42:
833:
484:
841:
1817:
1272:
1348:
1360:
692:
3758:
1609:
1260:
232:
1601:
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3783:
3573:
3597:
101:
3795:
3585:
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1110:
205:
191:
The precise boundaries of this cordillera and its subregions, as well as the names of its various features, may differ depending on the definitions in each country or jurisdiction, and also depending on the scientific field; this cordillera is a particularly prominent subject in the scientific field
2244:(Saunders College Publishing 1990): "The mainland ranges of the panhandle are a northward extension of the cascade range and the British Columbia Coastal ranges, while the mountainous offshore islands are an extension of the Coast Ranges of the Pacific Northwest and the islands of British Columbia."
879:
The
Columbia Mountains are classified as being in Canada's interior system, rather than its eastern system. However, the Columbia Mountains are an extension of mountains in the United States that are considered part of the Rocky Mountains, and therefore the Columbia Mountains are often treated as
537:, while their inland side against the plateau they transition to the high plateau in dryland valleys notable for a series of large lakes similar to the alpine lakes of southern Switzerland, beginning in deep mountains and ending in flatland. They are subdivided in three main groupings, the
1583:
For convenience the Rocky
Mountain Trench may be divided into northern and southern sections. The dividing point reflects the separation of north and easterly flows to the Arctic Ocean versus south and westerly flows to the Pacific Ocean. A break in the valley system at around 54°N near
1514:
mainland. The Gulf of
California is 1,126 km (700 miles) long and 48 to 241 km (30 to 150 miles) wide, with an area of 177,000 km (68,000 sq mi), a mean depth of 818.08 m (2,684.0 ft), and a volume of 145,000 km (35,000 cu mi).
1076:
mountain range is a southern extension of the Sierra Nevada. The range extends from near the
Arizona border down to the Sierra Madre del Sur, along the western mainland of Mexico. The high plateau that is formed by the range is cut by deep river valleys.
2320:, Volume 18: "Sierra Madre del Sur. — This sierra, which crosses the states of Colima, Michoacan, Guerrero, and Oaxaca, is the continuation of the Sierra de Baja California and the other mountain ranges linked with it." (Americana Corporation 1961).
768:
are one of the eleven traditional geomorphic provinces of
California. This province includes several – but not all – mountain ranges along the California coast (the Transverse Ranges, Peninsular Ranges and the Klamath Mountains are not included).
2565:, p. 80 (Library of Congress, Federal Research Division, Claitors Pub Div. 2005): "The Sierra Madre Occidental on the west is a continuation of California's Sierra Nevada (with a break in southeastern California and extreme northern Mexico)…."
2148:
W. R. Dickinson; M. A. Klute; M. J. Hayes; S. U. Janecke; E. R. Lundin; M. A. McKittrick & M. D. Olivares (1988). "Paleogeographic and paleotectonic setting of
Laramide sedimentary basins in the central Rocky Mountain region".
1237:. The Sierra Madre Oriental spans about 1,000 km (600 miles). Mexico's Gulf Coastal Plain lies to the east of the range, between the mountains and the Gulf of Mexico coast. The Mexican Plateau lies to the west of the range.
604:
The terrain of the main spine of the Coast
Mountains is typified by heavy glaciation, including several very large icefields of varying elevation. Of the three subdivisions, the Pacific Ranges are the highest and are crowned by
409:
The
Nevadan belt runs up and down the middle of the North American Cordillera. Therefore, the intermontane areas of the cordillera can be divided up into the areas east of the Nevadan belt, and those west of the Nevadan belt.
1556:. The trench bottom is 3 to 16 km (2 to 10 miles) wide and ranges from 600 to 900 m (2,000 to 3,000 ft) above sea level. The general orientation of the Trench is almost uniformly pointing north. Some of its
895:. There are many named subranges of all four subgroupings, particularly in the Selkirks and Monashees. The southward extension of the Selkirks, Purcells and Monashees into the United States are reckoned to be part of the
2231:, Alaska Humanities Forum: "At a very general level, Alaska is part of four general physiographic regions, the Interior Plains, Rocky Mountains, Intermontane Basins and Ranges, and the Pacific Mountains and Valleys".
314:(34–23 million years ago), but since that time the region has been relatively stable. Generally speaking, it will be convenient here to consider these three belts going west to east, and north to south.
2514:
1245:
The
Nevadan belt runs down the middle of the North American Cordillera. Therefore, the intermontane areas can be divided up into the areas east of the Nevadan belt, and those west of the Nevadan belt.
2497:", Canadian Ministry of Environment: "Interior Mountains comprising the Columbia Mountains of the southern interior and the Omineca, Cassiar, Skeena and Hazelton Mountains of the northern interior."
363:, the North American Cordillera is about 1,000 miles (1,600 km) wide, and its physiographic provinces at this midpoint are as follows, going from west to east: the Pacific Coast Ranges, the
321:, south of the Interior Plains area, is the Rocky Mountain System, then the Intermontane Basins and Ranges, and in the southern part of the state are the Pacific Mountains and Valleys. In the
990:
in a less rugged fashion than in most other parts of the range. The North
Cascades are very different in character from the series of high volcanic stratovolcanoes from Rainier southwards to
332:
In Canada, the North American Cordillera is usually divided into three physiographic regions: the western system, the interior system, and the eastern system. The western system includes the
934:, are sometimes considered as being part of the neighbouring ranges rather than the plateaus and are often spoken of that way locally but are formally designated as being part of the
978:. The small portion of the Cascade Range in Canada is called the Cascade Mountains or Canadian Cascades, and in its southwestern area is similar in terrain to the area north of
2490:
1746:
which flows south from the northernmost part of the plateau. The Green is a tributary of the Colorado, the confluence being west of Moab, Utah in Canyonlands National Park.
914:
To the west of the Monashees and Cariboos, there are three intermediary upland areas which are transitional between the mountain ranges and the plateaus flanking the
2511:
1592:
may be used for this purpose. There are three main mountain ranges in the Canadian area named the Rocky Mountains, the Columbia Mountains, and the Coast Mountains.
3488:
2043:
883:
The Selkirks and Purcells lie entirely within the basin of the Columbia River, while the Monashees lie to the river's west on its southward course from its
1178:
938:. The southernmost extends into the Washington, where it is named by the American spelling Okanogan Highland (and was the first-named of these groupings).
212:
424:
The Pacific Coast Ranges, comprising the Pacific Coast Belt, parallel the North American Pacific Coast, and comprise several mountain systems. Along the
2176:
J. A. Wolfe; C. E. Forest & P. Molnar (1998). "Paleobotanical evidence of Eocene and Oligocene paleoaltitudes in midlatitude western North America".
1830:
306:
80 million years ago. Prior to this time the Rocky Mountain region was occupied by a broad basin. Further topographical evolution occurred during the
613:
being the largest. The Kitimat Ranges are lower and less glacier-covered than either of the other two groupings, but are extremely rugged and dense.
