PT-91 Twardy - Knowledge

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Ukrainian designers from UkrObronProm - the Oplot tank. Based on the Doublet reactive armor, the ERAWA-II reactive armor was created. He also took over the booking from him. According to statements by representatives from "Bumar-Łabędy", the armor of the tank is estimated at 1000mm of homogeneous armor. However, the turret's armor, as well as information about the latest reactive armor, have not been disclosed. The armament is supplemented by a 7.62 mm caliber machine gun and a remotely mounted ZSMU-1276 armament module manufactured by Zakłady Mechaniczne "Tarnów" S.A. The turret was equipped with stabilized sight-and-sight optics, GOC-1 Nike and GOD-1 Iris from PCO S.A. and BMS. Optionally, the manufacturer advises on the use of Safran's VIGY-15 panoramic day-observation device.

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Ukraine, Poland transferred most combat ready T-72s and at least one battalion of PT-91 to Ukraine. 2nd Mechanized Brigade lost its PT-91 tanks in one tank battalion completely, 34th Armored Cavalry lost all (combat ready) T-72s from its two battalions with no replacement. 19th Mechanized Brigade also lost all T-72s from two battalions but received some PT-91s from 9th Armored Cavalry and 15th Mechanized (making all 3 units understrength). 20th Mechanized Brigade is another unit that lost all its T-72s from its one tank battalion, but already received first K2 Black Panther tanks (two companies as of late 2023), it will have two battalions of K2,including one newly formed.

1238:– Tank to fight in urbanized terrain) A demonstrator for the MSPO 2011 military exhibition. This is an offer for the Polish Army which involves certain modifications of the T-72 and PT-91 tanks. The modification includes installation of such additional equipment as a remote-controlled cannon with an optical system, an omnidirectional observation system, add-on armour, and further engineering equipment. The PT-72U is equipped with a remote-controlled weapon station armed with a 12.7 mm machine gun mounted to the crew commander hatch. The system had a fire rotation of 360° and an elevation angle for the gun from -5° to 55°. 1871: 1589:

The SJ-09 is the driver training vehicle used to train drivers in operating of the vehicle as big and heavy as main battle tank. The vehicle is a tank chassis that has the turret replaced with an instructor station. All unnecessary equipment (like side skirts) were removed. The vehicle has a dummy main gun that obstructs the driver's view, like in the real tank. Vehicles used by the Polish Army were rebuilt from the few original T-72 Ural in Polish inventory delivered from Soviet Union. Another vehicle was built new for the Malaysian Army as a part of the PT-91M order.

1196:) Renamed prototypes of the PT-91M used as demonstrators of the export variant shown at military exhibitions. The PT-91E is an initial prototype, initially named SP1 (it is the same vehicle that was shown on military parade in Kuala Lumpur in 2005). PT-91Ex is the second prototype, named SP2. Both vehicles faced a number of tests in Malaysia. SP1 was used for traction tests and was driven 7000 km offroad in Malaysia. SP2 achieved 2000 km with 500 firings of the main cannon. The PT-91Ex is very similar to PT-91M, and is offered for export to other countries. 73: 935: 856: 3520: 1822: 263: 2210: 586: 2168: 2233: 135: 3530: 1311: 537: 995: 32: 2258: 2184: 563: 289: 1525: 1255:. The protection can be improved with Polish ERAWA explosive reactive armour. The 125 mm smoothbore cannon has been replaced with a 120 mm smoothbore cannon compatible with NATO ammunition and uses a carousel-type autoloader. This autoloader is separate from the crew compartment, where the T-72 autoloader was located. The manned 12.7 mm machine gun has been upgraded to be remotely operated. 1259:

include rubber skirts covering the lower hull and the tracks, and new tracks based on those found on German Leopard 2s, which can be fitted with deep wading kits to allow it to ford water obstacles up to 13 feet (4.0 meters) deep. The upgrade can be applied to both PT-91s and T-72M1s, of which Poland has a total of 823 (233 PT-91s, 120 active T-72M1s, and 470 reserve T-72M1s). The vehicle did not enter

1107:) Further development with a SAGEM Savan-15 fire control system. In live-fire tests the Savan-15 has a minor advantage in accuracy over the Drawa. The biggest advantage is a new gun stabilization system that provides a significant increase in accuracy when the tank is on the move. Later it was used as a base to develop the PT-91M. This variant has won a number of stress tests in Malaysia over the 1380: 1291:

PT-17, reinforced suspension (torsion shafts, shock absorbers, and elastomer bumpers) are used. Among the chassis, equipment included the auxiliary power generator (APU), the modernized rotary car charger, the PNK-72 "Radomka" night-vision, and PCO KDN-1 Nyks night-time reversing camera. Hull protection is provided by the ERAWA III reactive armour and rod armour at the rear of the chassis.

971:-1 and -2, differing in weight of the explosives. Experiments showed that the ERAWA dynamic defense decreases the high-explosive jet impact depth by 50–70% and that of penetrator (APFSDS) projectiles by 30–40%. Furthermore, ERAWA's explosive containers do not detonate when hit by a shot of up to 30 mm calibre or by shell or mine fragments, or when covered in burning napalm or petrol. 1295:

control system (SAVAN-15) from Safran, previously used in PT-91M tanks in Malaysia. A TKN-3z night vision mount is available for the commander. The PT-91M2 has a SOD Observation System, a universal PCO SSP-1 OBRA-3 vehicle self-propelled system (both PCO S.A.), and two modules each of 12 902A smoke grenades. Additional protection for the turret includes ERAWA reactive armour modules.

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replace Leopard 2 and remains of T-72. It is expected 11th Armored Cavalry Division (with 10th and 34 Armored Cavalry and 17th Mechanized Brigades) will continue to operate Leopard 2 tanks that undergo upgrade to Leopard 2 PL variant (in 10th Brigade) and will receive more Leopard 2 tanks from 18th Division that will be replaced by M1 Abrams (for 34th Brigade).

