50:
193:
61:
557:
913:, a member of a junior branch of the Habsburgs, was a significant intermediary between the revolutionaries and the imperial court in Vienna. However, after 1848, the palatine was only a symbolic function, but it was only in 1918 â with the end of Habsburgs in the Kingdom of Hungary (the kingdom continued formally until 1945) â that the function ceased officially.
612:" after CsanĂĄd defeated Ajtony. Some historians (including Györffy and GĂĄbor Thoroczkay) say that the text suggests that CsanĂĄd held the office of palatine for some time during Stephen's reign; other historians (for example, Tibor SzĆcs and Tibor AlmĂĄsi) write that the author of the legend borrowed the expression from
1014:
The count palatine shall judge without differentiation all the men of our realm except ecclesiastical persons and clerks, and cases concerning marriage, dowry, and other ecclesiastical matters which appear to belong for whatever reason to ecclesiastical jurisdiction. Cases concerning nobles condemned
962:
was independent of his role as the sovereign's deputy. Around 1100, King
Coloman authorized the palatine to hear appeals against decisions of judges from the counties "if a popular outcry arises against them". Four royal charters show that the palatines, along with other high-ranking royal officials,
641:
from the borderlands to the monarch were entitled to "claim the cost of travel and an equal amount for the return journey" from the palatine. No other primary sources contain direct evidence of the first palatines' economic duties, but other royal officials who were mentioned in 11th-century royal
739:
The first documents issued in a palatine's name is dated to about 1219. Up to that time, the palatines' decisions had not been recorded by their own officials, but by other authorities, especially by cathedral chapters. The earliest references to the palatines' deputies, who were later known as
982:
declared that a palatine had jurisdiction over all inhabitants of
Hungary, although he was only authorized to condemn a nobleman to death or confiscate a nobleman's property if the monarch had consented to it. The same decree was completed with a sentence which confirmed the jurisdiction of
646:
and the stablemen) do not seem to have been responsible for the management of the royal household. Consequently, most historians say that most probably the palatines were the administrators of the royal domains and revenues up until the 1120s. The palatines' jurisdiction over the
736:, or royal judge, after around 1219. Changes in the administration of the royal court and the palatines' office occurred around the same period. Hereafter the highest-ranking royal officials, including the palatine and the royal judge, were styled as "barons".
858:, he also could convene the Diet. From around 1450 he had the right to grant royal property â like the king himself but with certain restrictions. An act of 1485 explicitly stipulated that the palatine shall be the viceregent in the king's absence.
894:) since 1531) comprising also other noble representatives, which became a permanent institution headed by the palatine in 1549. In 1608, the functions of vice-regent and palatine were separated. The Palatine's office was suspended in 1673 when
950:
Initially, the palatines administered justice on the kings' behalf, primarily in the royal court. A decree, attributed to King
Ladislaus I, explicitly forbade the palatine from "send the seal" to anyone "except only to those who are called
853:
of the king, a function which however only became important after 1526. He was allowed to command the royal army and to preside over the Diet of the
Kingdom of Hungary instead of the king. When the king was not of age or if there was an
2104:(Translated and Edited by Jånos M. Bak, György Bónis, James Ross Sweeney with an essay on previous editions by Andor Czizmadia, Second revised edition, In collaboration with Leslie S. Domonkos) (1999). Charles Schlacks, Jr. Publishers.
740:
vicepalatines or the palatines' vicejudges, were also recorded in 1219. From the 1230s, the monarchs occasionally entrusted the palatines, along with other barons of the realm, with specific tasks. For instance, Andrew II sent
674:, King Stephen I declared that the kings should not judge legal cases in person, suggesting that a high-ranking official administered justice on the kings' behalf already in the first half of the
682:, preserved the first reference to the palatines' judiciary function, ordering that a palatine who administer justice to people who fell outside his jurisdiction should pay a fine of "fifty-five
300:
978:
from the jurisdiction of all judges but the king and the palatine, which proves that the palatines had already heard cases on their own right, not only as the monarchs' representatives. The
1068:
in 1220. This practise was obviously unpopular, because the Golden Bull of 1222 explicitly stated that the palatine "shall have no deputy judge except for the one at his own court".
902:, however the office was restored in 1681. The Vice-regency council was abolished in 1673, but renewed in 1723, when the palatine became the official president of the council.
846:
The Diet of the
Kingdom of Hungary of 1455 and 1456 issued the decree "de officio Palatini", which guaranteed the palatine's position as the representative of the king.
690:). The same decree also ruled that the "count of the duke" was to pay the same amount if "he judges others besides his own people", which suggests that the head of the "
293:
553:
was originally responsible for the administration of the royal household, but primary sources do not contain direct reference to the palatines' economic functions.
887:
1130:
1021:
286:
954:
and to those who come to him voluntarily" while he was absent from the royal court. On the other hand, the decree also shows that in the second half of the
476:. If his theory is valid, the palatine was originally the head of the Bulgars in Hungary. Other scholars have not accepted RĂłna-Tas's theory, because the
423:") – was adopted in the 1340s, which shows that the palatines who were still royal officials were also regarded as representatives of the
1137:, the countess accused for killing numerous girls and young women. The position was occupied in the remaining 17th century by members of the families
2452:
963:
occasionally heard disputes between ecclesiastic institutions and royal people as judges, specifically assigned with the task by the monarchs in the
910:
760:
123:
628:" in 1041. According to modern scholars' consensus, Aba, who was Stephen I's brother-in-law or nephew, must have been made palatine by Stephen I.