3836:
2202:
D. Alt and D. Hyndman. (1995). Northwest Exposures: A Geological Story of the North West. Mountain Press Publishing Company, Missoula, Montana
1121:
includes the northernmost of the major mountain systems of the North American Cordillera, and extends along an east–west axis across northern
3856:
899:
and the designation Columbia Mountains is not used there (the Purcells, also, go by the name "Percell Mountains" in the United States). The
3635:
2219:. The 14th Special Symposium of the British Ecological Society. British Ecolological Society, Blackwell Science Ltd., Ch. 15, pp. 319–339.
2015:
T. O. Tobisch; S. R. Paterson; S. Longiaru; T. Bhattacharyya (1987). "Extent of the Nevadan orogeny, central Sierra Nevada, California".
533:
from the Pacific Ocean. Their coastal flank is characterized by an intense network of fjords and associated islands, very similar to the
2100:
1459:. The Central Valley covers an area of approximately 22,500 square miles (58,000 km), making it slightly smaller than the state of
267:, and includes some of the highest peaks on the continent. Its mountain ranges generally run north to south along three main belts: the
2900:
2872:
1953:, p. 687: "ame from the Spanish....It is used particularly in physical geography, although in geology also it is sometimes applied...."
2796:
3826:
3539:
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to the east. The mean height of the mountain summits in the Sierra Nevada gradually increases from north to south, culminating at
3831:
2807:
1455:
of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers, which along with their tributaries drain the majority of the valley and flow into
1920:
911:
are essentially part of the same landform, but are officially designated part of the Rocky Mountains in the United States.
3799:
2770:
3314:
3861:
3851:
3821:
1985:
1452:
208:
17:
1884:
D. S. Cowan (1985). "Structural styles in Mesozoic and Cenozoic melanges in the Western Cordillera of North America".
1089:
belt is on the side of the North American Cordillera most distant from the Pacific Coast Ranges. It is named for the
302:
of the central Rocky Mountains and adjoining Laramide regions (from central Montana to central New Mexico) during the
3846:
2546:
2471:
1463:
and about 13.7% of California's total area. The Central Valley is 40 to 60 miles (60 to 100 km) wide, with the
1387:
The Okanagan Highland is the part of the Interior Plateau to the east of the Thompson Plateau, and is bounded by the
738:
and are the wettest place in the 48 contiguous states. Most of the mountains are protected within the bounds of the
3628:
3534:
3498:
1797:
divides the plateau into northern and southern sections. These two sections, called the Northern Plateau (Spanish:
2074:
3601:
2775:
1585:
1045:. From east to west, the Sierra is wedge-shaped: the west slope gradually rises and the east slope forms a steep
734:
is the highest at 7,962 ft (2,427 m) – but the western slopes of the Olympics rise directly out of the
2189:
2162:
832:
3493:
3247:
2893:
2646:
2620:
2597:
2303:
2281:
1950:
1928:
2846:
2765:
2062:
2028:
1897:
1033:, forming a mountain region of complex terrain and varied geology which separates the Central Valley from the
3353:
2744:
1661:
1396:
542:
433:
41:
3519:
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on the east side. The Okanagan Highland is described as being a hilly plateau, and is located in southern
3775:
3621:
2938:
2923:
2659:
1779:
1432:
810:
364:
3841:
3589:
754:
731:
3395:
2886:
1849:
R. Saager & F. Bianconi (1971). "The Mount Nansen gold–silver deposit, Yukon territory, Canada".
1468:
786:
680:
648:
forming the Coast Mountains formed when magma intruded and cooled at depth beneath volcanoes of the
483:
1759:
1668:
1042:
840:
406:
is the southern extension of the Peninsular Ranges. Sierra Madre means "Mother Range" in Spanish.
368:
966:
mountains: all of the known historic eruptions in the contiguous United States have been from the
3503:
3468:
3410:
2933:
1783:
1507:
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1052:
The northern Sierra surface rocks are predominantly volcanic, while the southern Sierra granitic
765:
676:
387:
240:
224:
2228:
2001:
375:, and the Rocky Mountains. In the United States, another major feature of the Cordillera is the
3323:
3290:
3038:
2968:
2825:"Boundary Descriptions and Names of Regions, Subregions, Accounting Units and Cataloging Units"
2272:
672:
440:
2611:
2463:
2457:
2294:
2255:
1941:
1101:, a trapper who disappeared in the Laramie Mountains in 1820 and was never heard from again).
864:, which are the northernmost and sometimes considered to be part of the Interior Plateau, the
3445:
3285:
3257:
3138:
2988:
2637:
2412:
2123:
2044:"Cordilleran metamorphic core complexes: Cenozoic extensional relics of Mesozoic compression"
1787:
1763:
1529:
1230:
1218:
853:
739:
574:
460:
391:
326:
236:
177:
2536:
789:. The Peninsular Ranges are separated from the Sierra Madre del Sur by an expanse of ocean.
3866:
3463:
3435:
3336:
3272:
3172:
3043:
3033:
3003:
2973:
2943:
2928:
2912:
2793:
1822:
1464:
1138:
1014:
778:
727:
652:
whereas the metamorphic formed when intruding magma heated the surrounding rock to produce
419:
403:
272:
268:
244:
47:
2737:
2212:
1189:
at 14,439 feet (4,401 m) above sea level. The American Rockies rise steeply over the
1017:
forms an inland mountain spine of northern California, extending from the terminus of the
204:
8:
3655:
3544:
3529:
3224:
3129:
3070:
3053:
3028:
2978:
1347:
1271:
1162:
955:
472:
142:
3747:
3644:
3565:
3425:
3375:
3214:
3085:
3048:
3023:
3013:
3008:
2993:
2983:
2376:, p. 26 (Geological Survey of Canada, Department of Energy, Mines and Resources, 1976).
2066:
1931:, pp. 6, 12, and 20: "The Cordillera is one of the seven geographic regions in Canada".
1866:
1633:
1573:
1553:
1499:
1479:
1448:
1404:
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forms the southern portion of the Interior Plateau. It is bordered on the south by the
1332:
1309:
1301:
1214:
1150:
873:
849:
814:
746:
715:
594:
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and Yukon Basin lie to their north. On the inland side of the Boundary Ranges are the
456:
337:
193:
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2705:
2690:
2612:
The New York Times guide to essential knowledge: a desk reference for the curious mind
2014:
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3390:
3262:
3147:
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2185:
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2115:
2101:"History and causes of post-Laramide relief in the Rocky Mountain orogenic plateau"
2058:
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1997:
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1420:
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1141:, towards their eastern end, and at their farthest west is the small subrange that
1098:
1086:
1002:. Inland portions of the range are dryland and plateau-like in character, e.g. the
987:
959:
935:
927:
923:
900:
884:
857:
852:
are a designation in British Columbia for a group of four ranges lying between the
826:
797:
The Nevadan belt is located between the Pacific coast belt and the Laramide belt.
