sense of smell.
1116:
metres (25 ft) long and weigh 2.6 metric tons (2.9 short tons). Its skull is about 1.6 m (5 ft 3 in) long, including the crest, whereas the type skull of
5320:"The Kirtlandian Land-Vertebrate "Age"-Faunal Composition, Temporal Position, and Biostratigraphic Correlation in the Nonmarine Upper Cretaceous of Western North America"
2331:(interpreted as a possible female). Hopson found that there is anatomical evidence that hadrosaurids had a strong hearing. There is at least one example, in the related
2996:, Troodontidae and Tyrannosauridae. The beginning of the Kirtland Formation dates to 74.55 ± 0.22 mya, with the formation ending at around 73.05 ± 0.25 mya.
4367:
Brett-Surman, Michael K.; Wagner, Jonathan R. (2006). "Appendicular anatomy in Campanian and Maastrichtian North American hadrosaurids". In Carpenter, Kenneth (ed.).
2978:
2840:
1120:
is over 2 m (6 ft 7 in) long, indicating it was a larger animal. Its single known arm was relatively short for a hadrosaurid, with a short but wide
4840:
5288:
2972:
1007:
formations of Utah and New Mexico. The second specimen, the first known from the Kaiparowits Formation, was originally unassigned to a specific taxon. Of the
2966:
8353:
2960:
2797:. The lowermost part of the Fruitland Formation is just younger than 75.56 ± 0.41 mya, with the uppermost boundary dating to 74.55 ± 0.22 mya.
1015:
is the smallest and has the most curved crest. Because of its possession of the two above features, it has often been speculated that it was a female of
5737:
2192:
Other proposals were more mechanical in nature. William Parks, in 1922, suggested that the crest was joined to the vertebrae above the shoulders by
2327:, although there was some difference in the range of individual species because of the crest size, shape, and nasal passage length, most obvious in
1987:
growth stages, and lived approximately 75 million years ago. Even though no complete skull of the intermediate age between RAM 14000 and adult
1143:
Like other hadrosaurids, it was able to walk on either two legs or four. It probably preferred to forage for food on four legs, but ran on two. The
8418:
5550:
847:
803:
age. This occurrence is not noted by Sullivan and Williamson in their 1999 review of the genus and has not been further elaborated upon elsewhere.
8312:
1991:
has been found yet, a partial braincase of about the right size is known. At 25% of the total adult size, the juvenile show that crest growth of
2042:
comparison with other hadrosaurids. Because of weathering, many of the smaller neural canals and foramina could not be identified for certain.
696:
have been proposed as functional explanations for the crest. It is one of the rarer hadrosaurids, known from only a handful of good specimens.
5913:
5442:
4989:
4919:
Horner, J.A.; Weishampel, D.B.; Forster, C.A. (2004). "Hadrosauridae". In Weishampel, David B.; Osmólska, Halszka; Dodson, Peter (eds.).
5648:"New Basal Hadrosauroid Dinosaur (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) with Transitional Features from the Late Cretaceous of Henan Province, China"
749:
768, a skull and partial skeleton missing most of the tail and the back legs below the knees, which was found by a field party from the
8403:
1963:
is known from many adult specimens, and a juvenile described in 2013, numbered RAM 140000 and nicknamed Joe, after a volunteer at the
3043:
indicates that the Kaiparowits Formation was deposited between 76.6 and 74.5 million years ago, during the Campanian age of the Late
1076:
4504:
8413:
8299:
4059:
Bertozzo, Filippo; Manucci, Fabio; Dempsey, Matthew; Tanke, Darren H.; Evans, David C.; Ruffell, Alastair; Murphy, Eileen (2020).
5699:
Zanno, L.E.; Sampson, S.D. (2005). "A new oviraptorosaur (Theropoda; Maniraptora) from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) of Utah".
17:
5646:
Xing, H.; Wang, D.; Han, F.; Sullivan, C.; Ma, Q.; He, Y.; Hone, D.W.E.; Yan, R.; Du, F.; Xu, X. (2014). Evans, David C. (ed.).
5359:
8363:
2116:, provides evidence that a small tubular crest was present in juveniles. This specimen preserves a small upward flaring of the
7820:
8423:
6905:
5892:
5397:
5364:, n. gen., n. sp., (Pterosauria, ?Azhdarchidae) from the Upper Cretaceous Kirtland Formation (upper Campanian) of New Mexico"
5240:
5104:
5053:
4978:
4928:
4789:
4547:
4493:
4376:
4357:
4338:
3722:
1964:
952:. All of them can be clearly distinguished from each other and have many differences. The first named species, therefore the
8368:
3047:
period. During the Late Cretaceous period, the site of the Kaiparowits Formation was located near the western shore of the
595:
that could reach over 9 metres (30 ft) long and weigh over 5 metric tons (5.5 short tons), and were able to move as a
3059:
to the east. The plateau where dinosaurs lived was an ancient floodplain dominated by large channels and abundant wetland
1932:-like organ. Vegetation could have been taken from the ground up to a height of around 4 m (13 ft). As noted by
8388:
7815:
6919:
4863:
5761:
5215:
5307:
893:
or, more likely, the base of the overlying Kirtland Formation. The range of this species was described in 1979, when
8383:
5804:
1151:
were tall, as was common in lambeosaurines. At their tallest over the hips, they increased the height of the back.
7802:
1179:
The most noticeable feature was the cranial crest that protruded from the rear of the head and was made up of the
8181:
5331:
Sullivan, R.S.; Jasinski, S.E.; Guenther, M.; Lucas, S.G. (2011). Sullivan, Robert S.; Lucas, Spencer G. (eds.).
2892:
2608:. It was a rare constituent of this fauna. The Dinosaur Park Formation is interpreted as a low-relief setting of
2432:
with a substantial frill of skin between the crest and neck appeared in influential paleoart including murals by
866:
157:
5712:
3681:
2454:
8398:
8204:
8191:
5097:
The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs: An Original and Compelling Insight into Life in the Dinosaur Kingdom
3211:
660:
322:
5774:
4611:
2141:
lacks the thin bony 'coxcomb' that makes up the upper portion of the crest of the other three lambeosaurines.
2083:, one of the first researchers to describe lambeosaurine crests in terms of such distinctions, suggested that
8408:
8393:
8196:
5745:
4390:, gen. et sp. nov., a new tyrannosauroid from New Mexico and the origin of deep snouts in Tyrannosauroidea".
170:
8378:
1237:. It is usually interpreted as a separate offshoot of the lambeosaurines, distinct from the helmet-crested
7826:
2852:
2751:
1308:
819:
2487:
published in December 2020, suggests the pathology to the shoulder and thoracic ribs in the holotype of
1983:
ever found, and measures 2.5 m (8.2 ft). This individual fits neatly into the currently known
5826:
5787:
4964:
2794:
2793:
existed, the Fruitland Formation was swampy, positioned in the lowlands, and close to the shore of the
2666:
Some of the less common hadrosaurs in the Dinosaur Park Formation of Dinosaur Provincial Park, such as
807:
4348:
Benson, R.J.; Brussatte, S.J.; Anderson; Hone, D.; Parsons, K.; Xu, X.; Milner, D.; Naish, D. (2012).
2717:
shared its habitat with other ornithischians and theropods. Specifically, its contemporaries were the
1039:
in their crests (~70% of adult size). Even though many scientists have supported the possible fact of
8277:
5885:
5816:
5250:
4557:
Evans, D.C. (2006). "Nasal cavity homologies and cranial crest function in lambeosaurine dinosaurs".
3140:
3119:
2898:
2867:
2722:
2178:
6912:
5992:
5489:
2731:
2249:, so that the latter could be cooled by the former. The next people to publish a related idea were
2037:
A partial cranial endocast for RAM 14000 was reconstructed from CT scan data, the first ever for a
902:
5293:(Dinosauria: Hadrosauridae) from the Kirtland Formation of New Mexico and a revision of the genus"
1944:
had a diet consisting of leaves, twigs, and pine needles which would imply that it was a browser.
8373:
8358:
5319:
5114:
Ostrom, J.H. (1961). "A New Species of Hadrosaurian Dinosaur from the Cretaceous of New Mexico".
4968:
4748:
4453:
Diegert, C.F.; Williamson, T.E. (1998). "A digital acoustic model of the lambeosaurine hadrosaur
3048:
3018:
2628:
2625:
2524:
2513:
2359:
877:
skeleton except for the feet, neck, and parts of the tail. Its specific name is derived from the
767:
5389:
5383:
4841:"Does mutual sexual selection explain the evolution of head crests in pterosaurs and dinosaurs?"
4697:
Farke, A.A.; Chok, D.J.; Herrero, A.; Scolieri, B.; Werning, S. (2013). Hutchinson, John (ed.).
4485:
4479:
8330:
8239:
6351:
6203:
5152:
3248:
2923:
2914:
2904:
2873:
2311:. A large amount of material and data supports the hypothesis that the large, tubular crest of
1940:
and its relatives could feed more selectively than their broad-beaked, crestless counterparts.
1225:
because of its superficially similar crest. However, it was soon reassessed as a member of the
1027:
lived approximately a million years later. As noted by Thomas Williamson, the type material of
8317:
4629:"An unusual hadrosaurid braincase from the Dinosaur Park Formation and the biostratigraphy of
1035:, close to the size at which other lambeosaurines are interpreted to begin showing definitive
8325:
8161:
6717:
6019:
4874:
Hopson, J.A. (1975). "The Evolution of Cranial Display Structures in Hadrosaurid Dinosaurs".
4628:
4505:"Presidential Proclamation: Establishment of the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument"
4330:
The Dinosaur Heresies: New Theories Unlocking the Mysteries of Dinosaurs and their Extinction
4328:
3134:
3056:
3028:
2948:
2861:
2846:
2166:
1968:
1277:
1004:
910:
906:
750:
4598:, a crested hadrosaurid dinosaur (Ornithischia) from the Dinosaur Park Formation, Alberta".
4542:. Miscellaneous Publication 99-1. Salt Lake City: Utah Geological Survey. pp. 345–353.
8286:
7581:
5878:
5864:
5659:
5567:
5457:
5072:
5008:
4960:
4883:
4819:
4677:
4644:
4566:
4427:
4399:
4299:
2442:
2213:
2186:
1152:
792:
779:
746:
449:
396:
377:
326:
7809:
4805:
n. g., n. sp., a lambeosaurine dinosaur from the Late Maastrichtian of northeastern China"
4664:
Evans, D.C.; Larson, D.W.; Cullen, T.M.; Sullivan, R.M. (2014). Sues, Hans-Dieter (ed.). "
2018:
The skull of RAM 14000 is almost complete, with the left side only lacking a piece of the
8:
5326:. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. Vol. 35. pp. 7–23.
4437:
4436:. New York: American Museum of Natural History, Man and Nature Publications, 14. p.
3149:
3128:
3071:
2886:
2834:
2710:
2092:
2010:
1975:, the juvenile has been identified as around only one year old when it died. Referred to
1285:
1000:
894:
890:
851:
775:
761:
5663:
5571:
5461:
5076:
5012:
4887:
4823:
4681:
4648:
4570:
4403:
4303:
3009:
2505:
2250:
2205:
7933:
7544:
6129:
5716:
5682:
5647:
5591:
5544:
5523:
5481:
5473:
5443:"Acoustic Analysis of Vocalization of Lambeosaurine Dinosaurs (Reptilia: Ornithischia)"
5429:
5123:
5084:
5028:
4907:
4899:
4731:
4698:
4615:
4582:
4415:
4315:
4087:
4060:
3693:
3685:
3096:
3040:
2954:
2805:
2170:
985:
815:
811:
420:
165:
7979:
4831:
4800:
2420:. His hypothesis was seemingly supported by skin preserved above the neck and back of
7940:
7679:
7600:
7560:
6444:
6330:
6276:
6247:
5720:
5687:
5583:
5393:
5236:
5202:
5100:
5049:
4974:
4924:
4859:
4785:
4736:
4586:
4543:
4512:
4489:
4441:
4372:
4353:
4334:
4092:
3728:
3718:
2939:
2433:
2363:
2076:
1036:
445:
5485:
4911:
4619:
4419:
3697:
3662:
1952:
8081:
8074:
7884:
7877:
7406:
7317:
7155:
7056:
7042:
6756:
6724:
6359:
6268:
6182:
6117:
5840:
5708:
5677:
5667:
5595:
5575:
5513:
5465:
5279:
5275:
5182:
5080:
5016:
4891:
4855:
4827:
4726:
4716:
4685:
4652:
4607:
4574:
4470:
4466:
4407:
4319:
4307:
4082:
4072:
3677:
3191:
3145:
2727:
1972:
1933:
1269:
764:
693:
678:
588:
475:
302:
5186:
5020:
2224:
The proposed air reservoir would have been insufficient for an animal the size of
929:
8166:
7961:
7912:
7775:
7706:
7609:
7148:
7134:
7113:
6731:
6604:
6371:
6139:
5977:
5672:
5092:
4773:
3075:
2736:
2417:
2371:
2367:
2241:
2229:
2105:
1144:
898:
873:
in 1961. It includes a partial skull with a short, rounded crest and much of the
585:
48:
4431:
2050:
8176:
8171:
8109:
8046:
7919:
7768:
7731:
7713:
7658:
7290:
7106:
7099:
7028:
6950:
6937:
6865:
6853:
6822:
6797:
6661:
6583:
6544:
6530:
6407:
6318:
6240:
6218:
6211:
5952:
5253:(1935). "Hooded hadrosaurs of the Belly River Series of the Upper Cretaceous".
5063:
Maryanska, T.; Osmólska, H. (1979). "Aspects of hadrosaurian cranial anatomy".