620:'s same legend preserved the earliest historical event in connection with a palatine – the dethronement of Stephen I's successor,
792:
375:
held similar function as the highest office in the
Kingdom (after the king himself), monarch's representative, commander of the royal army and
17:
942:
in each year. The presence of the palatine at the yearly law-day enabled him to act as a mediator between the sovereign and the noblemen.
1922:
400:
546:
1056:), suggest that the palatine and his deputies administered justice during the same period but in faraway territories: while Palatine
242:
678:. Modern historians agree that the palatine was that high official. A law-book, issued during or shortly before the reign of King
2432:
2413:
2373:
2311:
2170:
2145:
1157:
1149:
2366:
Hungarians and Europe in the Early Middle Ages: An
Introduction to Early Hungarian History (Translated by Nicholas Bodoczky)
724:, but according to a scholarly theory, he heard disputes in the royal court already during the reign of King Coloman's son,
1153:
995:
The count palatine shall judge without differentiation all the men of our realm, but cases concerning nobles condemned to
1145:, Rhedey and others. The last palatines at the end of the 18th and the first half of the 19th century were the Habsburgs
844:
According to the
Article II of Law 1439, the king could appoint the palatine only with the consent of the parliament.
2392:
2354:
2332:
2289:
2270:
2249:
2227:
2208:
2189:
2126:
2095:
1161:
687:
580:, who died in 1038, appointed the first palatine, although no primary source mentioned this office during his reign.
534:
363:). In the early centuries of the kingdom, they were appointed by the king, and later (from 1608) were elected by the
1015:
to capital punishment and loss of possessions shall not be concluded without the king's knowledge by any judge.
826:
716:. He was responsible for the management of the royal household. Authentic royal charters do not prove that the
549:, the "count of the palace" was the monarch's deputy in military affairs. According to a scholarly theory, the
450:("head of the royal court") form actually existed. In Czech and Serbo-Croatian languages, similar expressions (
829:
of several counties, thus being entitled to one third of the county taxes. From the 13th century, his deputy (
670:
572:
set the pattern for the organization of the royal household in
Hungary. Historians also concur that the first
2457:
1111:
895:
796:
380:
202:
2162:
2090:(Edited and translated by LĂĄszlĂł VeszprĂ©my and Frank Schaer with a study by JenĆ SzƱcs) (1999). CEU Press.
1210:
1082:
Important families that provided several palatines were: in the 11th, 12th, 13th and 14th century were the
1077:
906:
31:
1034:
The earliest charters referring to the palatines' deputies mentioned them under several names, including
595:
368:
594:
on the king's behalf around 1005, must have been a palatine, because the villages were situated in many
691:
841:), where he was simultaneously the county leader of the Pest county and judge of the middle nobility.
2117:
Bartl, JĂșlius; ÄiÄaj, Viliam; KohĂștova, MĂĄria; Letz, RĂłbert; SegeĆĄ, VladimĂr; Ć kvarna, DuĆĄan (2002).
939:
600:
257:
161:
870:
seized large parts of the kingdom, the palatine, as the vice-regent (viceroy), had his seat outside
247:
1118:
232:
1220:
971:
212:
1215:
898:
appointed a
Directorium to more directly administer Hungary in the crackdown that followed the
679:
252:
237:
935:
783:
in 1262, Stephen, who adopted the title of "junior king", set up his own royal court and made
1048:
984:
788:
725:
591:
49:
1142:
1138:
1103:
772:
753:
988:
776:
577:
458:) existed, but only as loanwords from Hungarian, in reference to the palatines of Hungary.
424:
1160:, who resigned in 1848. Following Stephen's death in 1867 without issue, his half-brother
1134:
791:, who was crowned king in 1290, often made two influential noblemen palatines. During the
367:
of the Kingdom of Hungary. A Palatine's jurisdiction included only Hungary proper, in the
8:
2237:
1005:
979:
927:
883:
764:
741:
632:
581:
192:
970:
The palatines' own court of justice is documented from the early 13th century. In 1201,
804:
617:
2321:
Petrovics, IstvĂĄn (1994). "nĂĄdor ". In KristĂł, Gyula; Engel, PĂĄl; Makk, Ferenc (eds.).
1126:
996:
899:
745:
518:
420:
348:
318:
276:
184:
73:
41:
2428:
2409:
2388:
2369:
2350:
2328:
2307:
2285:
2266:
2245:
2223:
2204:
2185:
2166:
2141:
2122:
2091:
569:
415:
form became the official version in the 1230s. A new official title –
227:
488:, which is the shortened version of the original title, was first recorded in 1784.