664:
641:
621:
606:
590:
582:
562:
530:
425:
376:
372:
341:
322:
295:
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749:
is the part of the Coast Range system that is denoted as between the mouth of the
3681:
3358:
3151:
3058:
2960:
2811:
2804:
2800:
2588:
2518:
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1970:
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333:
303:
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173:
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on its west. It is up to 25 km (16 miles) wide, if measured peak-to-peak.
383:– which is a northern extension of the Sierra Nevada – and the Rocky Mountains.
3668:
3420:
3415:
3380:
3300:
3242:
3103:
1739:
1657:
1565:
1412:
1388:
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1003:
983:
919:
908:
892:
888:
750:
707:
637:
598:
570:
546:
538:
514:, Canada. This range has an area of 364,710 km (140,820 sq mi).
283:
169:
154:
2355:
1774:. Averaging 1,825 m (5,988 ft) above sea level, it extends from the
1532:
is a large valley that extends approximately 1,600 km (990 mi) from
3815:
3757:
3723:
3718:
3385:
3348:
3177:
3124:
1649:
1608:
1533:
1483:
1460:
1440:
1392:
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1038:
1018:
975:
971:
947:
735:
719:
526:
380:
348:
220:
216:
146:
138:
2576:
Rabbit Creek Country: Three Ranching Lives in the Heart of the Mountain West
2331:
Flora of Alaska and Neighboring Territories: A Manual of the Vascular Plants
3695:
3690:
3664:
3524:
3363:
3200:
3119:
3108:
3093:
3018:
2824:
1645:
1487:
1259:
1217:, are sometimes considered a separate system lying to the west of the huge
1182:
1154:
1118:
1022:
999:
995:
991:
979:
915:
625:
617:
578:
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and Alaska coast, the mountains intermix with the sea in a complex maze of
185:
158:
231:
3673:
3659:
3453:
3405:
3400:
3341:
3331:
3143:
3133:
1965:
1805:), are now generally regarded by geographers as sections of one plateau.
1541:
1194:
1146:
1034:
668:
436:
291:
2213:"Comparative phylogeography of north-western north america: A synthesis"
1600:
1201:
in New Mexico. The United States definition of the Rockies includes the
3728:
3708:
3703:
3458:
3208:
3186:
3161:
3156:
1862:
1727:
1688:
1680:
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1557:
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1006:, which lies along the Cascades' northeastern margin, separated by the
758:
633:
629:
550:
503:
352:
299:
256:
105:
The mountainous western part of North America is called a "cordillera".
2738:"The Gulf of California: A Physical, Geological, and Biological Study"
813:
are a northern extension of the Columbia Mountains. They include the
235:
Physiographic divisions of Mexico include three mountain systems: the
3737:
3733:
3613:
3430:
3252:
3232:
3195:
3191:
2909:
2119:
1625:
1109:
1053:
311:
2098:
998:, and are more severely alpine and steeply rugged, particularly the
3699:
3204:
2878:
2805:
Hanford Reach Protection and Management Program Interim Action Plan
1731:
1240:
1186:
1157:. The Brooks Range is considered part of (or an extension of) the
723:
499:
432:, with thousands of islands. Off the Southern California coast the
360:
150:
1518:
1061:
781:
mountains in southwestern Mexico form a southern extension of the
3713:
3368:
3237:
3181:
3165:
3098:
1767:
1723:
1704:
1676:
1621:
1537:
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645:
211:
of the western United States include three mountain systems: the
165:
2175:
1664:" refers to more or less the same area as the Columbia Plateau.
757:. It is about 200 miles (320 km) long. The highest peak is
100:
27:
North American portion of the American Cordillera mountain chain
2867:
1771:
1708:
1692:
1672:
1637:
1511:
1122:
653:
609:, while the Boundary Ranges contain the largest icefields, the
597:
system, which also extend southwards on the inland side of the
534:
507:
429:
356:
318:
307:
264:
260:
181:
70:
63:
1435:
is a large, flat valley that dominates the central portion of
1209:
of Idaho and Montana, whereas their counterparts north of the
941:
2455:
1831:
List of ecoregions in North America (CEC): Western Cordillera
1696:
1684:
1641:
1549:
1130:
686:
558:
511:
1942:
The Encyclopedia Americana: a library of universal knowledge
1233:
mountains in eastern Mexico are a southern extension of the
153:. The North American Cordillera covers an extensive area of
2211:
S. Brunsfeld, J. Sullivan, D. Soltis, and P. Sotis (2001).
2190:
10.1130/0016-7606(1998)110<0664:PEOEAO>2.3.CO;2
2163:
10.1130/0016-7606(1988)100<1023:PAPSOL>2.3.CO;2
1735:
1700:
1172:
271:
in the west, the Nevadan belt in the middle (including the
1145:. The Brooks Range forms the northern flank of the lower
2814:. Prosser, Washington: Benton County Planning Department.
2063:
10.1130/0091-7613(1984)12<550:CMCCCE>2.0.CO;2
2029:
10.1130/0091-7613(1987)15<132:EOTNOC>2.0.CO;2
1898:
10.1130/0016-7606(1985)96<451:SSIMAC>2.0.CO;2
1486:; this depression continues north into Washington as the
325:, the mainland mountain ranges and offshore islands (the
2318:
Encyclopedia Americana: the International Reference Work
1742:
which flows westward through the southern part, and the
986:, and its northern and eastern extremities verge on the
451:
In southern Alaska, the primary mountain ranges are the
1766:
physiographic division. It is a large arid-to-semiarid
1041:(14,505 feet (4,421 m)), the highest point in the
286:(also called "orogens") arose due to the engagement of
2725:(British Columbia Geographic Names Information System)
2710:(British Columbia Geographic Names Information System)
2695:(British Columbia Geographic Names Information System)
2680:(British Columbia Geographic Names Information System)
2217:
Integrating Ecology and Evolution in a Spatial Context
2099:
M. E. McMillan; P. L. Heller & S. L. Wing (2006).
2041:
1104:
1758:
is one of six distinct physiographic sections of the
329:) are extensions of respective ranges further south.
2008:
1848:
1812:
1067:
772:
275:), and the Laramide belt in the east (including the
1323:consists of a portion of the foothills between the
1711:. It is an extremely arid region characterized by
1224:
398:. To the west of the Sierra Madre Occidental, the
2488:Insular and Coastal Mountains, Interior Mountains
3813:
2541:. Greystone/David Suzuki Foundation. p. 5.
2534:
1241:Intermontane areas seaward from the Nevadan belt
887:and are flanked on the west by the basin of the
2456:California Coastal Commission (November 1987).
