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151:, compared to five percent of known mammalian species. The majority of monogamous avians form long-term pair bonds which typically result in seasonal mating: these species breed with a single partner, raise their young, and then pair up with a new mate to repeat the cycle during the next season. Some avians such as
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As noted above, different species of voles vary in their sexual behavior, and these differences correlate with expression levels of vasopressin receptors in reward areas of the brain. Scientists were able to change adult male montane voles' behavior to resemble that of monogamous prairie voles in
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In various species, males provide parental care and females mate with multiple males. For example, recent studies show that extra-pair copulation frequently occurs in monogamous birds in which a "social" father provides intensive care for its "social" offspring. Furthermore, it was observed that
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For about four days immediately prior to egg-laying, when copulations lead to fertilization, the male bank swallow is very busy, attentively guarding his female. Before this time, as well as after—that is, when her eggs are not ripe, and again after his genes are safely tucked away inside the
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act in this region to coordinate rewarding activities such as mating, and regulate selective affiliation. These species-specific differences have shown to correlate with social behaviors, and in monogamous prairie voles are important for facilitation of pair bonding. When compared to
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Humans can experience all of the above-mentioned varieties of pair bonds. These bonds can be temporary or last a lifetime. They also engage in social pair bonding, where two form a close relationship that does not involve sex. Like in other
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between a mating pair, often leading to the production and rearing of young and potentially a lifelong bond. Pair-bonding is a term coined in the 1940s that is frequently used in
951:
Lim MM, Wang Z, Olazábal DE, Ren X, Terwilliger EF, Young LJ (June 2004). "Enhanced partner preference in a promiscuous species by manipulating the expression of a single gene".
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363:. Married couples are not necessarily pair bonded. Marriage may be a consequence of pair bonding and vice versa. One of the functions of romantic love is pair bonding.
212:
work harder at building nests and taking care of eggs when females are present – the first time such "courtship parental care" has been documented in any species.
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The Role of
Oxytocin on Social Behavior Associated with the Formation of a Social Pair-Bond in the Socially Monogamous Convict Cichlid (Amatitlania nigrofasciata)
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partner preference in the prairie vole compared to the montane vole which would explain why the prairie vole forms pair bonds and the montane vole does not.
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Pair bonding may also have non-reproductive benefits, such as assisted resource defense. Recent study comparing two species of butterflyfishes,
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shells—he goes seeking extra-pair copulations with the mates of other males…who, of course, are busy with defensive mate-guarding of their own.
532:
Wakano JY, Ihara Y (August 2005). "Evolution of male parental care and female multiple mating: game-theoretical and two-locus diploid models".
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receptors in their brain when compared to polygamous voles. These differences are located in the ventral forebrain and the dopamine-mediated
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237:) has been shown that mating pairs maintain pair bonds at least until the shift of young from female to male. More recently the Australian
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relationship or a stage of mating interaction in socially monogamous species. It is sometimes used in reference to human relationships.
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Overdorff DJ, Tecot SR (2006). "Social Pair-Bonding and
Resource Defense in Wild Red-Bellied Lemurs (Eulemur rubriventer)".
470:"The Neural Basis of Pair Bonding in a Monogamous Species: A Model for Understanding the Biological Basis of Human Behavior"
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mammals. This pair uses teamwork to hunt down prey and scavenge. They will stay together until one of the two dies.
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642:"Have your cake and eat it too: male sand gobies show more parental care in the presence of female partners"
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newly formed pair bonds in biparental plovers were comparatively weaker than those in uniparental plovers.
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896:"Pair bond endurance promotes cooperative food defense and inhibits conflict in coral reef butterflyfish"
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Parra, Jorge E.; Beltrán, Marcela; Zefania, Sama; Dos
Remedios, Natalie; Székely, Tamás (2014-04-01).
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Bales KL, Ardekani CS, Baxter A, Karaskiewicz CL, Kuske JX, Lau AR, et al. (November 2021).
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Pair bonds are a biological phenomenon and are not equivalent to the human social institution of
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experiments in which vasopressin receptors were introduced into the brain of male montane voles.
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Nowicki JP, Walker SP, Coker DJ, Hoey AS, Nicolet KJ, Pratchett MS (April 2018).
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268:(such as prairie voles) have significantly greater density and distribution of
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was created from a revision of this article dated 20 June 2019
1006:. Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospect. pp. 235–254.
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Young LJ, Wang Z (October 2004). "The neurobiology of pair bonding".
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The Myth of
Monogamy: Fidelity and Infidelity in Animals and People
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667:"For A Male Sand Goby, Playing 'Mr. Mom' Is Key To Female's Heart"
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Offspring: Human
Fertility Behavior in Biodemographic Perspective
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bonded for a significant portion of the life cycle of that pair
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are not only monogamous, but also form lifelong pair bonds.
