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116:. Once the Pacific-Farallon Ridge began subducting beneath the North American Plate, the remains of the Farallon Plate broke apart to form the Monterey, Arguello, Magdalena, and Guadelupe Microplates, and the southern portion of the ridge rotated in a clockwise manner. The contact of the ridge with North America marked a transition of the Pacific-Farallon Ridge from being a globally oriented spreading ridge system to a locally oriented one. The distinction between these systems is that slab pull and gravitational gliding forces determine the characteristics of the globally oriented whereas those of the locally oriented are influenced by the contact of the ridge with the North American Plate.
63:, the Pacific-Farallon Ridge approached and eventually made contact with the North American Plate about 30 million years ago. On average, this ridge had an equatorial spreading rate of 13.5 cm per year until its eventual collision with the North American Plate. In present day, the Pacific-Farallon Ridge no longer formally exists since the Farallon Plate has been broken up or subducted beneath the North American Plate, and the ridge has segmented, having been mostly subducted as well. The most notable remnant of the Pacific-Farallon Ridge is the 4000 km Pacific-Nazca segment of the
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since 83 million years ago. The spreading rate of the
Pacific-Farallon Ridge has varied throughout its lifetime with an acceleration of its spreading rate occurring 55 to 48 million years ago, around the same time that a significant portion of the Farallon Plate broke to form the Vancouver Plate. The
123:
continued spreading. The East
Pacific Rise did not begin its subduction under the North American Plate until 20 million years ago, and the presently surviving portion of the East Pacific Rise is the Pacific-Nazca segment. The present-day spreading from the East Pacific Rise dominates the spreading
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87:. The Pacific-Farallon Ridge was thought to be a particularly productive spreading ridge, and there are estimates that the ridge and its remnants have formed up to 45% of all oceanic
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Formation of the Juan de Fuca (including
Explorer and Gorda) and Cocos plates (including Rivera) and of the San Andreas Fault from the Farallon plate
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As the
Farallon Plate made contact with the North American Plate and began subducting beneath it, it fragmented into the Juan de Fuca Plate and
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As the
Pacific-Farallon Ridge began its subduction underneath the North American plate 30 million years ago, its southern segment, the
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spreading rate decreased once the ridge made contact with the North
American Plate 16 million years ago.
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Relative velocity vectors of
Pacific, Farallon, and Kula plates 55 million years ago (Black represents
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331:"Chapter 2 Tectonic history of the Transverse Ranges: Rotation and deformation on the plate boundary"
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at 51°N to the
Pacific-Farallon-Antarctic triple junction at 43°S. As the Farallon Plate
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384:"Tectonic implications of post–30 Ma Pacific and North American relative plate motions"
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plate boundary, which is where the two plates are moving away from each other. Partial
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HANDSCHUMACHER, David (2013). "Post-Eocene Plate
Tectonics of the Eastern Pacific".
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226:"New Paper: Spreading behaviour of the Pacific-Farallon ridge system since 83 Ma"
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Tectonic, Magmatic, Hydrothermal and
Biological Segmentation of Mid-ocean Ridges
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252:"Spreading behaviour of the Pacific-Farallon ridge system since 83 Ma"
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to the east. It ran south from the Pacific-Farallon-Kula
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that extended 10,000 km in length and separated the
193:
The Geophysics of the Pacific Ocean Basin and its Margin
75:
As a spreading ridge, the Pacific-Farallon Ridge was a
283:
Till, Alison B.; Yount, M. E.; Riehle, J. R. (1993).
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MacLeod, C. J.; Tyler, Paul A.; Walker, C. L. (228).
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melting occurs beneath such ridges, which forms new
301:"Farallon Plate [This Dynamic Earth, USGS]"
195:. Geophysical Monograph Series. pp. 177–202.
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112:, and then later fragmented further to form the
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250:Rowan, Christopher; Rowley, David (June 2014).
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16:Spreading ridge during the Late Cretaceous
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124:regime in the Central and South Pacific.
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1450:Underwater ridges of the Pacific Ocean
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289:. U.S. Government Printing Office.
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170:. Geological Society of London.
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343:from the original on 2018-03-16
311:from the original on 2005-12-18
286:U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin
232:from the original on 2017-09-14
1311:South American–Antarctic Ridge
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224:Rowan, Chris (May 2014).
