Palatinate Forest - Knowledge

1122: 1525:) was founded as a support organization. The members of the association are those counties and independent towns whose territories are covered by the nature park as well as the Palatinate regional association, various rambling and sports clubs and environmental organizations. Many social organisations are involved in the work of the nature park, ensuring the independence of academic and regional individual interests. The association's goal is to develop the nature park and its eponymous biosphere reserve equally and to maintain its uniqueness and beauty as well as its national recreational value. Since 1997, the head office of the association has been in 214: 4014: 1552: 4526: 139: 2058: 1371: 682: 536: 612: 5268: 624: 1811: 3378: 1471: 786: 722: 1704: 668: 1285: 483: 4095: 61: 708: 5143: 1865: 593: 7244: 2255: 4993: 3725: 3198: 520: 4388: 6489: 4935: 4716: 4221: 1960: 1051: 400: 4769: 5563: 5549: 2029: 1797:(2.8 to 0.01 million years ago) erosion processes once more dominated. In particular, it was the weathering and removal processes that occurred during the various cold and warm periods that determined the final topographical shape of the Palatinate Forest. Characteristic of this is a system of deeply incised valleys, especially in the north and centre, diverse mountain shapes and bizarre rock formations. 577: 4510: 5421: 5132: 501: 5346: 5404:) have developed almost identical waymarking systems since their foundation over 100 years (e. g. dots, bars, crosses and diamonds of different colours) and in the border region have developed a dense common network of footpaths. In doing so, both clubs have been careful to ensure that, where possible, the routes do not follow "forest motorways" but use narrow footpaths and mountain paths. 4002:, where, as well as the plateaus of the central Palatinate Forest, it prefers sunnier slopes (west to south-east facing slopes). But in the rest of Palatinate Forest, it is on the increase and usually forms, together with beech, often very natural, primeval, mixed forest (natural forest), which enjoys special protection as a core zone of the Palatine Forest-North Vosges Biosphere Reserve (see 3265: 2130: 5493:. On the Kirschfelsen ("Cherry Rock", near Annweiler Forsthaus) seating has been installed from which the visitor can enjoy a "natural opera" as if in an open-air theatre. The Buhlsteine rocks near Busenberg have an alpine feel, as does the Hühnerstein near Hauenstein, which has been made accessible with ladders and railings and may be climbed with appropriate care. 5061:) or POLLICHIA Museum in Bad Dürkheim, has various permanent exhibitions and collections on the subjects of geology, flora and fauna of the Palatinate (e. g. animals of the forest, local mushrooms, minerals etc.) and other special conservation themes, with ecological considerations as a priority. In this connexion the visitor is also introduced to the 5080:, because of its broader scope, does not cover the region of today's Palatinate Forest as a separate exhibition topic; nevertheless the specific Palatine focus of the museum means almost inevitably that there are historical links through which the political and socio-historic changes of the mountain region are illustrated time and again. Examples are the 5960: 3806:, in which coniferous trees formed around two-thirds of the total stock in areas that had historically comprised mainly oak and beech. Not until recent decades were there increasing attempts to turn larger areas of the forest into near-natural mixed woodland with a better ratio of deciduous to coniferous trees of around 50% (see adjacent table). 2078:, 661.8 m) whilst, in the western part of the range, plateau-like hill formations with clearings predominate. In the southeastern Palatinate Forest, by contrast, the sediments of the Rotliegendes and Zechstein (erosion surfaces), and especially resistant Trifels and Rehberg beds (conical hills) influence the appearance of the countryside. 5107:. In April 2008, an interactive museum was founded in the building of the old Rheinberger shoe factory. Under the theme of "movement", 150 interactive experimental stations demonstrate fundamental physical, mathematical and biological laws. The museum is particularly aimed at younger visitors to help make them aware of scientific principles. 1575:. It thus became the 12th of (as at 2009) 15 German biosphere reserves. These are areas that have a special significance for the global conservation of biological diversity and in which the ecological aspects, sustainable economic management, environmental education and environmental research are best linked together. 1616:) also covered in the law are intended to ensure a "recreation in the stillness", but are not part of the UNESCO guidelines for biosphere reserves. The concept originates rather from the old protected area regulation for the Palatinate Forest Nature Park (1984) and therefore overlaps with the other three zones. 1488:, the Palatinate Forest was to be a place of recreation and exercise for the stressed office workers of the cities in the Rhine valley which were then suffering badly from air pollution. The nature park expansion programme envisaged 95 car parks, 13 camp sites, seven observation towers and five open-air pools. 2017:

Weathering and erosion of the different rock strata of the Palatine Forest with their variable hardness have resulted in a low mountain landscape with a dense, deeply incised system of valleys and wide variety of hill shapes. The hard and resistant rocks of the Lower and Middle Bunter have produced a

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also plays a special role in this context. Although, it only covers about 1 percent in the Palatinate Forest as a whole, it is much more common in the south where it comprises some 7 percent of the woodland. It occurs in many stands alongside beech, pine and other species in mixed woodland and often

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This ecological balance was permanently destroyed, however, by the colonization and clearing of woodland that took place during the Middle Ages. Clearance by burning, the use of land for the production of straw and the unrestricted exploitation of the forest for raw materials and fuel led, little by

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in Hauenstein documents the manufacture of shoes, in earlier times a very common activity in the Pirmasens area, and set it within the larger industrial and socio-historical context. In the building of a former shoe factory, old shoe-making machinery and other manufacturing technology may be viewed

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on the Brechenberg near Eppenbrunn in the southwestern corner of the Palatine Forest near the Franco-German border. This is a roughly two kilometre long rock terrace, the largest of its kind in the forest and on which there is clear evidence of the erosion and weathering processes typical of bunter

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pressingly urgent – management that not only put a priority on controlled exploitation, but above all on care and sustainability. So in the 18th and 19th centuries, cleared land was reforested, mainly with undemanding, rapid-growing pines, which were followed in the 19th century by other non-native

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In fact, 62 woodland car parks were created in the first seven years as well as 530 benches and as many waste bins. A total of 370 km of walking routes were added or created and 45 signed circular walks laid out. The management of the nature park took over the Palatinate Forest Club (PWV). The

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or PWV) was founded, Fritz Claus, one of the pioneers of the PWV, in particular, strove to promote the name. A more precise, scientifically based definition of the Palatinate Forest as an independent natural region was introduced in 1911 by Daniel Häberle, a Palatine geographer and local historian.

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continues to be a dominant species of the low mountain range. This is due to the historical background, especially in the Haardt area, where they once heavily dominated the scene with 60 to 70 percent share of the forest. It is traditionally planted on dry, sunny, south-facing slopes. Like oak and

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A typical feature of the Palatinate Forest is its abundance of water, that has led to a highly developed system of streams, rivers and wetlands (see below). The sandy soils caused by erosion are very very permeable to water, so that rainwater quickly seeps into the ground and is then stored in the

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Whereas the Palatinate Forest was earlier seen mainly as a source of raw materials and energy supply, today, in addition to its recreation and leisure function, its ecological importance as a "special protected landscape" has come to the forefront. This change in attitude found visible expression,

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Whilst there are traces of human activities in the more habitable regions of what is now the Palatinate, taking place since the Neolithic period (5,500-4,500 BC), and especially in Celtic (800 to 10 BC) and Roman (10 BC to 450 AD) times, the mountains on the west bank of the Rhine were practically

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The mountain range is criss-crossed by a dense network of signed trails, over 12,000 kilometres in overall length, most of which were established by volunteers of the Palatine Forest Club, who continue to maintain them. These include several important international and national long-distance

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By contrast, spruce, Douglas fir, larch, and Weymouth pine are not native to the forested mountain range. Spruce prefer cool, shady locations and are therefore often found in valleys, hollows and on the lower slopes of hills, while the Douglas fir is found in widely differing locations due to its

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The biosphere reserve has three information centres with different emphases, in which the visitor can learn about the geology, climate, fauna and flora, history and culture of the bunter sandstone mountains with the aid of exhibitions as well as events of all kinds. Ecological considerations are

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In 2007, the state of Rhineland–Palatinate issued an ordinance by which the UNESCO guidelines for the design of biosphere reserves would be implemented specifically for the Palatinate Forest Nature Park. This laid down a zoning scheme as its main focus, which envisaged three zones with different

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Prior to 1850, there was no overall name for the Palatine's bunter sandstone mountains Historical territorial factors, rather than geographical ones, governed perceptions at the time. By contrast, the Celts and Romans viewed the entire mountain range west of the Rhine as a single unit, making no

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being German for "coloured") – and, depending on the type and binding of the material, (clay-bound sandstone as opposed to silicified quartz sandstone) to the formation of rock layers of different hardness. This resulted in the subgroups of lower, middle and upper bunter sandstone. These bunter

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Rhineland-Palatinate State Survey Department, 1:25,000 topographic map series with footpaths, and 1:50,000 topographic map series with footpaths and cycle paths between the Rhine and Palatine Forest – official walking and cycling maps by the Palatine Forest Club showing all footpaths and cycle

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range), it is widely distributed on the acidic environment of the bunter sandstone soils and prefers shady slopes, high elevations and hollows. Often it forms varied mixed stands of trees together with softwoods, especially pine, but it is also found as stands in its own right (in so-called

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In the mid-1960s, the PWV came to the conclusion that the work required could not be done by volunteers and handed the management of the nature park to the Palatinate provincial government. By 1974, 3.7 million euros had been spent on improving recreational opportunities.

5452:, the Rehberg and its tower near Annweiler and the Stäffelsberg Tower near Dörrenbach. The summit pyramid of the Rehberg is especially well known for its panoramic views (see the image in the section above). Representative of the central Palatine Forest are the tower on the 5122:

above Leinsweiler. A particularly good overview of the rocks and rock castles of Palatine and Alsace Wasgau is conveyed by the "impressions" of artist, Emil Knöringer, who seeks to emphasise the richness of the red sandstone landscapes through the medium of art.

3366:, which only have tributaries within a small area. The majority of small streams that drain the Forest directly into the Rhine Plain flow over extensive ditch systems to the nearest river to the north. For example, the Speyerbach picks up the waters of the 1891:, so that they weather into sandy soils, poor in nutrients that are scarcely used for agricultural purposes. In all there are three subdivisions – the Trifels, Rehberg and Schlossberg beds – in which several rock zones of differing thickness are combined. 4500:

Although the Palatinate Forest is still sparsely populated and has many unspoilt regions, it still has a rich, regional, historical and cultural heritage, that is reflected in a great number of sights of which only a small selection can be covered here.

1029:), there has been an increasing trend to regard the entire mountain complex as a single geographical entity again. Evidence of this changed attitude can be seen, for example, in the establishment in 1998 of the first cross-border biosphere reserve, the 1670:, i.e. from the Lower to the beginning of the Middle Triassic, there was (about 251–243 million years ago) a desert-like climate, so that as a result of further depositions of sand, rock layers of up to 500 metres thickness were formed. This led 337:

To the west of the Großer Hausberg, the Westrich Plateau separates from the Palatinate Forest at the sharp southern boundary of the Landstuhler Bruch in a comparatively smooth transition. It reaches comparable heights in the transition area, but as a

2028: 1025:("Palatinate Forest") became increasingly used to refer to the Palatine part. This led to the Palatinate Forest and Vosges being defined as separate and distinct landscapes. However, in recent decades, in the context of European integration (the 5172:), which has been worked by historic steam trains since 1984 and operates services from March to October at weekends between Neustadt and Elmstein. In addition, there is a good overview of nearly 150 years of Palatine railway history at the 5037:), in which the visitor can learn, in ways similar to those at the German centres, about the natural world of the Vosges sandstone mountains; in addition, there is also an emphasis on the social and cultural aspects of the region. 1737:

and crust. At the apex of the arch so formed, there were considerable tensile stresses, so that the rock layers were stretched and about 35 million years ago, deep cracks and depressions in the Earth's crust occurred (passive

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Core, buffer and transition zones are representatively distributed over the area of the biosphere reserve. As part of this, some 16 core zones were defined, together covering about 2.3 percent of the area. The source region of the

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not only informs visitors about the multi-faceted, detail of the history, architecture and life in a medieval castle, but also gives a comprehensive overview of the other rock castles in the present-day border region with France.

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Since the beginning of the last century, the Palatine Forest has developed into a very popular walking region, thanks to its natural landscape attractions, its cultural heritage and good infrastructure, primarily created by the

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In the bunter sandstone mountains a wide variety of hill shapes may be observed, depending on the various rock strata of which they are composed. Typical of the northern and central Palatinate Forest are prominent hill "blocks"

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Thanks to the sparse population of the forest and the filter action of bunter sandstone, many springs and streams in the hills have retained their natural water quality, so that they remain healthy habitats for many species of

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Only a small selection can be mentioned here of the many museums with a direct link to the Palatine Forest that may be found in the Palatinate alone (see detailed coverage by the Rhineland-Palatinate Museum Association,

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visitors can join a guided tour of important mining activities and so witness the extremely tough working conditions of past centuries. This insight may then be enhanced in the Information Centre of the visitor mine.

2266:). Here larger erosion surfaces and rather isolated hillforms (conical hills), which on average reach heights of 450 metres, characterize the landscape. The highest points on the German side of the Wasgau are the 140: 342:

plateau it has a significantly different relief and is no longer fully forested. It not only stretches around the western edge of the Palatinate Forest, but also further south around the Vosges. From the area of

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near Hermersbergerhof, which offers the most extensive panoramic view of the Palatine Forest by far. According to precise geometric research by Lang over 350 hill and mountain tops may be seen from this point.

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is the centre point of the Palatine Forest and used to be a spa. The 200‑ to 300‑year‑old oak and beech mixed woods, which surround the little hamlet and give it an autochthonous character, are renowned (see

1172:(1148), the colonization and development of the mountains. Areas that could be used for agriculture were cleared and settled permanently. This development reached its peak in the region during the era of the 4921:, certain rock terraces may also be reached on foot (e. g. the Buhlsteine, Heidenpfeiler and Rötzenstein) or with the aid of ladders provided care is taken (e. g. the Hühnerstein near Hauenstein). 3256:. Since the sandstone is very low in minerals and the groundwater, therefore, only has only low levels of dissolved contents, the water is in the low hardness range ("soft") and is slightly acidic (low pH). 1661:

geological period (about 296–251 million years ago) the first sandstone formations, some 100 metres thick, were deposited in the area of today's Palatinate Forest; in particular, the rock units of the

1260:, which needed a lot of wood, led for centuries to the overuse and destruction of the forest and thus to the further impoverishment of the population. Occupations that the forest itself supported, such as 265:. This landscape forms, in turn, the eastern part of the very extensive eastern scarplands of France, which, on German soil, take in large parts of the Palatinate and the Saarland, with older (e.g. on the 3772:

mixed woods, typical of the current period, emerged, the pines being forced back into those areas that were either less favourable, very wet or very dry places, but remained part of the natural woodland.

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may often be seen in the sands of the bunter sandstone (Rehberg beds). Their larvae build funnel traps in the sand and feed on ants and other animals that fall into it using their pincer-like mandibles.

4796:). They have long been managed sustainably, following sustainability principles and are especially well known for their valuable stands of furniture-quality oak. It is therefore not surprising that the 2184:

rather resembles a plateau bounded by deeply incised valleys. This plateau also runs towards the west at a height of about 500 m before descending gradually to 400 m. It is bisected by the

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Securely protected sites for conserving biological diversity where there is a "least possible influence on the course of natural processes", i.e. complete protection of typical ecosystems is ensured.

1330:). This development, however, meant that the resources of the mountains were rapidly exhausted and over-population and poverty, in particular in the 19th century, led to increased emigration to the 3962:

The beech is not only the most abundant tree species in the Palatinate Forest historically, but also today, with a current share of 35 percent. With the exception of the eastern mountain edge (the

3248:"). This groundwater feeds into various rock zones, especially in the Trifels beds of the Lower Bunter and in a rock zone of the Karlstal beds (Middle Bunter). Beds of clay-bonded sandstone form 2022:

characterize the landscape, especially in the north and east, whilst the southeastern part of the Palatinate Forest is dominated by rather isolated types of hill separated by erosion surfaces.

747: 5372:) long-distance path (waymark: red cross). These main walking routes are complemented by a multitude of regional footpaths of varying length (both linear and circular trails), which include 5092:), the wine museum with its cultural history of wine and the family-friendly, hands-on exhibition of Drachenfels Castle, in which life on a medieval rock fortress in Wasgau can be relived. 3971:-beech woods), particularly in the central Palatinate Forest. Here it grows in large "beech cathedrals", which are seen by many visitors as an impressive feature of the Palatinate Forest. 3716:

Woodland is the dominant landscape element of the Palatine Forest as its name suggests, making up 82 percent of its total area and as much as 90 percent in the central region.

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religious refugees from Switzerland, France and the Netherlands. From then to the end of the 18th century, the population expanded as a result of the better design of farms (such as the

2321: 5033:(German: Lützelstein) in a castle-like building, which was built on the ruins of Luetzelstein Castle, is the administrative centre of the regional nature park of North Vosges (French: 782:

The most important subordinate landscapes are listed with the aid of a map; the map only showing the names of well-known landscapes and only the more significant landscape boundaries.