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690:"Concordant female mate preferences in the cichlid fish
1085:"Proximate and Ultimate Perspectives on Romantic Love"
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Steinwender B, KoblmĂĽller S, Sefc KM (February 2012).
743:"Invisible pair bonds detected by molecular analyses"
511:"Till Death do them Part: 8 Birds that Mate for Life"
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640:Pampoulie C, Lindström K, St Mary CM (March 2004).
241:has been seen maintaining pair bonds over 3 years.
147:Close to ninety percent of known avian species are
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741:Takahashi T, Ochi H, Kohda M, Hori M (June 2012).
476:. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US).
50:circles. The term often implies either a lifelong
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307:appear to have more of these AVP and oxytocin
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110:attachments for territorial or social reasons
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38:is the strong affinity that develops in some
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792:"Multi-year pair-bonding in Murray cod (
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81:and Judith Lipton, from their 2001 book
77:According to evolutionary psychologists
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790:Couch AJ, Dyer F, Lintermans M (2020).
170:When discussing the social life of the
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1918:Psychological effects of Internet use
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467:
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419:Home : Oxford English Dictionary
490:from the original on 6 February 2018
472:. In Wachter KW, Bulatao RA (eds.).
444:. New York: Henry Holt and Company.
1898:Digital media use and mental health
129:mating systems being analogous to "
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1529:Automatic and controlled processes
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1072:(PhD thesis). Winthrop University.
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92:a transient mating or associations
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1938:Smartphones and pedestrian safety
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498:– via www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
331:Pair-bonded human male and female
208:scientist reports that male sand
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1963:Mobile phones and driving safety
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677:from the original on 2016-03-05.
579:from the original on 2015-09-05.
1866:Computer-mediated communication
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191:form seasonal monogamous pairs.
187:Male (left) and female (right)
2143:Empathising–systemising theory
1446:female intrasexual competition
1383:Evolutionarily stable strategy
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2503:Standard social science model
1556:Cognitive tradeoff hypothesis
611:10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.12.030
509:Berger M (10 February 2012).
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2351:Missing heritability problem
1943:Social aspects of television
1566:Evolution of nervous systems
1534:Computational theory of mind
1042:"On Marriage and Pair Bonds"
1012:10.1007/978-0-387-34586-4_11
235:Xenotilapia rotundiventralis
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7:
2597:Evolutionary biology portal
1083:Bode A, Kushnick G (2021).
864:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2021.105062
440:Barash D, Lipton J (2001).
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174:, Lipton and Barash state:
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2558:Evolutionary psychologists
2431:Trivers–Willard hypothesis
2346:Human–animal communication
2058:Ovulatory shift hypothesis
1908:Imprinted brain hypothesis
1876:Human–computer interaction
920:10.1038/s41598-018-24412-0
513:. National Audubon Society
309:neurotransmitter receptors
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424:Oxford English Dictionary
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2371:Cultural group selection
2255:Biocultural anthropology
1948:Societal impacts of cars
1881:Media naturalness theory
1571:Fight-or-flight response
1040:Fuentes A (9 May 2012).
142:
2629:Evolutionary psychology
2571:Evolutionary psychology
2535:Sociocultural evolution
2376:Dual inheritance theory
1833:Personality development
1294:Theoretical foundations
1271:Evolutionary psychology
1089:Frontiers in Psychology
534:The American Naturalist
215:In the cichlid species
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2493:Social constructionism
2488:Psychological nativism
2463:Biological determinism
2411:Recent human evolution
2406:Punctuated equilibrium
2229:Behavioral epigenetics
2224:evolutionary economics
2193:Variability hypothesis
2138:Emotional intelligence
1871:Engineering psychology
1561:Evolution of the brain
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1183:Listen to this article
847:"What is a pair bond?"
759:10.1098/rsbl.2011.1006
332:
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118:extra-pair copulations
114:Clandestine pair-bond:
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2483:Nature versus nurture
2442:Theoretical positions
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2285:Evolutionary medicine
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1968:Texting while driving
1958:Lead–crime hypothesis
1818:Cognitive development
1803:Caregiver deprivation
1314:Gene selection theory
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1066:Garcia C (May 2019).
851:Hormones and Behavior
794:Maccullochella peelii
659:10.1093/beheco/arg107
330:
225:the eggs on her own.