3154:
3101:
3086:
2598:
2588:
2582:
2375:
1917:
1347:
754:
633:, has been proposed, although it is more commonly placed in the separate genus
289:
247:
5469:
4895:
4411:
2362:
functions have become more supported as function(s) of the crest, focusing on
145:
8347:
8262:
8116:
8060:
8039:
8010:
7926:
7863:
7761:
7754:
7740:
7650:
7630:
7623:
7520:
7470:
7463:
7447:
7422:
7395:
7388:
7381:
7352:
7303:
7265:
7230:
7211:
7183:
7127:
6790:
6783:
6738:
6668:
6537:
6396:
6381:
6343:
6254:
6147:
6110:
6103:
5852:
3732:
3663:"A new method to calculate allometric length-mass relationships of dinosaurs"
3178:
3106:
3091:
2919:
2782:
2778:
2773:
2757:
2698:
2681:
2644:
2572:
2557:
2548:
2403:
2268:
2204:. Still, other proposals made housing specialized organs the major function.
2058:
Many hypotheses have been advanced as to what functions the cranial crest of
1892:
1782:
1765:
1719:
1623:
1490:
1420:
1391:
1334:
1320:
1257:
1245:
1239:
1226:
1108:
1058:
800:
721:
688:
635:
569:
454:
430:
406:
276:
135:
90:
5558:
Wheeler, P.E. (1978). "Elaborate CNS cooling structure in large dinosaurs".
4371:. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. pp. 135–169.
1261:, a lambeosaurine with a similar skull (but no complete crest yet) from the
8024:
8000:
7988:
7954:
7947:
7898:
7891:
7697:
7641:
7616:
7588:
7477:
7279:
7244:
7190:
7120:
7092:
6978:
6971:
6811:
6776:
6703:
6696:
6618:
6559:
6514:
6416:
6290:
6283:
6232:
6196:
6154:
6004:
5943:
5765:
5691:
5371:
Fossil Record 3. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin
5223:
5206:
5194:
4740:
4689:
4287:
4096:
3124:
3111:
3082:
2984:
2928:
2882:
2817:
2786:
2767:
2746:
2741:
2604:
2553:
2542:
2536:
2532:
2197:
2117:
2080:
1681:
1664:
1251:
1234:
953:
917:. Since then, another skull has been found in Utah with the short, rounded
652:
614:
334:
231:
4445:
1295:
704:
8271:
8213:
8102:
8067:
7905:
7747:
7720:
7672:
7665:
7498:
7484:
7456:
7436:
7415:
7359:
7338:
7331:
7324:
7258:
7251:
7204:
7169:
7141:
7077:
7070:
6839:
6689:
6675:
6647:
6625:
6567:
6430:
6261:
6225:
6189:
6085:
6072:
6031:
5901:
5587:
5135:
4761:
Canada Department of Mines Geological Survey Bulletin (Geological Series)
3199:
3182:
3115:
2857:
2813:
2762:
2576:
2563:
2437:
2387:
likely permitted both species identification (such as separating it from
2320:
2149:
1924:
with a sophisticated skull that permitted a grinding motion analogous to
1449:
1362:
1221:
996:
862:
674:
560:
392:
263:
65:
1087:
964:, along with a straighter crest and different internal structuring than
8304:
8155:
8130:
8123:
8095:
8088:
7968:
7854:
7553:
7533:
7491:
7366:
7218:
7085:
7035:
7000:
6993:
6964:
6804:
6682:
6654:
6523:
6496:
6471:
6311:
6304:
6297:
6175:
5527:
5477:
5433:
5409:
At the Top of the Grand Staircase: The Late Cretaceous of Southern Utah
5127:
5046:
Dinosaurs Without Bones: Dinosaur Lives Revealed by Their Trace Fossils
4903:
4311:
3689:
3174:
3162:
3044:
2935:
2821:
2800:
Existing slightly later than the species from the Fruitland Formation,
2718:
2660:
2648:
2613:
2592:
2379:
2340:
2336:
2209:
2003:
adults bore such large crests, especially when compared to the related
1936:, lambeosaurines have narrower beaks than hadrosaurines, implying that
1913:
1736:
1262:
1184:
1180:
874:
827:
659:
is in fact part of the genus. The genus was first described in 1922 by
644:
596:
373:
110:
75:
31:
4721:
4077:
2071:
As for other lambeosaurines, it is believed that the cranial crest of
1132:
and is robust for its length when compared to other hadrosaurids. The
854:
of this skull, Robert Sullivan and Thomas Williamson gave the genus a
8137:
8053:
8032:
7870:
7567:
7505:
7014:
6986:
6846:
6710:
6640:
6611:
6437:
6423:
6166:
5579:
4923:(Second ed.). University of California Press. pp. 438–463.
3712:
3195:
3052:
2989:
2825:
2656:
2469:
2217:
2201:
2174:
2031:
2027:
889:, meaning "crested". The specimen was found in either the top of the
855:
758:
600:
592:
577:
182:
115:
59:
52:
8233:
5518:
5501:
4656:
4578:
3940:
2220:
of the lambeosaurines, which had no obvious defensive capabilities.
8256:
8017:
7686:
7574:
7374:
7345:
7272:
7197:
7162:
7063:
7049:
7007:
6831:
6632:
6597:
6503:
6489:
6451:
5961:
5934:
5925:
5811:
3078:
3051:, a large inland sea that split North America into two landmasses,
2531:
of prehistoric animals, including well-known dinosaurs such as the
2262:
2193:
2189:
that it served as an air reservoir for prolonged stays underwater.
1148:
1048:
743:
573:
215:
202:
105:
100:
85:
80:
70:
4481:
Dinosaur Provincial Park: A Spectacular Ancient Ecosystem Revealed
1195:, where some tubes were blind and others met and separated. While
1167:
1159:, showing uniform tubercle-like scales, but no larger structures.
8291:
7310:
6745:
3247:
Colbert, Edwin H. (Edwin Harris); Knight, Charles Robert (1951).
2640:
2632:
2125:
and the facial profile of juvenile individuals differed from the
2023:
2019:
1925:
1133:
1121:
823:
796:
640:
604:
120:
95:
27:
Hadrosaurid ornithopod dinosaur genus from Late Cretaceous Period
5764:. Sandia National Laboratories. December 5, 1997. Archived from
5502:"Dinosaurian Cacophony: Inferring function in extinct organisms"
4994:, a giant horned dinosaur from the Late Campanian of New Mexico"
4290:(1924). "Die neuen Dinosaurierfunde in der Oberkreide Canadas".
3962:
3960:
3413:
3411:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3399:
3397:
3395:
3382:
2808:. Numerous vertebrate groups are from this formation, including
2693:
2108:. Recent restudy of a juvenile braincase previously assigned to
7176:
6769:
5919:
5799:
4594:
Evans, D.C.; Reisz, R.R. (2007). "Anatomy and Relationships of
4120:
4118:
3813:
3496:
3494:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3374:
3372:
3370:
3368:
3366:
3364:
3362:
3187:
3170:
3166:
2982:. Unidentified taxa are known, including the crurotarsan ?
2829:
1137:
192:
5870:
4973:(Abridged ed.). United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.
3987:
3758:
2212:, and John Ostrom suggested that it housed expanded areas for
484:
7021:
6551:
4707:
4158:
4156:
4040:
3957:
3392:
3326:
3324:
3322:
3320:
3318:
2636:
2621:
2617:
2609:
2528:
2324:
2246:
1929:
1921:
1266:
1125:
878:
835:
733:
683:
664:
565:
493:
4143:
4141:
4139:
4137:
4135:
4133:
4115:
3782:
3557:
3555:
3553:
3551:
3538:
3536:
3534:
3532:
3491:
3359:
2315:
was a resonating chamber. Weishampel in 1981 suggested that
1979:
sp., the juvenile is the most complete, as well as youngest
529:
6389:
5713:
10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0897:ANOTMF]2.0.CO;2
4058:
3682:
10.1671/0272-4634(2001)021[0051:ANMTCA]2.0.CO;2
3644:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3636:
3567:
3158:
3153:. Paleofauna present in the Kaiparowits Formation included
3060:
2856:. Ornithischians from the formation are represented by the
2809:
2652:
2182:
1306:
The following cladogram is after the 2007 redescription of
914:
648:
581:
547:
541:
532:
514:
508:
487:
4949:
New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin
4433:
The Dinosaur Book: The Ruling Reptiles and their Relatives
4204:
4180:
4153:
4103:
3519:
3517:
3515:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3315:
3268:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3250:
The dinosaur book: the ruling reptiles and their relatives
2307:
are much more variable and complicated than the airway of
502:
5618:
New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin
5340:
New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin
5300:
New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin
5216:"Scientists Use Digital Paleontology to Produce Voice of
4612:
10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[373:AAROLM]2.0.CO;2
4130:
4018:
4016:
4014:
3748:
3746:
3744:
3742:
3592:
3590:
3588:
3586:
3584:
3582:
3548:
3529:
3464:
3462:
3460:
3458:
3456:
2173:, Martin Wilfarth that it was an attachment for a mobile
2014:
Reconstruction of a juvenile skeleton, based on RAM 14000
1971:
in 2009. Excavated by the joint expedition by museum and
1052:
in 2014 found that one more species could be referred to
5138:(1962). "The cranial crests of hadrosaurian dinosaurs".
4264:
4252:
4192:
3633:
3349:
3347:
3345:
3343:
3341:
3339:
5603:
Wilfarth, Martin (1947). "Rüsseltragende Dinosaurier".
5255:
Canada Department of Mines Bulletin (Geological Series)
4228:
3621:
3506:
3278:
3257:
814:.R1250) from what is now known as the slightly younger
4011:
3739:
3579:
3453:
3443:
3441:
2181:
that it served as an airtrap to keep water out of the
2104:, that probably grew faster as individuals approached
5824:
5324:
Late Cretaceous vertebrates from the Western Interior
4633:(Ornithischia: Lambeosaurinae) from southern Alberta"
4531:
Miscellaneous Publication 02-4, UtahGeological Survey
4369:
Horns and Beaks: Ceratopsian and Ornithopod Dinosaurs
3977:
3975:
3905:
3852:
3850:
3848:
3611:
3609:
3607:
3605:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3336:
2492:
believed to have caused or contributed to its death.
591:, about 76.9–73.5 million years ago. It was a large
550:
544:
526:
523:
517:
511:
490:
478:
4812:
Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Série IIA
4168:
3893:
3871:
3869:
3867:
3865:
3428:
3426:
2235:
933:
Holotype skulls of the three species arranged by age
834:, in 1931. The specific epithet is derived from the
538:
505:
499:
481:
402:
383:
364:
341:
5635:
Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis
4627:Evans, D.C.; Bavington, R.; Campione, N.E. (2009).
4240:
3999:
3917:
3835:
3833:
3831:
3770:
3438:
3305:
3303:
3301:
3299:
3297:
3295:
3293:
2952:. Turtles are fairly plentiful, and are known from
1265:region of northeastern China. The two may form the
999:. Its three known specimens have been found in the
535:
496:
5286:
5265:
4799:Godefroit, Pascal; Shuqin Zan; Liyong Jin (2000).
4484:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. pp.
4366:
4028:
3993:
3972:
3845:
3794:
3764:
3602:
3474:
3417:
2346:Computer modeling of a well-preserved specimen of
2026:, possibly when it was resting on the bottom of a
2022:. However, the skull was split down the middle by
558:; meaning "beside crested lizard" in reference to
5534:
5214:Sandia National Laboratories (December 5, 1997).
5157:, a new genus and species of trachodont dinosaur"
5062:
4703:(Hadrosauridae) and heterochrony in hadrosaurids"
4478:Currie, Phillip J.; Koppelhus, Eva, eds. (2005).
4452:
4216:
4046:
3966:
3881:
3862:
3423:
3386:
3228:
2483:Analysis of the pathology undertaken by Bertozzo
2468:is known from one specimen which might contain a
1276:, with its short, rounded crest, may be the most
842:, meaning "trumpeter". A second, nearly complete
8345:
5415:
5235:(5 ed.). London: Cassell Ltd. p. 883.
5161:University of Toronto Studies: Geological Series
4937:
4798:
4124:
3945:
3934:
3932:
3828:
3788:
3500:
3290:
2832:. The fishes are represented by the two species
2527:, was a member of a diverse and well-documented
2177:used as a breathing tube or for food gathering,
1207:had a short crest with a more circular profile.
901:described a partial skull with a similar crest (
850:P-25100) was found in New Mexico in 1995. Using
5330:
4839:Hone, D.W.E.; Naish, D.; Cuthill, I.C. (2011).
4477:
3573:
3330:
2395:) and sexual identification by shape and size.
2350:, with more complex air passages than those of
2144:
2087:, with its small crest, was the female form of
1219:was initially thought to be closely related to
1023:, which were all thought to be males, although
778:, the chairman of the Board of Trustees of the
5976:
5381:
5357:
5222:. Sandia National Laboratories. Archived from
5171:
5099:. New York: Crescent Books. pp. 122–127.
5035:. Geological Society of America Special Paper
4385:
4210:
4186:
4162:
4109:
2054:Diagram showing internal features of the crest
6948:
5886:
5317:
5039:. Geological Society of America. p. 229.
4918:
4784:. McFarland & Company. pp. 678–940.
4755:, with a description of the type specimen of
4347:
4147:
3929:
3561:
3542:
3246:
2735:; and some unidentified fossils belonging to
2685:, they are predominate members of the fauna.
2635:was warmer than present-day Alberta, without
1995:began sooner than in related genera, such as
757:in Alberta. These rocks are now known as the
5698:
5549:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
5201:. University of Chicago Press. p. 491.
4959:
4696:
4663:
4626:
4537:
4270:
4258:
4198:
3648:
3284:
3272:
2358:and other hadrosaurids. Instead, social and
1075:, then the genus therefore lasted until the
5645:
5411:. Indiana University Press. pp. 1–634.
5406:
4838:
4234:
3717:. Princeton University Press. p. 341.
3627:
3523:
1956:Juvenile skeleton RAM 14000 (nicknamed Joe)
1255:. Its closest known relative appears to be
412:(Godefroit, Zan & Jin, 2000) Paul, 2010
8354:Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of North America
6083:
5893:
5879:
5615:
5499:
5440:
5027:
4668:is a troodontid (Dinosauria: Theropoda)".
4593:
4022:
3752:
3596:
3468:
3353:
1967:(RAM). The juvenile was discovered in the
1128:measures 103 cm (41 in) long in
144:
5681:
5671:
5517:
5382:Tanke, D.H.; Carpenter, K., eds. (2001).