3209:, with narrow floors and steep sides, cutting deeply into the bedrock. They are the typical valley forms in the central Palatinate Forest, whilst in the southern and northern parts, 1420:

of the last few decades have caused further structural problems, especially affecting remote communities in sparsely populated areas through population decline, aging and migration.

1354:) brought some improvement in the situation, because it became possible to commute to towns outside the Palatinate Forest and seek employment in one of the emerging industries (e.g. 285:

While the boundaries of the Palatinate Forest are comparatively clearly defined to the north and east, the transition to neighbouring landscapes to the west and south is less sharp.

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form the bedrock of the Palatinate Forest today, but they are generally covered by younger rock formations, cropping out only in a few places on the eastern edge of the mountains.

304:. This results in a clear geomorphological separation of the two landscape areas, which runs approximately along a line from Eisenberg via Göllheim and Börrstadt to Otterberg near 6408: 4918: 764:

ridge. This often goes unrecognized as a result of the French border; hence the French southern part of the natural region is often, wrongly, counted as part of the North Vosges.

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runs up to the northwestern Palatinate Forest from west-southwest to east-northeast into which the Forest descends in a clear escarpment, especially into the boggy lowland of the

2876: 2556: 2632: 1853:) as well as in the southeast. The southern Palatinate sandstone formations of the Zechstein are divided into four strata having a total thickness of about 80 to 100 metres. 1484:

The Palatinate Forest Nature Park was created in 1958 as the third nature park in Germany. In accordance with the requirements of the originator of the nature park concept,

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By contrast local industries in the mountains became rarer or were closed, as can be seen in the example of the footwear industry. Since its heyday in the 1950s and 1960s,

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The Lower Bunter is the typical rock of the Palatine Forest and covers large areas of the low mountain range to a depth of 280 to 380 metres. The sandstones contain much

3661:. The reddish iron oxide was released by hot fluids that rose up through the fault zone between the Palatine Forest and the Rhine Graben, and so bleached the sandstone. 1401:(e.g. public transport), and, in many cases, the villagers now no longer worked locally, but in more distant regional centres, such as Ludwigshafen and Kaiserslautern. 2588: 5525:

near Vorderweidenthal, enable the variety of the Palatine bunter sandstone hills to be experienced. A 360° panorama of the German and French Wasgau is offered by the

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has seen the relocation of shoe production abroad, resulting in the almost total collapse of the industry, reinforced especially in the 1980s and 1990s by increasing

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continued, for a long time, to refer to the entire range on the west bank of the Rhine, at the beginning of the 20th century, it gradually became restricted to the

2912: 2579: 3622:(see map). It follows various ridges that are interconnected and separate the river system of the Schwarzbach from all the other drainage systems mentioned here. 2645: 7325: 6382: 6162: 5627: 5207: 4842:), which not only give visitors a good insight into the geology of the region, but also the surprising adaptability of sandstone rock vegetation, especially the 4074:

was not originally an indigenous tree species, but was naturalized by the Romans in the area of the present-day Palatinate. Since it prefers a mild climate (see

5610: 3695:. This was followed, during a second phase, by more magma rising to the surface in a less active and effusive (non-explosive) form, so that, in the pipe of the 1594:

The buffer zones are used for "ecologically sound farming practices" that conserve landscape character. They are intended to complement and link the core areas.

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The following river systems drain the Palatine Forest. They are listed in clockwise direction, beginning in the west (in brackets the overall catchment area):

1216:), as a result of wars and economic circumstances. Thus, during the colonization of the mountains, areas were often cleared that, because of the nutrient-poor 5191:

Interesting insights into the sorts of old trades and crafts that used to be found in the Palatinate Forest, are provided by several museums, including the

4423:, of which there are several species in the region. The Wasgau and the area of the Hermersberger Hof are two of the few places in Germany where colonies of 681: 6716: 3171: 2661: 2299: 6849: 6355: 4042:

in the French part of the biosphere reserve "relict" pine forests have survived, in which the character of the original pine forest can be vividly seen.

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Over the millennia, the weathering and erosion of the sandstone, with its varying degrees of hardness, have produced bizarre rock formations, e. g.

772: 5977: 5672: 5203:; this uses a variety of exhibits to illustrate the industrial and social development that has taken over the past few centuries in the Ramberg valley. 994:

and is recorded in many Roman manuscripts as "silva vosegus" or "mons vosegus". It was from this linguistic root that, during the Middle Ages, the name

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The Annweiler Felsenland is, according to a proposal by Beeger and Geiger, separated from the Dahner Felsenland along the southern continuation of the

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The Palatinate Forest is drained by four great catchment systems and also by smaller catchments or individual streams. The four large systems are the

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to the north and German Wine Route to the east are other hills over 500 metres in height. The most prominent are Neustadt's northern local hill (

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Subdivision of the Palatinate Forest; physical and natural region landscape names and boundaries in red, surrounding major landscapes in other colours

5118:, paintings by Impressionist masters that reflect the rich colours of the southern Palatinate countryside, which may be experienced, for example, at 1165: 4604:, and is the only castle in the Palatinate that is still occupied. The castle has been rebuilt and is open to visitors. Of many other castles, like 2997: 7315: 7300: 7256: 6523: 5704: 5062: 1742:). At the same time the sides of the newly created lowlands were uplifted, in the case of the Palatinate Forest, to a height of about 1000 metres. 1572: 1538: 1453: 1030: 347:

in Lorraine, it also forms the watershed between the Moselle and the Upper Rhine; the southern part of the region being drained completely via the

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etc.). Cross-border hikes are also easily possible in the bunter sandstone hills, because the Palatine Forest Club and its French counterpart the

721: 300:). This is where the bunter sandstone formations typical of the Palatinate Forest end, being replaced by other types of rock such as those of the 5354: 5228: 4380:, which overwinter here and occupy the woods in large flocks. They used to be hunted with blowpipes at night during the so-called Böhämmer Hunt ( 3752:

were able to spread as the climate gradually warmed up (the "pine-birch" period). As climatic conditions improved these species were followed by

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Characteristic of the highly diverse landscape of the southern Palatinate Forest are over 200 rock formations of all shapes and sizes (see also

4062:, which are found mainly in valleys and wetlands, are also typical vegetation for the Atlantic-influenced climate of the Palatinate Forest (see 3071: 2251:(516.5 m) breaks through the 500 metre contour. In its continuation to the north its descends from 400 to 300 metres above sea level. 4812: 4133:, which prefer shady, temperate, wet locations. Another feature of the bunter sandstone mountains are its rich mushroom and berry communities. 2816: 1439:

to offer the native population additional work and income opportunities and to assist in counteracting the structural changes described above.

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together form the Upper Bunter with a thickness of about a hundred metres. Unlike the Lower and Middle Bunter beds, these strata contain more

5963:. Website of the Ministry for the Environment, Forestry and Consumer Protection of the State of Rhineland-Palatinate. Retrieved 17 June 2011. 3586:

in the west and reaches the northern Palatine Forest immediately west and south of the city of Kaiserslautern where it turns southeast. From

3134: 3080: 2981: 2324:. The important summits of the range are annotated with their corresponding landscape subdivision and arranged according to their height in 3764:(the "hazel and oak period"). From the 3rd millennium a more Atlantic-influenced climate evolved, which was cooler and wetter, so that now 6375: 5961:

Landesverordnung über den "Naturpark Pfälzerwald" als deutscher Teil des Biosphärenreservates Pfälzerwald-Nordvogesen vom 22. Januar 2007

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and thus weather down to soils rich in nutrients, that are used for agriculture in island clearings in the western Palatine Forest (the

370:. Geomorphologically and geologically, this dividing line is less pronounced than is the case on the right bank of the Rhine, where the 6711: 3654: 3641:

On the eastern edge of the mountains, a light yellow, bleached sandstone may be found in several places. This used to be quarried near

2535: 150: 5368:(waymark: scallop on blue field), the Pirmasens – Belfort long-distance path (waymark: yellow bar) or the Franconia-Hesse-Palatinate ( 1899:

In the Middle Bunter, too, various rock zones with thicknesses of about 80 to 100 metres may be identified. The most striking are the

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At the same time, the forested highlands has gained increasing importance in the second half of the twentieth century as a place for

1300:, the population was initially restored and stabilized in the late 17th century, initially as a result of settler migration from the 4277:

form an ecological framework in which a large and varied range of animals was able to develop. Particularly striking are the larger

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The Palatinate Forest is a heavily incised, low mountain range with many hillforms and dense afforestation: panoramic view from the

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by the German Federal Institute for Regional Studies. Despite that, some deviation in the names used by the handbook has prevailed.

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Landscape fact file (major landscape) of the Landscape Information System of the Rhineland-Palatinate Nature Conservation Office (

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Bundesanstalt für Landeskunde, Remagen/Bad Godesberg 1953–1962 (9th series in 8 books, 1:1,000,000 map with major units 1960).

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In addition to beech, the oak is another characteristic tree of the Palatinate Forest, albeit botanically speaking they are mainly

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These processes, which continue today, have had four important implications for the present landscape of the low mountain region:

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dominates the appearance of the forest. Because it forms the northernmost element of the great beech-fir forests typical of the

7320: 6368: 5576: 5224: 4854:, which nest in the rocks and are under strict conservation measures (including access restrictions for climbers and walkers). 4564: 2085:, rock faces, rock walls and rock blocks. In addition, the small-scale weathering of strata of differing hardness has produced 1624:(2,296 ha) being the largest of the core area in the biosphere reserve, with its mixed stands of primeval beech, oak and pine. 4885:, the Luger Friedrichsfels, the Hundsfels and the Rödelstein near Vorderweidenthal. Another important natural monument is the 519: 5533:

near Merzalben the visitor has a good view of the core zone of the biosphere reserve in the western Palatine Forest (see the

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ruled over the northeastern Palatine Forest; the significant buildings there of this aristocratic family were the castles of

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On the eastern edge of the Palatinate Forest, in the borough of Neustadt an der Weinstraße above the village of the same, is

4006:). In addition, from a forestry point of view the oaks of the Palatinate Forest are a particularly high priority because the 1602:

The main focus is on the promotion of "model projects for sustainability" that, for example, may include the development of

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in a comprehensive permanent exhibition with vivid displays of the particular features of these bunter sandstone mountains.

1907:, which also consist of silicifie coarse sandstones and scree. At the top of this formation is the "violet boundary layer" ( 6516: 6443: 6088:

1:25,000 and 1:50,000 topographic map series by the Rhineland-Palatinate State Office for Survey and Geobasis Information (

3219:

valleys, in which the valley floor is wide and they are therefore especially well suited for the construction of ponds, or

1144:(7th to 10th century) took them to the edges of today's Palatinate Forest, there was increasing population pressure in the 592: 327: 3777:

little, to the devastation of wide areas of woodland, something that reached its peak in the 17th and 18th centuries (see

7184: 4862: 4773: 2094: 729: 5509:

offers an "observation platform" over the Rhine plain, the rock castles of the Wasgau, e. g. the castle trinity of

1674:, through the addition of iron oxide, to a variable colouration of the rock strata – hence the name "bunter" sandstone ( 5327:. It offers over 100 managed walking huts and similar facilities run by volunteers of the Palatine Forest Club and the 5293: 5054: 4952: 4733: 4238: 3346:. Whilst the first three flow directly into the Rhine, the waters of the Schwarzbach make their way indirectly via the 1977: 1068: 421: 6856: 535: 4974: 4755: 4260: 2258:

Typical Wasgau countryside with erosion surfaces and conical hills: view from the Lindelbrunn to the Rehberg (centre)

1999: 1090: 447: 5440:

on the Weinbiet. The visitor has a good all-round view, especially to the north and east that reaches as far as the

429: 6075: 5908: 5518: 5069: 4874: 4578:

in 1832 and has since been seen as a symbol of democracy. Several kilometres further south, near Edenkoben, is the

3280:, that are frequently linked to spring horizons and into which groundwater reaches the surface again. As a result, 1503:

Around 1975 the expansion of recreational facilities was viewed as complete and attention switched to the care of

611: 6509: 6391: 5412:

Thanks to its rich tapestry of countryside the Palatine Forest has a large number of very varied viewing points:

5192: 1711: 1385:

in Germany also affected the region of the Palatinate Forest, which was increasingly integrated into the overall

6694: 5688: 4956: 4737: 4625: 4242: 1981: 1343: 1072: 482: 425: 2141:

The highest points in this low mountain range occur in the central Palatinate Forest, and mainly in the east.

6873: 6418: 5972: 1465: 1449: 166: 5388:

etc.) and the so-called "premium" or "predicate" trails initiated by the Palatine Tourist Board (e. g.

4054:, the moisture-loving silver fir is counted as one of the indigenous tree species of the Palatinate Forest. 1496:

style, were named "Fischer Huts" after the managing director of the Palatinate Forest Club, Ludwig Fischer.

3703:

columns were formed. These rock deposits may be clearly seen today on the site of an old Hartstein quarry.

2332:. The nearest settlement is given for lesser known hills or those for which there is no Knowledge article. 1121: 511: 5779:

Der Pfälzerwald: Entstehung seines Namens, seine geographische Abgrenzung und die Geologie seines Gebietes

5252: 4652: 3650: 2144:

Here, in a single, contiguous ridge is a series of peaks exceeding the 600 metre mark, of which the Great

1334:. Apart from the modest level of iron extraction and processing, work in the forests and the operation of 488: 6438: 4613: 1351: 6305: 5658:

Map service of the Landscape Information System of the Rhineland-Palatinate Nature Conservation Office (

667: 7295: 7167: 6610: 5433: 5365: 5259:

and which is planned to re-open are two aerial cableways on the eastern edge of the Palatinate Forest.

2542: 1903:

beds, which mainly occur at the surface as silicified blocks of rock, and the upper rock zone and the

1514:, planted as a result of war, wartime reparations and times of crisis, with species rich site-specific 1184:

and other castles in the surrounding area that, for a time, made it the centre of power of the empire.

859: 3991: 3381:

The eleven river basins of the Palatine Forest with the four most important around the central plateau

2481: 2165: 2148:, at 672.6 m, is also the highest point of the entire Palatinate Forest. The ridge begins at the 5256: 4372:

appear to have died out in the Palatine Forest region. Typical autumn and winter species include the

2565: 2106: 1233: 1212:

led to a significant decline in population and the total number of settlements fell sharply (leaving

213: 4807:

Other ancient forest-like cells of natural woodland may be found in the source region of the (Wies)-

4105:

In the species-poor oak, beech and pine woods the ground flora mainly consists of acid-soil loving (

2262:

South of the Queich the countryside changes due to the somewhat different geological situation (see

1279: 6921: 6653: 6545: 6342:

Winfried Lang: Der Luitpoldturm und sein Panorama. Plöger Medien GmbH, Annweiler 2009, pp. 108–121.

5490: 4828: 4694:, which were built at different times, but erected immediately one after another on a rocky ridge. 4392: 2862: 1571:. In 1998 it became the German part of the first cross-border UNESCO biosphere reserve, namely the 603: 576: 468:, bounded by the extensive northern Palatine hill landscape and reaching southwards to a line from 410: 312: 133: 49: 5675:

by the Rhineland-Palatinate State Office for the Environment, Water Management and Trade Control (

7118: 6682: 6562: 5002: 4945: 4797: 4726: 4535:

The Palatinate Forest has a large number of castles and stately houses. Worthy of mention is the

4485: 4231: 4021:

Despite the decline in its share of the total tree population from 44 to 34 percent in 2008, the

3514: 3164: 2474: 2177: 2075: 1970: 1347: 1061: 414: 6078:

Website of the Rhineland-Palatinate State Office for Geology and Mining. Retrieved 8 April 2011.

2738: 1666:

and the Zechstein (about 256–251 million years ago) are important. At the beginning of the

986:

distinction between different parts of the region that, today, is the Palatinate Forest and the

756:

within the Palatine-Saarland Scarplands (a 2nd order major region) and runs south as far as the

7196: 7112: 6940: 4445: 4030:

member of the forest community, although for the purposes of reforesting devastated areas (see

3982:. It is the main tree species of larger, sometimes centuries-old, stands in the regions around 3087: 2385: 2295: 2035: 1904: 974: 358:

forms a border between the Palatinate Forest, which continues into France as the North Vosges (

289: 6658: 4013: 707: 7179: 7053: 5444:. In the central and southern part of the range, examples of good viewing towers include the 5331:. The walking support centres are often only accessible on foot and mainly open at weekends. 5173: 5165: 4866: 4548: 4034:) pine species from other regions have been introduced and mixed with indigenous species. In 3559:

The river system of the Schwarzbach is the only one in the forest that drains into the river

3404: 3367: 2189: 1551: 1413: 673: 7172: 7100: 6316: 6294: 5530: 4656: 4525: 3603: 2074:) and elongated trapezium-shaped ridges, frequently with rocky summit areas (e. g. the 1187: 258: 7005: 5753:

Pfälzische Landeskunde, Beiträge zu Geographie, Biologie, Volkskunde und Geschichte. Vol. 1

5506: 5428:

In the northeastern part of the range the following destinations are worth mentioning: the

5324: 5200: 5104: 4621: 4544: 4369: 4318: 3607: 2892: 2724: 2267: 2110: 2039: 1794: 1692: 1679:

sandstone formations were buried by various types of sediments in the adjacent sections of

1297: 316: 162: 6897: 6488: 5595:

Michael Geiger (2010). "Die Landschaften der Pfalz" (The Landscapes of the Palatinate) in

5361:

paths that link the forest to the European and national networks of long-distance trails.