1618:(engine at front), and it would feature redesigned engine, transmission and fire control system. Armour: composite + ERA, main armament: 120/125 mm gun, 60 mm mortar, secondary armament: 7.62 mm PKT coaxial machine gun, 12.7 mm NSWT AA machine gun, crew: 3. This program was also known under the name 1290:

Although the PT-91M2's modernization objectives are the same as the PT-17's, the range of the PT-91M2 differs considerably. The S-12U engine is powered by an 850-horsepower engine with enhanced mechanical transmission (Cx version). Tracks come with rubber overlays developed by Obrum / Bumar. Like the

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in 1993–1994. Another 78 full-scale production vehicles were delivered 1995–1997, 135 modernized T-72M1 tanks (made in the late 80s) were delivered between 1998 and 2002. Both new and modernized tanks have the same combat capabilities. The Polish Army uses PT-91s in 3 variants– PT-91, PT-91MA and the

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The modernization of the fire control system began with replacing the older Soviet 2Є28M two-plane stabilizer with a new stabilizer developed in Slovakia. The system has an electronic information block showing the tank's technical condition. Furthermore, it informs the commander when the sighted fire

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Before the start of the war in Ukraine, Polish Land Forces operated 4 battalions of PT-91 tanks. 3 battalions in 16th Mechanized Division (2 in 9th Armored Cav brigade, 1 in 15th Mechanized Brigade) and one battalion in 12th Mechanized Division (2nd Mechanized Brigade). Since the start of the war in

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In 2014, this configuration was abandoned due to manufacturing flaws (microfractures detected in the vehicle's welded steel plates), numerous reliability concerns related to the automotive performance of the chassis and the loss of the Polish manufacturing line for the S-12U engine, and was replaced

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fire control system. It was planned that it would work closely together with PZR “Loara” (anti-aircraft rocket system) vehicles built on the basis of the PZA Loara but that project is currently on hold. The Loara is an autonomous fire unit capable of performing its tasks independently or acting as a

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The main goals of the PT-17 tank were to increase firepower and fire maneuverability, increase mobility and survivability on the battlefield, improve crew comfort, and increase mission duration. The demonstrator was developed in cooperation with Ukrainian companies that supplied the tank turret. The

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The basic aim of the T-72 conversion was to adapt it to the reality of modern warfare and fix its most visible deficiencies. Among those were low mobility, insufficient armour, lack of a fire control system and poor stabilisation of the main gun, which resulted in poor firing accuracy. An additional

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A typical Polish PT-91 tank battalion is equipped with 58 tanks, composed of four frontline companies with 14 vehicles each, and 2 tanks for the battalion commander and the battalion second in command. Every company of 14 tanks is composed of three platoons, with 4 tanks in each and 2 tanks for the

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In 2002, the 10th Armoured Cavalry brigade received Leopard 2A4 tanks donated to Poland by Germany. In 2007, the 15th Armoured Cavalry brigade was disbanded and the 17th Mechanised received the first KTO Rosomak. All these changes allowed the reallocation of PT-91s to other divisions, replacing the

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is one of the elements of the T-72 and PT-91 crew training system. The system is composed of both trainers teaching crew trainees how to operate different systems of the tank and simulators allowing training more advanced situations. For example, the SJ-02 is used to teach how to load the main gun.

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The tank turret is a Ukrainian construction, featuring the Ukrainian KBM-2 smoothbore 120 mm cannon, with a barrel length of L50, and a 22 mm ammunition-charge unit mounted in the niche of the turret. The total ammunition capacity is 50 shells. The PT-17 was created with the experience of

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Production variant for the Polish Army, an extensively modernized development of the T-72M1. Most are equipped with an SKO-1M Drawa-1T dual-axis stabilized fire control system (with TES – Thermal Elbow Sight; the total number of delivered thermal sights is 202) though some early production vehicles

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Unlike many other T-72 upgrades, Polish Army PT-91s feature elements created almost exclusively by domestic companies, including the new engine, fire control system, and all communication system elements. Many of the elements were used to upgrade existing fleets of T-72 tanks in countries including

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Other improvements include an upgraded fire control system. The tank is proposed to be fitted with a new engine, options for which include an unspecified Serbian turbocharged diesel, a German 1088 hp, Serbian V46-TK, and potentially yet-to-be-developed 1200 hp engines. Other improvements

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The observation system is equipped with 8 day–night cameras with the observation angle 55° and a rotary passive camera FLIR which has up to 26 times optical zoom. The armour package has chassis and turret bar armour. The bottom of the chassis is equipped with reactive armour and add-on armour. The

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commander's combined day-night passive observation and aiming sight, a ballistic computer, a laser rangefinder, and a data system processing information for the ballistic computer. The sighting of the ballistic computer depends on the target's speed, weather conditions, projectile temperature, and

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Upgraded Georgian army T-72SIM-1 tanks use the Drawa-T fire control system, a development of the fire control system on the PT-91. The FCS is equipped with laser range finder and thermal imaging sensor. The system is slightly different from the one used on Polish PT-91s: the commander uses an LCD

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It is planned that 16th Mechanized Division (with 9th Armored Cavalry, 15th and 20th Mechanized Brigades) will be equipped with K2 tanks (during transition a mix of K2 and PT-91). 18th Mechanized Division (with 1st Armored, 19th and 21st Mechanized Brigades) is receiving M1 Abrams tanks that will

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environment. The system has a reaction time less than 10 seconds. The system can engage aircraft flying at altitudes from very low altitudes up to 5,000 m (16,000 ft), and flying at speeds up to 500 m/s (1,125 mph). It is effective against infantry, lightly armoured ground and

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gun used in the T-72, fitted with an automatic reloading mechanism which reduces the tank crew by one, as it replaces the gun loader, and gives a rate of fire of 8 to 10 rounds per minute. Additional armament comprises the 7.62 mm PKT coaxial general-purpose machine gun and 12.7 mm NSVT

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standard. The successful conversion convinced the General Staff that similar modernization programs could be applied to other Soviet-designed tanks made in Poland and used by the Polish Armed Forces. In late 1988, the decision was made to prepare the modernization of the T-72M1, using experience

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Increased firepower is planned to be achieved by installing a 125 mm 2M46MS caliber Slovak cannon with a barrel length of 48 calibres. Inside the turret, there is also a change to the location of the second round of ammunition. Significantly, the PT-91M2 demonstrated a SAVAN-15 French fire

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The system has two radars, 3D search radar and engagement radar. The search radar has a range of 26 km (16 mi) and is capable of tracking and identifying up to 64 targets at once. The radar system can be operated on the move, refreshing its data every second. The system has a laser

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At the introduction of PT-91, the intention of Polish General Staff was to equip all brigades of the 11th Armoured Cavalry Division with the PT-91. At the time, the division had four brigades: the 10th Armoured Cavalry, 15th Armoured Cavalry, 17th Mechanised, and 34th Armoured Cavalry.