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1306:Pacific-Antarctic Ridge
1359:Pacific-Farallon Ridge
1331:Ancient oceanic ridges
1321:Southwest Indian Ridge
1316:Southeast Indian Ridge
1053:Philippine Mobile Belt
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363:Cite journal requires
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33:Pacific-Farallon Ridge
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1234:Central Indian Ridge
61:North American Plate
59:obliquely under the
47:to the west and the
1349:Kula-Farallon Ridge
134:Kula-Farallon Ridge
1390:Geology portal
1364:Pacific-Kula Ridge
1354:Mid-Labrador Ridge
1279:Mid-Atlantic Ridge
1274:Juan de Fuca Ridge
641:Geology portal
269:10.1093/gji/ggu056
201:10.1029/GM019p0177
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1249:East Pacific Rise
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596:Antarctic-Phoenix
546:Pacific-Antarctic
436:"Plate Tectonics"
121:East Pacific Rise
65:East Pacific Rise
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104:Geologic history
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45:Pacific Plate
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1381:
1358:
1259:Gakkel Ridge
1171:Intermontane
963:Juan de Fuca
820:New Hebrides
772:Minor plates
703:Major plates
621:Pacific-Kula
615:
606:Mid-Labrador
541:Mid-Atlantic
536:Juan de Fuca
516:East Pacific
448:. Retrieved
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409:cite journal
398:. Retrieved
377:
356:cite journal
345:. Retrieved
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313:. Retrieved
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234:. Retrieved
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118:
114:Rivera Plate
107:
74:
32:
30:
24:
1344:Alpha Ridge
1339:Aegir Ridge
1294:Mohns Ridge
1269:Gorda Ridge
1244:Cocos Ridge
1239:Chile Ridge
1083:Solomon Sea
1023:North Andes
1013:Molucca Sea
908:Conway Reef
893:Bird's Head
860:Microplates
440:Ocean Oasis
110:Cocos Plate
89:lithosphere
39:during the
25:present-day
1224:Aden Ridge
1073:Seychelles
988:Madagascar
873:Aegean Sea
830:Philippine
731:Australian
450:2017-06-09
400:2017-06-09
347:2017-06-09
315:2017-06-09
236:2017-06-09
140:References
27:land area)
1113:Trobriand
1018:Niuafo’ou
973:Kerguelen
948:Halmahera
943:Greenland
928:Galápagos
898:Capricorn
888:Banda Sea
878:Anatolian
795:Caribbean
716:Antarctic
77:divergent
57:subducted
1444:Category
1414:Category
1206:Kshiroda
1191:Malvinas
1161:Farallon
1156:Cimmeria
1123:Woodlark
1118:Victoria
1078:Shetland
978:Kermadec
918:Explorer
868:Adriatic
800:Caroline
721:Eurasian
521:Explorer
444:Archived
391:Archived
338:Archived
309:Archived
230:Archived
128:See also
1426:Commons
1201:Phoenix
1176:Izanagi
1166:Insular
1151:Charcot
1068:Sangihe
1038:Okinawa
1008:Mariana
993:Malpelo
983:Lwandle
958:Iranian
953:Iberian
850:Yangtze
825:Okhotsk
785:Arabian
780:Amurian
748:Pacific
711:African
499:Present
1141:Baltic
1063:Rovuma
1058:Rivera
1043:Panama
933:Gonâve
923:Futuna
913:Easter
840:Somali
835:Scotia
810:Indian
736:Indian
579:Former
526:Gakkel
207:
174:
81:mantle
35:was a
1186:Lhasa
1108:Tonga
1103:Tisza
1098:Timor
1048:Pelso
1003:Maoke
998:Manus
938:Gorda
903:Coiba
845:Sunda
815:Nazca
805:Cocos
790:Burma
591:Alpha
586:Aegir
531:Gorda
511:Chile
394:(PDF)
387:(PDF)
341:(PDF)
334:(PDF)
1402:List
1181:Kula
422:help
369:help
305:USGS
205:ISBN
172:ISBN
31:The
1196:Moa
264:doi
260:197
197:doi
1446::
442:.
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413::
411:}}
407:{{
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354:{{
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687:e
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673:v
484:e
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424:)
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403:.
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367:(
350:.
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