5227:, and there are also various children-oriented activities. A comparable attraction is the 5223:

Over 400 wild animals of 15 European species may be found on the extensive terrain of the

5111: 4579: 4086:, in pure or nearly monocultures and represents about 4 percent of the forest area there. 1507:

and the landscape in the centre. Increasingly there was also a desire to replace the many

8: 5155: 4648: 4644: 4589: 4583: 4518: 4461: 4188: 4134: 4027: 3389: 3343: 3019: 2670: 2185: 1603: 1394: 1317: 1197: 915: 158: 79: 7041: 3213:

with wider floors predominate. In the southwestern part of the Forest are the so-called

7071: 7029: 6748: 6705: 6403: 5724: 5522: 5180: 5151: 5136: 5018: 4824: 4640: 4593: 4489: 4357: 4098: 3995: 3683:

was able to rise and break out onto the surface along the fractures. During an initial

3575: 3571:), all the other systems, arranged from north to south, drain directly into the Rhine. 3241: 2809: 2703: 2572: 2420: 2102: 2057: 1667: 1375: 1026: 962: 837: 500: 233:

region of about 8,000 km in area, that runs from the Börrstadt Basin (a line from

7160: 7136: 6122: 6040: 4567:

can be viewed, and is one of the most popular tourist destinations in the Palatinate.

2883: 2329: 1370: 1169: 386:

beyond the Vosges forms an orographically clear border on the left bank of the Rhine.

7155: 7000: 6784: 6724: 6689: 6458: 5437: 5328: 5311: 4870: 4858: 4687: 4664: 4605: 4424: 4345: 4341: 4274: 4152: 3782: 3684: 3583: 3537: 3520: 3503: 2974: 2618: 2506: 2220: 2204:

or Kaiserslautern-Mölschbach without dropping below the 450 metre contour line.

1940: 1869: 1658: 1641: 1568: 1526: 1382: 1321: 1213: 1141: 921: 889: 688: 542: 344: 320: 262: 6428: 5445: 4655:

near Bad Dürkheim. Other castles in the region that belonged to the Leiningens were

4582:, built in the mid-19th century and used as a summer residence of the Bavarian king 2825: 7143: 7082: 7012: 6868: 6861: 6753: 6677: 6285:. 2nd edn., Verlag Pfälzer Kunst Dr. Hans Blinn, Landau/Pfalz, 1985, pp. 4 ff. 5720: 5267: 5030: 4886: 4851: 4787:, stands out as a result of its natural, virgin scenery. The Trippstadt village of 4575: 4556: 4377: 4361: 4349: 4322: 4306: 4180: 4164: 4148: 4144: 4051: 3692: 3491: 3276:

The conditions described above have also led to the formation of a great number of

2427: 2098: 1912: 1768: 1734: 1730: 1633: 1476: 1390: 1241: 1225: 1193: 1153: 1110: 970: 768: 734: 274: 185: 65:

The Palatinate Forest in southwest Germany and northeast France (delineated in red)

6808: 4783:

valley, through which run the upper reaches of the Moosalb river near the town of

2745: 2287: 1810: 6976: 6916: 6736: 6580: 6569: 6532: 5981: 5014: 4691: 4675: 4668: 4597: 4536: 4302: 4200: 4130: 4122: 4114: 4110: 3849: 3769: 3579: 3439: 3433: 3377: 3237: 3210: 3206: 2399: 1846: 1778: 1764: 1750: 1417: 1280:

Immigration, re-impoverishment, first commuters (late 18th to early 20th century)

1265: 843: 383: 355: 331: 246: 230: 170: 125: 33: 6585: 6574: 6360: 4147:

grows on dry, sandy soils alongside paths and in clearings as do plants such as

3294:

do not have a natural origin. They were more often artificially laid out by the

3201:

Water conducting and feeding rock zone of the Karlstal beds: Moosalb im Karlstal

2779: 1845:. They generally have a softer consistency and therefore form broad valleys and 1470: 785: 559: 492: 6813: 6640: 6605: 5927: 5554: 5510: 5461: 5297: 5085: 4893:

In order to open up this rock landscape to walkers, in recent years a range of

4808: 4698: 4683: 4633: 4571: 4552: 4540: 4529: 4465: 4184: 4079: 4071: 3929: 3803: 3642: 3545: 3528: 3459: 3359: 3335: 3299: 3253: 3249: 2967: 2283: 2208: 2201: 2197: 1754: 1703: 1621: 1485: 1398: 1301: 1269: 1181: 1125: 1116: 757: 753: 713: 555: 469: 305: 6885: 6801: 6550: 6066:

Verlag Pfälzische Landeskunde, Landau/Pf., 2010, c.f. table and map pp. 76–77.

5637:

Sheets marked with an asterisk (*) have not so far been included in the list.

5477:("Dragon Rock") between the Isenach and Speyerbach valleys and especially the 5453: 2710: 1284: 7289: 7271: 7258: 7024: 6964: 6928: 6501: 6463: 5514: 5429: 5303: 5271: 5089: 5026: 5006: 4788: 4469: 4449: 4326: 4204: 4192: 4159:, whilst by the many brooks and wet meadows acid-loving marsh plants such as 4035: 3983: 3795: 3740:, about 10,000 years ago, the region of the Palatine Forest was covered with 3587: 3552: 3412: 2173: 2082: 1707: 1405: 966: 936: 699: 473: 348: 6904: 6741: 5677:

Landesamtes für Umwelt, Wasserwirtschaft und Gewerbeaufsicht Rheinland-Pfalz

4596:

in the southern part of the Palatinate Forest, once belonged to the knight,

4175:

may be seen, all of which are rare in other regions of Germany. In addition

4094: 2443: 1733:, which, in their forelands to the north of the Alps, caused a bulge in the 1365: 60: 7227: 7123: 7107: 6957: 6760: 6670: 6557: 6453: 5809: 5568: 5482: 5240: 4894: 4820: 4629: 4453: 4365: 4282: 4196: 4172: 3564: 3351: 2611: 2515: 2157: 2090: 1663: 1640:. The tectonically formed bedding of these rock types and their subsequent 1515: 1409: 1359: 1273: 1245: 1177: 853: 819: 630: 375: 301: 229:

border, from which it has no morphological separation, is part of a single

6933: 6729: 6178:. Harksheider Verlagsgesellschaft, Norderstedt o. J., pp. 33–36. 5599:

by Michael Geiger et al. (eds.), Landau/Pf: Pfälzische Landeskunde, p. 99.

4017:

A pine stand, almost 200 years old, on the northwest slopes of the Rehberg

3582:

between the Rhine (Upper Rhine) and Moselle (Middle Rhine) comes from the

2679: 238: 7203: 6993: 6969: 6945: 6836: 6665: 5878:

Stuttgart: Ulmer, 1999, p. 403, comparing these houses with those in the

5449: 5397: 5385: 5373: 5142: 4609: 4514: 4481: 4477: 4457: 4441: 4412: 4364:

has been resident in the rock country of the Wasgau for several decades,

4106: 4007: 3979: 3975: 3913: 3799: 3646: 3568: 3499: 3307: 3233: 2841: 2654: 2488: 2149: 1774: 1680: 1606:

concepts or the environmentally friendly production of regional products.

1511: 1205: 1188:

Abandoned villages, over-exploitation and depletion (14th-18th centuries)

1145: 339: 293: 270: 266: 6820: 6260:. Website der Vereinigung Pfälzer Kletterer. Retrieved 22 May 2011. 5633: 4881:. The region around Annweiler and Gossersweiler has formations like the 3675:

53 million years ago tensions in the earth's crust and mantle (see

3555:(1720 km) – catchment area goes to immediately on the state border) 2786: 242: 7243: 7220: 7215: 7191: 6909: 6880: 6765: 6622: 6617: 6478: 6018:. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, 2007, pp. 241–258. 5526: 5211: 4959: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 4882: 4847: 4816: 4784: 4740: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 4245: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 4138: 4118: 4055: 4046: 4022: 4010:

produced from them is recognized worldwide as being of unique quality.

3999: 3945: 3619: 3599: 3453: 3327: 3311: 3096: 2990: 2625: 2499: 2434: 2303: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2244: 2212: 2169: 2118: 2114: 1984: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1864: 1850: 1718: 1508: 1424: 1335: 1326: 1261: 1161: 1075: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 813: 234: 6031:. Harksheider Verlagsgesellschaft, Norderstedt, o. J., pp. 20–29. 4992: 3724: 3197: 2254: 2200:. It is therefore possible to walk from Neustadt an der Weinstraße to 1109:

uninhabited and covered by dense, ancient forest until the end of the

7232: 7148: 6825: 6789: 6700: 6645: 6634: 6448: 5736: 5529:, the highest castle ruins in the Palatinate, near Schönau, and from 5478: 5307: 5248: 5100: 4660: 4617: 4400: 4387: 4373: 4294: 4126: 3595: 3508: 3468: 3371: 2951: 2772: 2604: 2413: 1936: 1932: 1834: 1637: 1493: 1339: 1331: 1313: 1289: 1157: 691: 649: 563: 379: 311:

The hill country between the Haardt and the Upper Rhine Plain, where

7095: 6255: 6246:. Verlag Pfälzische Landeskunde, Landau/Pf., 1987, pp. 309–336. 6229:. Verlag Pfälzische Landeskunde, Landau/Pf., 1987, pp. 141–145. 6212:. Verlag Pfälzische Landeskunde, Landau/Pf., 1987, pp. 133–164. 6195:. Verlag Pfälzische Landeskunde, Landau/Pf., 1987, pp. 127–132. 6145:. Verlag Pfälzische Landeskunde, Landau/Pf., 1987, pp. 101–126. 6110:. Verlag Pfälzische Landeskunde, Landau/Pf., 1987. pp. 253–262. 5376:(e. g. forest educational trails), rock trails (e. g. the 4934: 4715: 4220: 1959: 1644:

led to the topography of this low mountain range that we see today.

1276:(pitch boilers) and ash burners, supported only a meagre existence. 1248:

damaged the soils and forests; on the other hand the manufacture of

1224:

and had to be abandoned after a short period because of overuse and

1050: 399: 7048: 6952: 6831: 6413: 6087: 5879: 5502: 5457: 5441: 5244: 5160: 4780: 4768: 4420: 4353: 4290: 4286: 4176: 4168: 4160: 4059: 3987: 3968: 3729: 3591: 3482: 3277: 3150: 3064: 3037: 2549: 2248: 2236: 2193: 2161: 1900: 1884: 1722: 1688: 1309: 1149: 371: 254: 6892: 6598: 6433: 3306:

in the Palatine Forest is not significant. The best known are the

2192:

rivers. To the southwest other ridges separate the valleys of the

1547:

Boundaries of the Palatinate Forest-North Vosges Biosphere Reserve

1148:(10th to 13th century), especially through the initiatives of the 973:

region of the Palatinate. Its use was extended when, in 1902, the

7087: 7076: 7065: 7060: 7036: 6777: 6593: 6090:

Landesamt für Vermessung und Geobasisinformation Rheinland-Pfalz)

5025:. The latter, in addition to a multimedia exhibition, also has a 4843: 4428: 4404: 4395:, the largest central European fritillary, in the Palatine Forest 4298: 4273:

The large mixed forests of the mountain range with their various

3737: 3696: 3560: 3447: 3363: 3355: 3315: 3269: 3245: 3127: 2240: 2228: 1790: 1504: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1386: 1237: 1221: 1201: 991: 507: 250: 154: 83: 6988: 6323:, insgesamt 102, Pfälzerwald-Verein e. V., 67433 Neustadt a.d.W. 5749:

Der Pfälzerwald – Eine Einführung in Landschaft und Namengebung.

5562: 3664: 1868:

Trifels beds of the Napoleonsfels rocks near Bruchweiler in the

1861:

The rock unit of bunter sandstone is divided into three strata:

1833:

These rock strata cover the bedrock and consist, in addition to

1393:. Secluded forest farming villages became municipalities with a 7131: 6981: 5951:. Verlag Pfälzische Landeskunde, Landau/Pf., 2010, pp. 155–158. 5899:. Verlag Pfälzische Landeskunde, Landau/Pf., 1987, pp. 207–214. 5865:. Landau/Pf.: Verlag Pfälzische Landeskunde, 1987, pp. 239–252. 5848:. Verlag Pfälzische Landeskunde, Landau/Pf., 2010, pp. 202–221. 5716: 5486: 5420: 5286: 5282: 5131: 5081: 5077: 5022: 4509: 4473: 4416: 4408: 4337: 4310: 4278: 4083: 4039: 3963: 3865: 3787: 3741: 3700: 3636: 3476: 3424: 3418: 3395: 3331: 2406: 2270:(576.8 m) near Annweiler, the castle hill of the ruins of 2145: 2134: 2019: 1880: 1818: 1789:

In the later Paleogene (34 to 23.8 million years ago) and

1684: 1632:

The Palatinate Forest is primarily characterised by a block of

1564: 1543: 1521:

On 20 July 1982 the Palatinate Forest Nature Park Association (

1305: 1257: 1232:

to obtain firewood and timber did not follow the principles of

1229: 1209: 1173: 1137: 1129: 1034: 1018: 1007: 987: 867: 761: 657: 653: 644: 599: 583: 567: 367: 226: 222: 193: 189: 178: 5643:

Sheet 160: Landau i. d. Pfalz (Adalbert Pemöller 1969; 47 pp.)

5353:

used as a waypoint on an unsigned path to the forest house of

5251:, from where there is a good view of the Rhine Plain, and the 4082:

it is found on the eastern edge of the Palatinate Forest, the

3781:). This situation made the introduction of properly regulated 2322:

concept for the natural region division of the Palatine Forest

107: 6629: 6005:. Verlag Pfälzische Landeskunde, Landau/Pf., 1987, pp. 21–46. 5831:. Verlag Pfälzische Landeskunde, Landau/Pf., 1987, pp. 63–92. 5485:, from which there is an outstanding view over the southeast 5350: 5345: 3897: 3802:. In the Palatine Forest, this regulated management produced 3791: 3765: 3761: 3753: 3749: 3744:, amongst which, initially, undemanding tree species such as 3680: 3347: 2325: 1838: 1822: 1757:, keuper and muschelkalk), thus exposing the bunter sandstone 1725:

era (66 to 23.8 million years ago) the formation of the

1480:

woodland car park from where there are several circular walks

1253: 961:

was first used in 1843 – when the Palatinate was part of the

217:

The scarplands west of the Rhine and the Palatine Forest (17)

6269: 5789: 5787: 5184:

and the changes in shoe production experienced vividly (see

4384:), until this sport was ended by the 1936 Conservation Act. 4281:

which, as in other mountainous regions, are represented by

1563:

The Palatinate Forest Nature Park was recognized in 1992 by

1117:

Abbeys, colonisation and development (7th to 13th centuries)

760:, i.e. far into French territory, where it continues as the 378:

are clearly separated from each other by the lowland of the

6796: 6772: 6473: 5628:

The Natural Region Units in Individual 1:200,000 map sheets

4878: 4679: 4547:, where, at the end of the 12th century, the English king, 4437: 4427:

have survived. And the highly endangered great and spotted

4333: 4314: 3833: 3745: 3290:

are typical of the Palatine Forest, albeit the majority of

3286: 3215: 2291: 2086: 1928: 1888: 1842: 1739: 1726: 1355: 1249: 1217: 1180:(12th and 13th century) emperors, with the construction of 1103: 834:(only significantly separate landscape subdivisions shown) 695: 5781:.Crusius Verlag, Kaiserslautern, 1911 (Sonderdruck), p. 7. 5632:

Bundesanstalt für Landeskunde, Bad Godesberg 1952–1994. →

4125:. Also characteristic are various species of fern such as 4066:) as well as being representative of the original forest. 3598:

to the west – and then bends southwest in the area of the

3264: 177:) covering 1,771 km and its highest elevation is the 6844: 6123:

Geoexplorer of the Rhineland-Palatinate Water Authority (

5797:. Landau/Pf.: Verlag Pfälzische Landeskunde, 1987, p. 18. 5784: 3881: 3757: 3653:

in large quarries and is still being quarried today near

3295: 3281: 2129: 1749:

The removal of approximately 800 metres of surface rock (

1366:

Deindustrialisation and tourism (20th and 21st centuries)

2097:). On the almost two-kilometre-long rock terrace of the 1828: 1342:

was the only real source of income. This meant that the

965:– by foresters in the centrally-located municipality of 4038:

in the mid-Palatinate Forest and on the peaty soils at

2047: 460:

The Palatinate Forest can be divided into three areas.