5322:. In Lucas, S.G.; Sullivan, R.M. (eds.).
5287:Sullivan, R.S.; Williamson, T.E. (1999).
5249:
4730:
4720:
4086:
4076:
3911:
3660:
2153:Comparison drawing between the crests of
2091:. Thomas Williamson suggested it was the
1107:is incompletely known. The length of the
5633:, n. sp. aus der Kreide in New Mexico".
5602:
5416:Weishampel, D.B.; Jensen, J.A. (1979). "
5407:Titus, A.L.; Loewen, M.A., eds. (2013).
4987:
4174:
3899:
2692:
2504:
2453:
2402:
2261:
2257:
2148:
2100:probably had small, rounded crests like
2066:
2049:
2009:
1951:
1891:
1294:
1166:
1086:
928:
822:, New Mexico. This specimen was sent to
716:Meaning "near crested lizard", the name
703:
8419:Multispecific non-avian dinosaur genera
5785:
5772:
5735:
5557:
5230:
5033:Hadrosaurian Dinosaurs of North America
4747:
4699:"Ontogeny in the tube-crested dinosaur
4502:
4426:
4246:
4005:
3923:
3776:
3447:
1203:had long crests with slight curvature,
712:, showing the pathologic v-shaped notch
699:
667:and partial skeleton found in Alberta.
14:
8346:
5420:(Reptilia: Hadrosauridae) from Utah".
5213:
5134:
5113:
5091:
5043:
4873:
4386:Carr, T.D.; Williamson, T.E. (2010). "
4326:
4034:
3981:
3856:
3800:
3714:The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs
3615:
3485:
3234:
984:come from the De-Na-Zin Member of the
8238:
8237:
7842:
6935:
6070:
5912:
5874:
5744:. About.Com Dinosaurs. Archived from
5628:
5388:. Indiana University Press. pp.
5358:Sullivan, R.M.; Fowler, D.W. (2011).
5193:
5150:
4556:
4527:
4222:
3887:
3875:
3432:
3309:
3253:. New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 152.
2639:, but with wetter and drier seasons.
1965:Raymond M. Alf Museum of Paleontology
1103:Like most dinosaurs, the skeleton of
940:is known from three certain species:
7843:
5318:Sullivan, R.M.; Lucas, S.G. (2006).
4771:
4286:
3951:
3839:
3710:
2804:is also found in New Mexico, in the
2398:
2137:model, in part because the crest of
5794:. Scott Hartman's Skeletal Drawing.
5781:. Scott Hartman's Skeletal Drawing.
4352:. Dorling Kindersley. p. 342.
2428:. Subsequently, reconstructions of
2378:in the eyes imply acute vision and
1903:
1071:. If this species is indeed inside
770:. William Parks named the specimen
24:
6936:
5701:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
5268:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
5085:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1979.tb01006.x
4670:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
4637:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
4600:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
4459:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
4392:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
3670:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1079:and is known from two continents.
1063:was actually nested deeply inside
830:described it as a second species,
753:in 1920 near Sand Creek along the
629:. Additionally, a fourth species,
25:
8435:
8404:Campanian genus first appearances
5729:
5539:(2nd ed.). pp. 517–606.
3941:https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.13363
2449:
2236:Temperature regulation hypothesis
1210:
1056:. This study, led by Xing, found
865:described another good specimen (
7825:
7819:
7814:
7808:
7801:
6918:
6911:
6904:
5858:
5846:
5834:
5810:
5798:
4860:10.1111/j.1502-3931.2011.00300.x
3017:
3008:
2946:. One pterosaur is known, named
2319:made noises ranging between the
2045:
1067:, which created the new species
474:
169:
63:
8414:Maastrichtian genus extinctions
8182:List of informal dinosaur names
6071:
5900:
4540:Vertebrate Paleontology in Utah
4333:. William Morrow. p. 194.
4052:
3806:
3704:
3654:
2893:Nodocephalosaurus kirtlandensis
2495:
1887:
1140:bones were also heavily built.
158:Field Museum of Natural History
8192:Timeline of hadrosaur research
5777:Parasaurolophus cyrtocristatus
5280:10.1080/02724634.1996.10011371
4471:10.1080/02724634.1998.10011116
3994:Sullivan & Williamson 1996
3765:Brett-Surman & Wagner 2006
3418:Sullivan & Williamson 1999
3240:
3212:Timeline of hadrosaur research
3074:with other dinosaurs, such as
3041:Argon-argon radiometric dating
1082:
975:, which is the largest of the
437:Godefroit, Zan & Jin, 2000
13:
1:
8364:Fossil taxa described in 1922
5187:10.1016/j.cretres.2005.01.002
5048:. Pegasus Books. p. 42.
5021:10.1016/j.cretres.2010.12.007
4832:10.1016/S1251-8050(00)00214-7
4047:Diegert & Williamson 1998
3967:Maryanska & Osmolska 1979
3217:
2688:
2643:were apparently the dominant
2063:its internal nasal passages.
1999:. It has been suggested that
905:2467) from the Campanian age
8424:Ornithopods of North America
5673:10.1371/journal.pone.0098821
4780:. In Glut, Donald F. (ed.).
4666:"Saurornitholestes" robustus
4292:Jahrbuch Naturwissenschaften
4279:
4125:Jasinski & Sullivan 2011
3501:Weishampel & Jensen 1979
3222:
2908:; and the pachycephalosaurs
2624:conditions over time as the
2411:with hypothetical skin frill
2145:Rejected function hypotheses
1284:species or it may represent
991:In 1961, the third species,
728:/παρα ("beside" or "near"),
607:are universally recognized:
7:
8369:Taxa named by William Parks
5095:(1985). "Hadrosaurids II".
4782:Dinosaurs: The Encyclopedia
4596:Lambeosaurus magnicristatus
3331:Currie & Koppelhus 2005
3205:
2918:. Saurischians include the
2853:Denazinosuchus kirtlandicus
2844:. The crurotarsans include
2752:Saurornitholestes langstoni
2461:with notch in the vertebrae
2240:The large surface area and
2075:changed with age and was a
1899:head with scalation detail.
1309:Lambeosaurus magnicristatus
869:P27393) from New Mexico as
810:recovered a partial skull (
134:Possible record during the
10:
8440:
8389:Paleontology in New Mexico
5233:Cassell's Latin Dictionary
4187:Carr & Williamson 2010
4163:Sullivan & Fowler 2011
4110:Tanke & Carpenter 2001
2795:Cretaceous Interior Seaway
2500:
2079:characteristic in adults.
1229:subfamily of hadrosaurids—
1155:impressions are known for
971:The next named species is
924:
885:, meaning "shortened" and
799:, a rock unit of the late
734:
576:that lived in what is now
29:
8246:
8147:
7998:
7978:
7853:
7849:
7838:
7799:
7730:
7696:
7640:
7599:
7543:
7528:
7519:
7446:
7405:
7298:
7289:
7239:
7228:
6959:
6944:
6931:
6902:
6864:
6821:
6764:
6755:
6592:
6581:
6513:
6484:
6480:
6469:
6406:
6370:
6338:
6329:
6165:
6128:
6098:
6094:
6079:
6066:
6030:
6012:
6003:
5985:
5972:
5908:
5500:Weishampel, D.B. (1997).
5470:10.1017/S0094837300004036
5441:Weishampel, D.B. (1981).
5346:: 405–417. Archived from
4896:10.1017/S0094837300002165
4803:Charonosaurus jiayinensis
4412:10.1080/02724630903413032
4148:Sullivan & Lucas 2006
3711:Paul, Gregory S. (2016).
3141:Kosmoceratops richardsoni
3120:Gryposaurus monumentensis
2899:Pentaceratops sternbergii
2868:Naashoibitosaurus ostromi
2723:Pentaceratops sternbergii
2208:suggested that it housed
1947:
1779:
1762:
1755:
1733:
1716:
1709:
1678:
1661:
1654:
1642:
1620:
1613:
1564:
1547:
1540:
1518:
1511:
1487:
1480:
1468:
1446:
1439:
1417:
1410:
1388:
1381:
1359:
1352:
1332:
1325:
1312:(Evans and Reisz, 2007):
1031:is about 72% the size of
639:. Remains are known from
426:
419:
361:
356:
340:
333:
166:Scientific classification
164:
152:
143:
41:
5637:. Series 4 (in German).
5385:Mesozoic Vertebrate Life
4259:Zanno & Sampson 2005
3285:Liddell & Scott 1980
3031:tentatively assigned to
2910:Stegoceras novomexicanum
2732:Stegoceras novomexicanum
2169:proposed it served as a
1766:Hypacrosaurus altispinus
1162:
742:/λοφος ("crest"). It is
623:, and the short-crested
30:Not to be confused with
8384:Paleontology in Alberta
5790:Parasaurolophus walkeri
5786:Hartman, Scott (2013).
5773:Hartman, Scott (2004).
5762:"Parasaurolophus sound"
5631:Parasaurolophus tubicen
5422:Journal of Paleontology
5199:Vertebrate Paleontology
5155:Parasaurolophus walkeri
5116:Journal of Paleontology
5031:; Wright, N.E. (1942).
4992:Titanoceratops ouranous
4988:Longrich, N.R. (2011).
4970:A Greek-English Lexicon
4455:Parasaurolophus tubicen
4235:Titus & Loewen 2013
3190:were present including
3049:Western Interior Seaway
2999:
2626:Western Interior Seaway
2525:Dinosaur Park Formation
2521:Parasaurolophus walkeri
2514:Dinosaur Park Formation
2476:restore the skin flap.
1288:or female specimens of
776:Sir Byron Edmund Walker
768:Dinosaur Park Formation
346:Parasaurolophus walkeri
18:Parasaurolophus walkeri
5306:: 1–52. Archived from
5231:Simpson, D.P. (1979).
5195:Romer, Alfred Sherwood
4945:Texascephale langstoni
4943:and a reassessment of
4751:(1924). "On the genus
4690:10.1139/cjes-2014-0073
4388:Bistahieversor sealeyi
3753:Lull & Wright 1942
3661:Seebacher, F. (2001).
3387:Weishampel et al. 2004
3354:Evans & Reisz 2007
2979:Thescelus hemispherica
2924:Bistahieversor sealeyi
2915:Sphaerotholus goodwini
2905:Titanoceratops ouranos
2874:Kritosaurus navajovius
2841:Myledalphus bipartitus
2706:
2517:
2462:
2412:
2284:
2162:
2055:
2015:
1957:
1900:
1303:
1191:, and more complex in
1176:
1100:
1046:A study published in
934:
713:
651:, as well as possibly
156:skeletal mount at the
8399:Kaiparowits Formation
8326:Paleobiology Database
8162:Basturs Poble bonebed
5736:Strauss, Bob (2014).
5362:Navajodactylus boerei
5251:Sternberg, Charles M.
5044:Martin, A.J. (2014).
4961:Liddell, Henry George
4327:Bakker, R.T. (1986).
3789:Godefroit et al. 2000
3186:. A variety of early
3135:Nasutoceratops titusi
3112:armored ankylosaurids
3029:Kaiparowits Formation
2949:Navajodactylus boerei
2862:Anasazisaurus horneri
2847:Brachychampsa montana
2696:
2508:
2457:
2406:
2265:
2258:Behavioral hypotheses
2167:Alfred Sherwood Romer
2152:
2067:Differences in crests
2053:
2013:
1969:Kaiparowits Formation
1955:
1895:
1298:
1215:As its name implies,
1170:
1090:
932:
907:Kaiparowits Formation
751:University of Toronto
708:Holotype specimen of
707:
686:in its largest form.
578:western North America
8409:Ornithischian genera
8394:Paleontology in Utah
8184:(contains hadrosaur
7582:Probrachylophosaurus
5807:at Wikimedia Commons
5151:Parks, W.A. (1922).
3816:. Raymond Alf Museum
3574:Sullivan et al. 2011
3116:duckbilled hadrosaur
2973:Plastomenus robustus
2374:and the presence of
2179:Charles M. Sternberg
808:Charles H. Sternberg
793:Hell Creek Formation
780:Royal Ontario Museum
720:is derived from the
700:Discovery and naming
677:, part of a diverse
8379:Dinosaur Park fauna
5768:on October 6, 2014.
5664:2014PLoSO...998821X
5629:Wiman, C. (1931). "
5572:1978Natur.275..441W
5495:on October 6, 2014.
5462:1981Pbio....7..252W
5353:on October 6, 2014.
5226:on August 17, 2014.
5175:Cretaceous Research
5077:1979Letha..12..265M
5013:2011CrRes..32..264L
5001:Cretaceous Research
4951:. Fossil Record 3.
4888:1975Pbio....1...21H
4869:on October 6, 2014.
4824:2000CRASE.330..875G
4772:Glut, D.F. (1997).
4757:Lambeosaurus lambei
4749:Gilmore, Charles W.
4682:2014CaJES..51..730E
4649:2009CaJES..46..791E
4571:2006Pbio...32..109E
4404:2010JVPal..30....1C
4304:1924NW.....12..709A
4211:Roberts et al. 2005
3157:(sharks and rays),
3150:Hagryphus giganteus
3129:Utahceratops gettyi
2896:; the ceratopsians
2887:Ahshislepelta minor
2835:Melvius chauliodous
2711:Fruitland Formation
2561:; fellow duckbills
1665:Lambeosaurus lambei
1280:of the three known
1095:(left, violet) and
1091:Size comparison of
895:David B. Weishampel
891:Fruitland Formation
852:computed tomography
7934:Ornithopodichnites
7545:Brachylophosaurini
6130:Hypsilophodontidae
4515:on August 28, 2013
4509:September 18, 1996
4503:Clinton, William.
4312:10.1007/BF01504818
4065:Journal of Anatomy
3814:"Joe the Dinosaur"
3562:Horner et al. 2004
3543:Benson et al. 2012
3097:Ornithomimus velox
2967:Neurankylus baueri
2955:Denazinemys nodosa
2806:Kirtland Formation
2707:
2620:and influenced by
2518:
2463:
2413:
2285:
2216:and much improved
2163:
2112:, now assigned to
2077:sexually dimorphic
2056:
2016:
1958:
1920:herbivore, eating
1908:As a hadrosaurid,
1901:
1304:
1177:
1101:
986:Kirtland Formation
935:
921:crest morphology.