60:
2299:
2138:
Central Europe in the High Middle Ages: Bohemia, Hungary and Poland, c. 900âc. 1300
542:
461:
439:
2157:
A Magyar KirĂĄlysĂĄg nĂĄdora. A nĂĄdori Ă©s helytartĂłi intĂ©zmĂ©ny törtĂ©nete (1342â1562)
1107:
1057:
658:
1200:
931:
767:, who became palatine in 1248, abandoned this practice and mostly heard cases in
728:, which gave rise to the development of the palatines' own court of justice. The
573:
561:
364:
356:
332:
222:
95:
91:
987:(including the clergymen's immunity) in accordance with customary law when King
808:
1195:
1183:
867:
392:
372:
340:
267:
217:
27:
Highest-ranking office in the Kingdom of Hungary from the 11th century to 1848
2446:
1053:
871:
834:
621:
1449:
999:
and loss of possessions shall not be concluded without the king's knowledge.
975:
665:
for the use of the palatine of the realm", but KĂ©za's testimony is suspect.
1989:
1855:
1122:
1083:
1065:
262:
1821:
1819:
1615:
1613:
1611:
784:
2408:(in Hungarian). Magyar Tudomånyos Akadémia Tåmogatott Kutatåsok Irodåja.
2342:
2304:
The Kingdom of Hungary and the Habsburg Monarchy in the Sixteenth Century
1205:
855:
800:
708:
207:
78:
468:. Historian AndrĂĄs RĂłna-Tas says that the title may be connected to the
2121:. Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, Slovenské Pedegogické Nakladatel'stvo.
1816:
1664:
1608:
891:
625:
113:
1099:
1095:
882:. In 1526, the palatine became a life function. In 1527, the palatine
1596:
1164:
inherited the title, though the post by that time was symbolic only.
1091:
815:
768:
649:
613:
435:
866:
After 1526, when the Habsburgs became rulers of the kingdom and the
720:
administered justice on the king's behalf in the royal court in the
616:
which mentioned the "master" of the king's household. Nevertheless,
605:
2136:
Berend, Nora; UrbaĆczyk, PrzemysĆaw; Wiszewski, PrzemysĆaw (2013).
1178:
1146:
653:, or royal serving people, which is documented from the end of the
438:
of the word is uncertain. Most scholars agree that its root is the
352:
137:
2259:
Jankovicsné Tålas, Anikó (2006). "nådor ". In Zaicz, Gåbor (ed.).
1310:
1308:
1306:
838:
637:
590:
Ceba, who was responsible for the transfer of ten villages to the
586:
1173:
850:
530:
469:
464:
and some other 16th-century scholars referred to the palatine as
376:
360:
148:
2201:
The Realm of St Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895â1526
749:
517:
were present in several royal courts of medieval Europe. In the
351:
from the beginning of the 11th century to 1848. Initially,
1303:
1087:
890:(a kind of government, seat in Pozsony (German: Pressburg, now
879:
875:
780:
657:, also validate this theory. The late 13th-century chronicler,
609:
525:
was the monarch's deputy and one of the highest judges in the
1061:
763:, wandering in the whole realm in the 1230s and early 1240s.
661:, stated that it was King Coloman who had "made over his own
556:
2050:
The Laws of the Medieval Kingdom of Hungary, 1000–1301
2038:
The Laws of the Medieval Kingdom of Hungary, 1000–1301
1945:
The Laws of the Medieval Kingdom of Hungary, 1000–1301
1703:
The Laws of the Medieval Kingdom of Hungary, 1000–1301
1560:
The Laws of the Medieval Kingdom of Hungary, 1000–1301
991:
confirmed the Golden Bull on the prelates' demand in 1231.
2427:(in Hungarian). História, MTA Történettudomånyi Intézete.
2184:(in Hungarian). História, MTA Történettudomånyi Intézete.
1412:
1410:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1117:
Prominent palatines have been: in the early 17th century,
568:
Hungarian historians agree that the imperial court of the
1637:
1461:
1397:
1395:
819:
598:, suggesting that he was not the head of one county. The
383:
of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia with Hungary in 1102).
2261:
Etimológiai Szótår: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete
2135:
1995:
1903:
1861:
1825:
1789:
1670:
1619:
1455:
930:
authorized the palatine to represent the monarch at the
541:
was the head of the royal court in 892. In 11th-century
1407:
1380:
1347:
1252:
1250:
1237:
1235:
712:, appeared in the royal court in the first half of the
2116:
2102:
The Laws of the Medieval Kingdom of Hungary, 1000â1301
2062:
2060:
2058:
2006:
2004:
1979:
1977:
1962:
1950:
1806:
1804:
1779:
1777:
1764:
1762:
1749:
1747:
1732:
1681:
1679:
1654:
1652:
1602:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1565:
1541:
1505:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1478:
1476:
1437:
1427:
1425:
1392:
1335:
748:
destroyed mills built without permission on the river
1879:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1625:
1325:
1323:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1926:
1247:
1232:
1046:(in 1221). The same documents, all preserved in the
814:
He was also the judge of the JĂĄszok (Alans), of the
2055:
2016:
2001:
1974:
1891:
1867:
1843:
1831:
1801:
1774:
1759:
1744:
1720:
1708:
1676:
1649:
1577:
1529:
1517:
1488:
1473:
1422:
1368:
484:version. The modern Hungarian version of the title
411:; it was first recorded around 1067. The shortened
2282:Millennium in Central Europe: A History of Hungary
2182:MagyarorszĂĄg vilĂĄgi archontolĂłgiĂĄja, 1301â1457, I
1691:
1320:
1291:
1279:
1262:
480:version seems to have developed from the original
2385:East Central Europe in the Middle Ages, 1000â1500
2258:
1314:
861:
694:" was also entitled to appoint his own palatine.