288:

To the north, the Palatinate Forest is adjoined by the

6270:

Website of the Rhineland-Palatinate Museum Association

4897:

has been established, of which the Rodalb Rock Trail (

4877:, which all lie in the area around the little town of 4003: 3298:

of streams and were used as stages and reservoirs for

3252:, where it is discharged at the surface again e.g. in 2121:

tend to be found more in the central Palatine Forest.

1698: 1687:(234–200 million years ago), and also during the 771:

mountains were drawn up in the 1950s and 1960s in the

6321:

Verzeichnis der Rasthäuser, Schutzhütten, Wanderheime

5001:

given primacy. On the German side, these include the

4811:

below the Weißenberg in one of the core zones of the

2168:(609.9 m). This massif extends from the town of 1793:(23.8 to 2.8 million years ago) and also in the 41: 6356:

Biosphere Reserve Palatinate Forest - Vosges du Nord

5945:

Natur- und Kulturlandschaften der Pfalz im Überblick

5611:

Handbuch der naturräumlichen Gliederung Deutschlands

5544: 1652: 1442: 5682: 4917:). Whilst most rocks are only really accessible to 2320:The category structure of the list is based on the 2124: 773:

Handbook of the Natural Region Divisions of Germany

6223:Der Pfälzerwald, Lebensraum für Pflanzen und Tiere 6206:Der Pfälzerwald, Lebensraum für Pflanzen und Tiere 6176:Naturpark PfälzerWald Naturmagazin draußen, No. 24 6029:Naturpark PfälzerWald Naturmagazin draußen, No. 24 5281:The Palatinate Forest is an attractive region for 4924: 4419:. A common sight are great anthills, the nests of 4203:, illustrate the variety that may be found in the 3205:Characteristic of the Lower and Middle Bunter are 2316:List of mountains and hills of the Palatine Forest 1773:The breaking the bunter sandstone into individual 990:. The range was named after the Celtic forest god 6390: 6240:Bedeutende Bau- und Kunstdenkmäler im Pfälzerwald 6102:Hubert Heitele, Dietmar Kotke, Herrmann Fischer: 5651: 5231:near Wachenheim in the northern Palatine Forest. 5103:is the first science museum or science centre in 3728:Beech stands that resemble ancient forest in the 3302:. However, the area covered by all the lakes and 3284:, bog lakes and other small lakes, the so-called 1021:part of the sandstone mountains, whilst the term 7287: 6093:, official website. Retrieved 1 April 2011. 5646:Sheet 169*: Rastatt (Heinz Fischer 1967; 31 pp.) 5063:Palatinate Forest-North Vosges Biosphere Reserve 4801: 3358:rivers. Smaller drainage systems are, e.g., the 2156:) (about 500 m) and heads westwards to the 1573:Palatinate Forest-North Vosges Biosphere Reserve 1555:The core zone: Source Region of the Wieslauter ( 1539:Palatinate Forest-North Vosges Biosphere Reserve 1454:Palatinate Forest-North Vosges Biosphere Reserve 1031:Palatinate Forest-North Vosges Biosphere Reserve 905:Annweiler-Albersweiler Outskirts ("Trifelsland") 198:Palatinate Forest-North Vosges Biosphere Reserve 184:Together with the northern part of the adjacent 6076:Geological Overview Map of Rhineland-Palatinate 5825:Der Pfälzerwald als historisch-politischer Raum 5029:, and water and biosphere experience walks. In 4800:was established in Johanniskreuz in 2005 (viz. 4399:The forest is home to a sizeable population of 2227:; 566.2 m). In the triangle formed by the 1784: 7326:Natural regions of the South German Scarplands 6531: 4551:, was held prisoner; in the wake of which the 3768:characterised the forest scenery. The oak and 261:) and which forms the western boundary of the 7306:Forests and woodlands of Rhineland-Palatinate 6517: 6376: 6283:Der Wasgau mit seinen Felsen und Felsenburgen 6157: 6155: 6153: 6151: 6003:Der Pfälzerwald, ein Porträt einer Landschaft 5424:The Luitpold Tower on the Weißenberg mountain 5380:), river and lakeside trails (e. g. the 5300:, was developed in the centre of the region. 4890:sandstone (e. g. honeycomb weathering). 3665:Former volcanic activity at the Pechsteinkopf 2215:the highest points are the 570.8 m high 2180:. Its central area between Johanniskreuz and 1448:inter alia, through the establishment of the 886:Stürzelbronn-Schönau Felsenland (up to 581 m) 826:; 394 m); eastern outskirts of Kaiserslautern 752:The Palatinate Forest is a major (3rd level) 5768:. Plöger Medien GmbH, Annweiler 2009, p. 75. 5640:Sheet 150: Mainz (Harald Uhlig 1964; 39 pp.) 5618: 5150:Examples of industrial heritage include the 3994:and may also be found further south between 3614:, before finally leaving German soil at the 1911:), which mainly consists of fine, mica-rich 1346:in the second half of the 19th century (the 1236:. On the one hand, the production of straw ( 816:(only over 400 m near the southern boundary) 25: 6125:Wasserwirtschaftsverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz 6118: 6116: 4850:trees. Another feature of this biotope are 4846:, the undemanding grasses and the deformed 4492:, may often be seen by streams and ponds. 4137:cover large areas and, in suitable places, 3590:it runs initially southwards – passing the 3563:. The Waldlauter and Alsenz drain into the 1710:of the bunter sandstone at the foot of the 969:, who used it to refer to the woods of the 648:, from the Queich stream and the line from 428:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 6524: 6510: 6383: 6369: 6148: 5999:Der Pfälzerwald im geografischen Überblick 4555:arose. Today it is where replicas of the 3223:, reservoirs and small lakes (see below). 1381:In the 20th century, the general economic 6244:Der Pfälzerwald, Porträt einer Landschaft 6227:Der Pfälzerwald, Porträt einer Landschaft 6210:Der Pfälzerwald, Porträt einer Landschaft 6193:Der Pfälzerwald, Porträt einer Landschaft 6143:Der Pfälzerwald, Porträt einer Landschaft 6108:Der Pfälzerwald, Porträt einer Landschaft 5913:at www.kwis-rlp.de. Retrieved 21 Sep 2018 5897:Der Pfälzerwald, Porträt einer Landschaft 5863:Der Pfälzerwald: Porträt einer Landschaft 5829:Der Pfälzerwald, Porträt einer Landschaft 5795:Der Pfälzerwald: Porträt einer Landschaft 5176:in Neustadt which has numerous exhibits. 5013:) and the Palatine Forest / North Vosges 4975:Learn how and when to remove this message 4756:Learn how and when to remove this message 4620:, which partly belonged to rebel knight, 4329:are also found in the Palatinate Forest. 4261:Learn how and when to remove this message 3272:reservoir in the northern Palatine Forest 2306:are the highest points in the southwest. 2137:, the highest peak in the Palatine Forest 2000:Learn how and when to remove this message 1296:After large population losses during the 1091:Learn how and when to remove this message 448:Learn how and when to remove this message 221:The Palatinate Forest, together with the 6295:Wanderhütten in deutschen Mittelgebirgen 6113: 5814:. Annweiler: Plöger Medien, 2009, p. 61. 5755:. Selbstverlag, Landau/Pf. 1981, p. 381. 5735:along with the northeastern spur of the 5666: 5419: 5344: 5266: 5141: 5130: 5035:Parc naturel régional des Vosges du Nord 4991: 4767: 4524: 4508: 4386: 4093: 4012: 3723: 3676: 3376: 3263: 3196: 2263: 2253: 2128: 2056: 1863: 1856: 1809: 1702: 1550: 1542: 1469: 1369: 1338:, the shoemaking industry in the region 1292:: farmhouses in the Rhine-Frankish style 1283: 1120: 1104:Traces of activity (to the 10th century) 1040: 998:emerged in the French-speaking area and 784: 562:to the Queich stream and the line from 212: 7316:Mountain ranges of Rhineland-Palatinate 7301:Protected areas of Rhineland-Palatinate 6242:. In: Michael Geiger u. a. (ed.): 6060:Die geologischen Baueinheiten der Pfalz 5916: 5473:The best known rock formations are the 5185: 4332:This is also true for a number of rare 3778: 3259: 3226: 1849:in the northern Palatinate Forest (the 1492:20 open shelters, built for walkers in 896:Dahner Felsenland in the narrower sense 7288: 5255:, which from 1973 to 1981 went up the 5126: 5010: 4987: 4909:), and the Hauenstein Cobblers' Path ( 4682:. This group comprises the castles of 4565:Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation 4313:and threatened mammal species such as 3187: 2012: 1647: 1416:trends. In addition, the far-reaching 6505: 6364: 5691:Naturschutzverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz 5660:Naturschutzverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz 5602: 5341:Walking routes in the Palatine Forest 5262: 4674:One unusual group of castles are the 4663:in the western part of the range and 3602:; in this direction it continues via 3192: 2042:(tower) on the Trifels looking north. 1829:Rotliegendes and Zechstein formations 1691:(200–142 million years ago) and 1683:(243–235 million years ago) and 1579:objectives and protection functions: 805:Otterberg Forest (up to around 380 m) 748:Subdivisions of the Palatinate Forest 554:from the Isenach stream and the line 132: 6042:Zugversagen-Modell der Grabenbildung 4957:adding citations to reliable sources 4928: 4738:adding citations to reliable sources 4709: 4705: 4243:adding citations to reliable sources 4214: 4101:in a clearing in the Palatine Forest 3809: 2048:Mountains, hills and rock formations 1982:adding citations to reliable sources 1953: 1729:led to considerable tensions in the 1532: 1156:, e.g. through the establishment of 1073:adding citations to reliable sources 1044: 767:The important subdivisions of these 426:adding citations to reliable sources 393: 328:St. Ingbert-Kaiserslauten Depression 6225:. In: Michael Geiger et al. (ed.): 6208:. In: Michael Geiger et al. (ed.): 6191:. In: Michael Geiger et al. (ed.): 6189:Naturwaldzellen, Urwald der Zukunft 6141:. In: Michael Geiger et al. (ed.): 6106:. In: Michael Geiger et al. (ed.): 6062:. In: Michael Geiger et al. (ed.): 5673:Natural region table with area data 5285:, offering an extensive network of 5234: 4815:as well as the border area between 4089: 3677:Laying down of the bunter sandstone 3630: 2309: 2113:can also be observed. By contrast, 2052: 1760:The tilting of the sandstone layers 1712:Devil's Table near Hinterweidenthal 1699:Laying down of the bunter sandstone 1192:This development took place in the 13: 6487: 6306:Karte bewirtschafteter Unterkünfte 6058:Jost Haneke/Michael Weidenfeller: 5947:. In: Michael Geiger u. a. (ed.): 5895:. In: Michael Geiger u. a. (ed.): 5844:. In: Michael Geiger u. a. (ed.): 5827:. In: Michael Geiger u. a. (ed.): 5766:Der Luitpoldturm und sein Panorama 5468: 5294:Palatine Forest Mountain Bike Park 5146:The St. Anna gallery in Nothweiler 5055:Palatine Museum of Natural History 4996:The biosphere house near Fischbach 4857:Well-known rock formations in the 4839: 1814:Gneiss quarry in the Queich valley 1636:and its underlying formations of 1397:character through the building of 629:The region is much appreciated by 14: 7337: 6349: 6104:Das Grundwasser und seine Nutzung 5751:In: Michael Geiger et al. (ed.): 5577:Südliche Weinstraße Wildlife Park 5415: 5407: 5334: 5225:Südliche Weinstraße Wildlife Park 5218: 4697:The castle information centre at 4651:near Grünstadt and the castle of 3719: 1695:(142–66 million years ago). 1653:Formation of the bunter sandstone 1443:Nature Park and Biosphere Reserve 1437:touristic concepts and activities 1320:) and the expansion of villages ( 1010:, in the German-speaking region. 323:runs through this zone of hills. 7242: 6165:. Retrieved 18 August 2013 5859:Von alten Berufen im Pfälzerwald 5608:Emil Meynen, Josef Schmithüsen: 5561: 5547: 5364:Well known examples include the 5070:History Museum of the Palatinate 4933: 4714: 4360:. Whilst the strictly protected 4219: 4075: 2247:. North of the Isenach only the 2125:Detailed topographic description 2027: 1958: 1949: 1200:(16th to 18th century), because 1049: 720: 706: 680: 666: 622: 610: 591: 575: 534: 518: 499: 481: 398: 59: 7311:Regions of Rhineland-Palatinate 6469:Vesser Valley Thuringian Forest 6336: 6326: 6310: 6299: 6288: 6275: 6263: 6249: 6232: 6215: 6198: 6181: 6168: 6131: 6096: 6081: 6069: 6052: 6034: 6021: 6008: 5991: 5966: 5954: 5937: 5902: 5885: 5868: 5861:in Michael Geiger et al (ed.), 5851: 5834: 5817: 5800: 5771: 5758: 5741: 5456:near Iggelbach, the one on the 5110:The Max Slevogt Art Gallery in 4944:needs additional citations for 4925:Information centres and museums 4725:needs additional citations for 4230:needs additional citations for 2061:Example of a rock terrace: the 1969:needs additional citations for 1435:. This is reflected in various 1060:needs additional citations for 741: 5974:50 Jahre Naturpark Pfälzerwald 5842:Dörfer und Städte in der Pfalz 5729: 5710: 5697: 5626:Geographische Landesaufnahme: 5589: 5169: 5048:Museumsverband Rheinland-Pfalz 4861:("Dahn Rock Country") are the 4608:, only ruins are left. Other 4207:alongside streams and brooks. 3342:in its upper reaches) and the 3310:on the northwestern edge, the 1800: 1459: 935:(up to 526 m; drains into the 1: 7321:Biosphere reserves of Germany 6272:. Retrieved 31 May 2011. 