816:Kirtland Formation
714:
8341:
8340:
8240:Taxon identifiers
8231:
8230:
8227:
8226:
8223:
8222:
7941:Shiraminesauropus
7834:
7833:
7797:
7796:
7793:
7792:
7789:
7788:
7785:
7784:
7680:Naashoibitosaurus
7601:Austrokritosauria
7561:Brachylophosaurus
7515:
7514:
6927:
6926:
6900:
6899:
6896:
6895:
6892:
6891:
6888:
6887:
6884:
6883:
6577:
6576:
6465:
6464:
6461:
6460:
6445:Transylvanosaurus
6331:Rhabdodontomorpha
6277:Notohypsilophodon
6248:Macrogryphosaurus
6062:
6061:
6058:
6057:
6054:
6053:
6050:
6049:
5803:Media related to
5788:"Ornithischians:
5775:"Ornithischians:
5738:"Ten Facts About
5566:(5679): 441–443.
5399:978-0-253-33907-2
5313:on April 8, 2023.
5242:978-0-304-52257-6
5106:978-0-517-46890-6
5055:978-1-60598-499-5
4980:978-0-19-910207-5
4930:978-0-520-24209-8
4791:978-0-899-50917-4
4722:10.7717/peerj.182
4549:978-1-55791-634-1
4495:978-0-253-34595-0
4428:Colbert, Edwin H.
4378:978-0-253-34817-3
4359:978-0-7566-9910-9
4340:978-0-8217-2859-8
4271:Eaton et al. 1999
4199:Evans et al. 2014
4078:10.1111/joa.13363
3724:978-1-78684-190-2
3649:Farke et al. 2013
3273:Evans et al. 2009
3192:multituberculates
3146:oviraptorosaurian
3033:P. cyrtocristatus
2961:Basilemys nobilis
2940:Saurornitholestes
2715:P. cyrtocristatus
2704:P. cyrtocristatus
2616:that became more
2434:Charles R. Knight
2399:Soft tissue frill
2329:P. cyrtocristatus
2282:P. cyrtocristatus
2155:P. cyrtocristatus
2102:P. cyrtocristatus
2085:P. cyrtocristatus
1884:
1883:
1875:
1874:
1866:
1865:
1857:
1856:
1848:
1847:
1839:
1838:
1830:
1829:
1821:
1820:
1812:
1811:
1803:
1802:
1794:
1793:
1693:
1692:
1682:L. magnicristatus
1597:
1596:
1588:
1587:
1579:
1578:
1522:P. cyrtocristatus
1274:P. cyrtocristatus
1205:P. cyrtocristatus
1093:P. cyrtocristatus
1041:P. cyrtocristatus
1037:sexual dimorphism
1029:P. cyrtocristatus
1013:P. cyrtocristatus
993:P. cyrtocristatus
966:P. cyrtocristatus
950:P. cyrtocristatus
919:P. cyrtocristatus
871:P. cyrtocristatus
626:P. cyrtocristatus
465:
464:
459:
438:
413:
399:
388:P. cyrtocristatus
380:
329:
154:P. cyrtocristatus
138:
16:(Redirected from
8431:
8334:
8333:
8321:
8320:
8308:
8307:
8295:
8294:
8282:
8281:
8280:
8267:
8266:
8265:
8235:
8234:
8208:mummy S.M. R4036
8082:Microhadrosaurus
8075:Mandschurosaurus
7885:Camptosaurichnus
7878:Bonaparteichnium
7851:
7850:
7844:Related articles
7840:
7839:
7829:
7823:
7818:
7813:
7812:
7805:
7526:
7525:
7407:Parasaurolophini
7318:Angulomastacator
7296:
7295:
7237:
7236:
7156:Shuangmiaosaurus
7057:Huehuecanauhtlus
7043:Gongpoquansaurus
6957:
6956:
6946:
6945:
6933:
6932:
6922:
6916:
6915:
6908:
6762:
6761:
6757:Hadrosauriformes
6725:Ratchasimasaurus
6590:
6589:
6482:
6481:
6478:
6477:
6360:Muttaburrasaurus
6336:
6335:
6269:Muttaburrasaurus
6183:Atlascopcosaurus
6118:Thescelosauridae
6096:
6095:
6092:
6091:
6081:
6080:
6068:
6067:
6010:
6009:
5983:
5982:
5974:
5973:
5967:
5966:
5910:
5909:
5895:
5888:
5881:
5872:
5871:
5863:
5862:
5861:
5851:
5850:
5849:
5839:
5838:
5837:
5830:
5815:Data related to
5814:
5802:
5795:
5782:
5769:
5757:
5755:
5753:
5748:on April 7, 2015
5724:
5695:
5685:
5675:
5642:
5625:
5612:
5599:
5580:10.1038/275441a0
5554:
5548:
5540:
5531:
5521:
5496:
5494:
5488:. Archived from
5447:
5437:
5428:(6): 1422–1427.
5412:
5403:
5378:
5368:
5354:
5352:
5337:
5327:
5314:
5312:
5297:
5289:"A new skull of
5283:
5262:
5246:
5227:
5210:
5190:
5168:
5147:
5131:
5110:
5093:Norman, David B.
5088:
5059:
5040:
5024:
4998:
4984:
4956:
4934:
4915:
4870:
4868:
4862:. Archived from
4845:
4835:
4809:
4795:
4768:
4744:
4734:
4724:
4693:
4660:
4623:
4590:
4553:
4534:
4524:
4522:
4520:
4511:. Archived from
4499:
4474:
4449:
4423:
4382:
4363:
4350:Prehistoric Life
4344:
4323:
4274:
4268:
4262:
4256:
4250:
4244:
4238:
4232:
4226:
4220:
4214:
4208:
4202:
4196:
4190:
4184:
4178:
4172:
4166:
4160:
4151:
4145:
4128:
4122:
4113:
4107:
4101:
4100:
4090:
4080:
4071:(5): 1055–1069.
4056:
4050:
4044:
4038:
4032:
4026:
4020:
4009:
4003:
3997:
3991:
3985:
3979:
3970:
3964:
3955:
3949:
3943:
3936:
3927:
3921:
3915:
3909:
3903:
3897:
3891:
3885:
3879:
3873:
3860:
3854:
3843:
3837:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3821:
3810:
3804:
3798:
3792:
3786:
3780:
3774:
3768:
3762:
3756:
3750:
3737:
3736:
3708:
3702:
3701:
3667:
3658:
3652:
3646:
3631:
3628:Xing et al. 2014
3625:
3619:
3613:
3600:
3594:
3577:
3571:
3565:
3559:
3546:
3540:
3527:
3524:Hone et al. 2011
3521:
3504:
3498:
3489:
3483:
3472:
3466:
3451:
3445:
3436:
3430:
3421:
3415:
3390:
3384:
3357:
3351:
3334:
3328:
3313:
3307:
3288:
3282:
3276:
3270:
3255:
3254:
3244:
3238:
3232:
3072:paleoenvironment
3055:to the west and
3021:
3012:
2728:pachycephalosaur
2647:plants, with an
2251:Teresa Maryańska
2230:olfactory nerves
2214:olfactory tissue
2206:Halszka Osmólska
1973:The Webb Schools
1904:Diet and feeding
1758:
1757:
1752:
1712:
1711:
1706:
1657:
1656:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1639:
1616:
1615:
1610:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1514:
1513:
1483:
1482:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1442:
1441:
1436:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1384:
1383:
1378:
1355:
1354:
1328:
1327:
1316:
1315:
1270:Parasaurolophini
791:material in the
738:("lizard"), and
737:
736:
694:thermoregulation
557:
556:
553:
552:
549:
546:
543:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
525:
520:
519:
516:
513:
510:
507:
504:
501:
498:
495:
492:
489:
486:
483:
480:
444:
436:
411:
404:
391:
385:
372:
366:
343:
321:
314:
303:Parasaurolophini
301:
288:
275:
262:
246:
230:
174:
173:
148:
133:
132:
62:
47:Temporal range:
39:
38:
21:
8439:
8438:
8434:
8433:
8432:
8430:
8429:
8428:
8344:
8343:
8342:
8337:
8329:
8324:
8316:
8311:
8303:
8298:
8290:
8285:
8278:Parasaurolophus
8276:
8275:
8270:
8261:
8260:
8255:
8248:Parasaurolophus
8242:
8232:
8219:
8200:mummy AMNH 5060
8167:Dakota (fossil)
8143:
7994:
7974:
7962:Tetrapodosaurus
7913:Hadrosaurichnus
7845:
7830:
7807:
7781:
7776:Shantungosaurus
7726:
7707:Augustynolophus
7692:
7636:
7610:Bonapartesaurus
7595:
7539:
7511:
7442:
7430:Parasaurolophus
7401:
7285:
7233:
7224:
7149:Qianjiangsaurus
7135:Probactrosaurus
7114:Penelopognathus
6953:
6940:
6923:
6910:
6880:
6860:
6817:
6751:
6732:Riabininohadros
6605:Bayannurosaurus
6586:
6573:
6509:
6474:
6457:
6402:
6372:Tenontosauridae
6366:
6325:
6161:
6140:Gideonmantellia
6124:
6088:
6075:
6046:
6026:
5999:
5993:Avemetatarsalia
5978:Avemetatarsalia
5968:
5915:
5914:
5904:
5899:
5869:
5859:
5857:
5847:
5845:
5835:
5833:
5825:
5817:Parasaurolophus
5805:Parasaurolophus
5760:
5751:
5749:
5740:Parasaurolophus
5732:
5727:
5542:
5541:
5519:10.2307/1313034
5492:
5445:
5418:Parasaurolophus
5400:
5366:
5350:
5335:
5310:
5295:
5291:Parasaurolophus
5243:
5218:Parasaurolophus
5136:Ostrom, John H.
5107:
5056:
4996:
4981:
4931:
4866:
4843:
4818:(12): 875–882.
4807:
4792:
4776:Parasaurolophus
4701:Parasaurolophus
4657:10.1139/E09-050
4643:(11): 791–800.
4631:Parasaurolophus
4579:10.1666/04027.1
4550:
4518:
4516:
4496:
4379:
4360:
4341:
4298:(36): 709–716.