399:("count of the palace"); it was preserved in the
2444:
430:The original Hungarian version of the title was
2425:MagyarorszĂĄg vilĂĄgi archontolĂłgiĂĄja, 1000â1301
2265:(in Hungarian). TINTA Könyvkiadó. p. 559.
326:
2404:A nĂĄdori intĂ©zmĂ©ny korai törtĂ©nete, 1000â1342
2347:Nobility, Land and Service in Medieval Hungary
2327:(in Hungarian). Akadémiai Kiadó. p. 473.
2323:Korai magyar törtĂ©neti lexikon (9â14. szĂĄzad)
2033:
2031:
697:
608:"the master of the household of the king and
446:, but no documents evidence that the assumed
294:
2298:
793:interregnum that followed Andrew III's death
496:
2217:
1060:heard cases in the lands east of the river
2088:Simon of KĂ©za: The Deeds of the Hungarians
2028:
1644:Simon of KĂ©za: The Deeds of the Hungarians
822:. Title of Palatine is abolished in 1848.
509:High-ranking officials who bore the title
301:
287:
2320:
1362:
434:; it was first recorded around 1405. The
2453:Barons of the realm (Kingdom of Hungary)
2363:
2119:Slovak History: Chronology & Lexicon
1416:
921:
555:
407:came into use in the second half of the
347:) was the highest-ranking office in the
2422:
2279:
2236:
2154:
1885:
1511:
1443:
1256:
958:, the palatine's jurisdiction over the
14:
2445:
2382:
1996:Berend, UrbaĆczyk & Wiszewski 2013
1862:Berend, UrbaĆczyk & Wiszewski 2013
1826:Berend, UrbaĆczyk & Wiszewski 2013
1671:Berend, UrbaĆczyk & Wiszewski 2013
1620:Berend, UrbaĆczyk & Wiszewski 2013
1467:
1456:Berend, UrbaĆczyk & Wiszewski 2013
1241:
1133:. ThurzĂł is the palatine who arrested
1071:
401:deed of foundation of the Tihany Abbey
2401:
2222:(in Hungarian). Maecenas Könyvkiadó.
2198:
2179:
2066:
2022:
2010:
1983:
1968:
1956:
1932:
1909:
1897:
1873:
1849:
1837:
1810:
1795:
1783:
1768:
1753:
1738:
1726:
1714:
1685:
1658:
1590:
1571:
1547:
1535:
1523:
1499:
1482:
1431:
1401:
1386:
1374:
1341:
1329:
1297:
1285:
1273:
945:
560:Aba, the first known Palatine, later
359:, later (from 1723) the vice-regent (
2341:
2109:
1631:
779:divided the country along the river
771:(now Bratislava in Slovakia). After
635:stated that messengers sent by the
529:, according to the contemporaneous
24:
2387:. University of Washington Press.
2080:
25:
2469:
1162:Archduke Joseph August of Austria
974:exempted the "guest settlers" in
799:were styled palatines, including
403:, issued in 1055. A new variant
191:
59:
48:
2244:(in Hungarian). Balassi KiadĂł.
2043:
1938:
1915:
1553:
2284:. Atlantisz Publishing House.
2140:. Cambridge University Press.
934:which was customarily held at
862:Early Modern Times (1485â1608)
345:palatinus regni Hungariae
13:
1:
1921:The laws of 1000 years. Url:
1112:Joseph branch of the Habsburg
699:
604:say that King Stephen I made
502:
498:
18:Palatine (Kingdom of Hungary)
2218:FallenbĂŒchl, ZoltĂĄn (1988).
2163:Hungarian Historical Society
1226:
1211:List of palatines of Hungary
1078:List of palatines of Hungary
916:
907:Hungarian Revolution of 1848
849:From around 1400 he was the
837:(around 1300 temporarily in
355:were representatives of the
32:List of palatines of Hungary
7:
1189:
1167:
1029:
825:From 1200, he was also the
686:" (the equivalent to 2,000
10:
2474:
2220:MagyarorszĂĄg fĆmĂ©ltĂłsĂĄgai
2203:. I.B. Tauris Publishers.
2075:
1090:, in the 15th century the
1075:
1044:viceiudex palatini comitis
1040:vicecomes palatini comitis
491:
29:
2364:RĂłna-Tas, AndrĂĄs (1999).
2155:C. TĂłth, Norbert (2020).
1705:(Ladislaus III:3), p. 18.
1064:, his deputies worked in
706:A new great officer, the
601:Long Life of Saint Gerard
417:palatinus regni Hungariae
258:Master of the doorkeepers
162:Prime Minister of Hungary
157:
129:
119:
109:
101:
87:
72:
56:
47:
38:
2423:Zsoldos, Attila (2011).
2383:Sedlar, Jean W. (1994).
2280:Kontler, LĂĄszlĂł (1999).