1986:"Western Cordillera—Alaska to Mexico: ABSTRACT"
1977:
1793:A low east–west mountain range in the state of
1595:
1519:Intermontane areas inland from the Nevadan belt
1443:coast. Its northern half is referred to as the
294:(crust and uppermost mantle). For example, the
255:The North American Cordillera extends from the
2313:
2311:
1612:Basin & Range Province (indicated in blue)
371:(forming many narrow ranges and valleys), the
184:, including much of the territory west of the
3629:
3489:Geographic data and information organizations
2894:
1983:
1426:
2530:
2528:
2400:Canadian Provinces & Territories Gr. 4-6
2259:, McGill–Queen's Press – MQUP, 1997, p. 226.
2215:. In: Silverton, J., Antonovics, J. (Eds.),
1056:has been sculpted by glaciers into dramatic
804:
675:. It contains two main mountain ranges, the
644:about 100 million years ago. The widespread
2641:, Cambridge University Press, 1990, p. 88,
2462:. University of California Press. pp.
2333:, p. xiv (Stanford University Press, 1968).
2308:
2276:, Merriam-Webster, 1997, pp. 219 and 1087,
2229:The Geography of Alaska: Physical Geography
2205:
2002:10.1306/5d25c1b1-16c1-11d7-8645000102c1865d
1883:
1770:that occupies much of northern and central
1221:which runs the length of British Columbia.
1049:, particularly so in the southern portion.
970:. The highest peak in the Cascade Range is
942:Cascade–Sierra Mountains in contiguous U.S.
577:lie to their west and northwest, while the
478:
3636:
3622:
2901:
2887:
2735:
2631:
2629:
2505:
2503:
2402:, p. 91 (S&S Learning Materials 2003).
2389:, p. 281 (CUP Archive, November 18, 1993).
962:, Canada. It consists of non-volcanic and
687:Pacific Border Province in contiguous U.S.
379:, located north of California between the
3540:National Council for Geographic Education
2525:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2273:Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary
2267:
2265:
2092:
1407:. The Interior Plateau also includes the
446:
2780:United States Department of the Interior
2435:"SEQUIM 2 E, WASHINGTON Climate Summary"
1909:
1907:
1607:
1599:
1439:, stretching inland and parallel to the
1173:Rocky Mountain System in contiguous U.S.
1133:Territory. Major subranges include the
1108:
839:
831:
690:
482:
230:
203:
3837:Geologic provinces of the United States
2626:
2500:
2374:Geology and Economic Minerals of Canada
2292:Shatrughna Sinha and Faguni Ram (1993)
2169:
1961:
1959:
1025:southwards along the east flank of the
14:
3814:
3643:
2361:
2262:
2178:Geological Society of America Bulletin
2151:Geological Society of America Bulletin
2108:Geological Society of America Bulletin
2042:P. J. Coney & T. A. Harms (1984).
1945:, Encyclopedia Americana Corp., 1918,
1886:Geological Society of America Bulletin
1660:. In one of various usages, the term "
1502:is a body of water that separates the
1372:Also within the Interior plateau, the
1125:from near the northern opening of the
340:, and the eastern system includes the
145:, the mountain chain system along the
3617:
2882:
2459:The California Coastal Resource Guide
2358:in the Canadian Mountain Encyclopedia
2196:
1904:
1722:is an area of high desert located in
1628:region that lies across parts of the
1564:, but it is primarily a byproduct of
1523:
1197:to the west, and extend south to the
968:volcanoes of the Cascade Volcanic Arc
860:(to the west). These ranges are the
443:extends for 160 miles (260 km).
413:
3857:Mountain ranges of the United States
3794:
3584:
2908:
2817:
1956:
1921:Weigl Educational Publishers Limited
1790:to the west and east, respectively.
1749:
1474:In northwestern Oregon, the fertile
1288:is the northern continuation of the
1161:. South of the Brooks Range are the
557:from there to their terminus in the
3596:
2851:Geographic Names Information System
2771:Geographic Names Information System
2729:
2449:
2346:, p. 14 (Marshall Cavendish, 2006).
1782:in the south and is bounded by the
1249:
1149:basin, separating it from Alaska's
1105:Alaska and Eastern System of Canada
761:, at 4,101 ft (1,250 m).
336:, the interior system includes the
310:(55–50 million years ago) and
127:Western Cordillera of North America
24:
2853:. United States Geological Survey.
2295:Instant Encyclopaedia of Geography
1493:
1453:Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta
1451:. The two-halves meet at the huge
836:Location map of Columbia Mountains
402:border the Pacific Ocean, and the
25:
3878:
2860:
2592:, Vol. 23, p. 618 (Grolier 2000)
2437:. Western Regional Climate Center
1319:Within the Interior plateau, the
1068:Sierra Madre Occidental in Mexico
801:means "snow-covered" in Spanish.
773:Western mountain ranges of Mexico
199:
3827:Mountain ranges of North America
3793:
3781:
3770:
3769:
3756:
3595:
3583:
3571:
3560:
3559:
3535:International Geography Olympiad
2866:
1815:
1801:) and Central Plateau (Spanish:
1358:
1346:
1270:
1258:
1080:
974:(14,409 feet (4,392 m)), a
616:The Coast Mountains are made of
502:in the southeastern part of the
115:United States, Canada and Mexico
99:
40:
2839:
2786:
2776:United States Geological Survey
2758:
2714:
2699:
2684:
2669:
2652:
2603:
2581:
2568:
2555:
2480:
2427:
2405:
2392:
2379:
2349:
2336:
2323:
2298:, Mittal Publications, p. 140,
2286:
2247:
2234:
2222:
2141:
1974:, pp. 534–535, Macmillan, 1986.
1762:, which in turn is part of the
1447:, and its southern half as the
1225:Sierra Madre Oriental in Mexico
792:
3248:Geographic information science
2664:Encyclopædia Britannica Online
2538:The Rockies: A Natural History
2256:The surface climates of Canada
2240:Wheeler, J. and Kostbade, J.
2035:
1934:
1877:
1842:
1707:, as well as much of northern
1308:are to the southwest, and the
529:northwestward, separating the
247:(which is an extension of the
13:
1:
3354:Geographic information system
2745:University of Texas at Dallas
2512:Landforms of British Columbia
2413:"Visiting the Hoh Rainforest"
1836:
549:from there northwards to the
88:6,400 km (4,000 mi)
75:6,168 m (20,236 ft)
3832:Geologic provinces of Canada
3281:Environmental social science
2415:. U.S. National Park Service
1671:covers most of the state of
1568:. The Trench separates the
1292:, and covers much of inland
1027:Central Valley of California
730:, are not especially high –
679:on Vancouver Island and the
125:, sometimes also called the
7:
2810:September 27, 2007, at the
2615:, Macmillan, 2007, p. 623,
2578:, p. 143 (UNM Press, 2008).
2486:Parsons, M. and Quinn, O. "
1808:
1780:Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt
1675:and parts of the states of
1339:on the east and northeast.
1316:to the west and northwest.
880:being part of the Rockies.
811:Northern Interior Mountains
394:further east, surround the
290:which deformed the Earth's
10:
3883:
2589:The Encyclopedia Americana
1913:Melanie Ostopowich (2005)
1596:Portion in contiguous U.S.