4282:
4277:
4269:
4265:
4257:
4253:
4245:
4241:
4233:
4229:
4221:
4217:
4209:
4205:
4197:
4193:
4185:
4181:
4173:
4169:
4161:
4154:
4146:
4131:
4123:
4116:
4108:
4104:
4057:
4053:
4045:
4041:
4033:
4029:
4023:Weishampel 1997
4021:
4012:
4004:
4000:
3992:
3988:
3980:
3973:
3965:
3958:
3950:
3946:
3937:
3930:
3922:
3918:
3910:
3906:
3898:
3894:
3886:
3882:
3874:
3863:
3855:
3846:
3838:
3829:
3819:
3817:
3812:
3811:
3807:
3799:
3795:
3787:
3783:
3775:
3771:
3763:
3759:
3751:
3740:
3725:
3709:
3705:
3665:
3659:
3655:
3647:
3634:
3626:
3622:
3614:
3603:
3597:Weishampel 1981
3595:
3580:
3572:
3568:
3560:
3549:
3541:
3530:
3522:
3507:
3499:
3492:
3484:
3475:
3469:Williamson 2000
3467:
3454:
3446:
3439:
3431:
3424:
3416:
3393:
3385:
3360:
3352:
3337:
3329:
3316:
3308:
3291:
3283:
3279:
3271:
3258:
3245:
3241:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3220:
3208:
3155:chondrichthyans
3068:Parasaurolophus
3038:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3027:Skull from the
3024:
3023:
3022:
3014:
3013:
3002:
2791:Parasaurolophus
2737:Tyrannosauridae
2713:of New Mexico,
2691:
2672:Parasaurolophus
2668:Parasaurolophus
2503:
2498:
2474:Parasaurolophus
2452:
2440:animated film,
2430:Parasaurolophus
2418:basilisk lizard
2407:Restoration of
2401:
2385:Parasaurolophus
2376:sclerotic rings
2356:Parasaurolophus
2317:Parasaurolophus
2313:Parasaurolophus
2309:Parasaurolophus
2288:Parasaurolophus
2266:Restoration of
2260:
2242:vascularization
2238:
2226:Parasaurolophus
2147:
2139:Parasaurolophus
2123:Parasaurolophus
2114:Parasaurolophus
2106:sexual maturity
2098:Parasaurolophus
2073:Parasaurolophus
2069:
2060:Parasaurolophus
2048:
2039:Parasaurolophus
2001:Parasaurolophus
1993:Parasaurolophus
1989:Parasaurolophus
1985:Parasaurolophus
1981:Parasaurolophus
1977:Parasaurolophus
1961:Parasaurolophus
1950:
1942:Parasaurolophus
1938:Parasaurolophus
1910:Parasaurolophus
1906:
1890:
1885:
1876:
1867:
1858:
1849:
1840:
1831:
1822:
1813:
1804:
1795:
1753:
1750:
1707:
1704:
1694:
1652:
1649:
1640:
1637:
1611:
1608:
1598:
1589:
1580:
1538:
1535:
1506:Parasaurolophus
1478:
1475:
1466:
1463:
1437:
1434:
1408:
1405:
1379:
1376:
1299:Restoration of
1282:Parasaurolophus
1217:Parasaurolophus
1213:
1165:
1105:Parasaurolophus
1085:
1077:K-Pg extinction
1073:Parasaurolophus
1065:Parasaurolophus
1054:Parasaurolophus
1009:Parasaurolophus
977:Parasaurolophus
938:Parasaurolophus
927:
911:Garfield County
899:James A. Jensen
820:San Juan County
784:Parasaurolophus
765:Late Cretaceous
718:Parasaurolophus
702:
671:Parasaurolophus
586:Late Cretaceous
522:
477:
473:
469:Parasaurolophus
442:Paralophosaurus
435:
352:
349:
320:
317:Parasaurolophus
312:
299:
286:
273:
260:
244:
228:
168:
139:
131:
130:
129:
128:
123:
118:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
58:76.9–73.5
57:
56:
49:Late Cretaceous
45:
43:Parasaurolophus
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8437:
8427:
8426:
8421:
8416:
8411:
8406:
8401:
8396:
8391:
8386:
8381:
8376:
8374:Kirtland fauna
8371:
8366:
8361:
8359:Lambeosaurines
8356:
8339:
8338:
8336:
8335:
8322:
8309:
8296:
8283:
8268:
8252:
8250:
8244:
8243:
8229:
8228:
8225:
8224:
8221:
8220:
8218:
8217:
8210:
8202:
8194:
8189:
8179:
8177:Hypsilophodont
8174:
8172:Hadrosaur diet
8169:
8164:
8159:
8151:
8149:
8148:Other articles
8145:
8144:
8142:
8141:
8134:
8127:
8120:
8113:
8110:Stephanosaurus
8106:
8099:
8092:
8085:
8078:
8071:
8064:
8057:
8050:
8047:Fulgurotherium
8043:
8036:
8029:
8021:
8014:
8006:
8004:
7996:
7995:
7993:
7992:
7984:
7982:
7976:
7975:
7973:
7972:
7965:
7958:
7951:
7944:
7937:
7930:
7923:
7920:Iguanodontipus
7916:
7909:
7902:
7895:
7888:
7881:
7874:
7867:
7859:
7857:
7847:
7846:
7836:
7835:
7832:
7831:
7800:
7798:
7795:
7794:
7791:
7790:
7787:
7786:
7783:
7782:
7780:
7779:
7772:
7769:Laiyangosaurus
7765:
7758:
7751:
7744:
7736:
7734:
7732:Edmontosaurini
7728:
7727:
7725:
7724:
7717:
7714:Prosaurolophus
7710:
7702:
7700:
7694:
7693:
7691:
7690:
7683:
7676:
7669:
7662:
7659:Coahuilasaurus
7655:
7646:
7644:
7638:
7637:
7635:
7634:
7627:
7620:
7613:
7605:
7603:
7597:
7596:
7594:
7593:
7585:
7578:
7571:
7564:
7557:
7549:
7547:
7541:
7540:
7538:
7537:
7529:
7523:
7517:
7516:
7513:
7512:
7510:
7509:
7502:
7495:
7488:
7481:
7474:
7467:
7460:
7452:
7450:
7444:
7443:
7441:
7440:
7433:
7426:
7419:
7411:
7409:
7403:
7402:
7400:
7399:
7392:
7385:
7378:
7371:
7363:
7356:
7349:
7342:
7335:
7328:
7321:
7314:
7307:
7299:
7293:
7291:Lambeosaurinae
7287:
7286:
7284:
7283:
7276:
7269:
7262:
7255:
7248:
7240:
7234:
7229:
7226:
7225:
7223:
7222:
7215:
7208:
7201:
7194:
7187:
7180:
7173:
7166:
7159:
7152:
7145:
7138:
7131:
7124:
7117:
7110:
7107:Nanyangosaurus
7103:
7100:Nanningosaurus
7096:
7089:
7082:
7074:
7067:
7060:
7053:
7046:
7039:
7032:
7029:Gilmoreosaurus
7025:
7018:
7011:
7004:
6997:
6990:
6983:
6975:
6968:
6960:
6954:
6951:Hadrosauroidea
6949:
6942:
6941:
6938:Hadrosauroidea
6929:
6928:
6925:
6924:
6903:
6901:
6898:
6897:
6894:
6893:
6890:
6889:
6886:
6885:
6882:
6881:
6879:
6878:
6877:
6876:
6870:
6868:
6866:Hadrosauroidea
6862:
6861:
6859:
6858:
6854:Mantellisaurus
6850:
6843:
6836:
6827:
6825:
6823:Iguanodontidae
6819:
6818:
6816:
6815:
6808:
6801:
6798:Mantellisaurus
6794:
6787:
6780:
6773:
6765:
6759:
6753:
6752:
6750:
6749:
6742:
6735:
6728:
6721:
6714:
6707:
6700:
6693:
6686:
6679:
6672:
6665:
6662:Iguanacolossus
6658:
6651:
6644:
6637:
6629:
6622:
6615:
6608:
6601:
6593:
6587:
6584:Ankylopollexia
6582:
6579:
6578:
6575:
6574:
6572:
6571:
6564:
6556:
6548:
6545:Eousdryosaurus
6541:
6534:
6531:Dysalotosaurus
6527:
6519:
6517:
6511:
6510:
6508:
6507:
6500:
6493:
6485:
6475:
6470:
6467:
6466:
6463:
6462:
6459:
6458:
6456:
6455:
6448:
6441:
6434:
6427:
6420:
6412:
6410:
6408:Rhabdodontidae
6404:
6403:
6401:
6400:
6393:
6386:
6377:
6375:
6368:
6367:
6365:
6364:
6356:
6348:
6339:
6333:
6327:
6326:
6324:
6323:
6319:Weewarrasaurus
6315:
6308:
6301:
6294:
6287:
6280:
6273:
6265:
6258:
6251:
6244:
6241:Leaellynasaura
6237:
6229:
6222:
6219:Gasparinisaura
6215:
6212:Galleonosaurus
6208:
6200:
6193:
6186:
6179:
6171:
6169:
6163:
6162:
6160:
6159:
6151:
6144:
6135:
6133:
6126:
6125:
6123:
6122:
6114:
6107:
6099:
6089:
6084:
6077:
6076:
6064:
6063:
6060:
6059:
6056:
6055:
6052:
6051:
6048:
6047:
6045:
6044:
6043:
6042:
6036:
6034:
6028:
6027:
6025:
6024:
6023:
6022:
6013:
6007:
6001:
6000:
5998:
5997:
5996:
5995:
5986:
5980:
5970:
5969:
5965:
5964:
5955:
5953:Neornithischia
5946:
5937:
5928:
5922:
5906:
5905:
5898:
5897:
5890:
5883:
5875:
5868:
5867:
5855:
5843:
5821:
5820:
5819:at Wikispecies
5808:
5796:
5783:
5770:
5758:
5731:
5730:External links
5728:
5726:
5725:
5707:(4): 897–904.
5696:
5643:
5626:
5613:
5605:Orion (Munich)
5600:
5555:
5537:The Dinosauria
5532:
5512:(3): 150–155.
5497:
5456:(2): 252–261.
5438:
5413:
5404:
5398:
5379:
5355:
5328:
5315:
5284:
5263:
5247:
5241:
5228:
5211:
5191:
5181:(2): 307–318.
5169:
5148:
5132:
5122:(3): 575–577.
5111:
5105:
5089:
5071:(3): 265–273.
5060:
5054:
5041:
5025:
5007:(3): 264–276.
4985:
4979:
4957:
4935:
4929:
4921:The Dinosauria
4916:
4871:
4854:(2): 139–156.
4836:
4796:
4790:
4769:
4753:Stephanosaurus
4745:
4694:
4676:(7): 730–734.
4661:
4624:
4606:(2): 373–393.
4591:
4565:(1): 109–125.
4554:
4548:
4535:
4525:
4500:
4494:
4475:
4450:
4424:
4383:
4377:
4364:
4358:
4345:
4339:
4324:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4275:
4263:
4251:
4239:
4227:
4215:
4203:
4191:
4179:
4167:
4152:
4129:
4114:
4102:
4051:
4039:
4027:
4010:
3998:
3986:
3971:
3956:
3944:
3928:
3916:
3912:Sternberg 1935
3904:
3892:
3880:
3861:
3844:
3827:
3805:
3793:
3781:
3769:
3757:
3738:
3723:
3703:
3653:
3632:
3620:
3601:
3578:
3566:
3547:
3528:
3505:
3490:
3473:
3452:
3437:
3422:
3391:
3358:
3335:
3314:
3289:
3277:
3256:
3239:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3207:
3204:
3102:tyrannosaurids
3087:Talos sampsoni
3026:
3025:
3016:
3015:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2818:ornithischians
2690:
2687:
2631:westward. The
2599:Euoplocephalus
2583:Daspletosaurus
2573:tyrannosaurids
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2451:
2450:Paleopathology
2448:
2400:
2397:
2259:
2256:
2237:
2234:
2218:sense of smell
2146:
2143:
2068:
2065:
2047:
2044:
1949:
1946:
1905:
1902:
1889:
1886:
1882:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1801:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1761:
1756:
1754:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1715:
1710:
1708:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1660:
1655:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1641:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1619:
1614:
1612:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1546:
1541:
1539:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1517:
1512:
1510:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1486:
1481:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1467:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1445:
1440:
1438:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1416:
1411:
1409:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1387:
1382:
1380:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1358:
1353:
1351:
1348:Lambeosaurinae
1343:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1331:
1326:
1324:
1314:
1212:
1211:Classification
1209:
1175:beak and teeth
1164:
1161:
1122:shoulder blade
1084:
1081:
926:
923:
755:Red Deer River
701:
698:
631:P. jiayinensis
572:"duck-billed"
463:
462:
461:
460:
439:
424:
423:
417:
416:
415:
414:
407:P. jiayinensis
400:
381:
359:
358:
357:Other species
354:
353:
350:
338:
337:
331:
330:
310:
306:
305:
297:
293:
292:
290:Lambeosaurinae
284:
280:
279:
271:
267:
266:
258:
251:
250:
248:Neornithischia
242:
235:
234:
226:
219:
218:
213:
206:
205:
200:
196:
195:
190:
186:
185:
180:
176:
175:
162:
161:
150:
149:
141:
140:
126:
125:
124:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
46:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8436:
8425:
8422:
8420:
8417:
8415:
8412:
8410:
8407:
8405:
8402:
8400:
8397:
8395:
8392:
8390:
8387:
8385:
8382:
8380:
8377:
8375:
8372:
8370:
8367:
8365:
8362:
8360:
8357:
8355:
8352:
8351:
8349:
8332:
8327:
8323:
8319:
8314:
8310:
8306:
8301:
8297:
8293:
8288:
8284:
8279:
8273:
8269:
8264:
8258:
8254:
8253:
8251:
8249:
8245:
8241:
8236:
8216:
8215:
8211:
8209:
8207:
8206:Edmontosaurus
8203:
8201:
8199:
8198:Edmontosaurus
8195:
8193:
8190:
8187:
8183:
8180:
8178:
8175:
8173:
8170:
8168:
8165:
8163:
8160:
8158:
8157:
8153:
8152:
8150:
8146:
8140:
8139:
8135:
8133:
8132:
8128:
8126:
8125:
8121:
8119:
8118:
8117:Syngonosaurus
8114:
8112:
8111:
8107:
8105:
8104:
8100:
8098:
8097:
8093:
8091:
8090:
8086:
8084:
8083:
8079:
8077:
8076:
8072:
8070:
8069:
8065:
8063:
8062:
8061:Koutalisaurus
8058:
8056:
8055:
8051:
8049:
8048:
8044:
8042:
8041:
8040:Eucercosaurus
8037:
8035:
8034:
8030:
8027:
8026:
8022:
8020:
8019:
8015:
8013:
8012:
8011:Arstanosaurus
8008:
8007:
8005:
8003:
8002:
7997:
7991:
7990:
7986:
7985:
7983:
7981:
7977:
7971:
7970:
7966:
7964:
7963:
7959:
7957:
7956:
7952:
7950:
7949:
7945:
7943:
7942:
7938:
7936:
7935:
7931:
7929:
7928:
7927:Orcauichnites
7924:
7922:
7921:
7917:
7915:
7914:
7910:
7908:
7907:
7903:
7901:
7900:
7896:
7894:
7893:
7889:
7887:
7886:
7882:
7880:
7879:
7875:
7873:
7872:
7868:
7866:
7865:
7864:Amblydactylus
7861:
7860:
7858:
7856:
7852:
7848:
7841:
7837:
7828:
7824:
7822:
7817:
7811:
7804:
7778:
7777:
7773:
7771:
7770:
7766:
7764:
7763:
7762:Kundurosaurus
7759:
7757:
7756:
7755:Kerberosaurus
7752:
7750:
7749:
7745:
7743:
7742:
7741:Edmontosaurus
7738:
7737:
7735:
7733:
7729:
7723:
7722:
7718:
7716:
7715:
7711:
7709:
7708:
7704:
7703:
7701:
7699:
7695:
7689:
7688:
7684:
7682:
7681:
7677:
7675:
7674:
7670:
7668:
7667:
7663:
7661:
7660:
7656:
7653:
7652:
7651:Anasazisaurus
7648:
7647:
7645:
7643:
7639:
7633:
7632:
7631:Secernosaurus
7628:
7626:
7625:
7624:Kelumapusaura
7621:
7619:
7618:
7614:
7612:
7611:
7607:
7606:
7604:
7602:
7598:
7591:
7590:
7586:
7584:
7583:
7579:
7577:
7576:
7572:
7570:
7569:
7565:
7563:
7562:
7558:
7556:
7555:
7551:
7550:
7548:
7546:
7542:
7536:
7535:
7531:
7530:
7527:
7524:
7522:
7521:Saurolophinae
7518:
7508:
7507:
7503:
7501:
7500:
7496:
7494:
7493:
7489:
7487:
7486:
7482:
7480:
7479:
7475:
7473:
7472:
7471:Hypacrosaurus
7468:
7466:
7465:
7464:Corythosaurus
7461:
7459:
7458:
7454:
7453:
7451:
7449:
7448:Lambeosaurini
7445:
7439:
7438:
7434:
7432:
7431:
7427:
7425:
7424:
7423:Charonosaurus
7420:
7418:
7417:
7413:
7412:
7410:
7408:
7404:
7398:
7397:
7396:Tsintaosaurus
7393:
7391:
7390:
7389:Pararhabdodon
7386:
7384:
7383:
7382:Nipponosaurus
7379:
7377:
7376:
7372:
7369:
7368:
7364:
7362:
7361:
7357:
7355:
7354:
7353:Jaxartosaurus
7350:
7348:
7347:
7343:
7341:
7340:
7336:
7334:
7333:
7329:
7327:
7326:
7322:
7320:
7319:
7315:
7313:
7312:
7308:
7306:
7305:
7304:Adynomosaurus
7301:
7300:
7297:
7294:
7292:
7288:
7282:
7281:
7277:
7275:
7274:
7270:
7268:
7267:
7266:Lapampasaurus
7263:
7261:
7260:
7256:
7254:
7253:
7249:
7247:
7246:
7242:
7241:
7238:
7235:
7232:
7231:Hadrosauridae
7227:
7221:
7220:
7216:
7214:
7213:
7212:Zhanghenglong
7209:
7207:
7206:
7202:
7200:
7199:
7195:
7193:
7192:
7188:
7186:
7185:
7184:Telmatosaurus
7181:
7179:
7178:
7174:
7172:
7171:
7167:
7165:
7164:
7160:
7158:
7157:
7153:
7151:
7150:
7146:
7144:
7143:
7139:
7137:
7136:
7132:
7130:
7129:
7128:Portellsaurus
7125:
7123:
7122:
7118:
7116:
7115:
7111:
7109:
7108:
7104:
7102:
7101:
7097:
7095:
7094:
7090:
7088:
7087:
7083:
7080:
7079:
7075:
7073:
7072:
7068:
7066:
7065:
7061:
7059:
7058:
7054:
7052:
7051:
7047:
7045:
7044:
7040:
7038:
7037:
7033:
7031:
7030:
7026:
7024:
7023:
7019:
7017:
7016:
7012:
7010:
7009:
7005:
7003:
7002:
6998:
6996:
6995:
6991:
6989:
6988:
6984:
6981:
6980:
6976:
6974:
6973:
6969:
6967:
6966:
6962:
6961:
6958:
6955:
6952:
6947:
6943:
6939:
6934:
6930:
6921:
6917:
6914:
6907:
6874:
6873:
6872:
6871:
6869:
6867:
6863:
6856:
6855:
6851:
6849:
6848:
6844:
6842:
6841:
6837:
6834:
6833:
6829:
6828:
6826:
6824:
6820:
6814:
6813:
6809:
6807:
6806:
6802:
6800:
6799:
6795:
6793:
6792:
6791:Jinzhousaurus
6788:
6786:
6785:
6784:Hypselospinus
6781:
6779:
6778:
6774:
6772:
6771:
6767:
6766:
6763:
6760:
6758:
6754:
6748:
6747:
6743:
6741:
6740:
6739:Theiophytalia
6736:
6734:
6733:
6729:
6727:
6726:
6722:
6720:
6719:
6715:
6713:
6712:
6708:
6706:
6705:
6701:
6699:
6698:
6694:
6692:
6691:
6687:
6685:
6684:
6680:
6678:
6677:
6673:
6671:
6670:
6669:Lanzhousaurus
6666:
6664:
6663:
6659:
6657:
6656:
6652:
6650:
6649:
6645:
6643:
6642:
6638:
6635:
6634:
6630:
6628:
6627:
6623:
6621:
6620:
6616:
6614:
6613:
6609:
6607:
6606:
6602:
6600:
6599:
6595:
6594:
6591:
6588:
6585:
6580:
6570:
6569:
6565:
6562:
6561:
6557:
6554:
6553:
6549:
6547:
6546:
6542:
6540:
6539:
6538:Elrhazosaurus
6535:
6533:
6532:
6528:
6526:
6525:
6521:
6520:
6518:
6516:
6512:
6506:
6505:
6501:
6499:
6498:
6494:
6492:
6491:
6487:
6486:
6483:
6479:
6476:
6473:
6468:
6454:
6453:
6449:
6447:
6446:
6442:
6440:
6439:
6435:
6433:
6432:
6428:
6426:
6425:
6421:
6419:
6418:
6414:
6413:
6411:
6409:
6405:
6399:
6398:
6397:Tenontosaurus
6394:
6392:
6391:
6387:
6384:
6383:
6382:Convolosaurus
6379:
6378:
6376:
6373:
6369:
6362:
6361:
6357:
6354:
6353:
6349:
6346:
6345:
6344:Ampelognathus
6341:
6340:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6328:
6321:
6320:
6316:
6314:
6313:
6309:
6307:
6306:
6302:
6300:
6299:
6295:
6293:
6292:
6288:
6286:
6285:
6281:
6279:
6278:
6274:
6271:
6270:
6266:
6264:
6263:
6259:
6257:
6256:
6255:Mahuidacursor
6252:
6250:
6249:
6245:
6243:
6242:
6238:
6235:
6234:
6230:
6228:
6227:
6223:
6221:
6220:
6216:
6214:
6213:
6209:
6206:
6205:
6201:
6199:
6198:
6194:
6192:
6191:
6187:
6185:
6184:
6180:
6178:
6177:
6173:
6172:
6170:
6168:
6164:
6157:
6156:
6152:
6150:
6149:
6148:Hypsilophodon
6145:
6142:
6141:
6137:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6127:
6120:
6119:
6115:
6113:
6112:
6111:Callovosaurus
6108:
6106:
6105:
6104:Burianosaurus
6101:
6100:
6097:
6093:
6090:
6087:
6082:
6078:
6074:
6069:
6065:
6040:
6039:
6038:
6037:
6035:
6033:
6029:
6021:
6017:
6016:
6015:
6014:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6002:
5994:
5990:
5989:
5988:
5987:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5975:
5971:
5963:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5923:
5921:
5917:
5916:
5911:
5907:
5903:
5896:
5891:
5889:
5884:
5882:
5877:
5876:
5873:
5866:
5865:United States
5856:
5854:
5844:
5842:
5832:
5831:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5809:
5806:
5801:
5797:
5793:
5791:
5784:
5780:
5778:
5771:
5767:
5763:
5759:
5747:
5743:
5741:
5734:
5733:
5722:
5718:
5714:
5710:
5706:
5702:
5697:
5693:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5665:
5661:
5658:(6): e98821.
5657:
5653:
5649:
5644:
5640:
5636:
5632:
5627:
5623:
5619:
5614:
5610:
5607:(in German).
5606:
5601:
5597:
5593:
5589:
5585:
5581:
5577:
5573:
5569:
5565:
5561:
5556:
5552:
5546:
5538:
5533:
5529:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5511:
5507:
5503:
5498:
5491:
5487:
5483:
5479:
5475:
5471:
5467:
5463:
5459:
5455:
5451:
5444:
5439:
5435:
5431:
5427:
5423:
5419:
5414:
5410:
5405:
5401:
5395:
5391:
5387:
5386:
5380:
5376:
5372:
5365:
5363:
5356:
5349:
5345:
5341:
5334:
5329:
5325:
5321:
5316:
5309:
5305:
5301:
5294:
5292:
5285:
5281:
5277:
5273:
5269:
5264:
5260:
5256:
5252:
5248:
5244:
5238:
5234:
5229:
5225:
5221:
5219:
5212:
5208:
5204:
5200:
5196:
5192:
5188:
5184:
5180:
5176:
5170:
5166:
5162:
5158:
5156:
5149:
5145:
5141:
5137:
5133:
5129:
5125:
5121:
5117:
5112:
5108:
5102:
5098:
5094:
5090:
5086:
5082:
5078:
5074:
5070:
5066:
5061:
5057:
5051:
5047:
5042:
5038:
5034:
5030:
5026:
5022:
5018:
5014:
5010:
5006:
5002:
4995:
4993:
4986:
4982:
4976:
4972:
4971:
4966:
4962:
4958:
4954:
4950:
4946:
4942:
4936:
4932:
4926:
4922:
4917:
4913:
4909:
4905:
4901:
4897:
4893:
4889:
4885:
4881:
4877:
4872:
4865:
4861:
4857:
4853:
4849:
4842:
4837:
4833:
4829:
4825:
4821:
4817:
4813:
4806:
4804:
4797:
4793:
4787:
4783:
4779:
4777:
4770:
4766:
4762:
4758:
4754:
4750:
4746:
4742:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4714:
4710:
4709:
4704:
4702:
4695:
4691:
4687:
4683:
4679:
4675:
4671:
4667:
4662:
4658:
4654:
4650:
4646:
4642:
4638:
4634:
4632:
4625:
4621:
4617:
4613:
4609:
4605:
4601:
4597:
4592:
4588:
4584:
4580:
4576:
4572:
4568:
4564:
4560:
4555:
4551:
4545:
4541:
4536:
4532:
4526:
4514:
4510:
4506:
4501:
4497:
4491:
4487:
4483:
4482:
4476:
4472:
4468:
4464:
4460:
4456:
4451:
4447:
4443:
4439:
4435:
4434:
4429:
4425:
4421:
4417:
4413:
4409:
4405:
4401:
4397:
4393:
4389:
4384:
4380:
4374:
4370:
4365:
4361:
4355:
4351:
4346:
4342:
4336:
4332:
4331:
4325:
4321:
4317:
4313:
4309:
4305:
4301:
4297:
4294:(in German).
4293:
4289:
4288:Abel, Othenio
4285:
4284:
4272:
4267:
4260:
4255:
4248:
4243:
4236:
4231:
4224:
4219:
4212:
4207:
4200:
4195:
4188:
4183:
4176:
4175:Longrich 2011
4171:
4164:
4159:
4157:
4149:
4144:
4142:
4140:
4138:
4136:
4134:
4126:
4121:
4119:
4111:
4106:
4098:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4070:
4066:
4062:
4055:
4048:
4043:
4036:
4031:
4024:
4019:
4017:
4015:
4007:
4002:
3995:
3990:
3983:
3978:
3976:
3968:
3963:
3961:
3953:
3948:
3942:
3935:
3933:
3925:
3920:
3913:
3908:
3901:
3900:Wilfarth 1947
3896:
3889:
3884:
3877:
3872:
3870:
3868:
3866:
3858:
3853:
3851:
3849:
3841:
3836:
3834:
3832:
3815:
3809:
3802:
3797:
3790:
3785:
3778:
3773:
3766:
3761:
3754:
3749:
3747:
3745:
3743:
3734:
3730:
3726:
3720:
3716:
3715:
3707:
3699:
3695:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3664:
3657:
3650:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3639:
3637:
3629:
3624:
3617:
3612:
3610:
3608:
3606:
3598:
3593:
3591:
3589:
3587:
3585:
3583:
3575:
3570:
3563:
3558:
3556:
3554:
3552:
3544:
3539:
3537:
3535:
3533:
3525:
3520:
3518:
3516:
3514:
3512:
3510:
3502:
3497:
3495:
3487:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3470:
3465:
3463:
3461:
3459:
3457:
3449:
3444:
3442:
3434:
3429:
3427:
3419:
3414:
3412:
3410:
3408:
3406:
3404:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3396:
3388:
3383:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3375:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3367:
3365:
3363:
3355:
3350:
3348:
3346:
3344:
3342:
3340:
3332:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3321:
3319:
3311:
3306:
3304:
3302:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3294:
3286:
3281:
3274:
3269:
3267:
3265:
3263:
3261:
3252:
3251:
3243:
3236:
3231:
3227:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3203:
3201:
3200:insectivorans
3197:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3184:
3180:
3179:apex predator
3176:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3142:
3137:
3136:
3131:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3108:
3107:Teratophoneus
3103:
3099:
3098:
3093:
3092:ornithomimids
3089:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3077:
3076:dromaeosaurid
3073:
3069:
3065:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3034:
3030:
3020:
3011:
2997:
2995:
2994:Struthiomimus
2991:
2987:
2986:
2981:
2980:
2975:
2974:
2969:
2968:
2963:
2962:
2957:
2956:
2951:
2950:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2934:sp.; and the
2933:
2930:
2926:
2925:
2921:
2920:tyrannosaurid
2917:
2916:
2911:
2907:
2906:
2901:
2900:
2895:
2894:
2889:
2888:
2884:
2883:ankylosaurids
2880:
2876:
2875:
2870:
2869:
2864:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2854:
2849:
2848:
2843:
2842:
2837:
2836:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2798:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2783:Hadrosauridae
2780:
2779:Hadrosaurinae
2776:
2775:
2774:Corythosaurus
2770:
2769:
2764:
2760:
2759:
2758:Struthiomimus
2754:
2753:
2748:
2744:
2743:
2738:
2734:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2705:
2701:
2700:
2699:Teratophoneus
2695:
2686:
2684:
2683:
2682:Pentaceratops
2677:
2673:
2669:
2664:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2600:
2595:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2584:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2569:Corythosaurus
2566:
2565:
2560:
2559:
2558:Struthiomimus
2555:
2554:ornithomimids
2551:
2550:
2549:Styracosaurus
2545:
2544:
2539:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2493:
2490:
2486:
2481:
2477:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2460:
2456:
2447:
2445:
2444:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2426:Edmontosaurus
2423:
2422:Corythosaurus
2419:
2410:
2405:
2396:
2394:
2390:
2389:Corythosaurus
2386:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2360:physiological
2357:
2353:
2349:
2344:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2333:Corythosaurus
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2301:Corythosaurus
2298:
2297:Hypacrosaurus
2294:
2289:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2270:
2269:Charonosaurus
2264:
2255:
2252:
2248:
2243:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2190:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2160:
2156:
2151:
2142:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2131:Hypacrosaurus
2128:
2127:Corythosaurus
2124:
2119:
2118:frontal bones
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2064:
2061:
2052:
2046:Cranial crest
2043:
2040:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2012:
2008:
2006:
2005:Corythosaurus
2002:
1998:
1997:Corythosaurus
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1954:
1945:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1934:Robert Bakker
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1898:
1894:
1880:
1879:
1871:
1870:
1862:
1861:
1853:
1852:
1844:
1843:
1835:
1834:
1826:
1825:
1817:
1816:
1808:
1807:
1799:
1798:
1790:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1784:
1783:H. stebingeri