1038:(in 1220 and 1221), and
940:feast of King St Stephen
744:on diplomatic missions;
642:charters (including the
386:
248:Master of the cupbearers
1221:Voivode of Transylvania
759:The palatines acted as
472:' old Hungarian exonym
268:IspĂĄn of Pozsony County
213:Voivode of Transylvania
180:Great Officers of State
2242:Istvån kiråly és mƱve
1315:Jankovicsné Tålas 2006
1216:Master of the treasury
1027:
1011:
886:created the Hungarian
680:Ladislaus I of Hungary
565:
395:form of the title was
391:The earliest recorded
344:
336:
327:
322:
253:Master of the stewards
238:Master of the treasury
2402:SzĆcs, Tibor (2014).
1110:, and ultimately the
1076:Further information:
1049:Regestrum Varadinense
1012:
993:
985:ecclesiastical courts
922:Deputy of the monarch
726:Stephen II of Hungary
592:Pannonhalma Archabbey
559:
263:IspĂĄn of Temes County
233:Count of the Székelys
2458:Palatines of Hungary
2052:(1231:9), pp. 33-35.
1947:(Coloman:37), p. 27.
1562:(Coloman:36), p. 27.
1458:, pp. 186, 188.
989:Andrew II of Hungary
888:Vice-regency Council
425:Estates of the realm
2199:Engel, PĂĄl (2001).
2180:Engel, PĂĄl (1996).
1998:, pp. 218â219.
1912:, pp. 125â126.
1864:, pp. 425â426.
1798:, pp. 54, 203.
1646:(ch. 2.96), p. 181.
1470:, pp. 272â273.
1125:, then up to 1616,
1072:Important palatines
1022:Golden Bull of 1231
1006:Golden Bull of 1222
980:Golden Bull of 1222
928:Golden Bull of 1222
742:Denis, son of Ampud
633:Coloman the Learned
448:*nadŃ-dvorjŃ-ĆŸupanŃ
427:from that time on.
315:Palatine of Hungary
243:Master of the horse
175:Part of a series on
1389:, pp. 13, 24.
1344:, pp. 20, 21.
1143:Francis Wesselényi
997:capital punishment
946:Judicial functions
900:Magnate conspiracy
773:BĂ©la IV of Hungary
626:Count Palatine Aba
566:
519:Carolingian Empire
421:Kingdom of Hungary
419:("Palatine of the
369:Kingdom of Croatia
349:Kingdom of Hungary
277:Kingdom of Hungary
185:Kingdom of Hungary
105:early 11th century
42:Kingdom of Hungary
2434:978-963-9627-38-3
2415:978-963-508-697-9
2375:978-963-9116-48-1
2313:978-0-88033-633-8
2172:978-963-416-237-7
2147:978-0-521-78156-5
2110:Secondary sources
1971:, pp. 44â45.
1959:, pp. 34â35.
1741:, pp. 40â44.
1634:, pp. 20â21.
1603:Bartl et al. 2002
1574:, pp. 35â36.
1550:, pp. 26â28.
1404:, pp. 23â24.
1150:Alexander Leopold
1135:Elizabeth BĂĄthory
1094:, afterwards the
1036:vicarius palatini
896:Emperor Leopold I
732:was mentioned as
631:A decree of King
570:Holy Roman Empire
405:(comes palatinus)
311:
310:
170:
169:
166:
153:
142:
83:
16:(Redirected from
2465:
2438:
2419:
2398:
2379:
2360:
2338:
2317:
2295:
2276:
2255:
2233:
2214:
2195:
2176:
2161:(in Hungarian).
2151:
2132:
2070:
2064:
2053:
2047:
2041:
2040:(1222:8), p. 33.
2035:
2026:
2020:
2014:
2008:
1999:
1993:
1987:
1981:
1972:
1966:
1960:
1954:
1948:
1942:
1936:
1930:
1924:
1919:
1913:
1907:
1901:
1895:
1889:
1883:
1877:
1871:
1865:
1859:
1853:
1847:
1841:
1835:
1829:
1823:
1814:
1808:
1799:
1793:
1787:
1781:
1772:
1766:
1757:
1751:
1742:
1736:
1730:
1724:
1718:
1712:
1706:
1700:
1689:
1683:
1674:
1668:
1662:
1656:
1647:
1641:
1635:
1629:
1623:
1617:
1606:
1600:
1594:
1588:
1575:
1569:
1563:
1557:
1551:
1545:
1539:
1533:
1527:
1521:
1515:
1509:
1503:
1497:
1486:
1480:
1471:
1465:
1459:
1453:
1447:
1441:
1435:
1429:
1420:
1414:
1405:
1399:
1390:
1384:
1378:
1372:
1366:
1360:
1345:
1339:
1333:
1327:
1318:
1312:
1301:
1295:
1289:
1283:
1277:
1271:
1260:
1254:
1245:
1239:
1119:Istvån Illéshåzy
1025:
1009:
966:
957:
911:Archduke Stephen
761:itinerant judges
746:Stephen Gutkeled
723:
715:
701:
677:
656:
618:Gerard of CsanĂĄd
539:zuppanus palatii
528:
504:
500:
462:Ludovicus Tubero
410:
330:
303:
296:
289:
195:
172:
171:
164:
145:
134:
124:Archduke Stephen
81:
66:Archduke Stephen
63:
52:
36:
35:
21:
2473:
2472:
2468:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2462:
2443:
2442:
2441:
2435:
2416:
2395:
2376:
2357:
2335:
2314:
2292:
2273:
2252:
2238:Györffy, György
2230:
2211:
2192:
2173:
2148:
2129:
2112:
2107:
2083:
2081:Primary sources
2078:
2073:
2065:
2056:
2048:
2044:
2036:
2029:
2021:
2017:
2009:
2002:
1994:
1990:
1982:
1975:
1967:
1963:
1955:
1951:
1943:
1939:
1931:
1927:
1920:
1916:
1908:
1904:
1896:
1892:
1884:
1880:
1872:
1868:
1860:
1856:
1848:
1844:
1836:
1832:
1824:
1817:
1809:
1802:
1794:
1790:
1782:
1775:
1767:
1760:
1752:
1745:
1737:
1733:
1725:
1721:
1713:
1709:
1701:
1692:
1684:
1677:
1669:
1665:
1657:
1650:
1642:
1638:
1630:
1626:
1618:
1609:
1601:
1597:
1589:
1578:
1570:
1566:
1558:
1554:
1546:
1542:
1534:
1530:
1522:
1518:
1510:
1506:
1498:
1489:
1481:
1474:
1466:
1462:
1454:
1450:
1442:
1438:
1430:
1423:
1415:
1408:
1400:
1393:
1385:
1381:
1373:
1369:
1361:
1348:
1340:
1336:
1328:
1321:
1313:
1304:
1296:
1292:
1284:
1280:
1272:
1263:
1255:
1248:
1240:
1233:
1229:
1201:Ban of Slavonia
1192:
1170:
1080:
1074:
1032:
1026:
1019:
1010:
1003:
964:
955:
948:
924:
919:
909:, the palatine
864:
845:
833:) was based in
721:
713:
704:
675:
654:
574:king of Hungary
562:King of Hungary
526:
511:comes palatinus
507:
494:
442:word for court
408:
389:
371:until 1918 the
307:
223:Ban of Slavonia
183:
181:
143:
96:Diet of Hungary
94:
92:King of Hungary
68:
64:
40:
39:Palatine of the
34:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2471:
2461:
2460:
2455:
2440:
2439:
2433:
2420:
2414:
2399:
2393:
2380:
2374:
2361:
2355:
2339:
2333:
2318:
2312:
2296:
2290:
2277:
2271:
2256:
2250:
2234:
2228:
2215:
2209:
2196:
2190:
2177:
2171:
2152:
2146:
2133:
2127:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2099:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2054:
2042:
2027:
2015:
2000:
1988:
1973:
1961:
1949:
1937:
1935:, p. 181.
1925:
1914:
1902:
1890:
1878:
1866:
1854:
1842:
1830:
1828:, p. 219.
1815:
1800:
1788:
1773:
1758:
1743:
1731:
1719:
1707:
1690:
1675:
1673:, p. 218.
1663:
1648:
1636:
1624:
1622:, p. 194.
1607:
1605:, p. 282.
1595:
1576:
1564:
1552:
1540:
1528:
1516:
1514:, p. 241.
1504:
1487:
1472:
1460:
1448:
1446:, p. 246.
1436:
1421:
1419:, p. 115.
1406:
1391:
1379:
1367:
1365:, p. 473.
1363:Petrovics 1994
1346:
1334:
1319:
1317:, p. 559.
1302:
1290:
1278:
1261:
1246:
1244:, p. 272.
1230:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1196:Ban of Croatia
1191:
1188:
1187:
1186:
1184:Count palatine
1181:
1176:
1169:
1166:
1131:JĂĄnos ZakmĂĄrdi
1073:
1070:
1031:
1028:
1017:
1001:
947:
944:
936:Székesfehérvår
932:great assembly
923:
920:
918:
915:
884:IstvĂĄn BĂĄthory
863:
860:
787:his palatine.
730:curialis comes
718:curialis comes
709:curialis comes
703:
696:
584:says that one
582:György Györffy
564:(r. 1041â1044)
506:
495:
493:
490:
393:Medieval Latin
388:
385:
309:
308:
306:
305:
298:
291:
283:
280:
279:
273:
272:
271:
270:
265:
260:
255:
250:
245:
240:
235:
230:
228:Ban of Severin
225:
220:
218:Ban of Croatia
215:
210:
205:
197:
196:
188:
187:
177:
176:
168:
167:
159:
155:
154:
131:
127:
126:
121:
117:
116:
111:
107:
106:
103:
99:
98:
89:
85:
84:
76:
70:
69:
58:
57:
54:
53:
45:
44:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2470:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2436:
2430:
2426:
2421:
2417:
2411:
2407:
2405:
2400:
2396:
2394:0-295-97290-4
2390:
2386:
2381:
2377:
2371:
2368:. CEU Press.
2367:
2362:
2358:
2356:0-333-80085-0
2352:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2334:963-05-6722-9
2330:
2326:
2324:
2319:
2315:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2291:963-9165-37-9
2287:
2283:
2278:
2274:
2272:963-7094-01-6
2268:
2264:
2262:
2257:
2253:
2251:963-506-382-2
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2229:963-02-5536-7
2225:
2221:
2216:
2212:
2210:1-86064-061-3
2206:
2202:
2197:
2193:
2191:963-8312-44-0
2187:
2183:
2178:
2174:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2158:
2153:
2149:
2143:
2139:
2134:
2130:
2128:0-86516-444-4
2124:
2120:
2115:
2114:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2096:963-9116-31-9
2093:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2069:, p. 56.