1427:Portion in contiguous U.S.
1193:to the east, and over the
1113:The Brooks Range in Alaska
755:Middle Fork Coquille River
417:
347:At its midsection between
263:to the southern border of
3862:Mountain ranges of Mexico
3852:Mountain ranges of Canada
3822:North American Cordillera
3765:
3754:
3651:
3555:
3512:
3481:
3444:
3396:Global Positioning System
3322:
3313:
3271:
3223:
3084:
2959:
2952:
2919:
2873:North American Cordillera
2535:Richard Cannings (2007).
2493:October 10, 2012, at the
805:Interior System of Canada
681:Queen Charlotte Mountains
367:, the Sierra Nevada, the
123:North American Cordillera
111:
97:
92:
84:
79:
69:
59:
54:
39:
35:North American Cordillera
34:
3847:Lists of mountain ranges
2827:. U.S. Geological Survey
2242:World Regional Geography
1760:Basin and Range Province
1669:Basin and Range province
1380:and on the north by the
1043:contiguous United States
958:in the United States to
954:in Canada) extends from
479:Western System of Canada
369:Basin and Range Province
3504:National mapping agency
3469:Survey (human research)
3411:Participant observation
2799:March 22, 2005, at the
2563:Mexico: A Country Study
2253:William Bailey et al.
1784:Sierra Madre Occidental
1508:Sierra Madre Occidental
1074:Sierra Madre Occidental
1060:and thin ridges called
766:California Coast Ranges
677:Vancouver Island Ranges
541:between the Fraser and
388:Sierra Madre Occidental
241:Sierra Madre Occidental
225:Pacific Border Province
209:Physiographic divisions
3494:Geographical societies
3291:Landscape architecture
2517:March 4, 2016, at the
2387:A History of the Earth
1984:A. J. Eardley (1967).
1613:
1605:
1395:on the north, and the
1181:, the highest peak is
1114:
856:(to the east) and the
845:
837:
699:
673:British Columbia Coast
491:
447:Southern Alaska ranges
441:Santa Monica Mountains
252:
228:
3286:Environmental studies
3258:Statistical geography
3139:Environmental science
2660:Sierra Madre Oriental
1788:Sierra Madre Oriental
1764:Intermontane Plateaus
1656:, cut through by the
1611:
1603:
1572:on its east from the
1560:has been carved into
1530:Rocky Mountain Trench
1331:on the west, and the
1304:lie to the east, the
1231:Sierra Madre Oriental
1219:Rocky Mountain Trench
1112:
854:Rocky Mountain Trench
843:
835:
740:Olympic National Park
694:
575:Saint Elias Mountains
486:
461:Saint Elias Mountains
392:Sierra Madre Oriental
327:Alexander Archipelago
237:Sierra Madre Oriental
234:
213:Rocky Mountain System
207:
178:Western United States
3499:Geoscience societies
3464:Interview (research)
3436:Land change modeling
3337:Computer cartography
3315:Techniques and tools
3173:Earth system science
2875:at Wikimedia Commons
2561:Merrill, Tim et al.
1823:North America portal
1778:in the north to the
1776:United States border
1648:plateau between the
1544:, just south of the
1467:to the east and the
1139:Richardson Mountains
779:Sierra Madre del Sur
728:Pacific Coast Ranges
671:in the north on the
420:Pacific Coast Ranges
404:Sierra Madre del Sur
269:Pacific Coast Ranges
245:Sierra Madre del Sur
48:Denali National Park
3656:Atmospheric science
3545:Spatial citizenship
3530:Geographers on Film
3520:Geography education
3130:Atmospheric science
2792:Ben Floyd, et al. "
2638:World Geomorphology
2372:Wilson, Robert J.
2342:Stefoff, Rebecca.
1968:and Raymond Siever
1851:Mineralium Deposita
1163:Mackenzie Mountains
1153:region, facing the
1097:(in turn named for
956:northern California
624:from an episode of
535:Norwegian coastline
521:run from the lower
490:in British Columbia
473:Talkeetna Mountains
215:(areas 16–19), the
174:Northwestern Canada
143:American Cordillera
3748:Quaternary science
3645:Physical geography
3426:Statistical survey
3376:Geologic modelling
3215:Quaternary science
2847:"Colorado Plateau"
2766:"Columbia Plateau"
1863:10.1007/BF00208030
1738:, bisected by the
1614:
1606:
1574:Columbia Mountains
1554:Watson Lake, Yukon
1500:Gulf of California
1480:Oregon Coast Range
1449:San Joaquin Valley
1333:Monashee Mountains
1310:Hazelton Mountains
1302:Monashee Mountains
1215:Columbia Mountains
1115:
932:Okanagan Highlands
874:Monashee Mountains
850:Columbia Mountains
846:
844:Monashee Mountains
838:
815:Hazelton Mountains
747:Oregon Coast Range
700:
595:Interior Mountains
492:
457:Wrangell Mountains
414:Pacific Coast Belt
338:Columbia Mountains
253:
229:
194:physical geography
135:Pacific Cordillera
131:Western Cordillera
55:Highest point
18:Pacific Cordillera
3842:Geology of Mexico
3809:
3808:
3743:Landscape ecology
3687:Coastal geography
3611:
3610:
3477:
3476:
3309:
3308:
3296:Landscape ecology
3116:Coastal geography
2871:Media related to
2721:Okanagan Highland
1578:Cassiar Mountains
1504:Peninsular Ranges
1478:lies between the
1476:Willamette Valley
1457:San Francisco Bay
1445:Sacramento Valley
1391:on the west, the
1378:Canadian Cascades
1365:Okanagan Highland
1337:Cariboo Mountains
1329:Bonaparte Plateau
1306:Canadian Cascades
1298:Cariboo Mountains
1143:De Long Mountains
1135:British Mountains
1091:Laramie Mountains
1031:Transverse Ranges
1008:Similkameen River
952:Cascade Mountains
905:Cabinet Mountains
870:Purcell Mountains
866:Selkirk Mountains
862:Cariboo Mountains
823:Omineca Mountains
819:Cassiar Mountains
783:Peninsular Ranges
712:Olympic Peninsula
704:Olympic Mountains
696:Olympic Mountains
667:in the south to
661:Insular Mountains
469:Chugach Mountains
400:Peninsular Ranges
249:Peninsular Ranges
119:
118:
16:(Redirected from
3874:
3797:
3796:
3785:
3773:
3772:
3760:
3678:Paleoclimatology
3638:
3631:
3624:
3615:
3614:
3599:
3598:
3587:
3586:
3575:
3563:
3562:
3391:Geovisualization
3320:
3319:
3263:Spatial analysis
3148:Paleoclimatology
2957:
2956:
2903:
2896:
2889:
2880:
2879:
2870:
2855:
2854:
2843:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2821:
2815:
2790:
2784:
2783:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2742:
2736:Rebekah K. Nix.