1777:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1767:
1760:
1759:
1748:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1731:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1720:Corythosaurus
1714:
1713:
1702:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1689:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1666:
1659:
1658:
1647:
1646:
1635:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1625:
1624:Nipponosaurus
1618:
1617:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1593:
1592:
1584:
1583:
1575:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1569:
1562:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1552:
1545:
1544:
1533:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1523:
1516:
1515:
1508:
1507:
1502:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1491:Charonosaurus
1485:
1484:
1473:
1472:
1461:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1444:
1443:
1432:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1422:
1421:Jaxartosaurus
1415:
1414:
1403:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1393:
1392:Tsintaosaurus
1386:
1385:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1357:
1356:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1335:Hadrosaurinae
1330:
1329:
1322:
1321:Hadrosauridae
1318:
1317:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1302:
1297:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1258:Charonosaurus
1254:
1253:
1248:
1247:
1246:Hypacrosaurus
1242:
1241:
1240:Corythosaurus
1236:
1232:
1228:
1227:lambeosaurine
1224:
1223:
1218:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1174:
1169:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1145:neural spines
1141:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1110:
1109:type specimen
1106:
1099:(right, blue)
1098:
1094:
1089:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1060:
1059:Charonosaurus
1055:
1051:
1050:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
995:was named by
994:
989:
987:
983:
978:
974:
969:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
931:
922:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
804:
802:
801:Maastrichtian
798:
794:
790:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
766:
763:
760:
756:
752:
748:
745:
741:
731:
727:
723:
719:
711:
706:
697:
695:
691:
690:
689:Charonosaurus
685:
680:
676:
672:
668:
666:
662:
661:William Parks
658:
657:Charonosaurus
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
637:
636:Charonosaurus
632:
628:
627:
622:
621:
616:
612:
611:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
587:
583:
580:and possibly
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
562:
555:
471:
470:
457:
456:
455:lapsus calami
451:
447:
443:
440:
433:
432:
431:Charonosaurus
428:
427:
425:
422:
418:
409:
408:
401:
398:
394:
390:
389:
382:
379:
375:
371:
370:
363:
362:
360:
355:
348:
347:
339:
336:
332:
328:
324:
319:
318:
311:
308:
307:
304:
298:
295:
294:
291:
285:
282:
281:
278:
277:Hadrosauridae
272:
269:
268:
265:
259:
256:
253:
252:
249:
243:
240:
237:
236:
233:
227:
224:
221:
220:
217:
214:
211:
208:
207:
204:
201:
198:
197:
194:
191:
188:
187:
184:
181:
178:
177:
172:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
142:
137:
136:Maastrichtian
122:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
61:
54:
50:
44:
40:
37:
33:
19:
8247:
8212:
8205:
8197:
8185:
8154:
8136:
8129:
8122:
8115:
8108:
8101:
8094:
8087:
8080:
8073:
8066:
8059:
8052:
8045:
8038:
8031:
8025:Claorhynchus
8023:
8016:
8009:
8001:Nomina dubia
7999:
7989:Guegoolithus
7987:
7967:
7960:
7955:Staurichnium
7953:
7948:Sousaichnium
7946:
7939:
7932:
7925:
7918:
7911:
7904:
7899:Dakotasaurus
7897:
7892:Caririchnium
7890:
7883:
7876:
7869:
7862:
7806:
7774:
7767:
7760:
7753:
7746:
7739:
7719:
7712:
7705:
7698:Saurolophini
7685:
7678:
7671:
7664:
7657:
7649:
7642:Kritosaurini
7629:
7622:
7617:Huallasaurus
7615:
7608:
7589:Wulagasaurus
7587:
7580:
7573:
7566:
7559:
7552:
7532:
7504:
7497:
7490:
7483:
7478:Lambeosaurus
7476:
7469:
7462:
7455:
7435:
7429:
7428:
7421:
7414:
7394:
7387:
7380:
7373:
7365:
7358:
7351:
7344:
7337:
7330:
7323:
7316:
7309:
7302:
7280:Yamatosaurus
7278:
7271:
7264:
7257:
7250:
7245:Aquilarhinus
7243:
7217:
7210:
7203:
7196:
7191:Tethyshadros
7189:
7182:
7175:
7168:
7161:
7154:
7147:
7140:
7133:
7126:
7121:Plesiohadros
7119:
7112:
7105:
7098:
7093:Lophorhothon
7091:
7084:
7076:
7069:
7062:
7055:
7048:
7041:
7034:
7027:
7020:
7013:
7006:
6999:
6992:
6985:
6979:Batyrosaurus
6977:
6972:Bactrosaurus
6970:
6963:
6909:
6852:
6845:
6838:
6830:
6812:Ouranosaurus
6810:
6803:
6796:
6789:
6782:
6777:Brighstoneus
6775:
6768:
6744:
6737:
6730:
6723:
6716:
6709:
6704:Osmakasaurus
6702:
6697:Oblitosaurus
6695:
6688:
6681:
6674:
6667:
6660:
6653:
6646:
6639:
6631:
6624:
6619:Camptosaurus
6617:
6610:
6603:
6596:
6566:
6560:Kangnasaurus
6558:
6550:
6543:
6536:
6529:
6522:
6515:Dryosauridae
6502:
6495:
6488:
6450:
6443:
6436:
6429:
6422:
6417:Matheronodon
6415:
6395:
6388:
6380:
6358:
6350:
6342:
6317:
6310:
6303:
6296:
6291:Sektensaurus
6289:
6284:Qantassaurus
6282:
6275:
6267:
6260:
6253:
6246:
6239:
6233:Kangnasaurus
6231:
6224:
6217:
6210:
6202:
6197:Diluvicursor
6195:
6188:
6181:
6174:
6155:Vectidromeus
6153:
6146:
6138:
6116:
6109:
6102:
6020:Ornithischia
6005:Ornithischia
5957:
5948:
5944:Ornithischia
5939:
5930:
5822:
5789:
5776:
5766:the original
5750:. Retrieved
5746:the original
5739:
5704:
5700:
5655:
5651:
5638:
5634:
5630:
5621:
5617:
5608:
5604:
5563:
5559:
5536:
5509:
5505:
5490:the original
5453:
5450:Paleobiology
5449:
5425:
5421:
5417:
5408:
5384:
5374:
5370:
5361:
5348:the original
5343:
5339:
5323:
5308:the original
5303:
5299:
5290:
5271:
5267:
5258:
5254:
5232:
5224:the original
5217:
5198:
5178:
5174:
5164:
5160:
5154:
5143:
5139:
5119:
5115:
5096:
5068:
5064:
5045:
5036:
5032:
5004:
5000:
4991:
4969:
4965:Robert Scott
4952:
4948:
4944:
4940:
4920:
4882:(1): 21–43.
4879:
4876:Paleobiology
4875:
4864:the original
4851:
4847:
4815:
4811:
4802:
4781:
4775:
4767:(43): 29–48.
4764:
4760:
4756:
4752:
4712:
4706:
4700:
4673:
4669:
4665:
4640:
4636:
4630:
4603:
4599:
4595:
4562:
4559:Paleobiology
4558:
4539:
4530:
4517:. Retrieved
4513:the original
4508:
4480:
4462:
4458:
4454:
4432:
4395:
4391:
4387:
4368:
4349:
4329:
4295:
4291:
4266:
4254:
4247:Clinton 1996
4242:
4230:
4218:
4206:
4194:
4182:
4170:
4105:
4068:
4064:
4054:
4042:
4030:
4006:Wheeler 1978
4001:
3989:
3947:
3924:Colbert 1945
3919:
3907:
3895:
3883:
3818:. Retrieved
3808:
3796:
3784:
3777:Gilmore 1924
3772:
3760:
3713:
3706:
3676:(1): 51–60.
3673:
3669:
3656:
3623:
3569:
3448:Simpson 1979
3280:
3249:
3242:
3230:
3181:
3175:crocodilians
3148:
3139:
3133:
3127:
3125:ceratopsians
3118:
3105:
3095:
3085:
3067:
3066:
3039:
3032:
2993:
2985:Leidyosuchus
2983:
2977:
2971:
2965:
2959:
2953:
2947:
2943:
2932:Ornithomimus
2931:
2929:ornithomimid
2922:
2913:
2909:
2903:
2897:
2891:
2885:
2878:
2872:
2866:
2860:
2858:hadrosaurids
2851:
2845:
2839:
2833:
2822:saurischians
2814:crurotarsans
2801:
2799:
2790:
2787:Ceratopsidae
2772:
2768:Chasmosaurus
2766:
2756:
2750:
2747:Troodontidae
2742:Ornithomimus
2740:
2730:
2721:
2714:
2708:
2703:
2702:attacking a
2697:
2680:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2665:
2629:transgressed
2605:Dyoplosaurus
2603:
2597:
2591:
2581:
2575:
2568:
2562:
2556:
2547:
2543:Chasmosaurus
2541:
2537:Centrosaurus
2535:
2520:
2519:
2509:
2496:Paleoecology
2488:
2484:
2482:
2478:
2473:
2465:
2464:
2458:
2441:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2414:
2408:
2393:Lambeosaurus
2392:
2388:
2384:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2345:
2339:to those of
2332:
2328:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2305:Lambeosaurus
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2267:
2239:
2225:
2222:
2198:Othenio Abel
2191:
2164:
2158:
2157:(above) and
2154:
2138:
2135:Lambeosaurus
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2113:
2110:Lambeosaurus
2109:
2101:
2097:
2088:
2084:
2081:James Hopson
2072:
2070:
2059:
2057:
2038:
2036:
2017:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1960:
1959:
1941:
1937:
1912:was a large
1909:
1907:
1896:
1888:Paleobiology
1781:
1780:
1764:
1763:
1735:
1734:
1718:
1717:
1680:
1679:
1663:
1662:
1622:
1621:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1550:
1549:
1548:
1521:
1520:
1519:
1505:
1504:
1489:
1488:
1448:
1447:
1419:
1418:
1390:
1389:
1361:
1360:
1333:
1307:
1305:
1300:
1289:
1281:
1273:
1256:
1252:Lambeosaurus
1250:
1244:
1238:
1235:hadrosaurine
1230:
1220:
1216:
1214:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1178:
1172:
1156:
1142:
1129:
1117:
1112:
1104:
1102:
1096:
1092:
1072:
1069:P. jiayensis
1068:
1064:
1057:
1053:
1047:
1045:
1040:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
992:
990:
981:
976:
972:
970:
965:
961:
957:
949:
945:
941:
937:
936:
918:
886:
882:
870:
861:
843:
839:
831:
805:
788:
783:
774:in honor of
771:
739:
729:
725:
717:
715:
709:
687:
670:
669:
656:
653:Heilongjiang
634:
630:
625:
624:
619:
618:
615:type species
609:
608:
559:
468:
467:
466:
453:
441:
429:
405:
387:
386:
368:
367:
345:
344:
335:Type species
316:
315:
254:
238:
232:Ornithischia
222:
209:
153:
42:
36:
8272:Wikispecies
8214:Willinakaqe
8186:nomina nuda
8103:Siluosaurus
8068:Loncosaurus
7906:Dinehichnus
7748:Kamuysaurus
7721:Saurolophus
7673:Kritosaurus
7666:Gryposaurus
7499:Sahaliyania
7485:Magnapaulia
7457:Amurosaurus
7437:Tlatolophus
7416:Adelolophus
7360:Kazaklambia
7339:Blasisaurus
7332:Arenysaurus
7325:Aralosaurus
7259:Hadrosaurus
7252:Eotrachodon
7205:Yunganglong
7170:Sirindhorna
7142:Protohadros
7078:Koshisaurus
7071:Jintasaurus
6840:Comptonatus
6690:Napaisaurus
6676:Lurdusaurus
6648:Fukuisaurus
6626:Cedrorestes
6568:Valdosaurus
6431:Pareisactus
6262:Morrosaurus
6226:Isasicursor
6190:Chakisaurus
6086:Ornithopoda
6073:Ornithopoda
6032:Ornithopoda
5902:Ornithopoda
5274:(3): 1–68.
5261:(52): 1–37.
4519:November 9,
4398:(1): 1–16.
4035:Sandia 1997
3982:Ostrom 1962
3857:Norman 1985
3801:Bakker 1986
3616:Hopson 1975
3486:Ostrom 1961
3235:Martin 2014
3183:Deinosuchus
3163:salamanders
3070:shared its
2763:Ornithopoda
2719:ceratopsian
2676:Kritosaurus
2661:angiosperms
2614:floodplains
2577:Gorgosaurus
2564:Gryposaurus
2523:, from the
2516:environment
2438:Walt Disney
2436:and in the
2372:eye sockets
2323:55 and 720
2321:frequencies
2210:salt glands
2187:Ned Colbert
1918:quadrupedal
1450:Amurosaurus
1363:Aralosaurus
1231:Saurolophus
1222:Saurolophus
1185:nasal bones
1171:Closeup of
1083:Description
1005:Kaiparowits
997:John Ostrom
875:postcranial
863:John Ostrom
856:monographic
675:hadrosaurid
584:during the
570:hadrosaurid
561:Saurolophus
351:Parks, 1922
283:Subfamily:
264:Ornithopoda
8348:Categories
8156:Arkharavia
8131:Tichosteus
8124:Thespesius
8096:Pteropelyx
8089:Orthomerus
7969:Wintonopus
7554:Acristavus
7534:Barsboldia
7492:Olorotitan
7367:Latirhinus
7219:Zuoyunlong
7086:Levnesovia
7036:Gobihadros
7001:Datonglong
6994:Claosaurus
6965:Altirhinus
6875:see below↓
6805:Morelladon
6683:Magnamanus
6655:Hippodraco
6524:Dryosaurus
6497:Hesperonyx
6472:Dryomorpha
6312:Trinisaura
6305:Tietasaura
6298:Talenkauen
6176:Anabisetia
6041:see below↓
5935:Dinosauria
5752:October 5,
5641:(5): 1–11.
5624:: 191–213.
5611:: 525–532.
5506:BioScience
5377:: 393–404.
5029:Lull, R.S.
4955:: 202–215.
4941:Stegoceras
4759:, Parks".
4465:(3): 38A.
4223:Eaton 2002
3888:Romer 1933
3876:Evans 2006
3433:Wiman 1931
3310:Parks 1922
3218:References
3196:marsupials
3083:troodontid
3057:Appalachia
3045:Cretaceous
2988:, and the
2936:troodontid
2879:P. tubicen
2826:pterosaurs
2802:P. tubicen
2689:New Mexico
2657:tree ferns
2649:understory
2593:Edmontonia
2510:P. walkeri
2489:P. walkeri
2466:P. walkeri
2459:P. walkeri
2409:P. walkeri
2352:P. walkeri
2348:P. tubicen
2341:crocodiles
2337:inner ears
2293:P. tubicen
2278:P. walkeri
2274:P. tubicen
2159:P. walkeri
2089:P. tubicen
2034:in shape.