1643:), sometimes known as PT-2001, is another modification project of a Polish main battle tank prepared as a future modernisation programme for the T-72 family. The programme was called for, after the first PT-91 proposition fell below requirements. Two propositions were submitted, one by 1272:

PT-17's power range includes a S1000R ESM-350M engine and a reinforced suspension. Diehl rubber tracks are used. The chassis equipment includes an auxiliary power generator (APU), air conditioning, a new steering system with shuttlecock and a PCO KDN-1 Nyks day/night reversing camera.

1140:) Production export variant for Malaysia with a Sagem Savan-15 fire control system, a new 1,000 hp powerpack, and a Renk automatic transmission, bringing its top speed to 70 km/h. Its main gun has been changed to a ZTS 2A46MS 125 mm gun, along with a 7.62 mm 987:

anti-aircraft heavy machine gun. The PT-91 has a thermosmoke device that generates smoke screens from fuel, and has 24 grenade launchers fitted with smoke, anti-personnel fragmentation, or tear gas grenades developed specifically to provide a non-lethal protection.

959:(HEAT) projectiles and missiles. The protection consisted of 394 tiles with explosives, which would detonate in case of a direct hit. The tiles cover 9 m of the tank: 108 are placed on the turret, 118 on the hull and 84 on each side's anti-HEAT screens. The 3094: 2360: 1250:

A further development introduced in 2016. Upgrades include improved armour, armament, and mobility. The hull armour and cast turret have been upgraded with add-on composite armour equivalent to up to 1000 mm RHA (rolled homogeneous armour), supplied by

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The additional composite armour of both the hull and the turret is expected to increase survival of the tank on the battlefield, as is the installed PCO SSP-1 OBRA-3 universal self-propelled vehicle system and two 6-tube intermittent grenade launchers.

1214:) A demonstrator for the SITDEF Peru 2009 military exhibition, the PT-91P is a cheaper alternative to the PT-91Ex. This variant is equipped with the latest PCO Drawa-TG fire control system, a thermal sight, and a modern communication system ( 2612: 1343:

in) machine-gun fitted to the commander's hatch. Standard equipment includes: crane with telescopic jib that can lift a maximum load of fifteen tonnes, front-mounted stabilizing dozer blade, main and secondary winches.

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The ERAWA tiles fit together almost without gaps, unlike the gaps on the modernized Soviet T-72 which measure up to 15 mm, noticeably decreasing their defensive effectiveness. There are two ERAWA modifications:

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PT-72U is equipped with a full range of new modern internal and external communication tools, allowing communication also via the internet. There were plans to modernize 84 Armenian T-72s to the PT-72U standard.

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screen instead of an eyepiece. The Thermal Elbow Sight thermal imaging sensor used in Georgian tanks is of the same (Israeli) origin as the one used on the PT-91, though the external housing is different.

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was chosen as the main design bureau. However, initially, the work progressed at a very slow pace, mainly because the Polish General Staff was also considering the purchase of a newer version of the T-72

931:. Bumar-Labedy enhanced the tank's armour protection, fire control system and the engine. In 1993, the Polish Defense Ministry ordered 20 PT-91 tanks, to be used for field trials and armed forces tests. 868: 780: 1043:, generating 850 hp instead of 780. The main improvement is the modernized fuel and air injection system. This caused, however, a noticeable decrease in the tank's road endurance. The latest 1946: 1833: 1084:

Development variant with a PZL-Wola S-1000 1,000 hp engine with mechanic transmission and a number of other minor changes. Used for trials and as a demonstrator on military exhibitions.

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The modernized tank's increased weight led the developers to add a more powerful engine: a 12-cylinder S-12U diesel engine (a modernized version of the Soviet V-46-6) produced in Warsaw by

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oldest T-72s. In early 2014, the 34th Brigade from Żagań received the first Leopard 2A5 tanks, shifting its PT-91s to the 9th Brigade in Braniewo, which previously used the T-72M1.

887:, Polish-Soviet talks on purchase of modern tanks came to a halt and support for designing a new Polish tank gained momentum. The first design proposed by the bureau was code-named 1032:

The driver uses the US-DK-1 control and diagnostic complex to control the tank's main systems, displaying information on a monitor. The driver's night sight was replaced by the

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armoured recovery vehicles, followed by orders in April 2002 (80 vehicles) and July 2005 (228 vehicles) for a total of 352 WZT-3s. These vehicles are used to support the

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vehicle) which utilizes only a handful of components from the PT-91 program such as the road wheels, suspension and S-12U power plant. It combines these with a licensed

1856:- in 2022 received some PT-91s for training in place of T-72s transferred to Ukraine, eventually like whole 18th Mechanized Division it is expected to be equipped with 1666:

Despite considerable improvements, neither was approved for financial reasons, and no prototypes were built. However, design experience helped with new PT-91 versions.

2357:"PT-91 Twardy MBT Main Battle Tank technical data pictures video | Poland Polish tanks heavy armoured vehicles UK | Poland Polish army military equipment UK" 1502:) – a tracked bridge system, based on a lengthened T-72 chassis with one additional road wheel, equipped with a MLC-70 bridge system. Closely related to a truck based 852:

gained from the production of licensed T-72M (obiekt 172M-E3 – Polish army designation T-72), T-72M1 (obiekt 172M-E5) and T-72M1K (Polish army designation T-72M1D).

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armoured recovery vehicles – taking the total to 556 vehicles. The Ministry also clarified that no global tender was floated because it was a repeat order.

1840:- probably lost some tanks in 2022, relocated to units using T-72 that were transferred to Ukraine, it is expected that eventually 9th Brigade will receive 4254: 1068:

reactive armour, a PCO SSC-1 Obra-1 laser-warning system and 850 hp PZL-Wola S-12U engine. The first 20 initial production vehicles were delivered to

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AA machine gun. This variant is equipped with a Sagem panoramic sight, a Sagem laser gyro inertial navigation system, turret stabilisation system, Obra-3

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were delivered between 1995 and 2002. 232 vehicles remain in service. An early prototype is preserved in the Land Forces Training Center museum in

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Polish president Andrzej Duda confirmed that Polish PT-91 Twardy tanks given to Kyiv by Warsaw were taking part in the fighting in Kursk region.