2733:
2727:
2718:
2712:
2706:Thompson Plateau
2703:
2697:
2691:Shuswap Highland
2688:
2682:
2676:Interior Plateau
2673:
2667:
2656:
2650:
2633:
2624:
2609:William Safire.
2607:
2601:
2585:
2579:
2572:
2566:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2532:
2523:
2507:
2498:
2484:
2478:
2477:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2431:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2409:
2403:
2396:
2390:
2383:
2377:
2370:
2359:
2353:
2347:
2340:
2334:
2327:
2321:
2315:
2306:
2290:
2284:
2269:
2260:
2251:
2245:
2238:
2232:
2226:
2220:
2209:
2203:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2145:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2129:on June 23, 2010
2128:
2122:. Archived from
2120:10.1130/B25712.1
2105:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2080:on June 12, 2011
2079:
2073:. Archived from
2048:
2039:
2033:
2032:
2012:
2006:
2005:
1996:(9): 1900–1901.
1981:
1975:
1963:
1954:
1938:
1932:
1911:
1902:
1901:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1846:
1825:
1820:
1819:
1818:
1720:Colorado Plateau
1618:Columbia Plateau
1604:Colorado Plateau
1590:British Columbia
1546:British Columbia
1524:Canadian portion
1421:McGregor Plateau
1409:Quesnel Highland
1401:British Columbia
1374:Thompson Plateau
1362:
1353:Thompson Plateau
1350:
1325:Thompson Plateau
1321:Shuswap Highland
1294:British Columbia
1290:Columbia Plateau
1286:Interior Plateau
1277:Shuswap Highland
1274:
1265:Interior Plateau
1262:
1250:Canadian portion
1207:Salish Mountains
1167:Canadian Rockies
1129:to the northern
1099:Jacques La Ramee
1058:U-shaped valleys
988:Thompson Plateau
960:British Columbia
936:Interior Plateau
858:Interior Plateau
827:Skeena Mountains
683:on Haida Gwaii.
665:Vancouver Island
642:Laramide orogeny
622:metamorphic rock
607:Mount Waddington
591:Skeena Mountains
587:Tagish Highlands
531:Interior Plateau
510:and most of the
426:British Columbia
377:Columbia Plateau
373:Colorado Plateau
342:Canadian Rockies
323:Alaska panhandle
296:Laramide orogeny
103:
44:
32:
31:
21:
3882:
3881:
3877:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3872:
3871:
3812:
3811:
3810:
3805:
3761:
3752:
3682:Palaeogeography
3647:
3642:
3612:
3607:
3551:
3508:
3473:
3440:
3359:Distributed GIS
3305:
3267:
3219:
3152:Palaeogeography
3080:
2948:
2915:
2907:
2863:
2858:
2845:
2844:
2840:
2830:
2828:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2812:Wayback Machine
2801:Wayback Machine
2791:
2787:
2764:
2763:
2759:
2749:
2747:
2740:
2734:
2730:
2719:
2715:
2704:
2700:
2689:
2685:
2674:
2670:
2657:
2653:
2635:Edwin Bridges.
2634:
2627:
2608:
2604:
2586:
2582:
2573:
2569:
2560:
2556:
2549:
2533:
2526:
2522:, BC Govt, 1976
2519:Wayback Machine
2508:
2501:
2495:Wayback Machine
2485:
2481:
2474:
2454:
2450:
2440:
2438:
2433:
2432:
2428:
2418:
2416:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2398:Solski, Ruth.
2397:
2393:
2385:Rogers, John.
2384:
2380:
2371:
2362:
2354:
2350:
2341:
2337:
2329:Hultén, Eric.
2328:
2324:
2316:
2309:
2291:
2287:
2270:
2263:
2252:
2248:
2239:
2235:
2227:
2223:
2210:
2206:
2201:
2197:
2174:
2170:
2146:
2142:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2103:
2097:
2093:
2083:
2081:
2077:
2046:
2040:
2036:
2013:
2009:
1982:
1978:
1964:
1957:
1939:
1935:
1912:
1905:
1882:
1878:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1821:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1756:Mexican Plateau
1752:
1750:Mexican portion
1713:basin and range
1654:Rocky Mountains
1644:. It is a wide
1598:
1570:Rocky Mountains
1562:glacial valleys
1526:
1521:
1496:
1494:Mexican portion
1429:
1417:Nechako Plateau
1370:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1355:
1354:
1351:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1278:
1275:
1267:
1266:
1263:
1252:
1243:
1235:Rocky Mountains
1227:
1191:Interior Plains
1179:Rocky Mountains
1175:
1107:
1083:
1070:
982:, known as the
944:
920:Thompson Rivers
897:Rocky Mountains
893:Okanagan Rivers
809:In Canada, the
807:
795:
787:Baja California
775:
689:
650:Coast Range Arc
638:Farallon Plates
611:Juneau Icefield
555:Boundary Ranges
519:Coast Mountains
481:
465:Kenai Mountains
449:
434:Channel Islands
422:
416:
396:Mexican Plateau
386:In Mexico, the
334:Coast Mountains
304:Late Cretaceous
288:tectonic plates
277:Rocky Mountains
202:
155:mountain ranges
141:portion of the
107:
106:
50:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3880:
3870:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3791:
3779:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3755:
3753:
3751:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3693:
3684:
3671:
3669:Phytogeography
3662:
3652:
3649:
3648:
3641:
3640:
3633:
3626:
3618:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3605:
3593:
3581:
3569:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3549:
3548:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3516:
3514:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3485:
3483:
3479:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3450:
3448:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3421:Remote sensing
3418:
3416:Photogrammetry
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3381:Geomathematics
3378:
3373:
3372:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3351:
3346:
3345:
3344:
3339:
3328:
3326:
3317:
3311:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3303:
3301:Time geography
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3277:
3275:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3243:Geoinformatics
3240:
3235:
3229:
3227:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3217:
3212:
3198:
3189:
3184:
3175:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3159:
3154:
3141:
3136:
3122:
3113:
3112:
3111:
3106:
3104:Phytogeography
3101:
3090:
3088:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3062:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2965:
2963:
2954:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2906:
2905:
2898:
2891:
2883:
2877:
2876:
2862:
2861:External links
2859:
2857:
2856:
2838:
2816:
2785:
2757:
2728:
2723:in the BCGNIS
2713:
2708:in the BCGNIS
2698:
2693:in the BCGNIS
2683:
2678:in the BCGNIS
2668:
2651:
2625:
2602:
2580:
2567:
2554:
2547:
2524:
2499:
2479:
2472:
2448:
2426:
2404:
2391:
2378:
2360:
2348:
2335:
2322:
2307:
2285:
2261:
2246:
2233:
2221:
2204:
2195:
2168:
2140:
2091:
2034:
2007:
1976:
1955:
1933:
1916:The Cordillera
1903:
1876:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1833:
1827:
1826:
1810:
1807:
1799:Mesa del Norte
1751:
1748:
1740:Colorado River
1662:Columbia Basin
1658:Columbia River
1597:
1594:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1495:
1492:
1433:Central Valley
1428:
1425:
1413:Fraser Plateau
1389:Okanagan River
1382:Thompson River
1364:
1357:
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1345:
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1223:
1211:Kootenai River
1174:
1171:
1106:
1103:
1082:
1079:
1069:
1066:
1004:Okanagan Range
984:North Cascades
943:
940:
922:. These – the
909:Kootenai River
806:
803:
794:
791:
774:
771:
751:Columbia River
726:, part of the
708:mountain range
688:
685:
599:Kitimat Ranges
593:, part of the
571:Haines, Alaska
563:Champagne Pass
547:Kitimat Ranges
539:Pacific Ranges
480:
477:
448:
445:
418:Main article:
415:
412:
365:Central Valley
284:orogenic belts
223:(23), and the
201:
200:Major features
198:
139:North American
117:
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46:A mountain in
45:
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2:
3879:
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3724:Geostatistics
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3719:Geomorphology
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3386:Geostatistics
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3349:Geochronology
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3178:Geomorphology
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3125:Earth science
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2640:
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2632:
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2622:
2618:
2614:
2613:
2606:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2590:
2584:
2577:
2574:Thiem, Jon.