206:University of Florida
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90:Short-term pair-bond:
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2473:Cultural determinism
2280:Evolutionary biology
2265:Cognitive psychology
2213:Academic disciplines
1861:Cognitive ergonomics
1828:Language acquisition
1808:Childhood attachment
1621:Wason selection task
1515:Behavioral modernity
1304:Cognitive revolution
1287:Evolutionary thought
1234:More spoken articles
398:r/K selection theory
96:Long-term pair-bond:
83:The Myth of Monogamy
69:are one of very few
67:Black-backed jackals
48:evolutionary biology
2540:Unilineal evolution
2305:Population genetics
2090:Sexy son hypothesis
2028:Hormonal motivation
2008:Concealed ovulation
1549:Dual process theory
1420:Parental investment
1140:Nature Neuroscience
973:10.1038/nature02539
965:2004Natur.429..754L
912:2018NatSR...8.6295N
813:10.7717/peerj.10460
102:Lifelong pair-bond:
52:socially monogamous
2498:Social determinism
2381:Fisher's principle
2341:Great ape language
2331:Cultural evolution
2300:Philosophy of mind
2133:Division of labour
2095:Westermarck effect
2043:Mating preferences
1953:Distracted driving
1687:Literary criticism
1544:Domain specificity
1524:modularity of mind
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664:; Lay summary in:
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1813:Cinderella effect
1743:Moral foundations
1647:Visual perception
1539:Domain generality
1508:Facial expression
1456:Sexual dimorphism
1415:Natural selection
1361:Hamiltonian spite
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1146:(10): 1048–1054.
1021:978-0-387-34585-7
959:(6993): 754–757.
483:978-0-309-08718-6
468:Young LJ (2003).
378:Attachment theory
342:neurotransmitters
279:Peptide arginine
123:Dynamic pair-bond
108:Social pair-bond:
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2173:Neuroscience
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1652:Color vision
1637:Multitasking
1616:Flynn effect
1611:Intelligence
1593:Folk biology
1336:Evolutionary
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473:
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296:, which are
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251:
247:C. baronessa
245:
243:
234:
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216:
214:
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172:bank swallow
169:
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44:sociobiology
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2454:Determinism
2366:Coevolution
2310:Primatology
2148:Gender role
2053:Orientation
1933:Screen time
1790:Affectional
1772:Development
1451:Mate choice
1378:By-products
1346:Adaptations
1309:Cognitivism
906:(1): 6295.
350:vasopressin
338:vertebrates
313:conditioned
281:vasopressin
270:vasopressin
264:Monogamous
157:bald eagles
2613:Categories
2401:Population
2396:Lamarckism
2242:behavioral
2220:Behavioral
2168:Narcissism
2113:Aggression
1903:Hypophobia
1893:Depression
1780:Attachment
1762:Universals
1726:Psychology
1704:Biological
1692:Musicology
1682:Aesthetics
1581:Basophobia
1388:Exaptation
1366:Reciprocal
1230:Audio help
1221:2019-06-20
1095:: 573123.
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404:References
302:monogamous
298:polygamous
239:Murray cod
223:mouthbrood
163:, and the
149:monogamous
71:monogamous
2246:cognitive
2238:Affective
2123:Cognition
2077:Sexuality
2063:Pair bond
1823:Education
1480:Cognition
1398:Inclusive
1338:processes
1326:Criticism
881:238234968
619:0003-3472
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227:T. moorii
58:Varieties
36:pair bond
2619:Ethology
2515:Memetics
2275:Ethology
2233:genetics
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2033:Jealousy
1988:Activity
1794:maternal
1750:Religion
1738:Morality
1716:Language
1597:taxonomy
1410:Mismatch
1356:Cheating
1351:Altruism
1232: ·
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1121:33912094
1051:24 April
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675:Archived
627:15727544
577:Archived
562:23771617
554:16032569
488:Archived
367:See also
361:marriage
354:dopamine
346:oxytocin
289:oxytocin
285:dopamine
138:Examples
2416:Species
2188:Suicide
2023:Fantasy
2003:Arousal
1785:Bonding
1674:Culture
1498:Display
1485:Emotion
1393:Fitness
1282:History
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1190:minutes
1112:8074860
989:4340500
961:Bibcode
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908:Bibcode
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517:11 June
494:11 June
426:. 2005.
283:(AVP),
260:Mammals
131:divorce
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32:biology
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2118:Autism
2085:female
2018:Desire
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1632:skill
1472:Areas
1164:S2CID
985:S2CID
877:S2CID
800:PeerJ
623:S2CID
595:(PDF)
558:S2CID
344:like
266:voles
153:swans
143:Birds
2081:male
1442:Male
1156:PMID
1117:PMID
1053:2018
1016:ISBN
977:PMID
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828:PMID
773:PMID
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615:ISSN
550:PMID
519:2018
496:2018
478:ISBN
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250:and
200:Fish
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1980:Sex
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