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Composite armour; front and side armour laminated; front, side and top armour behind Erawa-1/Erawa-2 ERA, steel side anti-cumulative screens

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Composite armour; front and side armour laminated; front, side and top armour behind Erawa-1/Erawa-2 ERA, steel side anti-cumulative screens

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M1) to Ajeya Mk2 standard, with some elements from PT-91, such as the Drawa-TE1 fire control system and the PZL-Wola S-1000 engine.

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company, part of the Bumar Group, a Polish technical military consortium. Changes from the T-72M include a new dual-axis stabilized

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battlefield management system). The vehicle was shown at a number of South American events including the SITDEF Peru 2009 Expo.

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Norbert Bączyk, Nowa Technika Wojskowa – September 2008 page 40 – Polskie wojska pancerne i zmechanizowane – meandry rozwoju.

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cameras giving the system both all-weather day/night capabilities and the ability to operate entirely passively in a heavy

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Nowa Technika Wojskowa – November 2004 page 20 – Polska w rejestrze uzbrojenia konwencjonalnego ONZ – by Jarosław Ciślak

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armoured recovery vehicles, 8 MID engineering tanks, and one prototype PZA Loara self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon).

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dynamic armour, developed by the Poland Military-Technical Institute, increased the main battle tank's protection from

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based on the PT-91/T-72 tank hull, with over 400 vehicles delivered to the clients. It is armed with a 12.7 mm (

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In October 2011, the Indian Defense Ministry announced that the state-owned BEML would produce an additional 204

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Nowa Technika Wojskowa – November 1999 page 18 – Polskie T-72 – Co dalej? - by Tomasz Begier and Dariusz Użycki

2119: 1375:– A PT-91M based variant for Malaysian Army (technically this vehicle is closely related to MID-M) – 6 vehicles 156: 185: 4280: 2565: 1886: 152: 45: 4534: 1874:

Polish PT-91 with ERAWA-2 ERA armour package during Saber Strike 18 training exercise held jointly with the

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Nowa Technika Wojskowa – November 2007 page 15 – Pokaz "Malaja" i CV90120-T na Drawsku – by Andrzej Kliński

2015: 4547: 2931: 167: 1506:. Currently in development phase, it is expected to replace a T-55 based BLG-67M bridges in Polish Army. 3791: 3554: 2840: 2003: 1573: 1556: 3758: 3588: 3562: 3439: 2471: 1999: 1330: 1161: 2516:

Andrzej Kliński, Nowa Technika Wojskowa – September 2007 page 14 – Jak można zmodernizować Twardego?

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Nowa Technika Wojskowa – October 2005 page 9 – Pierwsza prezentacja "Malaja" - by Andrzej Kliński

1145: 804: 690: 145: 3088: 2956: 2295: 1357:– A PT-91 based variant for Polish Army – 9 new vehicles and 20 WZT-3 upgraded to this standard. 4473: 4210: 3871: 1149: 98: 3036: 3937: 3932: 3393: 2735:

Nowa Technika Wojskowa – September 2008 page 16 - "Wuzetka" dla Malzezji – by Andrzej Kliński

1008: 895:), but the project was cancelled. Instead, priority was shifted to a different project named 2806:"Podwozia dla Kraba z Korei. Decyzja PGZ kończy kryzys pancernego programu | DEFENCE24" 2555:

Nowa Technika Wojskowa – April 2009 page 16 – Twardy na wystawie w Peru – by Andrzej Kliński

4624: 4619: 4342: 4150: 3355: 1870: 192: 8: 4681: 4676: 4504: 4499: 3980: 3544: 3540: 3382: 1480:– PT-91M based variant for Malaysia equipped with the 26 m (87 ft) long MLC 60 1168:). Two prototypes were made (renamed PT-91E and PT-91Ex), then 48 serial PT-91M Pendekar 1119:

tanks, and has won the competition for a new Malaysian MBT. Only one prototype was made.

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which provided a project with modified frontal armour, different mortar and sporting a

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Nowa Technika Wojskowa – February 2009 page 10 – Malaj na finiszu – by Andrzej Kliński

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In April 2023, at least 30 PT-91s were sent to Ukraine by Poland for support in the

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main battle tanks. Deliveries began in 2001, and India was planning to upgrade its

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blog recorded the loss of 9 PT-91 tanks during the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

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becomes ineffective from excessively high cross-country speed or other reasons.

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under Soviet license. The modernized main battle tank was designated the PT-91

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Andrzej Kliński, Nowa Technika Wojskowa – May 2008 page 22 – Odmłodzona Drawa.

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15 Wielkopolska Brygada Kawalerii Pancernej (15th Armoured Cavalry Brigade) –

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In 2007–2009, Bumar Łabędy delivered to Malaysia 48 PT-91M and 15 support

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Nowa Technika Wojskowa – September 2008 page 26 – Most samochodowy MS-20

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A PT-91 Twardy from the 1st Armoured Brigade on military parade in Warsaw

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uses steel anti-HEAT screens instead of the rubber one used on the T-72.

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Rejimen ke-11 KAD is the sole user of PT-91M in the Malaysian Army.

1890: 1864: 1752: 134: 4489: 4408: 4219: 4188: 4183: 4178: 4115: 4090: 4072: 4037: 4032: 3927: 3884: 3410: 3329: 3262: 3242: 2609:"The new PT-72U main battle tank for urban operations at MSPO 2011" 2215: 1935:

17 Wielkopolska Brygada Zmechanizowana (17th Mechanized Brigade) –

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variants have the 1,000 hp S-1000 engine with a turbocharger.