2571:
2564:
2558:
2550:
2548:9781553652854
2544:
2540:
2539:
2531:
2529:
2521:
2520:
2516:
2513:
2506:
2504:
2496:
2492:
2489:
2483:
2475:
2473:9780520061866
2469:
2465:
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2436:
2430:
2414:
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2301:
2297:
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2258:
2257:
2250:
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2109:
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2060:
2056:
2052:
2045:
2038:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2011:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1990:AAPG Bulletin
1987:
1980:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1960:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1943:
1937:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
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1678:
1674:
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1659:
1655:
1651:
1650:Cascade Range
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1610:
1602:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1586:Prince George
1581:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1534:Flathead Lake
1531:
1516:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1472:
1471:to the west.
1470:
1466:
1465:Sierra Nevada
1462:
1461:West Virginia
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1441:Pacific Ocean
1438:
1434:
1431:California's
1424:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1403:and northern
1402:
1398:
1394:
1393:Shuswap River
1390:
1385:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1361:
1349:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
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1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1127:Bering Strait
1124:
1120:
1111:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1081:Laramide Belt
1078:
1075:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1039:Mount Whitney
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1019:Cascade Range
1016:
1015:Sierra Nevada
1011:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
976:stratovolcano
973:
972:Mount Rainier
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
948:Cascade Range
939:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
912:
910:
907:south of the
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
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760:
756:
752:
748:
743:
741:
737:
736:Pacific Ocean
733:
732:Mount Olympus
729:
725:
721:
720:United States
717:
713:
709:
705:
698:in Washington
697:
693:
684:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
657:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
626:arc volcanism
623:
619:
614:
612:
608:
602:
600:
596:
592:
589:and also the
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
569:northwest of
568:
564:
561:Territory at
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
527:Fraser Canyon
524:
520:
515:
513:
509:
505:
501:
498:comprise the
497:
489:
485:
476:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
444:
442:
438:
435:
431:
427:
421:
411:
407:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
384:
382:
381:Cascade Range
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
349:San Francisco
345:
343:
339:
335:
330:
328:
324:
320:
315:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
280:
278:
274:
273:Sierra Nevada
270:
266:
262:
258:
250:
246:
242:
238:
233:
226:
222:
221:Sierra Nevada
218:
214:
210:
206:
197:
195:
189:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
160:
156:
152:
148:
147:Pacific coast
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
114:
110:
102:
96:
91:
87:
83:
78:
74:
72:
68:
65:
62:
58:
53:
49:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3798:
3786:
3774:
3696:Soil science
3691:Oceanography
3665:Biogeography
3600:
3588:
3576:
3564:
3525:Geo-literacy
3482:Institutions
3364:Internet GIS
3324:Quantitative
3201:Soil science
3120:Oceanography
3109:Zoogeography
3094:Biogeography
2969:Agricultural
2850:
2841:
2829:. Retrieved
2819:
2788:
2769:
2760:
2748:. Retrieved
2731:
2724:
2716:
2709:
2701:
2694:
2686:
2679:
2671:
2663:
2654:
2636:
2610:
2605:
2587:
2583:
2575:
2570:
2562:
2557:
2537:
2510:
2509:S. Holland,
2482:
2458:
2451:
2439:. Retrieved
2429:
2417:. Retrieved
2407:
2399:
2394:
2386:
2381:
2373:
2356:Yukon Ranges
2351:
2343:
2338:
2330:
2325:
2317:
2293:
2288:
2271:
2254:
2249:
2241:
2236:
2224:
2216:
2207:
2198:
2181:
2177:
2171:
2154:
2150:
2143:
2131:. Retrieved
2124:the original
2114:(3–4): 393.
2111:
2107:
2094:
2082:. Retrieved
2075:the original
2054:
2050:
2037:
2020:
2016:
2010:
1993:
1989:
1979:
1969:
1940:
1936:
1914:
1889:
1885:
1879:
1854:
1850:
1844:
1803:Mesa Central
1802:
1798:
1792:
1753:
1717:
1715:topography.
1666:
1646:flood basalt
1615:
1582:
1552:border near
1527:
1497:
1488:Puget Trough
1473:
1469:Coast Ranges
1430:
1397:Kettle River
1386:
1371:
1318:
1283:
1244:
1228:
1183:Mount Elbert
1176:
1155:Beaufort Sea
1119:Brooks Range
1116:
1084:
1071:
1051:
1012:
1000:Skagit Range
992:Mount Shasta
980:Glacier Peak
950:(called the
945:
913:
882:
878:
847:
808:
798:
796:
793:Nevadan belt
776:
763:
744:
701:
663:extend from
658:
615:
603:
579:Yukon Ranges
567:Chilkat Pass
523:Fraser River
516:
496:Yukon Ranges
493:
488:Mount Robson
453:Alaska Range
450:
423:
408:
385:
346:
331:
316:
298:changed the
282:These three
281:
254:
190:
186:Great Plains
159:intermontane
134:
130:
126:
122:
120:
29:
3867:Cordilleras
3674:Climatology
3660:Meteorology
3602:WikiProject
3454:Ethnography
3446:Qualitative
3406:Map algebra
3401:Hydrography
3342:Web mapping
3332:Cartography
3144:Climatology
3134:Meteorology
2989:Development
2831:October 23,
2441:January 27,
2419:January 27,
2157:(7): 1023.