5997:Michael Geiger et al. (ed.): 5582: 5074:Historisches Museum der Pfalz 4873:and the two pinnacles of the 4574:, which was the scene of the 3711: 3699:, dark, vertical or inclined 3236:that can be channeled by the 2334: 1466:Palatinate Forest Nature Park 1450:Palatinate Forest Nature Park 1196:(13th to 15th centuries) and 1128:, the centre of power of the 280: 208: 165:. The forest is a designated 145:), sometimes also called the 16:Low mountain range in Germany 6163:Artenvielfalt im Pfälzerwald 6045:Website von Christian Röhr: 5924:Kraftquelle für Sitzmenschen 5793:Michael Geiger et al (ed.). 5534: 5496: 5436:(near Bad Dürkheim) and the 4914: 4905:), the Busenberg Clog Path ( 4835: 4600:, known in local legends as 4063: 3955: 3939: 3923: 3907: 3891: 3875: 3859: 3843: 2290:(513.0 m) southwest of 1785:Shaping of today's landscape 1523:Verein Naturpark Pfälzerwald 801:(Northern Palatinate Forest) 525:St. James' Church, ruins of 389: 203: 7: 5540: 5370:Franken – Hessen – Kurpfalz 5164:since 1996, as well as the 5135:A diesel locomotive on the 4913:) should be mentioned (see 4865:near Hinterweidenthal, the 4802:Information centres/Museums 4460:. In larger meadow streams 3952: 3949: 3936: 3933: 3920: 3917: 3904: 3901: 3888: 3885: 3872: 3869: 3856: 3853: 3840: 3837: 3786:coniferous species such as 3691:) formed which filled with 3625: 2196:and the headstreams of the 1220:soils, were unsuitable for 351:system to the Upper Rhine. 315:are grown, is known as the 10: 7342: 7168:Thuringian Slate Mountains 6257:Das Klettergebiet Südpfalz 5876:Bauernhaus und Landschaft. 5338: 5317: 5059:Pfalzmuseum für Naturkunde 5040: 4793: 4504: 4191:and, in dryer places also 4031: 3706: 3668: 3634: 3436:(„Altbach“, 130.2 km) 2340:Northern, Palatine Forest 2313: 1805: 1627: 1557:Quellgebiet der Wieslauter 1536: 1463: 1176:(10th-12th centuries) and 947: 883:Dahn-Annweiler Felsenland 824:Quaidersberg, Quaitersberg 745: 640:Southern Palatinate Forest 617:The forest in early spring 466:Northern Palatinate Forest 7240: 7144:Teutoburg Forest (Osning) 6540: 6485: 6399: 6016:Geologie von Mitteleuropa 5253:Bad Dürkheim Gondola Lift 5186:the history of settlement 4911:Hauensteiner Schusterpfad 4907:Busenberger Holzschuhpfad 4495: 4478:other minnow-like species 4129:, lemon-scented fern and 3321: 3314:in the southwest and the 2345: 2342: 2337: 1374:The Schuster Monument in 832:Central Palatinate Forest 354:To the south, the narrow 102: 94: 89: 75: 70: 58: 21: 6654:Elbe Sandstone Mountains 6546:Anterior Bavarian Forest 4393:silver-washed fritillary 4210: 4109:) species. Examples are 3817:Predominant tree species 3232:different rock zones as 2346:Southern Palatine Forest 2343:Central Palatine Forest 2239:(554.0 m), and the 2018:scarpland relief, whose 1717:At the beginning of the 799:Lower Palatinate Forest 660:borderline in the south. 602:, the boundary with the 552:Middle Palatinate Forest 334:west of Kaiserslautern. 6174:Ulrike Klugmann (ed.): 6049:. Retrieved 6 May 2011. 6027:Ulrike Klugmann (ed.): 5003:House of Sustainability 4901:), the Dahn Rock Path ( 4798:House of Sustainability 4488:and the otherwise rare 4486:golden-ringed dragonfly 4448:and, in calmer waters, 4407:, as well as a host of 4157:lance-shaped bellflower 4070:high adaptability. The 3736:At the end of the last 3693:loose volcanic material 2282:(560.5 m) west of 2207:North of the line from 1352:Landau–Zweibrücken line 1228:. Also, the use of the 952: 733:("devil's table") near 42: 6941:North Palatine Uplands 6493: 5425: 5366:Palatine St. James Way 5357: 5296:, a route network for 5278: 5147: 5139: 5088:was the centre of the 4997: 4776: 4532: 4522: 4396: 4102: 4056:Waterside ash woodland 4018: 3742:tundra-like vegetation 3733: 3610:and forester's lodge, 3382: 3273: 3202: 2714:(ca. 571 m) 2417:(ca. 610 m) 2259: 2138: 2066: 1923:Intermediate beds and 1872: 1815: 1714: 1560: 1548: 1481: 1431:activities of special 1378: 1362:) outside the region. 1308:and the settlement of 1293: 1288:The Wasgau village of 1133: 975:Palatinate Forest Club 850:High Palatinate Forest 790: 698:are a destination for 290:North Palatine Uplands 269:) and younger strata ( 218: 174: 134:[ˈpfɛltsɐvalt] 129: 26: 7180:Upper Palatine Forest 7054:Geiersberg (Breitsol) 6623:(Prussian) Velmerstot 6491: 6064:Geographie der Pfalz. 5423: 5348: 5270: 5243:, a chairlift up the 5174:German Railway Museum 5166:Little Cuckoo Railway 5145: 5134: 4995: 4771: 4549:Richard the Lionheart 4528: 4512: 4390: 4283:cloven-hoofed animals 4097: 4016: 3727: 3687:an explosive funnel ( 3380: 3267: 3200: 2583:(ca. 523 m) 2257: 2132: 2060: 1909:violette Grenzschicht 1867: 1857:Bunter sandstone beds 1813: 1777:and the formation of 1706: 1554: 1546: 1473: 1373: 1287: 1124: 1041:History of settlement 878:Bitche Forest Lowland 852:(main plateau of the 788: 674:Neuscharfeneck Castle 541:The countryside near 216: 175:Naturpark Pfälzerwald 7272:49.29250°N 7.87667°E 7209:Paschenburg Mountain 6778:Brocken (Blocksberg) 5949:Geographie der Pfalz 5846:Geographie der Pfalz 5597:Geographie der Pfalz 5325:Palatine Forest Club 5120:Slevogthof Neukastel 5105:Rhineland-Palatinate 5084:exhibition of 2011 ( 4953:improve this article 4734:improve this article 4622:Francis of Sickingen 4239:improve this article 3567:(the Lauter via the 3260:Lakes and reservoirs 3227:Hydrological balance 2302:(472.1 m) near 2274:(570.9 m) near 2243:(516.0 m) near 2111:honeycomb weathering 1978:improve this article 1905:primary conglomerate 1069:improve this article 900:Annweiler Felsenland 840:(up to around 450 m) 777:1:200,000 map sheets 422:improve this section 163:Rhineland-Palatinate 7268: / 6659:Großer Zschirnstein 6137:Edmund Mainberger: 6047:Der Oberrheingraben 5823:Jürgen Keddigkeit: 5521:near Annweiler and 5491:Südliche Weinstraße 5460:and especially the 5432:(near Deidesheim), 5394:Felsenland Sagenweg 5306:appreciate the red 5274:at the foot of the 5206:In the ore mine of 5197:Bürstenbindermuseum 5193:Brushmakers' Museum 5127:Industrial heritage 4988:Information centres 4590:Berwartstein Castle 3612:Forsthaus Hohe List 3374:and the Krebsbach. 3188:Valleys and streams 2671:Niederschlettenbach 2298:(475.8 m) and 2264:Landscape character 2164:(609.9 m) and 2013:Landscape character 1648:Development history 1612:The "quiet zones" ( 1604:sustainable tourism 1418:demographic changes 1198:Early Modern Period 916:Upper Mundat Forest 604:wine growing region 366:) and the "actual" 151:low-mountain region 7173:Großer Farmdenkopf 7072:Lusatian Mountains 6749:Gladenbach Uplands 6717:Sieben-Linden-Berg 6494: 6444:Schorfheide-Chorin 6404:Berchtesgaden Alps 6392:Biosphere reserves 6317:Pfälzerwald-Verein 5984:, Report from the 5980:2013-10-24 at the 5893:Die Schuhindustrie 5725:Reichsburg Trifels 5531:Gräfenstein Castle 5489:and the county of 5426: 5378:Rodalber Felsenweg 5358: 5279: 5263:Outdoor recreation 5208:St. Anne's Gallery 5181:German Shoe Museum 5152:Stumpfwald Railway 5148: 5140: 5137:Stumpfwald Railway 4998: 4899:Rodalber Felsenweg 4777: 4680:the eponymous town 4641:House of Leiningen 4533: 4523: 4490:northern damselfly 4397: 4103: 4099:Orange peel fungus 4019: 3779:Settlement history 3734: 3604:Gräfenstein Castle 3576:Palatine Watershed 3383: 3318:in the northeast. 3274: 3203: 2662:Krummer Ellenbogen 2278:, followed by the 2260: 2160:region around the 2139: 2093:and table rocks ( 2067: 1925:Voltzien sandstone 1873: 1816: 1715: 1561: 1549: 1482: 1383:structural changes 1379: 1294: 1214:abandoned villages 1134: 1027:Schengen Agreement 1013:So while the term 979:Pfälzerwald-Verein 963:Kingdom of Bavaria 838:Diemerstein Forest 791: 219: 7296:Palatinate Forest 7277:49.29250; 7.87667 7251: 7250: 7156:Thuringian Forest 7001:Rothaar Mountains 6850:Lauensteiner Kopf 6785:Hildesheim Forest 6725:Franconian Forest 6690:Fichtel Mountains 6499: 6498: 6459:Thuringian Forest 6424:Palatinate Forest 5874:Heinz Ellenberg. 5812:und sein Panorama 5624:Various authors: 5438:observation tower 5390:Pfälzer Waldsteig 5329:Friends of Nature 5312:Dahner Felsenland 5112:Villa Ludwigshöhe 5011:Natural monuments 4985: 4984: 4977: 4903:Dahner Felsenpfad 4859:Dahner Felsenland 4852:peregrine falcons 4813:biosphere reserve 4766: 4765: 4758: 4706:Natural monuments 4639:The lords of the 4580:Villa Ludwigshöhe 4425:narrow-headed ant 4275:plant communities 4271: 4270: 4263: 4004:biosphere reserve 3960: 3959: 3810:Current situation 3783:forest management 3584:Sickingen Heights 3538:Salzbach (Lauter) 3392:(1151.5 km) 3185: 3184: 3181: 3168: 3147: 3124: 3113: 3100: 3084: 3068: 3052: 3034: 3023: 3007: 2994: 2975:Hoher Stoppelkopf 2971: 2948: 2937: 2922: 2913:Großer Mückenkopf 2909: 2896: 2880: 2859: 2845: 2829: 2813: 2776: 2762: 2742: 2728: 2700: 2689: 2674: 2658: 2642: 2608: 2592: 2569: 2539: 2525: 2507:Bobenthaler Knopf 2494: 2471: 2460: 2447: 2403: 2389: 2356:Otterberg Forest 2348:or German Wasgau 2221:Hoher Stoppelkopf 2152:(also called the 2010: 2009: 2002: 1870:Dahner Felsenland 1795:Quaternary period 1763:the formation of 1668:Germanic Triassic 1599:Transition areas 1569:biosphere reserve 1533:Biosphere reserve 1433:ecological status 1414:induced migration 1391:transport systems 1322:clustered village 1298:Thirty Years' War 1142:Early Middle Ages 1140:conquests in the 1101: 1100: 1093: 890:Dahner Felsenland 810: 809:(Sembach Plateax) 795:Palatinate Forest 458: 457: 450: 321:German Wine Route 263:Upper Rhine Plain 157:, located in the 122:Palatinate Forest 118: 117: 22:Palatinate Forest 7333: 7283: 7282: 7280: 7279: 7278: 7273: 7269: 7266: 7265: 7264: 7261: 7246: 7083:Zittau Mountains 7013:Saalhausen Hills 6869:Kaufungen Forest 6678:Elster Mountains 6526: 6519: 6512: 6503: 6502: 6385: 6378: 6371: 6362: 6361: 6343: 6340: 6334: 6330: 6324: 6314: 6308: 6303: 6297: 6292: 6286: 6281:Emil Knöringer: 6279: 6273: 6267: 6261: 6253: 6247: 6236: 6230: 6219: 6213: 6202: 6196: 6187:Norbert Hailer: 6185: 6179: 6172: 6166: 6159: 6146: 6135: 6129: 6120: 6111: 6100: 6094: 6085: 6079: 6073: 6067: 6056: 6050: 6038: 6032: 6025: 6019: 6012: 6006: 5995: 5989: 5986:Pollichia-Kurier 5970: 5964: 5958: 5952: 5943:Michael Geiger: 5941: 5935: 5920: 5914: 5906: 5900: 5889: 5883: 5872: 5866: 5855: 5849: 5840:Michael Geiger: 5838: 5832: 5821: 5815: 5804: 5798: 5791: 5782: 5777:Daniel Häberle: 5775: 5769: 5762: 5756: 5745: 5739: 5733: 5727: 5714: 5708: 5701: 5695: 5686: 5680: 5670: 5664: 5655: 5649: 5622: 5616: 5606: 5600: 5593: 5571: 5566: 5565: 5557: 5552: 5551: 5550: 5235:Aerial cableways 5031:La Petite-Pierre 4980: 4973: 4969: 4966: 4960: 4937: 4929: 4887:Altschlossfelsen 4761: 4754: 4750: 4747: 4741: 4718: 4710: 4576:Hambach Festival 4561:Reichskleinodien 4557:Imperial Regalia 4440:. These include 4362:peregrine falcon 4350:black woodpecker 4336:, including the 4323:European wildcat 4266: 4259: 4255: 4252: 4246: 4223: 4215: 4181:marsh willowherb 4165:marsh cinquefoil 4149:German greenweed 4090:Other vegetation 4052:Vosges Mountains 3814: 3813: 3631:Haardt sandstone 3531:(382.3 km) 3479:(271.2 km) 3456:(595.8 km) 3430:Eisbach/Eckbach 3211:U-shaped valleys 3207:V-shaped valleys 3193:General features 3177: 3161: 3144:Hermersbergerhof 3140: 3120: 3109: 3093: 3077: 3061: 3048: 3030: 3016: 3003: 2987: 2964: 2944: 2940:Großer Ohligkopf 2933: 2918: 2905: 2889: 2873: 2852: 2838: 2822: 2806: 2769: 2758: 2735: 2721: 2696: 2685: 2667: 2651: 2638: 2601: 2585: 2562: 2532: 2521: 2492: 2470:Schneckenhausen) 2467: 2456: 2440: 2396: 2382: 2335: 2310:Tabular overview 2182:Hermersbergerhof 2099:Altschlossfelsen 2053:General features 2031: 2005: 1998: 1994: 1991: 1985: 1962: 1954: 1847:erosion surfaces 1634:bunter sandstone 1266:charcoal burners 1244:for cattle) and 1226:overexploitation 1194:Late Middle Ages 1113:(about 600 AD). 