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with an OBRUM's UPG-NG chassis (a heavily modified variant of the

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Centrum Szkolenia Wojsk Lądowych (Land Forces Training Center) –

1639: 1615: 1610: 1252: 1169: 864: 1471:– PT-91 based prototype vehicle with MLC-60 bridge. Not adopted. 1218:

RRC9310 radio, WB Electronics Fonet-IP communication system and

4514: 4509: 4463: 4438: 4057: 4042: 3970: 3904: 3894: 3809: 3804: 3743: 3585: 3416: 3157: 2189: 1756: 1548:

artillery system developed in the late 1990s. Based around the

1524: 1456:) – Polish Armoured Vehicle Launched Bridge is a close-support 1304: 1219: 1141: 684: 568: 294: 2048:

Number of PT-91M delivered to Malaysian Land Forces each year

4529: 4524: 4448: 4265: 4130: 4125: 3879: 3834: 3781: 3776: 3738: 3733: 3667: 3463: 3426: 2573: 2130: 2107: 2103: 2036: 1711: 1560: 1461: 1418: 1379: 1152:, and is integrated with 81 mm smoke grenade launchers, 1021: 1755:. 38 support vehicles were based on the T-72/PT-91 hull (29 883:

After the political upheaval of 1989 and dissolution of the

779:, it entered service in 1995. The PT-91 was designed at the 4651: 4593: 4561: 4433: 4413: 4386: 4304: 4296: 3919: 3839: 3695: 3690: 3672: 3649: 3644: 3639: 3629: 3485: 3277: 3252: 3247: 2271: 2263: 2123: 2115: 2111: 2011: 1698: 1652: 1569: 1552:

chassis, this system mounts an armoured turret holding two

1210: 1180: 1153: 1112: 1108: 979: 924: 916: 877: 873: 844: 745: 514: 2478: 1422:) – Polish engineering tank based on the PT-91 tank hull. 1369:– A T-72 based variant for Indian Army – 352 vehicles made 3387: 3052:"The Kielbasa Connection: Polish Military Aid To Ukraine" 1318: 789:

Research and Development Centre for Mechanical Appliances

1435:– A PT-91M based variant for Malaysian Army – 3 vehicles 1702:) is a 155 mm self-propelled howitzer designed by 3095:

PT-91 Twardy main battle tank Polish Defense industry

2706: 2704: 1351:– A T-72 based variant for Polish Army – 20 vehicles. 2588:"Peru army plans arms purchase, tests Chinese tanks" 1429:– A PT-91 based variant for Polish Army – 8 vehicles 687:

coaxial general-purpose machine gun (2,000 rounds),

1970:company commander and company's second in command. 436:coaxial general-purpose machine gun (2,000 rounds) 159:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3130: 2701: 1990:A PT-91M Pendekar of the Malaysian Army on display 2953:"More Armoured Recovery Vehicles for Indian Army" 1836:(9th Armoured Cavalry Brigade) – two battalions, 785:Ośrodek Badawczo-Rozwojowy Urządzeń Mechanicznych 4713: 1540:, meaning "AA Artillery System"; “Loara” means “ 19:"Twardy" redirects here. For the conductor, see 2800: 2798: 1622:. The program was cancelled at an early stage. 1160:communication system. It also features ERAWA 2 919:modernization programs were implemented by the 2832: 2590:. Associated Press. 2009-12-09. Archived from 2321: 2319: 2317: 2315: 2313: 2311: 2309: 4281: 3570: 3116: 2684:"PT-16 Main Battle Tank | Military-Today.com" 2659:"PT-16 Main Battle Tank | Military-Today.com" 667:1 × Rh-120 L/44 120 mm or Rh-120 L/55 120 mm 420:1 × 125 mm 2A46 (D-81TM) gun (42 rounds) 369:6.95 m (9.67 with barrel in forward position) 2992:"Ukraina: nowa brygada na czołgach z Polski" 2913: 2911: 2795: 2542: 2540: 2428: 2426: 2424: 2422: 2374: 1225: 693:anti-aircraft heavy machine gun (250 rounds) 541:PT-91M Pendekar of Malaysian Army on display 2558: 2512: 2510: 2508: 2498: 2496: 2420: 2418: 2416: 2414: 2412: 2410: 2408: 2406: 2404: 2402: 2306: 1544:” in Polish) is an armoured self-propelled 60:Learn how and when to remove these messages 4288: 4274: 3577: 3563: 3529: 3123: 3109: 2955:. Defense News. 2011-10-17. Archived from 2634:"Polacy zmodernizują czołgi T-72 Armenii?" 2014:, spares and support for US$ 370 million. 1769:delivered to Polish Land Forces each year 509:650 km (700 km with extra fuel tanks) 4742:Military vehicles introduced in the 1990s 3534:List of modern armoured fighting vehicles 2978:"Ex-Polish PT-91 Twardy tanks in Ukraine" 2908: 2823: 2549: 2537: 2528: 1882:Former units equipped with PT-91 Twardy: 1564:component of a wider air defense system. 616:(10.03 m with barrel in forward position) 237:Learn how and when to remove this message 219:Learn how and when to remove this message 117:Learn how and when to remove this message 2603: 2601: 2505: 2493: 2399: 2166: 1985: 1869: 1820: 1679: 1523: 1460:. The PMC-90, developed on the basis of 1378: 1309: 1179: 993: 933: 854: 80:This article includes a list of general 2443:"Zak?ady Mechaniczne Bumar ?ab?dy S.A." 1718:turret armed with a 52-calibre gun and 1144:coaxial machine gun and a 12.7 mm 4714: 2787:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 2290: 2288: 1829:Units equipped with the PT-91 Twardy: 1737: 4269: 3558: 3104: 2930:. Vadimvswar.narod.ru. Archived from 2891:"Ulang Tahun Kor Armour Diraja ke 58" 2598: 2566:"PT-91P popłynął na SITDEF Peru 2009" 2155:They were used by Ukraine during the 2033:11th Regiment of Royal Armoured Corps 2010:and one SJ-09 driver training tank), 766: 2351: 2349: 2347: 2175: 1893:- one battalion, 2015 replaced with 1844:like whole 16th Mechanized Division. 1064:have a SKO-1 Drawa (with NV sight), 157:adding citations to reliable sources 128: 66: 25: 2712:"MSPO 2017: Czołgi PT-17 i PT-91M2" 2285: 2148:As of the 3 of September 2024, the 1538:Przeciwlotniczy Zestaw Artyleryjski 1298: 1156:warning and protection system, and 938:The driver's control panel, US-DK-1 13: 2580: 2157:August 2024 Kursk Oblast incursion 1949:(34th Armoured Cavalry Brigade) – 1917:(10th Armoured Cavalry Brigade) – 1684:AHS Krab during a parade in Poland 1122: 923:factory, which had been producing 86:it lacks sufficient corresponding 14: 4758: 4161:Self-propelled anti-aircraft guns 3072: 2841:"Afera czołgowa w polskiej armii" 2838: 2344: 1905:2 Brygada Zmechanizowana Legionów 1172:were produced from 2007 to 2009. 41:This article has multiple issues. 4732:Science and technology in Poland 3528: 3519: 3518: 3084:PT-91Ex on Bumar-Łabędy Web Site 3049: 2266:: The PT-91 was proposed to the 2256: 2231: 2208: 2182: 2008:armoured vehicle-launched bridge 1076: 903:problem was the lack of passive 584: 561: 535: 442:T heavy machine gun (300 rounds) 287: 261: 133: 71: 30: 4722:Post–Cold War main battle tanks 3043: 3029: 3012: 2998: 2984: 2970: 2945: 2920: 2897:from the original on 2016-03-10 2883: 2858: 2847:from the original on 2012-03-31 2751: 2738: 2729: 2718:from the original on 2017-09-13 2690:from the original on 2016-10-19 2676: 2665:from the original on 2016-10-19 2651: 2640:from the original on 2013-12-13 2626: 2615:from the original on 2013-12-11 2519: 2388:from the original on 2007-12-24 2363:from the original on 2017-04-02 2333:from the original on 2007-12-24 2143:2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive 1625: 1323:Wóz Zabezpieczenia Technicznego 1164:, and German-made tank tracks ( 1087: 1055: 843:modernized all of its obsolete 144:needs additional citations for 49:or discuss these issues on the 4295: 3132:Tanks of the post–Cold War era 3079:PT-91 on Bumar-Łabędy Web Site 3037:"Heavy armour remains popular" 2464: 2435: 2249: 2018:was reached 1 September 2010. 1947:34 Brygada Kawalerii Pancernej 1915:10 Brygada Kawalerii Pancernej 1901:like the rest of 18th Division 1722:Artillery Fire Control System 1592: 1387: 910: 342: 310: 1: 3512:Cancelled or derelict project 3089:PT-91 Twardy Main Battle Tank 2278: 1932:(unit disbanded in June 2007) 1887:1 Warszawska Brygada Pancerna 1834:9 Brygada Kawalerii Pancernej 998:The drawa fire control system 771:, English: Hard) is a Polish 463:18.5 hp/tonne (13.8 kW/tonne) 3900:BRDM-2M96/M96i/M96ik/M97/M98 2866:"Gotowość operacyjna PT-91M" 2162: 2021:Units equipped with PT-91M: 1510: 1402:Maszyna Inżynieryjno-Drogowa 1175: 722:Automatic RENK-SESM/ESM-350M 7: 4727:Main battle tanks of Poland 4548:T-72 operators and variants 3792:Armoured personnel carriers 3022:. Reuters. 