1966:Frank Press
1744:Green River
1630:U.S. states
1542:Liard River
1314:Coast Range
1195:Great Basin
1151:North Slope
1147:Yukon River
1093:of eastern
1035:Great Basin
1023:Lassen Peak
996:Lassen Peak
714:of western
669:Haida Gwaii
640:during the
628:related to
543:Bella Coola
437:archipelago
292:lithosphere
3816:Categories
3729:Glaciology
3709:Geobiology
3704:Edaphology
3459:Geopoetics
3273:Integrated
3209:Edaphology
3187:Glaciology
3162:Geophysics
3157:Geobiology
3044:Settlement
3034:Population
3004:Historical
2974:Behavioral
2934:Philosophy
2803:". (1998)
2647:0521289653
2621:0312376596
2598:0717201333
2304:8170994896
2282:0877795460
2184:(5): 664.
2057:(9): 550.
2023:(2): 132.
1951:0717201333
1929:1553881494
1892:(4): 451.
1837:References
1728:New Mexico
1689:New Mexico
1681:California
1634:Washington
1626:geographic
1558:topography
1437:California
1405:Washington
1199:Rio Grande
1165:, and the
1047:escarpment
872:, and the
759:Marys Peak
716:Washington
630:subduction
551:Nass River
504:U.S. state
390:, and the
353:California
300:topography
257:U.S. state
80:Dimensions
3738:Limnology
3734:Hydrology
3513:Education
3431:Surveying
3253:Geomatics
3233:Geodesign
3225:Technical
3196:Limnology
3192:Hydrology
3071:Strategic
3054:Transport
3029:Political
3019:Marketing
2979:Cognitive
2910:Geography
2750:April 10,
2464:384 pages
2133:March 28,
2071:129399334
1871:129092271
1795:Zacatecas
1540:, to the
1506:from the
1054:batholith
1021:south of
724:mountains
500:mountains
312:Oligocene
137:, is the
133:, or the
112:Countries
93:Geography
71:Elevation
3776:Category
3700:Pedology
3566:Category
3205:Pedology
3086:Physical
3049:Regional
3039:Religion
3024:Military
3014:Language
3009:Internet
2994:Economic
2984:Cultural
2953:Branches
2924:Glossary
2808:Archived
2797:Archived
2794:Glossary
2515:Archived
2491:Archived
1809:See also
1732:Colorado
1652:and the
1622:geologic
1576:and the
1566:faulting
1484:Cascades
1482:and the
1187:Colorado
1087:Laramide
964:volcanic
889:Thompson
885:Big Bend
753:and the
553:and the
525:and the
361:Colorado
243:and the
166:plateaus
151:Americas
3800:Commons
3714:Geology
3590:Commons
3369:Web GIS
3238:Geodesy
3182:Geology
3166:Geodesy
3099:Ecology
3076:Tourism
2944:Outline
2929:History
2666:(2011).
2051:Geology
2017:Geology
1768:plateau
1724:Arizona
1705:Wyoming
1677:Arizona
1538:Montana
1512:Mexican
1510:on the
1203:Cabinet
1177:In the
1159:Rockies
1095:Wyoming
1029:to the
928:Shuswap
924:Quesnel
722:. The
718:in the
710:on the
646:granite
632:of the
618:igneous
583:Tahltan
439:of the
217:Cascade
170:Western
149:of the
3788:Portal
3578:Portal
3066:Social
2999:Health
2913:topics
2645:
2619:
2596:
2545:
2470:
2344:Alaska
2302:
2280:
2084:May 7,
2069:
1949:
1927:
1869:
1772:Mexico
1734:, and
1709:Mexico
1703:, and
1693:Oregon
1673:Nevada
1640:, and
1638:Oregon
1419:, and
1296:. The
1213:, the
1123:Alaska
1062:arêtes
916:Fraser
901:Salish
868:, the
825:, and
799:Nevada
654:schist
573:. The
545:, the
508:Alaska
471:, and
430:fjords
357:Denver
319:Alaska
308:Eocene
265:Mexico
261:Alaska
239:, the
182:Mexico
180:, and
164:, and
162:basins
129:, the
85:Length
64:Denali
3059:Urban
2961:Human
2939:Index
2741:(PDF)
2127:(PDF)
2104:(PDF)
2078:(PDF)
2067:S2CID
2047:(PDF)
1971:Earth
1867:S2CID
1857:(3).
1697:Texas
1685:Idaho
1642:Idaho
1620:is a
1550:Yukon
1131:Yukon
706:is a
559:Yukon
512:Yukon
227:(24).
2833:2010
2752:2010
2643:ISBN
2617:ISBN
2594:ISBN
2543:ISBN
2468:ISBN
2443:2011
2421:2011
2300:ISBN
2278:ISBN
2135:2013
2086:2011
1947:ISBN
1925:ISBN
1786:and
1754:The
1736:Utah
1718:The
1701:Utah
1667:The
1624:and
1616:The
1528:The
1498:The
1335:and
1327:and
1312:and
1300:and
1284:The
1229:The
1205:and
1137:and
1117:The
1085:The
1072:The
1013:The
994:and
946:The
930:and
918:and
903:and
891:and
848:The
777:The
764:The
745:The
702:The
659:The
636:and
634:Kula
620:and
585:and
565:and
517:The
494:The
355:and
172:and
121:The
60:Peak
2662:",
2186:doi
2182:110
2159:doi
2155:100
2116:doi
2112:118
2059:doi
2025:doi
1998:doi
1894:doi
1859:doi
1632:of
1185:in
785:of
506:of
317:In
279:).
259:of
192:of
168:in
3818::
3736:/
3702:/
3698:/
3689:/
3680:/
3676:/
3667:/
3658:/
3194:/
3180:/
3164:/
3150:/
3146:/
3132:/
3118:/
2849:.
2778:,
2774:.
2768:.
2743:.
2628:^
2527:^
2502:^
2466:.
2363:^
2310:^
2264:^
2180:.
2153:.
2110:.
2106:.
2065:.
2055:12
2053:.
2049:.
2021:15
2019:.
1994:51
1992:.
1988:.
1958:^
1923:,
1919:,
1906:^
1890:96
1888:.
1865:.
1853:.
1730:,
1726:,
1699:,
1695:,
1691:,
1687:,
1683:,
1679:,
1636:,
1588:,
1536:,
1490:.
1423:.
1415:,
1411:,
1384:.
1169:.
1064:.
1010:.
926:,
876:.
829:.
821:,
817:,
742:.
656:.
601:.
475:.
467:,
463:,
459:,
455:,
359:,
351:,
344:.
251:).
196:.
188:.
176:,
157:,
3637:e
3630:t
3623:v
3211:)
3207:/
3203:(
2902:e
2895:t
2888:v
2835:.
2782:.
2754:.
2658:"
2649:.
2623:.
2600:.
2551:.
2476:.
2445:.
2423:.
2192:.
2188::
2165:.
2161::
2137:.
2118::
2088:.
2061::
2031:.
2027::
2004:.
2000::
1900:.
1896::
1873:.
1861::
1855:6
1548:–
219:–
20:)
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