2068:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2051:
2046:
2039:
2034:
2032:
2025:, p. 96.
2024:
2019:
2013:, p. 51.
2012:
2007:
2005:
1997:
1992:
1986:, p. 46.
1985:
1980:
1978:
1970:
1965:
1958:
1953:
1946:
1941:
1934:
1929:
1923:
1918:
1911:
1906:
1900:, p. 95.
1899:
1894:
1888:, p. 84.
1887:
1882:
1876:, p. 75.
1875:
1870:
1863:
1858:
1852:, p. 67.
1851:
1846:
1840:, p. 57.
1839:
1834:
1827:
1822:
1820:
1813:, p. 69.
1812:
1807:
1805:
1797:
1792:
1786:, p. 54.
1785:
1780:
1778:
1771:, p. 92.
1770:
1765:
1763:
1756:, p. 48.
1755:
1750:
1748:
1740:
1735:
1729:, p. 74.
1728:
1723:
1717:, p. 62.
1716:
1711:
1704:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1688:, p. 34.
1687:
1682:
1680:
1672:
1667:
1661:, p. 35.
1660:
1655:
1653:
1645:
1640:
1633:
1628:
1621:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1604:
1599:
1593:, p. 37.
1592:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1573:
1568:
1561:
1556:
1549:
1544:
1538:, p. 41.
1537:
1532:
1526:, p. 28.
1525:
1520:
1513:
1508:
1502:, p. 26.
1501:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1485:, p. 36.
1484:
1479:
1477:
1469:
1464:
1457:
1452:
1445:
1440:
1434:, p. 25.
1433:
1428:
1426:
1418:
1417:RĂłna-Tas 1999
1413:
1411:
1403:
1398:
1396:
1388:
1383:
1377:, p. 22.
1376:
1371:
1364:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1343:
1338:
1332:, p. 13.
1331:
1326:
1324:
1316:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1300:, p. 18.
1299:
1294:
1288:, p. 15.
1287:
1282:
1276:, p. 14.
1275:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1259:, p. 15.
1258:
1253:
1251:
1243:
1238:
1236:
1231:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1127:György Thurzó
1124:
1120:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1079:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1058:Nicholas SzĂĄk
1055:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1024:
1023:
1016:
1008:
1007:
1000:
998:
992:
990:
986:
981:
977:
973:
968:
961:
953:
943:
941:
937:
933:
929:
914:
912:
908:
903:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
878:and later in
877:
873:
872:Royal Hungary
869:
859:
857:
852:
847:
842:
840:
836:
832:
831:vicepalatinus
828:
823:
821:
817:
812:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
775:and his son,
774:
770:
766:
762:
757:
755:
751:
747:
743:
737:
735:
731:
727:
719:
711:
710:
698:Middle Ages (
695:
693:
689:
685:
681:
673:
672:
666:
664:
660:
659:Simon of KĂ©za
652:
651:
645:
640:
639:
634:
629:
627:
623:
622:Peter Orseolo
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
602:
597:
593:
589:
588:
583:
579:
575:
571:
563:
558:
554:
552:
551:comes palatii
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
524:
523:comes palatii
520:
516:
515:comes palatii
512:
489:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
428:
426:
422:
418:
414:
406:
402:
398:
397:comes palatii
394:
384:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
337:Landespalatin
334:
329:
324:
320:
316:
304:
299:
297:
292:
290:
285:
284:
282:
281:
278:
275:
274:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
200:
199:
198:
194:
190:
189:
186:
179:
178:
174:
173:
163:
160:
156:
151:
150:
140:
139:
132:
128:
125:
122:
118:
115:
112:
108:
104:
100:
97:
93:
90:
86:
80:
77:
75:
71:
67:
62:
55:
51:
46:
43:
37:
33:
19:
2424:
2406:
2403:
2384:
2365:
2349:. Palgrave.
2346:
2343:Rady, Martyn
2325:
2322:
2303:
2300:PĂĄlffy, GĂ©za
2281:
2263:
2260:
2241:
2219:
2200:
2181:
2159:
2156:
2137:
2118:
2101:
2087:
2049:
2045:
2037:
2018:
1991:
1964:
1952:
1944:
1940:
1928:
1917:
1905:
1893:
1886:Kontler 1999
1881:
1869:
1857:
1845:
1833:
1791:
1734:
1722:
1710:
1702:
1666:
1643:
1639:
1627:
1598:
1567:
1559:
1555:
1543:
1531:
1519:
1512:Györffy 2000
1507:
1463:
1451:
1444:Györffy 2000
1439:
1382:
1370:
1337:
1293:
1281:
1257:Zsoldos 2011
1156:and his son
1116:
1084:Aba (family)
1081:
1066:Transdanubia
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1033:
1020:
1013:
1004:
994:
969:
965:12th century
959:
956:11th century
952:
949:
925:
904:
865:
848:
843:
830:
824:
813:
809:Stephen Ăkos
805:Matthew CsĂĄk
765:Roland RĂĄtĂłt
758:
738:
733:
729:
722:12th century
717:
714:12th century
707:
705:
683:
676:11th century
669:
667:
662:
655:11th century
648:
643:
636:
630:
599:
585:
567:
550:
538:
522:
514:
510:
508:
485:
481:
477:
473:
465:
460:
455:
451:
447:
443:
431:
429:
416:
412:
409:11th century
404:
396:
390:
314:
312:
165:(since 1867)
147:
136:
120:Final holder
110:First holder
65:
2306:. Boulder.