1111:Migration Period 1096: 1089: 1085: 1082: 1076: 1053: 1045: 971:bunter sandstone 808: 769:bunter sandstone 735:Hinterweidenthal 724: 710: 684: 670: 642:, the so-called 626: 614: 595: 579: 538: 522: 503: 485: 453: 446: 442: 439: 433: 402: 394: 299: 292:, including the 275:Westrich Plateau 186:Vosges Mountains 161:in the state of 153:in southwestern 144: 143: 142: 136: 114: 111: 109: 63: 54: 53: 45: 38: 37: 29: 19: 18: 7341: 7340: 7336: 7335: 7334: 7332: 7331: 7330: 7286: 7285: 7276: 7274: 7270: 7267: 7262: 7259: 7257: 7255: 7254: 7252: 7247: 7238: 7161:Großer Beerberg 7137:Großer Feldberg 6977:Palatine Forest 6917:Lenne Mountains 6737:Franconian Jura 6581:Bavarian Forest 6570:Bohemian Forest 6536: 6533:Central Uplands 6530: 6500: 6495: 6492:Flag of Germany 6483: 6395: 6389: 6352: 6347: 6346: 6341: 6337: 6331: 6327: 6315: 6311: 6304: 6300: 6293: 6289: 6280: 6276: 6268: 6264: 6254: 6250: 6238:Wilhelm Weber: 6237: 6233: 6221:Günter Preuss: 6220: 6216: 6204:Günter Preuss: 6203: 6199: 6186: 6182: 6173: 6169: 6160: 6149: 6136: 6132: 6121: 6114: 6101: 6097: 6086: 6082: 6074: 6070: 6057: 6053: 6039: 6035: 6026: 6022: 6014:Roland Walter: 6013: 6009: 5996: 5992: 5982:Wayback Machine 5971: 5967: 5959: 5955: 5942: 5938: 5922:Jürgen Müller: 5921: 5917: 5907: 5903: 5891:Hanni Mädrich: 5890: 5886: 5873: 5869: 5856: 5852: 5839: 5835: 5822: 5818: 5806:Winfried Lang. 5805: 5801: 5792: 5785: 5776: 5772: 5764:Winfried Lang: 5763: 5759: 5746: 5742: 5734: 5730: 5715: 5711: 5702: 5698: 5687: 5683: 5679:) (pdf; 250 kB) 5671: 5667: 5656: 5652: 5636: 5623: 5619: 5607: 5603: 5594: 5590: 5585: 5567: 5560: 5553: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5499: 5471: 5469:Rock formations 5418: 5410: 5343: 5337: 5320: 5265: 5237: 5221: 5129: 5043: 5015:Biosphere House 4990: 4981: 4970: 4964: 4961: 4950: 4938: 4927: 4875:Bride and Groom 4762: 4751: 4745: 4742: 4731: 4719: 4708: 4676:castles of Dahn 4669:Elmstein valley 4598:Hans von Trotha 4537:imperial castle 4507: 4498: 4267: 4256: 4250: 4247: 4236: 4224: 4213: 4201:alder buckthorn 4155:, and the rare 4123:wavy hair-grass 4115:white wood-rush 4111:great wood-rush 4092: 4026:beech it is an 3818: 3812: 3722: 3714: 3709: 3685:explosive phase 3673: 3667: 3639: 3633: 3628: 3580:drainage divide 3548:(805.5 km) 3523:(119.2 km) 3517:(109.1 km) 3511:(130.2 km) 3462:(119.3 km) 3450:(294.9 km) 3442:(217.8 km) 3427:(246.4 km) 3421:(327.7 km) 3415:(275.6 km) 3407:(188.2 km) 3398:(116.2 km) 3324: 3262: 3254:contact springs 3250:spring horizons 3229: 3195: 3190: 3179: 3176: 3174: 3163: 3160: 3158: 3154:(516.5 m) 3153: 3142: 3139: 3137: 3131:(516.0 m) 3130: 3122: 3119: 3117: 3111: 3108: 3106: 3095: 3092: 3090: 3079: 3076: 3074: 3063: 3060: 3058: 3051:Wilgartswiesen) 3050: 3047: 3045: 3041:(554.0 m) 3040: 3033:Drehentalerhof) 3032: 3029: 3027: 3018: 3015: 3013: 3005: 3002: 3000: 2989: 2986: 2984: 2978:(566.2 m) 2977: 2966: 2963: 2961: 2955:(581.2 m) 2954: 2946: 2943: 2941: 2935: 2932: 2930: 2920: 2917: 2915: 2907: 2904: 2902: 2891: 2888: 2886: 2884:Großer Adelberg 2875: 2872: 2870: 2866:(597.6 m) 2865: 2854: 2851: 2849: 2840: 2837: 2835: 2824: 2821: 2819: 2808: 2805: 2803: 2796: 2790:(570.2 m) 2789: 2783:(613.2 m) 2782: 2771: 2768: 2766: 2760: 2757: 2755: 2749:(513.0 m) 2748: 2737: 2734: 2732: 2731:Schlüsselfelsen 2723: 2720: 2718: 2713: 2707:(618.7 m) 2706: 2699:Drehentalerhof) 2698: 2695: 2693: 2687: 2684: 2682: 2669: 2666: 2664: 2653: 2650: 2648: 2640: 2637: 2635: 2629:(606.2 m) 2628: 2622:(635.3 m) 2621: 2615:(394.0 m) 2614: 2603: 2600: 2598: 2587: 2584: 2582: 2576:(551.9 m) 2575: 2564: 2561: 2559: 2553:(608.3 m) 2552: 2546:(637.0 m) 2545: 2534: 2531: 2529: 2523: 2520: 2518: 2509: 2503:(570.9 m) 2502: 2496:(613.6 m) 2495: 2491: 2485:(609.9 m) 2484: 2478:(661.8 m) 2477: 2469: 2466: 2464: 2458: 2455: 2453: 2442: 2439: 2437: 2431:(576.8 m) 2430: 2424:(617.8 m) 2423: 2416: 2410:(672.6 m) 2409: 2400:Schneckenhausen 2398: 2395: 2393: 2384: 2381: 2379: 2369: 2347: 2339: 2330:sea level (NHN) 2318: 2312: 2127: 2055: 2050: 2045: 2044: 2043: 2037: 2032: 2015: 2006: 1995: 1989: 1986: 1975: 1963: 1952: 1859: 1831: 1808: 1803: 1787: 1701: 1655: 1650: 1630: 1541: 1535: 1468: 1462: 1452:and, later the 1445: 1368: 1282: 1190: 1119: 1106: 1097: 1086: 1080: 1077: 1066: 1054: 1043: 955: 950: 933:Southern Wasgau 844:Leininger Sporn 750: 744: 737: 725: 716: 711: 702: 685: 676: 671: 633: 627: 618: 615: 606: 596: 587: 580: 545: 539: 530: 523: 514: 504: 495: 486: 454: 443: 437: 434: 419: 403: 392: 384:Burgundian Gate 356:Zaberner Steige 332:Landstuhl Bruch 297: 283: 247:Burgundian Gate 211: 206: 147:Palatine Forest 138: 137: 106: 66: 50:Palatine German 47: 40: 39: 31: 24: 23: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7339: 7329: 7328: 7323: 7318: 7313: 7308: 7303: 7298: 7249: 7248: 7241: 7239: 7237: 7236: 7224: 7212: 7200: 7188: 7176: 7164: 7152: 7140: 7128: 7104: 7092: 7057: 7045: 7033: 7021: 7009: 6997: 6985: 6973: 6961: 6949: 6937: 6925: 6913: 6901: 6889: 6877: 6865: 6853: 6841: 6817: 6814:Kasseler Kuppe 6805: 6793: 6781: 6769: 6761:Goshawk Forest 6757: 6745: 6733: 6721: 6686: 6674: 6662: 6650: 6641:Volcanic Eifel 6626: 6618:Egge Mountains 6614: 6606:Ebbe Mountains 6602: 6590: 6566: 6554: 6541: 6538: 6537: 6529: 6528: 6521: 6514: 6506: 6497: 6496: 6486: 6484: 6482: 6481: 6476: 6471: 6466: 6461: 6456: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6436: 6431: 6429:Rhön Mountains 6426: 6421: 6416: 6411: 6406: 6400: 6397: 6396: 6388: 6387: 6380: 6373: 6365: 6359: 6358: 6351: 6350:External links 6348: 6345: 6344: 6335: 6325: 6309: 6298: 6287: 6274: 6262: 6248: 6231: 6214: 6197: 6180: 6167: 6147: 6130: 6112: 6095: 6080: 6068: 6051: 6033: 6020: 6007: 5990: 5965: 5953: 5936: 5934:, 17 Jan 2009. 5932:Ihr Wochenende 5928:Die Rheinpfalz 5915: 5901: 5884: 5867: 5850: 5833: 5816: 5799: 5783: 5770: 5757: 5740: 5728: 5709: 5705:Elmstein Fault 5696: 5681: 5665: 5650: 5648: 5647: 5644: 5641: 5617: 5601: 5587: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5580: 5579: 5573: 5572: 5558: 5555:Germany portal 5542: 5539: 5498: 5495: 5470: 5467: 5462:Luitpold Tower 5434:Bismarck Tower 5417: 5416:Viewing towers 5414: 5409: 5408:Viewing points 5406: 5339:Main article: 5336: 5335:Walking routes 5333: 5319: 5316: 5298:mountainbiking 5276:Pferchfeldturm 5264: 5261: 5236: 5233: 5220: 5219:Wildlife parks 5217: 5128: 5125: 5042: 5039: 4989: 4986: 4983: 4982: 4941: 4939: 4932: 4926: 4923: 4867:Jungfernsprung 4764: 4763: 4722: 4720: 4713: 4707: 4704: 4699:Lemberg Castle 4634:Wilgartswiesen 4572:Hambach Castle 4553:Blondel legend 4530:Hambach Castle 4506: 4503: 4497: 4494: 4484:, such as the 4480:may be found. 4269: 4268: 4227: 4225: 4218: 4212: 4209: 4185:marsh marigold 4091: 4088: 4072:sweet chestnut 4060:alder woodland 4058:and the rarer 4032:forest history 3958: 3957: 3954: 3951: 3948: 3942: 3941: 3938: 3935: 3932: 3930:Sweet chestnut 3926: 3925: 3922: 3919: 3916: 3910: 3909: 3906: 3903: 3900: 3894: 3893: 3890: 3887: 3884: 3878: 3877: 3874: 3871: 3868: 3862: 3861: 3858: 3855: 3852: 3846: 3845: 3842: 3839: 3836: 3830: 3829: 3826: 3823: 3820: 3819:by percentage 3811: 3808: 3804:mixed woodland 3721: 3720:Forest history 3718: 3713: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3689:Sprengtrichter 3669:Main article: 3666: 3663: 3643:Bad Bergzabern 3635:Main article: 3632: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3557: 3556: 3549: 3543: 3542: 3541: 3540:(52.4 km) 3535: 3526: 3525: 3524: 3518: 3512: 3497: 3496: 3495: 3494:(49.8 km) 3489: 3486: 3485:(59.3 km) 3474: 3473: 3472: 3471:(84.1 km) 3466: 3463: 3460:Hochspeyerbach 3451: 3445: 3444: 3443: 3437: 3428: 3422: 3416: 3410: 3409: 3408: 3402: 3399: 3323: 3320: 3300:timber rafting 3261: 3258: 3228: 3225: 3194: 3191: 3189: 3186: 3183: 3182: 3175:(472.1 m) 3169: 3159:(476.7 m) 3155: 3148: 3138:(540.1 m) 3132: 3125: 3118:(368.9 m) 3114: 3107:(377.1 m) 3102: 3101: 3091:(475.8 m) 3085: 3075:(491.1 m) 3069: 3059:(564.1 m) 3053: 3046:(552.0 m) 3042: 3035: 3028:(370.0 m) 3026:Einsiedlerberg 3024: 3014:(384.0 m) 3009: 3008: 3001:(480.8 m) 2995: 2985:(498.0 m) 2979: 2972: 2968:Wilgartswiesen 2962:(553.3 m) 2956: 2949: 2942:(377.6 m) 2938: 2931:(397.0 m) 2924: 2923: 2916:(484.9 m) 2910: 2903:(512.7 m) 2897: 2887:(567.4 m) 2881: 2871:(558.9 m) 2867: 2860: 2850:(378.9 m) 2848:Gersweilerkopf 2846: 2836:(400.6 m) 2831: 2830: 2826:Klingenmünster 2820:(503.7 m) 2814: 2804:(515.0 m) 2798: 2791: 2784: 2777: 2767:(388.6 m) 2763: 2756:(402.0 m) 2751: 2750: 2743: 2733:(524.0 m) 2729: 2719:(581.3 m) 2715: 2708: 2701: 2694:(389.2 m) 2690: 2683:(443.6 m) 2676: 2675: 2665:(514.7 m) 2659: 2649:(533.1 m) 2643: 2636:(607.1 m) 2630: 2623: 2616: 2609: 2599:(446.2 m) 2594: 2593: 2577: 2570: 2560:(608.3 m) 2554: 2547: 2540: 2530:(399.6 m) 2526: 2519:(460.6 m) 2512: 2511: 2510:(53.9 m) 2504: 2497: 2486: 2479: 2472: 2465:(401.0 m) 2461: 2454:(484.0 m) 2449: 2448: 2438:(560.5 m) 2432: 2425: 2418: 2411: 2404: 2394:(419.6 m) 2390: 2380:(491.5 m) 2375: 2374: 2373:other regions 2371: 2366: 2365:other regions 2363: 2360: 2357: 2354: 2350: 2349: 2344: 2341: 2314:Main article: 2311: 2308: 2284:Bad Bergzabern 2209:Hochspeyerbach 2126: 2123: 2091:natural arches 2083:rock pinnacles 2054: 2051: 2049: 2046: 2034: 2033: 2026: 2025: 2024: 2014: 2011: 2008: 2007: 1966: 1964: 1957: 1951: 1948: 1947: 1946: 1945: 1944: 1918: 1917: 1916: 1896:Middle Bunter 1894: 1893: 1892: 1858: 1855: 1830: 1827: 1807: 1804: 1802: 1799: 1786: 1783: 1782: 1781: 1771: 1761: 1758: 1721:period of the 1700: 1697: 1654: 1651: 1649: 1646: 1629: 1626: 1610: 1609: 1608: 1607: 1597: 1596: 1595: 1589: 1588: 1587: 1537:Main article: 1534: 1531: 1486:Alfred Toepfer 1464:Main article: 1461: 1458: 1444: 1441: 1399:infrastructure 1367: 1364: 1348:Ludwig Railway 1318:Frankish house 1281: 1278: 1234:sustainability 1189: 1186: 1182:Trifels Castle 1126:Trifels Castle 1118: 1115: 1105: 1102: 1099: 1098: 1057: 1055: 1048: 1042: 1039: 954: 951: 949: 946: 945: 944: 943: 942: 941: 940: 930: 929: 928: 927:Lembach Graben 925: 919: 911:Eastern Wasgau 908: 907: 906: 903: 902: 901: 898: 892:(up to 577 m) 887: 881: 880: 879: 875:(up to 513 m) 873:Western Wasgau 865: 864: 863: 857: 856:; up to 610 m) 847: 841: 829: 828: 827: 817: 811: 806: 758:Col de Saverne 754:natural region 746:Main article: 743: 740: 739: 738: 726: 719: 717: 714:Altdahn Castle 712: 705: 703: 686: 679: 677: 672: 665: 662: 661: 635: 634: 628: 621: 619: 616: 609: 607: 597: 590: 588: 582:Highest peak: 581: 574: 571: 570: 556:Kaiserslautern 547: 546: 540: 533: 531: 527:Höningen Abbey 524: 517: 515: 505: 498: 496: 487: 480: 477: 476: 470:Kaiserslautern 456: 455: 406: 404: 397: 391: 388: 360:Vosges du Nord 313:Palatine wines 306:Kaiserslautern 282: 279: 231:central upland 210: 207: 205: 202: 116: 115: 104: 100: 99: 96: 92: 91: 90:Administration 87: 86: 77: 73: 72: 68: 67: 64: 56: 55: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7338: 7327: 7324: 7322: 7319: 7317: 7314: 7312: 7309: 7307: 7304: 7302: 7299: 7297: 7294: 7293: 7291: 7284: 7281: 7245: 7235: 7234: 7230: 7229: 7225: 7223: 7222: 7218: 7217: 7213: 7211: 7210: 7206: 7205: 7201: 7199: 7198: 7194: 7193: 7189: 7187: 7186: 7182: 7181: 7177: 7175: 7174: 7170: 7169: 7165: 7163: 7162: 7158: 7157: 7153: 7151: 7150: 7146: 7145: 7141: 7139: 7138: 7134: 7133: 7129: 7126: 7125: 7121: 7120: 7115: 7114: 7110: 7109: 7105: 7103: 7102: 7098: 7097: 7093: 7090: 7089: 7088:Lausche (Luž) 7085: 7084: 7079: 7078: 7077:Lausche (Luž) 7074: 7073: 7068: 7067: 7066:Lausche (Luž) 7063: 7062: 7058: 7056: 7055: 7051: 7050: 7046: 7044: 7043: 7039: 7038: 7034: 7032: 7031: 7030:Großer Ölberg 7027: 7026: 7025:Siebengebirge 7022: 7020: 7019: 7015: 7014: 7010: 7008: 7007: 7003: 7002: 6998: 6996: 6995: 6991: 6990: 6986: 6984: 6983: 6979: 6978: 6974: 6972: 6971: 6967: 6966: 6965:Ore Mountains 6962: 6960: 6959: 6955: 6954: 6950: 6948: 6947: 6943: 6942: 6938: 6936: 6935: 6931: 6930: 6929:Lippe Uplands 6926: 6924: 6923: 6919: 6918: 6914: 6912: 6911: 6907: 6906: 6902: 6900: 6899: 6895: 6894: 6890: 6888: 6887: 6883: 6882: 6878: 6876: 6875: 6871: 6870: 6866: 6864: 6863: 6859: 6858: 6854: 6852: 6851: 6847: 6846: 6842: 6839: 6838: 6834: 6833: 6828: 6827: 6823: 6822: 6818: 6816: 6815: 6811: 6810: 6809:Hoher Meißner 6806: 6804: 6803: 6799: 6798: 6794: 6792: 6791: 6787: 6786: 6782: 6780: 6779: 6775: 6774: 6770: 6768: 6767: 6763: 6762: 6758: 6756: 6755: 6751: 6750: 6746: 6744: 6743: 6739: 6738: 6734: 6732: 6731: 6727: 6726: 6722: 6719: 6718: 6714: 6713: 6708: 6707: 6703: 6702: 6697: 6696: 6692: 6691: 6687: 6685: 6684: 6680: 6679: 6675: 6673: 6672: 6668: 6667: 6663: 6661: 6660: 6656: 6655: 6651: 6648: 6647: 6643: 6642: 6637: 6636: 6632: 6631: 6627: 6625: 6624: 6620: 6619: 6615: 6613: 6612: 6608: 6607: 6603: 6601: 6600: 6596: 6595: 6591: 6588: 6587: 6583: 6582: 6577: 6576: 6572: 6571: 6567: 6565: 6564: 6560: 6559: 6555: 6553: 6552: 6548: 6547: 6543: 6542: 6539: 6534: 6527: 6522: 6520: 6515: 6513: 6508: 6507: 6504: 6490: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6464:Upper Lusatia 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6401: 6398: 6393: 6386: 6381: 6379: 6374: 6372: 6367: 6366: 6363: 6357: 6354: 6353: 6339: 6329: 6322: 6318: 6313: 6307: 6302: 6296: 6291: 6284: 6278: 6271: 6266: 6259: 6258: 6252: 6245: 6241: 6235: 6228: 6224: 6218: 6211: 6207: 6201: 6194: 6190: 6184: 6177: 6171: 6164: 6158: 6156: 6154: 6152: 6144: 6140: 6134: 6128: 6126: 6119: 6117: 6109: 6105: 6099: 6092: 6091: 6084: 6077: 6072: 6065: 6061: 6055: 6048: 6044: 6043: 6037: 6030: 6024: 6017: 6011: 6004: 6000: 5994: 5987: 5983: 5979: 5976: 5975: 5969: 5962: 5957: 5950: 5946: 5940: 5933: 5929: 5925: 5919: 5912: 5911: 5905: 5898: 5894: 5888: 5881: 5877: 5871: 5864: 5860: 5857:Roland Paul. 5854: 5847: 5843: 5837: 5830: 5826: 5820: 5813: 5811: 5803: 5796: 5790: 5788: 5780: 5774: 5767: 5761: 5754: 5750: 5744: 5738: 5732: 5726: 5722: 5718: 5713: 5706: 5700: 5694: 5692: 5685: 5678: 5674: 5669: 5663: 5661: 5654: 5645: 5642: 5639: 