24 August 2024. 2006:, 5 PMC Leguan {PMC-91M} - 1981: 1897:, since 2023 equipped with 1406:Engineering-Roading Machine 1329:: it indicates a family of 1184:A PT-91E on company display 1050: 706:1,000 hp (750 kW) 10: 4763: 3759:Infantry fighting vehicles 3589:armoured fighting vehicles 2382:""PT-91A on Modern Tanks"" 2136: 2088: 2051: 1772: 1673: 1517: 1484:. 5 vehicles for Malaysia. 1331:armoured recovery vehicles 1285: 834: 803:, a more powerful engine, 18: 4659: 4650: 4633: 4602: 4569: 4560: 4543: 4482: 4394: 4385: 4330: 4312: 4303: 4207: 4159: 4081: 4018: 3953:Four-wheel drive vehicles 3951: 3918: 3870: 3790: 3757: 3704: 3681: 3658: 3596: 3507: 3440:Main Ground Combat System 3343: 3291: 3138: 2327:""PT-91 on Modern Tanks"" 2296:"PT-91 Twardy MBT (1993)" 2082:18 + 15 support vehicles 2073:SP2 prototype for trials 2070:SP1 prototype for trials 2047: 2000:armoured recovery vehicle 1907:(2nd Mechanised Brigade) 1854:19 Brygada Zmechanizowana 1848:15 Brygada Zmechanizowana 1764: 1742: 1327:Technical Support Vehicle 1226:PT-72U / PT-91U / PT-91EU 1199: 1162:Explosive Reactive Armour 791:) and is produced by the 744: 736: 726: 718: 710: 697: 675: 659: 649: 644: 636: 628: 620: 610: 602: 597: 579: 574: 557:Place of origin 556: 546: 534: 527: 513: 501: 493: 485: 475: 467: 459: 455:850 hp (630 kW) 446: 424: 412: 402: 397: 389: 381: 373: 365: 357: 352: 341: 331: 326: 316: 305: 300: 283:Place of origin 282: 272: 260: 253: 4020:Self-propelled artillery 2868:. Altair. Archived from 2171:A map of PT-91 operators 2097: 1651:–like a turret with the 1580: 1450:Pomocniczy Most Czołgowy 1303: 1266: 1245: 957:high-explosive anti-tank 859:POD-72 commander's sight 2893:. YouTube. 2010-09-03. 2274:, but was not selected. 1889:(1st Armoured Brigade) 1669: 978:is armed with the same 915:Starting in July 1991, 839:In the late 1980s, the 775:. A development of the 101:more precise citations. 16:Polish main battle tank 4737:Tanks with autoloaders 4211:surface-to-air missile 3097:at armyrecognition.com 2300:tanks-encyclopedia.com 2172: 2122:tanks (local name for 1991: 1879: 1860:(expected since 2025). 1826: 1685: 1557:KDA 35 mm cannons 1529: 1439: 1384: 1321:is the acronym of for 1315: 1185: 1016:, developed by Polish 999: 939: 860: 3394:M8 armored gun system 3091:at globalsecurity.org 2170: 1989: 1873: 1824: 1683: 1568:range-finder, TV and 1527: 1454:Auxiliary Tank Bridge 1382: 1313: 1183: 1036:passive night sight. 997: 937: 858: 764:Polish pronunciation: 737:Ground clearance 486:Ground clearance 2763:www.obrum.gliwice.pl 2748:– by Michał Sitarski 2611:. Army Recognition. 2446:www.bumar.gliwice.pl 2016:Operating capability 2002:, 3 MID-M {MID-91M} 1482:Leguan bridge system 1150:laser-warning system 847:tanks to the T-55AM 153:improve this article 4535:155mm ShKH Himalaya 3981:Land Rover Defender 3545:Tank classification 3541:History of the tank 3524:Post–Cold War tanks 3383:Kaplan MT / Harimau 2959:on January 21, 2013 2481:on 7 September 2008 1998:(6 WZT-4 {WZT-91M} 1738:Operational history 1730:by the Korean-made 1014:fire control system 797:fire-control system 714:20.6 hp/t (16 kW/t) 321:Russo-Ukrainian War 4667:2S35 Koalitsiya-SV 3591:after World War II 3446:Marder medium tank 3008:. 21 January 2024. 2769:on 3 November 2013 2576:on April 13, 2009. 2472:"Bumar sp. Z o.o." 2452:on 5 February 2007 2173: 1992: 1880: 1876:United States Army 1827: 1686: 1530: 1385: 1316: 1314:Polish Army WZT-3M 1186: 1070:Polish Land Forces 1004:Drawa (uzbrojenie) 1000: 940: 861: 768:[ˈtfar.dɨ] 669:Rheinmetall Rh-120 494:Fuel capacity 327:Production history 4709: 4708: 4705: 4704: 4646: 4645: 4571:Main battle tanks 4556: 4555: 4396:Main battle tanks 4381: 4380: 4314:Main battle tanks 4263: 4262: 3855:Transporter Waran 3598:Main battle tanks 3552: 3551: 3378:CV90105 / CV90120 2570:www.altair.com.pl 2176:Current operators 2086: 2085: 2028:Kor Armour DiRaja 1819: 1818: 1734:tracked chassis. 1146:FN Browning M2 HB 1029:projectile type. 876:S) or the modern 754: 753: 689:1 x 12.7 mm 523: 522: 438:1 × 12.7 mm 247: 246: 239: 229: 228: 221: 203: 127: 126: 119: 64: 4754: 4657: 4656: 4567: 4566: 4392: 4391: 4310: 4309: 4290: 4283: 4276: 4267: 4266: 4174:ZSU-23-4MP Biała 4083:Rocket artillery 4011: 3999: 3863: 3606:K2 Black Panther 3579: 3572: 3565: 3556: 3555: 3532: 3531: 3522: 3521: 3513: 3495: 3488: 3466: 3459: 3442: 3435: 3413: 3396: 3369: 3178:K2 Black Panther 3125: 3118: 3111: 3102: 3101: 3066: 3065: 3063: 3062: 3047: 3041: 3040: 3039:. February 2011. 3033: 3027: 3026: 3016: 3010: 3009: 3002: 2996: 2995: 2988: 2982: 2981: 2980:. 19 April 2023. 2974: 2968: 2967: 2965: 2964: 2949: 2943: 2942: 2940: 2939: 2924: 2918: 2915: 2906: 2905: 2903: 2902: 2887: 2881: 2880: 2878: 2877: 2862: 2856: 2855: 2853: 2852: 2836: 2830: 2827: 2821: 2820: 2818: 2817: 2808:. Archived from 2802: 2793: 2792: 2786: 2778: 2776: 2774: 2765:. Archived from 2755: 2749: 2742: 2736: 2733: 2727: 2726: 2724: 2723: 2708: 2699: 2698: 2696: 2695: 2680: 2674: 2673: 2671: 2670: 2655: 2649: 2648: 2646: 2645: 2630: 2624: 2623: 2621: 2620: 2605: 2596: 2595: 2584: 2578: 2577: 2572:. Archived from 2562: 2556: 2553: 2547: 2544: 2535: 2532: 2526: 2523: 2517: 2514: 2503: 2500: 2491: 2490: 2488: 2486: 2477:. Archived from 2468: 2462: 2461: 2459: 2457: 2448:. Archived from 2439: 2433: 2430: 2397: 2396: 2394: 2393: 2378: 2372: 2371: 2369: 2368: 2353: 2342: 2341: 2339: 2338: 2323: 2304: 2303: 2292: 2262: 2260: 2259: 2237: 2235: 2234: 2214: 2212: 2211: 2188: 2186: 2185: 2045: 2044: 2004:engineering tank 1842:K2 Black Panther 1762: 1761: 1496:Most Gąsienicowy 1488:MG-20 Daglezja-G 1342: 1341: 1337: 1299:Related vehicles 1012: 953: 907:aiming systems. 