1468:Sedlar 1994
1242:Sedlar 1994
1206:Judge royal
1054:Maurice Pok
1052:(including
972:King Emeric
905:During the
856:interregnum
818:and of the
801:Amadeus Aba
756:'s orders.
734:iudex curie
671:Admonitions
527:9th century
478:nĂĄndorispĂĄn
466:nĂĄndorispĂĄn
379:(after the
208:Judge royal
82:(1784â1848)
79:Buda Castle
2447:Categories
2067:SzĆcs 2014
2023:Engel 2001
2011:SzĆcs 2014
1984:SzĆcs 2014
1969:SzĆcs 2014
1957:SzĆcs 2014
1933:SzĆcs 2014
1910:Engel 2001
1898:SzĆcs 2014
1874:SzĆcs 2014
1850:SzĆcs 2014
1838:SzĆcs 2014
1811:SzĆcs 2014
1796:SzĆcs 2014
1784:SzĆcs 2014
1769:Engel 2001
1754:SzĆcs 2014
1739:SzĆcs 2014
1727:SzĆcs 2014
1715:Engel 2001
1686:SzĆcs 2014
1659:SzĆcs 2014
1591:SzĆcs 2014
1572:SzĆcs 2014
1548:SzĆcs 2014
1536:Engel 2001
1524:SzĆcs 2014
1500:SzĆcs 2014
1483:SzĆcs 2014
1432:SzĆcs 2014
1402:SzĆcs 2014
1387:SzĆcs 2014
1375:SzĆcs 2014
1342:SzĆcs 2014
1330:SzĆcs 2014
1298:SzĆcs 2014
1286:SzĆcs 2014
1274:SzĆcs 2014
1141:, PĂĄlffy,
976:SĂĄrospatak
892:Bratislava
851:viceregent
789:Andrew III
702:1100â1485)
482:nĂĄdorispĂĄn
432:nĂĄdorispĂĄn
328:nĂĄdorispĂĄn
158:Succession
114:Samuel Aba
30:See also:
1632:Rady 2000
1227:Footnotes
1147:Archdukes
1139:EsterhĂĄzy
1104:EsterhĂĄzy
960:udvornici
917:Functions
816:Cumanians
797:oligarchs
785:Denis PĂ©c
769:Pressburg
663:udvornici
650:udvornici
614:Psalm 105
578:Stephen I
497:Origins (
452:nĂĄderĆĄpan
436:etymology
413:palatinus
353:Palatines
319:Hungarian
130:Abolished
102:Formation
88:Appointer
74:Residence
2345:(2000).
2302:(2009).
2240:(2000).
1190:See also
1179:Palatine
1168:Contrast
1123:Trencsén
1098:and the
1030:Deputies
1018:â
1002:â
839:Old Buda
596:counties
474:(nĂĄndor)
456:nadrĆĄpan
444:(dvorjŃ)
357:monarchs
325:or
203:Palatine
138:de facto
2076:Sources
1174:Paladin
1158:Stephen
1100:ZĂĄpolya
1096:BĂĄthory
938:on the
795:, many
777:Stephen
754:BĂ©la IV
668:In his
545:and in
543:Bohemia
535:Croatia
531:Hincmar
492:History
486:(nĂĄdor)
470:Bulgars
377:viceroy
361:viceroy
339:,
149:de jure
2431:
2412:
2391:
2372:
2353:
2331:
2310:
2288:
2269:
2248:
2226:
2207:
2188:
2169:
2144:
2125:
2094:
1154:Joseph
1108:PĂĄlffy
1088:Lackfi
880:Vienna
876:Prague
781:Danube
684:pensae
644:ispĂĄns
638:ispĂĄns
610:Ajtony
606:CsanĂĄd
547:Poland
537:, the
521:, the
440:Slavic
333:German
182:in the
1092:Garay
1062:Tisza
868:Turks
827:comes
692:duchy
688:pence
587:Comes
533:. In
505:1100)
501:1000â
387:Title
381:union
341:Latin
323:nĂĄdor
144:1918
133:1848
2429:ISBN
2410:ISBN
2389:ISBN
2370:ISBN
2351:ISBN
2329:ISBN
2308:ISBN
2286:ISBN
2267:ISBN
2246:ISBN
2224:ISBN
2205:ISBN
2186:ISBN
2167:ISBN
2142:ISBN
2123:ISBN
2092:ISBN
1129:and
1042:and
926:The
835:Pest
820:Jews
807:and
750:RĂĄba
624:by "
454:and
365:Diet
313:The
1121:of
874:in
752:on
513:or
373:ban
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2165:.
2057:^
2030:^
2003:^
1976:^
1818:^
1803:^
1776:^
1761:^
1746:^
1693:^
1678:^
1651:^
1610:^
1579:^
1490:^
1475:^
1424:^
1409:^
1394:^
1349:^
1322:^
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1264:^
1249:^
1234:^
1152:,
1114:.
1106:,
1102:,
1086:,
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700:c.
576:,
503:c.
499:c.
343::
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331:,
321::
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135:(
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