5638: 5635: 5634:Online-Karten 5631: 5629: 5621: 5614: 5612: 5605: 5598: 5592: 5588: 5578: 5575: 5574: 5570: 5564: 5559: 5556: 5545: 5538: 5536: 5532: 5528: 5524: 5520: 5516: 5512: 5508: 5504: 5494: 5492: 5488: 5484: 5480: 5476: 5466: 5463: 5459: 5455: 5451: 5447: 5443: 5439: 5435: 5431: 5430:Eckkopf Tower 5422: 5413: 5405: 5403: 5399: 5395: 5391: 5387: 5383: 5379: 5375: 5371: 5367: 5362: 5356: 5355:Lambertskreuz 5352: 5347: 5342: 5332: 5330: 5326: 5315: 5313: 5310:rocks in the 5309: 5305: 5301: 5299: 5295: 5292:In 2005, the 5290: 5288: 5284: 5277: 5273: 5269: 5260: 5258: 5254: 5250: 5246: 5242: 5232: 5230: 5229:Kurpfalz Park 5226: 5216: 5213: 5209: 5204: 5202: 5198: 5194: 5189: 5187: 5182: 5177: 5175: 5171: 5167: 5163: 5162: 5158:, a heritage 5157: 5153: 5144: 5138: 5133: 5124: 5121: 5117: 5113: 5108: 5106: 5102: 5098: 5093: 5091: 5090:Salian Empire 5087: 5083: 5079: 5075: 5071: 5066: 5064: 5060: 5056: 5051: 5049: 5038: 5036: 5032: 5028: 5027:treetop trail 5024: 5020: 5016: 5012: 5008: 5007:Johanniskreuz 5004: 4994: 4979: 4976: 4968: 4958: 4954: 4948: 4947: 4942:This section 4940: 4936: 4931: 4930: 4922: 4920: 4916: 4912: 4908: 4904: 4900: 4896: 4895:themed trails 4891: 4888: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4872: 4868: 4864: 4863:Devil's Table 4860: 4855: 4853: 4849: 4845: 4841: 4840:Geomorphology 4837: 4832: 4830: 4829:Obersteinbach 4826: 4822: 4818: 4814: 4810: 4805: 4803: 4799: 4795: 4790: 4789:Johanniskreuz 4786: 4782: 4775: 4774:Devil's Table 4770: 4760: 4757: 4749: 4739: 4735: 4729: 4728: 4723:This section 4721: 4717: 4712: 4711: 4703: 4700: 4695: 4693: 4689: 4685: 4681: 4677: 4672: 4670: 4666: 4662: 4658: 4654: 4650: 4646: 4642: 4637: 4635: 4631: 4627: 4623: 4619: 4615: 4611: 4607: 4603: 4599: 4595: 4591: 4587: 4585: 4581: 4577: 4573: 4568: 4566: 4562: 4558: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4538: 4531: 4527: 4521:in the Wasgau 4520: 4516: 4513:The occupied 4511: 4502: 4493: 4491: 4487: 4483: 4479: 4475: 4471: 4467: 4463: 4459: 4455: 4451: 4447: 4446:brook lamprey 4443: 4439: 4433: 4430: 4426: 4422: 4418: 4414: 4410: 4406: 4402: 4394: 4389: 4385: 4383: 4382:Böhämmer-Jagd 4379: 4375: 4371: 4367: 4363: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4343: 4339: 4335: 4330: 4328: 4327:Eurasian lynx 4324: 4320: 4316: 4312: 4308: 4304: 4300: 4296: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4280: 4276: 4265: 4262: 4254: 4244: 4240: 4234: 4233: 4228:This section 4226: 4222: 4217: 4216: 4208: 4206: 4205:marsh meadows 4202: 4198: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4158: 4154: 4150: 4146: 4142: 4140: 4136: 4132: 4128: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4100: 4096: 4087: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4067: 4065: 4061: 4057: 4053: 4048: 4043: 4041: 4037: 4036:Waldleiningen 4033: 4029: 4028:autochthonous 4024: 4015: 4011: 4009: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3993: 3989: 3985: 3984:Johanniskreuz 3981: 3977: 3972: 3970: 3965: 3947: 3944: 3943: 3931: 3928: 3927: 3915: 3912: 3911: 3899: 3896: 3895: 3883: 3880: 3879: 3867: 3864: 3863: 3851: 3848: 3847: 3835: 3832: 3831: 3827: 3824: 3821: 3816: 3815: 3807: 3805: 3801: 3797: 3796:Weymouth pine 3793: 3789: 3784: 3780: 3774: 3771: 3767: 3763: 3759: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3743: 3739: 3731: 3726: 3717: 3704: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3672: 3671:Pechsteinkopf 3662: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3644: 3638: 3623: 3621: 3618:southeast of 3617: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3588:Johanniskreuz 3585: 3581: 3577: 3572: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3554: 3550: 3547: 3544: 3539: 3536: 3533: 3532: 3530: 3527: 3522: 3519: 3516: 3513: 3510: 3507: 3506: 3505: 3501: 3498: 3493: 3490: 3487: 3484: 3481: 3480: 3478: 3475: 3470: 3467: 3464: 3461: 3458: 3457: 3455: 3452: 3449: 3446: 3441: 3438: 3435: 3432: 3431: 3429: 3426: 3423: 3420: 3417: 3414: 3413:(Wald-)Lauter 3411: 3406: 3403: 3400: 3397: 3394: 3393: 3391: 3388: 3387: 3386: 3379: 3375: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3357: 3353: 3349: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3319: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3305: 3301: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3288: 3283: 3279: 3271: 3266: 3257: 3255: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3224: 3222: 3218: 3217: 3212: 3208: 3199: 3173: 3170: 3166: 3156: 3152: 3149: 3145: 3136: 3133: 3129: 3126: 3115: 3104: 3103: 3098: 3089: 3086: 3082: 3073: 3070: 3066: 3057: 3054: 3049:(northwest of 3043: 3039: 3036: 3031:(northeast of 3025: 3021: 3011: 3010: 2999: 2996: 2992: 2983: 2980: 2976: 2973: 2969: 2960: 2957: 2953: 2950: 2939: 2929: 2926: 2925: 2914: 2911: 2901: 2898: 2894: 2885: 2882: 2878: 2868: 2864: 2861: 2857: 2847: 2843: 2833: 2832: 2827: 2818: 2815: 2811: 2802: 2799: 2797:(571 m) 2795: 2792: 2788: 2785: 2781: 2778: 2774: 2764: 2753: 2752: 2747: 2746:Großer Eyberg 2744: 2740: 2730: 2726: 2716: 2712: 2709: 2705: 2702: 2697:(northwest of 2691: 2681: 2678: 2677: 2672: 2663: 2660: 2656: 2647: 2644: 2641:Sankt Martin) 2634: 2631: 2627: 2624: 2620: 2617: 2613: 2610: 2606: 2596: 2595: 2590: 2581: 2580:Schletterberg 2578: 2574: 2571: 2567: 2558: 2555: 2551: 2548: 2544: 2541: 2537: 2527: 2517: 2514: 2513: 2508: 2505: 2501: 2498: 2490: 2487: 2483: 2480: 2476: 2473: 2462: 2451: 2450: 2445: 2436: 2433: 2429: 2426: 2422: 2419: 2415: 2412: 2408: 2405: 2401: 2391: 2387: 2377: 2376: 2372: 2367: 2364: 2362:Frankenweide 2361: 2358: 2355: 2352: 2351: 2336: 2333: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2317: 2307: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2288:Großer Eyberg 2285: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2256: 2252: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2205: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2174:Johanniskreuz 2171: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2142: 2136: 2131: 2122: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2095:Devil's Table 2092: 2088: 2084: 2079: 2077: 2073: 2064: 2059: 2041: 2036: 2030: 2023: 2021: 2004: 2001: 1993: 1983: 1979: 1973: 1972: 1967:This section 1965: 1961: 1956: 1955: 1950:Geomorphology 1942: 1938: 1937:clay minerals 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1921: 1920:Upper Bunter 1919: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1897: 1895: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1877: 1876:Lower Bunter 1875: 1874: 1871: 1866: 1862: 1854: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1826: 1824: 1820: 1812: 1798: 1796: 1792: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1759: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1747: 1746: 1743: 1741: 1736: 1732: 1731:Earth's crust 1728: 1724: 1720: 1713: 1709: 1708:Cross-bedding 1705: 1696: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1660: 1645: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1625: 1623: 1617: 1615: 1605: 1601: 1600: 1598: 1593: 1592: 1591:Buffer zones 1590: 1585: 1584: 1582: 1581: 1580: 1576: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1558: 1553: 1545: 1540: 1530: 1528: 1524: 1519: 1517: 1516:mixed forests 1513: 1510: 1506: 1501: 1497: 1495: 1489: 1487: 1479: 1478: 1472: 1467: 1457: 1455: 1451: 1440: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1421: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1406:globalization 1402: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1377: 1372: 1363: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1328: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1291: 1286: 1277: 1275: 1274:resin burners 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1185: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1114: 1112: 1095: 1092: 1084: 1074: 1070: 1064: 1063: 1058:This section 1056: 1052: 1047: 1046: 1038: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1011: 1009: 1006:, later also 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 983: 980: 976: 972: 968: 967:Johanniskreuz 964: 960: 938: 934: 931: 926: 924:(up to 529 m) 923: 920: 918:(up to 562 m) 917: 914: 913: 912: 909: 904: 899: 897: 894: 893: 891: 888: 885: 884: 882: 877: 876: 874: 871: 870: 869: 866: 862:(up to 673 m) 861: 858: 855: 851: 848: 846:(up to 516 m) 845: 842: 839: 836: 835: 833: 830: 825: 821: 818: 815: 812: 807: 804: 803: 802: 798: 797: 796: 793: 792: 787: 783: 780: 778: 774: 770: 765: 763: 759: 755: 749: 736: 732: 731: 723: 718: 715: 709: 704: 701: 700:rock climbers 697: 693: 690: 683: 678: 675: 669: 664: 663: 659: 655: 651: 647: 646: 641: 637: 636: 632: 631:motorcyclists 625: 620: 613: 608: 605: 601: 594: 589: 585: 578: 573: 572: 569: 565: 561: 557: 553: 549: 548: 544: 537: 532: 528: 521: 516: 513: 509: 502: 497: 494: 490: 484: 479: 478: 475: 474:Bad Duerkheim 471: 467: 463: 462: 461: 452: 449: 441: 431: 427: 423: 417: 416: 412: 407:This section 405: 401: 396: 395: 387: 385: 381: 377: 373: 369: 365: 361: 357: 352: 350: 346: 341: 335: 333: 329: 324: 322: 318: 314: 309: 307: 303: 295: 291: 286: 278: 276: 272: 268: 264: 260: 256: 252: 249:(on the line 248: 244: 240: 236: 232: 228: 225:south of the 224: 215: 201: 199: 195: 192:it forms the 191: 187: 182: 180: 176: 172: 168: 164: 160: 156: 152: 148: 141: 135: 131: 127: 123: 113: 110:.pfaelzerwald 105: 101: 97: 93: 88: 85: 81: 78: 74: 69: 62: 57: 51: 44: 35: 28: 20: 7253: 7231: 7228:Wiehen Hills 7226: 7219: 7214: 7207: 7202: 7195: 7190: 7183: 7178: 7171: 7166: 7159: 7154: 7147: 7142: 7135: 7130: 7124:Hoher Randen 7122: 7117: 7111: 7108:Swabian Jura 7106: 7099: 7094: 7086: 7081: 7075: 7070: 7064: 7059: 7052: 7047: 7040: 7035: 7028: 7023: 7016: 7011: 7004: 6999: 6992: 6987: 6980: 6975: 6968: 6963: 6958:Katzenbuckel 6956: 6951: 6944: 6939: 6932: 6927: 6920: 6915: 6908: 6903: 6896: 6891: 6884: 6879: 6872: 6867: 6860: 6855: 6848: 6843: 6835: 6830: 6824: 6819: 6812: 6807: 6800: 6795: 6788: 6783: 6776: 6771: 6764: 6759: 6752: 6747: 6740: 6735: 6728: 6723: 6715: 6710: 6704: 6699: 6693: 6688: 6683:Kapellenberg 6681: 6676: 6671:Eilumer Horn 6669: 6664: 6657: 6652: 6644: 6639: 6633: 6628: 6621: 6616: 6609: 6604: 6597: 6592: 6586:Großer Arber 6584: 6579: 6575:Großer Arber 6573: 6568: 6561: 6558:Black Forest 6556: 6549: 6544: 6454:Swabian Jura 6423: 6409:Black Forest 6338: 6328: 6320: 6312: 6301: 6290: 6282: 6277: 6265: 6256: 6251: 6243: 6239: 6234: 6226: 6222: 6217: 6209: 6205: 6200: 6192: 6188: 6183: 6175: 6170: 6161:Geo-Portal: 6142: 6138: 6133: 6124: 6107: 6103: 6098: 6089: 6083: 6071: 6063: 6059: 6054: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6028: 6023: 6015: 6010: 6002: 5998: 5993: 5985: 5973: 5968: 5956: 5948: 5944: 5939: 5931: 5923: 5918: 5909: 5904: 5896: 5892: 5887: 5875: 5870: 5862: 5858: 5853: 5845: 5841: 5836: 5828: 5824: 5819: 5810:Luitpoldturm 5807: 5802: 5794: 5778: 5773: 5765: 5760: 5752: 5748: 5743: 5731: 5712: 5699: 5690: 5684: 5676: 5668: 5659: 5653: 5625: 5620: 5609: 5604: 5596: 5591: 5569:Trees portal 5519:Scharfenberg 5500: 5483:Albersweiler 5472: 5427: 5411: 5402:Club Vosgien 5401: 5393: 5389: 5381: 5377: 5374:themed walks 5369: 5363: 5359: 5321: 5302: 5291: 5280: 5275: 5257:Teufelsstein 5241:Rietburgbahn 5238: 5222: 5205: 5196: 5190: 5178: 5159: 5149: 5115: 5109: 5094: 5073: 5067: 5058: 5052: 5047: 5044: 4999: 4971: 4962: 4951:Please help 4946:verification 4943: 4910: 4906: 4902: 4898: 4892: 4856: 4833: 4821:Stürzelbronn 4806: 4778: 4752: 4743: 4732:Please help 4727:verification 4724: 4696: 4673: 4649:Neuleiningen 4645:Altleiningen 4638: 4630:Wilgartaburg 4610:rock castles 4601: 4588: 4569: 4560: 4534: 4519:Berwartstein 4499: 4476:und various 4454:spined loach 4434: 4398: 4381: 4370:capercaillie 4366:hazel grouse 4331: 4272: 4257: 4248: 4237:Please help 4232:verification 4229: 4197:eared willow 4173:bog pondweed 4143: 4104: 4068: 4044: 4020: 3978:rather than 3973: 3961: 3775: 3735: 3715: 3688: 3674: 3640: 3615: 3611: 3573: 3558: 3384: 3339: 3325: 3303: 3291: 3285: 3275: 3246:fissure flow 3230: 3220: 3214: 3204: 3112:Sippersfeld) 3105:Pfrimmerberg 2998:Stäffelsberg 2908:Leinsweiler) 2817:Treutelsberg 2780:Blättersberg 2754:Schorlenberg 2612:Queitersberg 2566:Sankt Martin 2557:Morschenberg 2516:Kieskautberg 2378:Leuchtenberg 2319: 2261: 2232: 2224: 2206: 2158:Frankenweide 2153: 2143: 2140: 2080: 2071: 2068: 2063:Lämmerfelsen 2062: 2016: 1996: 1987: 1976:Please help 1971:verification 1968: 1908: 1860: 1832: 1817: 1788: 1775:fault blocks 1744: 1716: 1675: 1671: 1664:Rotliegendes 1656: 1631: 1618: 1613: 1611: 1577: 1562: 1556: 1522: 1520: 1512:monocultures 1502: 1498: 1490: 1483: 1475: 1446: 1422: 1410:unemployment 1403: 1380: 1360:Ludwigshafen 1327:Haufendörfer 1325: 1295: 1246:wood pasture 1191: 1178:Hohenstaufen 1160:such as the 1135: 1107: 1087: 1078: 1067:Please help 1062:verification 1059: 