1897:P. walkeri
1737:Olorotitan
1568:P. walkeri
1551:P. tubicen
1301:P. walkeri
1290:P. tubicen
1201:P. tubicen
1197:P. walkeri
1193:P. tubicen
1189:P. walkeri
1181:premaxilla
1173:P. walkeri
1157:P. walkeri
1130:P. walkeri
1118:P. tubicen
1113:P. walkeri
1097:P. walkeri
1033:P. tubicen
1025:P. tubicen
1021:P. tubicen
1017:P. walkeri
982:P. tubicen
973:P. tubicen
962:P. tubicen
958:P. walkeri
946:P. tubicen
942:P. walkeri
844:P. tubicen
832:P. tubicen
828:Carl Wiman
789:P. walkeri
772:P. walkeri
710:P. walkeri
645:New Mexico
620:P. tubicen
610:P. walkeri
369:P. tubicen
216:Dinosauria
32:Parasaurus
8138:Trachodon
8054:Glishades
8033:Diclonius
7871:Anomoepus
7855:Ichnotaxa
7568:Maiasaura
7506:Velafrons
7015:Equijubus
6987:Choyrodon
6847:Iguanodon
6711:Planicoxa
6641:Dakotadon
6612:Calvarius
6438:Rhabdodon
6424:Mochlodon
6167:Elasmaria
5918:Kingdom:
5841:Dinosaurs
5721:131302174
5545:cite book
5220:Dinosaur"
4587:198152630
4280:Citations
3952:Abel 1924
3840:Glut 1997
3820:March 31,
3733:985402380
3223:Footnotes
3177:like the
3079:theropods
3053:Laramidia
2990:theropods
2470:pathology
2202:cassowary
2194:ligaments
2175:proboscis
2032:trapezoid
2028:river bed
1149:vertebrae
1134:upper arm
1126:thighbone
1061:jiayensis
1011:species,
1001:Fruitland
887:cristatus
806:In 1921,
759:Campanian
601:quadruped
593:herbivore
189:Kingdom:
183:Eukaryota
53:Campanian
8292:47459915
8257:Wikidata
8018:Cionodon
7687:Rhinorex
7575:Ornatops
7375:Minqaria
7346:Canardia
7273:Malefica
7198:Xuwulong
7163:Siamodon
7064:Jeyawati
7050:Gonkoken
7008:Eolambia
6832:Barilium
6633:Cumnoria
6598:Barilium
6504:Owenodon
6490:Draconyx
6452:Zalmoxes
6352:Fostoria
6204:Fostoria
5962:Cerapoda
5926:Chordata
5924:Phylum:
5920:Animalia
5692:24901454
5652:PLOS ONE
5486:89109302
5197:(1933).
5140:Postilla
4967:(1980).
4912:88689241
4741:24167777
4715:: e182.
4620:86070917
4430:(1945).
4420:54029279
4097:33289113
3698:53446536
3206:See also
3144:and the
2944:robustus
2771:, ?
2765:, ?
2755:, ?
2749:, ?
2745:, ?
2739:, ?
2641:Conifers
2443:Fantasia
2368:auditory
2093:juvenile
1286:subadult
1049:PLoS ONE
826:, where
744:based on
603:. Three
574:dinosaur
421:Synonyms
270:Family:
203:Chordata
199:Phylum:
193:Animalia
179:Domain:
8318:1019174
8305:4823227
8263:Q203583
7311:Ajnabia
6746:Uteodon
5827:Portals
5683:4047018
5660:Bibcode
5596:4160470
5568:Bibcode
5528:1313034
5478:2400478
5458:Bibcode
5434:1304144
5390:206–328
5207:1186563
5167:: 5–32.
5146:: 1–29.
5128:1301139
5073:Bibcode
5065:Lethaia
5009:Bibcode
4904:2400327
4884:Bibcode
4848:Lethaia
4820:Bibcode
4732:3807589
4678:Bibcode
4645:Bibcode
4567:Bibcode
4533:: 1–66.
4486:312–348
4400:Bibcode
4320:1133858
4300:Bibcode
4088:8053592
3690:4524171
3188:mammals
3171:lizards
3167:turtles
2992: ?
2830:turtles
2789:. When
2709:In the
2633:climate
2589:armored
2501:Alberta
2485:et al.,
2380:diurnal
2171:snorkel
2161:(below)
2024:erosion
2020:maxilla
1926:chewing
1914:bipedal
1751:unnamed
1705:unnamed
1650:unnamed
1638:unnamed
1609:unnamed
1536:unnamed
1509:
1476:unnamed
1464:unnamed
1435:unnamed
1406:unnamed
1377:unnamed
1350:
1323:
1147:of the
925:Species
846:skull (
840:tǔbǐcěn
824:Uppsala
797:Montana
663:from a
641:Alberta
605:species
564:) is a
309:Genus:
296:Tribe:
127:↓
7980:Ootaxa
7177:Tanius
6770:Bolong
5853:Canada
5719:
5690:
5680:
5594:
5588:692723
5586:
5560:Nature
5526:
5484:
5476:
5432:
5396:
5239:
5205:
5126:
5103:
5052:
4977:
4927:
4910:
4902:
4788:
4739:
4729:
4618:
4585:
4546:
4492:
4446:691246
4444:
4418:
4375:
4356:
4337:
4318:
4095:
4085:
3731:
3721:
3696:
3688:
3198:, and
3123:, the
3114:, the
3081:, the
2927:; the
2881:; the
2877:, and
2828:, and
2810:fishes
2785:, and
2726:; the
2659:, and
2645:canopy
2622:marine
2618:swampy
2610:rivers
2546:, and
2533:horned
2364:visual
2303:, and
2280:, and
2185:, and
1948:Growth
1922:plants
1503:
1346:
1319:
1249:, and
1138:pelvic
1124:. The
948:, and
883:curtus
881:words
740:lophos
735:σαυρος
730:saurus
724:words
679:family
673:was a
647:, and
599:and a
589:period
446:Martin
393:Ostrom
8331:38766
8313:IRMNG
7022:Fylax
6552:Iyuku
5958:Clade
5949:Clade
5940:Clade
5931:Clade
5717:S2CID
5592:S2CID
5524:JSTOR
5493:(PDF)
5482:S2CID
5474:JSTOR
5446:(PDF)
5430:JSTOR
5367:(PDF)
5351:(PDF)
5336:(PDF)
5311:(PDF)
5296:(PDF)
5124:JSTOR
4997:(PDF)
4908:S2CID
4900:JSTOR
4867:(PDF)
4844:(PDF)
4808:(PDF)
4708:PeerJ
4616:S2CID
4583:S2CID
4416:S2CID
4316:S2CID
3694:S2CID
3686:JSTOR
3666:(PDF)
3159:frogs
3104:like
3094:like
2653:ferns
2637:frost
2580:and
2529:fauna
2247:brain
2183:lungs
1930:cheek
1278:basal
1267:clade
1233:is a
1163:Skull
956:, is
879:Latin
848:NMMNH
838:word
836:Latin
722:Greek
684:skull
665:skull
613:(the
597:biped
566:genus
374:Wiman
323:Parks
255:Clade
239:Clade
223:Clade
210:Clade
8300:GBIF
6718:Proa
6390:Iani
6018:see
5991:see
5754:2014
5688:PMID
5584:PMID
5551:link
5394:ISBN
5237:ISBN
5203:OCLC
5101:ISBN
5050:ISBN
4975:ISBN
4963:and
4925:ISBN
4786:ISBN
4737:PMID
4544:ISBN
4521:2013
4490:ISBN
4442:OCLC
4373:ISBN
4354:ISBN
4335:ISBN
4093:PMID
3822:2021
3729:OCLC
3719:ISBN
3173:and
3138:and
3061:peat
3000:Utah
2976:and
2912:and
2902:and
2890:and
2850:and
2838:and
2674:and
2612:and
2602:and
2587:and
2567:and
2424:and
2366:and
1916:and
1263:Amur
1199:and
1183:and
1153:Skin
1136:and
1003:and
954:type
915:Utah
897:and
867:FMNH
726:para
649:Utah
582:Asia
450:2014
397:1961
378:1931
327:1922
66:PreꞒ
8287:EoL
5709:doi
5678:PMC
5668:doi
5576:doi
5564:275
5514:doi
5466:doi
5276:doi
5183:doi
5081:doi
5017:doi
4947:".
4892:doi
4856:doi
4828:doi
4816:330
4727:PMC
4717:doi
4686:doi
4653:doi
4608:doi
4575:doi
4467:doi
4457:".
4438:156
4408:doi
4308:doi
4083:PMC
4073:doi
4069:238
3678:doi
2651:of
2512:in
2391:or
1111:of
1019:or
909:of
903:BYU
818:in
812:PMU
795:of
762:age
747:ROM
655:if
617:),
568:of
530:ɔːr
55:),
8350::
8328::
8315::
8302::
8289::
8274::
8259::
5960::
5951::
5942::
5933::
5715:.
5705:25
5703:.
5686:.
5676:.
5666:.
5654:.
5650:.
5622:17
5620:.
5590:.
5582:.
5574:.
5562:.
5547:}}
5543:{{
5522:.
5510:47
5508:.
5504:.
5480:.
5472:.
5464:.
5452:.
5448:.
5426:53
5424:.
5392:.
5375:53
5373:.
5369:.
5344:53
5342:.
5338:.
5304:15
5302:.
5298:.
5272:16
5270:.
5259:77
5257:.
5179:26
5177:.
5165:13
5163:.
5159:.
5144:62
5142:.
5120:35
5118:.
5079:.
5069:12
5067:.
5037:40
5015:.
5005:32
5003:.
4999:.
4953:53
4906:.
4898:.
4890:.
4878:.
4852:45
4850:.
4846:.
4826:.
4814:.
4810:.
4765:38
4763:.
4735:.
4725:.
4711:.
4705:.
4684:.
4674:51
4672:.
4651:.
4641:46
4639:.
4635:.
4614:.
4604:27
4602:.
4581:.
4573:.
4563:32
4561:.
4507:.
4488:.
4463:18
4461:.
4440:.
4414:.
4406:.
4396:30
4394:.
4314:.
4306:.
4296:12
4155:^
4132:^
4117:^
4091:.
4081:.
4067:.
4063:.
4013:^
3974:^
3959:^
3931:^
3864:^
3847:^
3830:^
3741:^
3727:.
3692:.
3684:.
3674:21
3672:.
3668:.
3635:^
3604:^
3581:^
3550:^
3531:^
3508:^
3493:^
3476:^
3455:^
3440:^
3425:^
3394:^
3361:^
3338:^
3317:^
3292:^
3259:^
3202:.
3194:,
3169:,
3165:,
3161:,
3132:,
3110:,
3100:,
3090:,
2970:,
2964:,
2958:,
2942:"
2871:,
2865:,
2824:,
2820:,
2816:,
2812:,
2781:,
2777:,
2761:,
2663:.
2655:,
2596:,
2571:;
2552:;
2540:,
2325:Hz
2299:,
2276:,
2272:,
1292:.
1272:.
1243:,
988:.
968:.
944:,
913:,
782:.
643:,
542:oʊ
521:,-
494:ɔː
485:ær
448:,
410:?
395:,
376:,
325:,
257::
241::
225::
212::
160:.
116:Pg
60:Ma
8188:)
8028:?
7654:?
7592:?
7370:?
7081:?
6982:?
6857:?
6835:?
6636:?
6563:?
6555:?
6385:?
6374:?
6363:?
6355:?
6347:?
6322:?
6272:?
6236:?
6207:?
6158:?
6143:?
6132:?
6121:?
5894:e
5887:t
5880:v
5829::
5792:"
5779:"
5756:.
5742:"
5723:.
5711::
5694:.
5670::
5662::
5656:9
5639:7
5609:2
5598:.
5578::
5570::
5553:)
5530:.
5516::
5468::
5460::
5454:7
5436:.
5402:.
5360:"
5282:.
5278::
5245:.
5209:.
5189:.
5185::
5153:"
5130:.
5109:.
5087:.
5083::
5075::
5058:.
5023:.
5019::
5011::
4990:"
4983:.
4933:.
4914:.
4894::
4886::
4880:1
4858::
4834:.
4830::
4822::
4801:"
4794:.
4778:"
4774:"
4743:.
4719::
4713:1
4692:.
4688::
4680::
4659:.
4655::
4647::
4622:.
4610::
4589:.
4577::
4569::
4552:.
4523:.
4498:.
4473:.
4469::
4448:.
4422:.
4410::
4402::
4381:.
4362:.
4343:.
4322:.
4310::
4302::
4273:.
4261:.
4249:.
4237:.
4225:.
4213:.
4201:.
4189:.
4177:.
4165:.
4150:.
4127:.
4112:.
4099:.
4075::
4049:.
4037:.
4025:.
4008:.
3996:.
3984:.
3969:.
3954:.
3926:.
3914:.
3902:.
3890:.
3878:.
3859:.
3842:.
3824:.
3803:.
3791:.
3779:.
3767:.
3755:.
3735:.
3700:.
3680::
3651:.
3630:.
3618:.
3599:.
3576:.
3564:.
3545:.
3526:.
3503:.
3488:.
3471:.
3450:.
3435:.
3420:.
3389:.
3356:.
3333:.
3312:.
3287:.
3275:.
3237:.
2938:"
2585:;
2133:-
2129:-
732:/
554:/
551:s
548:ə
545:f
539:l
536:ˈ
533:ə
527:s
524:ˌ
518:s
515:ə
512:f
509:ə
506:l
503:ɒ
500:r
497:ˈ
491:s
488:ə
482:p
479:ˌ
476:/
472:(
458:)
452:(
434:?
403:†
384:†
365:†
342:†
313:†
300:†
287:†
274:†
261:†
245:†
229:†
121:N
111:K
106:J
101:T
96:P
91:C
86:D
81:S
76:O
71:Ꞓ
51:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