1022: 1014: 1012: 1003: 999: 995: 984: 978: 958: 956: 932: 910: 895: 872: 854:Frankenweide 849: 831: 823: 820:Queitersberg 800: 794: 781: 766: 751: 742:Subdivisions 730:Teufelstisch 728: 643: 639: 586:(673 m) 560:Bad Dürkheim 551: 493:Bad Dürkheim 491:Castle near 465: 459: 444: 435: 420:Please help 408: 376:Black Forest 363: 359: 353: 336: 325: 310: 302:Rotliegendes 298:686.5 m 287: 284: 220: 196:-designated 183: 146: 121: 119: 7275: / 7204:Weser Hills 7185:Kreuzfelsen 7042:Große Blöße 6994:Wasserkuppe 6970:Fichtelberg 6946:Donnersberg 6886:Wüstegarten 6857:Kaiserstuhl 6837:Ellerspring 6802:Bloße Zelle 6551:Einödriegel 6419:Middle Elbe 5523:Lindelbrunn 5501:Whilst the 5475:Drachenfels 5454:Schindhübel 5450:Steigerkopf 5398:Vosges Club 5386:Heltersberg 4657:Gräfenstein 4614:Drachenfels 4515:rock castle 4482:Dragonflies 4458:stone loach 4442:brown trout 4413:butterflies 4319:pine marten 4193:grey willow 4189:meadowsweet 4135:Blueberries 4107:acidophilic 4078:) like the 4076:temperature 4008:wood veneer 3980:English oak 3976:sessile oak 3914:Douglas fir 3800:Douglas fir 3679:), so that 3647:Frankweiler 3500:Michelsbach 3401:Schwarzbach 3390:Schwarzbach 3344:Schwarzbach 3308:Gelterswoog 3296:impoundment 3234:groundwater 3180:Eppenbrunn) 3141:(südwest of 3135:Spitze Boll 3081:Wieslautern 3044:Staufelkopf 3012:Klauserkopf 3006:Dörrenbach) 2982:Kappelstein 2863:Teufelsberg 2842:Sippersfeld 2794:Drachenfels 2711:Schindhübel 2655:Leinsweiler 2633:Rotsohlberg 2602:(südeast of 2589:Waldhambach 2533:(südwest of 2489:Steigerkopf 2468:(südeast of 2463:Andreasberg 2370:Felsenland 2353:Stumpfwald 2225:Stoppelkopf 2217:Drachenfels 2186:Schwarzbach 2150:Steigerkopf 2119:blockfields 2115:felsenmeers 1883:and little 1681:muschelkalk 1614:Stillezonen 1583:Core areas 1460:Nature park 1336:paper mills 1262:lumberjacks 1168:(1144) and 1158:monasteries 1146:Middle Ages 1023:Pfälzerwald 1004:Wasigenwald 959:Pfälzerwald 694:rocks near 529:(1120–1569) 382:. Only the 364:Nordvogesen 340:muschelkalk 317:Weinstrasse 294:Donnersberg 273:, e.g. the 271:muschelkalk 267:Donnersberg 181:(672.6 m). 167:nature park 130:Pfälzerwald 95:Established 27:Pfälzerwald 7290:Categories 7260:49°17′33″N 7221:Fuchskaute 7216:Westerwald 7192:Vogelsberg 7006:Langenberg 6910:Kulpenberg 6905:Kyffhäuser 6881:Kellerwald 6874:Hirschberg 6766:Hohes Gras 6742:Dürrenberg 6695:Schneeberg 6535:of Germany 6479:Wadden Sea 6394:in Germany 5930:, Beilage 5910:Exposition 5747:Kurt Reh: 5583:References 5537:section). 5527:Wegelnburg 5382:Brunnenweg 5247:hill near 5212:Nothweiler 5116:inter alia 5114:contains, 5009:(see also 4883:Asselstein 4848:Scots pine 4817:Eppenbrunn 4785:Trippstadt 4688:Grafendahn 4665:Erfenstein 4653:Hardenburg 4626:Falkenburg 4606:Wegelnburg 4602:Hans Trapp 4415:and other 4401:amphibians 4342:kingfisher 4139:cowberries 4131:royal fern 4119:pill sedge 4080:grape vine 4047:silver fir 4000:Eppenbrunn 3992:Weißenberg 3946:Silver fir 3712:Vegetation 3620:Eppenbrunn 3600:Hortenkopf 3534:Wieslauter 3465:Speyerbach 3454:Speyerbach 3340:Wieslauter 3328:Speyerbach 3312:Clausensee 3165:Schwanheim 3123:Erlenbach) 3097:Eppenbrunn 3072:Jüngstberg 3056:Almersberg 2991:Nothweiler 2959:Katzenkopf 2947:Otterberg) 2936:Alsenborn) 2921:Fischbach) 2900:Wetterberg 2877:Hofstätten 2869:Blosenberg 2761:Alsenborn) 2717:Hermeskopf 2688:Carlsberg) 2646:Förlenberg 2626:Hortenkopf 2597:Heidenberg 2524:Carlsberg) 2500:Wegelnburg 2493:(Schänzel) 2482:Weißenberg 2475:Kesselberg 2459:Carlsberg) 2444:Dörrenbach 2435:Hohe Derst 2392:Heidenkopf 2328:(m) above 2304:Eppenbrunn 2280:Hohe Derst 2276:Nothweiler 2272:Wegelnburg 2245:Deidesheim 2213:Speyerbach 2198:Wieslauter 2178:Hauenstein 2170:Hochspeyer 2166:Weißenberg 2076:Kesselberg 2072:Bergklötze 1933:carbonates 1851:Stumpfwald 1719:Palaeogene 1693:Cretaceous 1672:inter alia 1622:Wieslauter 1509:coniferous 1425:recreation 1376:Hauenstein 1206:The Plague 1164:abbeys of 1162:Cistercian 1136:After the 814:Stumpfwald 489:Hardenburg 281:Boundaries 245:) to the 235:Winnweiler 209:Topography 159:Palatinate 80:Palatinate 43:Pälzerwald 7263:7°52′36″E 7233:Heidbrink 7197:Taufstein 7149:Barnacken 7101:Hohe Egge 6934:Köterberg 6898:Eisenberg 6862:Totenkopf 6826:Erbeskopf 6790:Griesberg 6754:Angelburg 6730:Döbraberg 6701:Steinwald 6646:Ernstberg 6635:Hohe Acht 6611:Nordhelle 6449:Spreewald 6439:Schaalsee 5737:Madenburg 5723:valleys, 5479:Orensfels 5400:(French: 5308:sandstone 5249:Edenkoben 5170:Transport 5101:Pirmasens 5097:Dynamikum 5019:Fischbach 4965:June 2019 4871:Hochstein 4825:Fischbach 4746:June 2019 4661:Merzalben 4618:Busenberg 4594:Erlenbach 4563:) of the 4545:Annweiler 4421:wood ants 4378:chaffinch 4374:brambling 4358:stonechat 4295:wild boar 4285:like the 4251:June 2019 4127:deer fern 3996:Fischbach 3616:Erlenkopf 3596:Mosisberg 3521:Otterbach 3515:Erlenbach 3509:Klingbach 3504:Otterbach 3469:Modenbach 3372:Modenbach 3178:(south of 3172:Erlenkopf 3157:Wolfshorn 3088:Hohe List 3062:(north of 3017:(north of 2988:(south of 2965:(north of 2952:Orensberg 2919:(north of 2893:Annweiler 2890:(north of 2856:Erlenbach 2834:Bocksrück 2810:Fischbach 2807:(south of 2773:Otterberg 2770:(north of 2765:Bruchberg 2722:(north of 2704:Hohe Loog 2680:Hohe Bühl 2605:Alsenborn 2586:(north of 2573:Hohenberg 2528:Eulenkopf 2522:(south of 2457:(south of 2452:Steinkopf 2421:Schafkopf 2414:Mosisberg 2386:Carlsberg 2383:(south of 2338:Lower, or 2300:Erlenkopf 2296:Hohe List 2107:overhangs 2103:fractures 2065:near Dahn 1990:June 2019 1913:sediments 1835:sandstone 1801:Structure 1638:Zechstein 1527:Lambrecht 1494:log house 1340:Pirmasens 1332:New World 1314:Mennonite 1290:Bobenthal 1170:Eußerthal 1166:Otterberg 1081:June 2019 957:The name 692:sandstone 689:Hochstein 650:Pirmasens 564:Pirmasens 543:Eisenberg 438:June 2019 409:does not 390:Structure 380:Kraichgau 239:Börrstadt 204:Geography 71:Geography 7049:Spessart 6953:Odenwald 6832:Soonwald 6821:Hunsrück 6712:Kohlwald 6563:Feldberg 6414:Bliesgau 6139:Der Wald 5978:Archived 5880:Spessart 5541:See also 5503:Rietburg 5458:Eschkopf 5446:Schänzel 5442:Odenwald 5304:Climbers 5272:Climbers 5245:Rietburg 5161:Feldbahn 4919:climbers 4844:heathers 4781:Karlstal 4692:Tanstein 4628:and the 4612:include 4584:Ludwig I 4462:grayling 4429:antlions 4405:reptiles 4354:whinchat 4346:wheatear 4291:red deer 4287:roe deer 4169:bog bean 4161:bog arum 3988:Eschkopf 3969:woodrush 3730:Karlstal 3655:Leistadt 3626:Features 3592:Eschkopf 3546:Saarbach 3483:Wellbach 3368:Hainbach 3360:Saarbach 3278:wetlands 3162:(west of 3151:Rahnfels 3121:(east of 3116:Sulzberg 3110:(east of 3094:(east of 3078:(east of 3065:Rinnthal 3038:Weinbiet 3004:(west of 2945:(east of 2934:(east of 2906:(west of 2874:(west of 2853:(east of 2839:(west of 2823:(west of 2787:Bloskülb 2759:(east of 2736:(east of 2692:Backofen 2686:(west of 2668:(east of 2652:(west of 2639:(west of 2619:Hochberg 2563:(west of 2550:Eschkopf 2536:Potzbach 2441:(west of 2397:(east of 2286:and the 2249:Rahnfels 2237:Weinbiet 2233:Hausberg 2219:and the 2194:Merzalbe 2162:Eschkopf 2154:Schänzel 1941:Holzland 1901:Karlstal 1885:feldspar 1819:Gneisses 1723:Cenozoic 1689:Jurassic 1657:In the 1505:biotopes 1387:economic 1310:Huguenot 1152:and the 1150:nobility 1138:Frankish 1019:Alsatian 922:Hochwald 372:Odenwald 255:Ronchamp 243:Göllheim 76:Location 7113:Lemberg 7061:Sudetes 7037:Solling 7018:Himberg 6594:Deister 5988:2/2009. 5721:Eisbach 5535:Castles 5511:Trifels 5497:Castles 5448:on the 5318:Walking 5201:Ramberg 5086:Trifels 5041:Museums 5021:in the 4915:Walking 4836:Geology 4684:Altdahn 4667:in the 4592:, near 4541:Trifels 4505:Castles 4417:insects 4409:beetles 4307:polecat 4279:mammals 4145:Heather 4064:Climate 3738:ice age 3707:Biology 3697:volcano 3651:Hambach 3608:Lemberg 3561:Moselle 3492:Eisbach 3448:Isenach 3440:Eckbach 3434:Eisbach 3405:Moosalb 3364:Isenach 3362:or the 3356:Moselle 3316:Eiswoog 3270:Eiswoog 3242:fissure 3128:Eckkopf 2928:Eiskopf 2801:Maimont 2739:Schönau 2725:Ramberg 2543:Roßberg 2428:Rehberg 2359:Haardt 2268:Rehberg 2241:Eckkopf 2235:), the 2229:Isenach 2190:Moosalb 2040:Rehberg 2020:cuestas 1806:Bedrock 1791:Neogene 1769:troughs 1740:rifting 1659:Permian 1642:erosion 1628:Geology 1477:Rehberg 1429:leisure 1395:service 1344:railway 1270:rafters 1242:bedding 1238:foliage 1222:farming 1202:disease 992:Vosegus 948:History 656:to the 508:Eiswoog 430:removed 415:sources 345:Lemberg 251:Belfort 155:Germany 149:, is a 103:Website 84:Germany 7132:Taunus 7119:Randen 7096:Süntel 6982:Kalmit 6922:Homert 6706:Platte 5926:. In: 5717:Queich 5515:Anebos 5505:above 5487:Wasgau 5287:trails 5283:hiking 5156:Ramsen 5082:Salian 5078:Speyer 5023:Wasgau 4869:, the 4809:Lauter 4496:Sights 4474:burbot 4450:minnow 4338:hoopoe 4311:weasel 4303:badger 4084:Haardt 4040:Bitche 3964:Haardt 3866:Spruce 3828:Trend 3788:spruce 3732:valley 3701:basalt 3659:Haardt 3637:Haardt 3578:, the 3529:Lauter 3488:Queich 3477:Queich 3425:Pfrimm 3419:Alsenz 3396:Rodalb 3370:, the 3336:Lauter 3334:, the 3332:Queich 3330:, the 3322:Rivers 3238:joints 3020:Ramsen 2407:Kalmit 2368:Wasgau 2326:metres 2294:. The 2202:Leimen 2146:Kalmit 2135:Kalmit 1881:quartz 1823:slates 1779:faults 1765:swells 1751:dogger 1735:mantle 1685:keuper 1676:bunter 1565:UNESCO 1306:Swabia 1258:potash 1230:forest 1210:famine 1208:) and 1204:(e.g. 1174:Salian 1154:church 1132:empire 1130:Salian 1035:UNESCO 1015:Wasgen 1008:Wasgau 1000:Wasgen 996:Vosges 988:Vosges 868:Wasgau 860:Haardt 762:Vosges 658:French 654:Landau 645:Wasgau 600:Haardt 584:Kalmit 568:Landau 512:Ramsen 368:Vosges 319:. The 227:French 223:Vosges 194:UNESCO 190:France 179:Kalmit 171:German 126:German 82:, 46: 34:German 30: 6893:Knüll 6630:Eifel 6599:Bröhn 6434:Rügen 6333:paths 6001:.In: 5507:Rhodt 5481:near 5384:near 5351:cairn 5199:) in 5168:(see 5076:) in 5017:near 4794:Flora 4678:near 4659:near 4632:near 4616:near 4543:near 4466:perch 4334:birds 4211:Fauna 4177:reeds 4153:broom 3898:Larch 3850:Beech 3825:2008 3822:1959 3792:larch 3770:beech 3766:beech 3754:hazel 3750:birch 3681:magma 3553:Moder 3348:Blies 3304:woogs 3292:woogs 3287:woogs 3221:woogs 2087:caves 1839:shale 1837:, of 1567:as a 1302:Tyrol 1254:glass 1218:sandy 937:Moder 506:Lake 349:Moder 6989:Rhön 6797:Hils 6773:Harz 6474:Vilm 5808:Der 5719:and 5517:and 5239:The 5179:The 5095:The 5068:The 5053:The 4879:Dahn 4838:and 4827:and 4779:The 4772:The 4690:and 4647:and 4470:pike 4456:and 4444:and 4438:fish 4403:and 4391:The 4376:and 4368:and 4356:and 4325:and 4315:bats 4293:and 4199:and 4187:and 4171:and 4151:and 4121:and 4045:The 4023:pine 3998:and 3990:and 3834:Pine 3798:and 3762:lime 3760:and 3748:and 3746:pine 3657:and 3649:and 3594:and 3574:The 3569:Glan 3565:Nahe 3354:and 3352:Saar 3338:(or 3282:bogs 3268:The 3240:and 3216:woog 2292:Dahn 2188:and 2172:via 2133:The 2117:and 2109:and 1935:and 1929:mica 1889:mica 1887:and 1843:marl 1841:and 1821:and 1767:and 1755:lias 1727:Alps 1474:The 1427:and 1412:and 1389:and 1356:BASF 1350:and 1312:and 1304:and 1256:and 1250:iron 953:Name 775:and 727:The 696:Dahn 687:The 638:The 598:The 550:The 464:The 413:any 411:cite 374:and 326:The 259:Lure 241:and 237:via 120:The 98:1998 6845:Ith 6666:Elm 5392:or 5210:in 5154:at 5099:in 5050:). 5005:in 4955:by 4736:by 4539:of 4517:of 4299:Fox 4241:by 3882:Oak 3870:11 3857:35 3854:28 3841:34 3838:44 3758:oak 2211:to 2176:to 1980:by 1358:at 1324:or 1240:as 1071:by 1033:by 1002:or 652:to 566:to 472:to 424:by 362:or 277:). 188:in 112:.de 108:www 7292:: 7091:)) 6709:, 6319:, 6150:^ 6115:^ 5786:^ 5513:, 5349:A 5314:. 5289:. 5188:) 4831:. 4823:, 4819:, 4804:) 4686:, 4671:. 4636:. 4624:, 4586:. 4472:, 4468:, 4464:, 4452:, 4411:, 4352:, 4348:, 4344:, 4340:, 4321:, 4317:, 4309:, 4305:, 4301:, 4297:. 4289:, 4195:, 4183:, 4179:, 4167:, 4163:, 4141:. 4117:, 4113:, 3986:, 3956:= 3953:1 3950:1 3940:= 3937:1 3934:1 3924:+ 3921:6 3918:2 3908:− 3905:3 3902:4 3892:+ 3889:9 3886:7 3876:− 3873:9 3860:+ 3844:− 3794:, 3790:, 3756:, 3645:, 3606:, 3350:, 3244:(" 2105:, 2101:, 2089:, 1943:). 1931:, 1753:, 1529:. 1518:. 1456:. 1272:, 1268:, 1264:, 1252:, 1037:. 510:, 308:. 200:. 173:: 128:: 7127:) 7116:( 7080:( 7069:( 6840:) 6829:( 6720:) 6698:( 6649:) 6638:( 6589:) 6578:( 6525:e 6518:t 6511:v 6384:e 6377:t 6370:v 6127:) 5882:. 5707:. 5693:) 5662:) 5630:. 5613:. 5195:( 5072:( 5057:( 4978:) 4972:( 4967:) 4963:( 4949:. 4759:) 4753:( 4748:) 4744:( 4730:. 4559:( 4264:) 4258:( 4253:) 4249:( 4235:. 3551:( 3502:/ 3167:) 3146:) 3099:) 3083:) 3067:) 3022:) 2993:) 2970:) 2895:) 2879:) 2858:) 2844:) 2828:) 2812:) 2775:) 2741:) 2727:) 2673:) 2657:) 2607:) 2591:) 2568:) 2538:) 2446:) 2402:) 2388:) 2223:( 2070:( 2003:) 1997:( 1992:) 1988:( 1974:. 1915:. 1559:) 1094:) 1088:( 1083:) 1079:( 1065:. 977:( 939:) 822:( 558:– 451:) 445:( 440:) 436:( 432:. 418:. 296:( 257:– 253:– 169:( 124:( 52:) 48:( 36:) 32:(

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