831:, respectively. 809:automatic loader 773:main battle tank 770: 765: 747: 590: 588: 587: 567: 565: 564: 551:Main battle tank 539: 530: 529:PT-91M Pendekar 525: 524: 516: 344: 293: 291: 290: 277:Main battle tank 265: 256: 251: 250: 242: 235: 224: 217: 213: 210: 204: 202: 161: 137: 129: 122: 115: 111: 108: 102: 97:this article by 88:inline citations 75: 74: 67: 56: 34: 33: 26: 4762: 4761: 4757: 4756: 4755: 4753: 4752: 4751: 4712: 4711: 4710: 4701: 4672:BMPT Terminator 4642: 4629: 4598: 4552: 4539: 4495:BMPT Terminator 4478: 4474:Lion of Babylon 4377: 4326: 4299: 4294: 4264: 4259: 4209: 4203: 4155: 4077: 4014: 4005: 3993: 3947: 3914: 3866: 3857: 3786: 3753: 3706:Tank destroyers 3700: 3677: 3654: 3592: 3583: 3553: 3548: 3511: 3503: 3491: 3484: 3462: 3455: 3438: 3431: 3409: 3392: 3365: 3348: 3339: 3335:ZTD-05 / ZLT-05 3287: 3134: 3129: 3075: 3070: 3069: 3060: 3058: 3048: 3044: 3035: 3034: 3030: 3018: 3017: 3013: 3004: 3003: 2999: 2994:. 28 June 2023. 2990: 2989: 2985: 2976: 2975: 2971: 2962: 2960: 2951: 2950: 2946: 2937: 2935: 2926: 2925: 2921: 2916: 2909: 2900: 2898: 2889: 2888: 2884: 2875: 2873: 2864: 2863: 2859: 2850: 2848: 2837: 2833: 2828: 2824: 2815: 2813: 2804: 2803: 2796: 2780: 2779: 2772: 2770: 2759:"Archived copy" 2757: 2756: 2752: 2743: 2739: 2734: 2730: 2721: 2719: 2710: 2709: 2702: 2693: 2691: 2682: 2681: 2677: 2668: 2666: 2657: 2656: 2652: 2643: 2641: 2632: 2631: 2627: 2618: 2616: 2607: 2606: 2599: 2586: 2585: 2581: 2564: 2563: 2559: 2554: 2550: 2545: 2538: 2533: 2529: 2524: 2520: 2515: 2506: 2501: 2494: 2484: 2482: 2470: 2469: 2465: 2455: 2453: 2441: 2440: 2436: 2431: 2400: 2391: 2389: 2380: 2379: 2375: 2366: 2364: 2355: 2354: 2345: 2336: 2334: 2325: 2324: 2307: 2294: 2293: 2286: 2281: 2270:to replace its 2257: 2255: 2252: 2232: 2230: 2209: 2207: 2183: 2181: 2178: 2165: 2139: 2102:In April 1999, 2100: 2091: 1984: 1953:(replaced with 1939:(replaced with 1921:(replaced with 1765:Number of PT-91 1745: 1740: 1678: 1672: 1631: 1598: 1583: 1577:naval targets. 1522: 1516: 1442: 1394: 1383:Polish Army MID 1339: 1335: 1334: 1308: 1301: 1288: 1269: 1261:mass production 1248: 1228: 1202: 1178: 1128: 1093: 1082: 1061: 1053: 1006: 947: 913: 837: 801:reactive armour 763: 756: 755: 705: 688: 680: 678: 664: 662: 645: 615: 585: 583: 575:Service history 562: 560: 542: 528: 506: 504: 454: 437: 429: 427: 417: 415: 398: 301:Service history 288: 286: 268: 254: 243: 232: 231: 230: 225: 214: 208: 205: 162: 160: 150: 138: 123: 112: 106: 103: 93:Please help to 92: 76: 72: 35: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4760: 4750: 4749: 4744: 4739: 4734: 4729: 4724: 4707: 4706: 4703: 4702: 4700: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4663: 4661: 4660:Other variants 4654: 4648: 4647: 4644: 4643: 4641: 4640: 4634: 4631: 4630: 4628: 4627: 4622: 4617: 4612: 4606: 4604: 4603:Other variants 4600: 4599: 4597: 4596: 4591: 4586: 4581: 4575: 4573: 4564: 4558: 4557: 4554: 4553: 4551: 4550: 4544: 4541: 4540: 4538: 4537: 4532: 4527: 4522: 4517: 4512: 4507: 4502: 4497: 4492: 4486: 4484: 4483:Other variants 4480: 4479: 4477: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4400: 4398: 4389: 4383: 4382: 4379: 4378: 4376: 4375: 4370: 4365: 4360: 4355: 4350: 4345: 4340: 4334: 4332: 4331:Other variants 4328: 4327: 4325: 4324: 4318: 4316: 4307: 4301: 4300: 4293: 4292: 4285: 4278: 4270: 4261: 4260: 4258: 4257: 4252: 4247: 4245:9K35 Strela-10 4242: 4237: 4232: 4227: 4222: 4216: 4214: 4208:Self-propelled 4205: 4204: 4202: 4201: 4196: 4191: 4186: 4181: 4176: 4171: 4165: 4163: 4157: 4156: 4154: 4153: 4148: 4143: 4138: 4133: 4128: 4123: 4118: 4113: 4111:WR-40 Langusta 4108: 4103: 4098: 4093: 4087: 4085: 4079: 4078: 4076: 4075: 4070: 4065: 4060: 4055: 4050: 4045: 4040: 4035: 4030: 4024: 4022: 4016: 4015: 4013: 4012: 4000: 3988: 3983: 3978: 3973: 3968: 3963: 3957: 3955: 3949: 3948: 3946: 3945: 3940: 3935: 3930: 3924: 3922: 3916: 3915: 3913: 3912: 3907: 3902: 3897: 3892: 3887: 3882: 3876: 3874: 3868: 3867: 3865: 3864: 3852: 3847: 3842: 3837: 3832: 3827: 3822: 3817: 3812: 3807: 3802: 3796: 3794: 3788: 3787: 3785: 3784: 3779: 3774: 3769: 3763: 3761: 3755: 3754: 3752: 3751: 3746: 3741: 3736: 3731: 3726: 3721: 3716: 3710: 3708: 3702: 3701: 3699: 3698: 3693: 3687: 3685: 3679: 3678: 3676: 3675: 3670: 3664: 3662: 3656: 3655: 3653: 3652: 3647: 3642: 3637: 3632: 3627: 3622: 3617: 3608: 3602: 3600: 3594: 3593: 3582: 3581: 3574: 3567: 3559: 3550: 3549: 3537: 3536: 3526: 3515: 3514: 3508: 3505: 3504: 3502: 3501: 3496: 3489: 3482: 3477: 3472: 3467: 3460: 3453: 3448: 3443: 3436: 3429: 3424: 3419: 3414: 3407: 3402: 3397: 3390: 3385: 3380: 3375: 3370: 3363: 3358: 3352: 3350: 3341: 3340: 3338: 3337: 3332: 3327: 3325:Type 15 / VT-5 3322: 3317: 3312: 3307: 3301: 3299: 3289: 3288: 3286: 3285: 3280: 3275: 3270: 3265: 3260: 3255: 3250: 3245: 3240: 3238:Stridsvagn 122 3235: 3230: 3225: 3220: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3200: 3195: 3190: 3185: 3180: 3175: 3170: 3165: 3160: 3155: 3150: 3148:Al-Khalid tank 3144: 3142: 3136: 3135: 3128: 3127: 3120: 3113: 3105: 3099: 3098: 3092: 3086: 3081: 3074: 3073:External links 3071: 3068: 3067: 3042: 3028: 3011: 2997: 2983: 2969: 2944: 2919: 2907: 2882: 2857: 2831: 2822: 2794: 2750: 2737: 2728: 2700: 2675: 2650: 2625: 2597: 2594:on 2009-12-14. 2579: 2557: 2548: 2536: 2527: 2518: 2504: 2492: 2463: 2434: 2398: 2373: 2343: 2305: 2283: 2282: 2280: 2277: 2276: 2275: 2251: 2248: 2247: 2246: 2242: 2241: 2227: 2226: 2219: 2218: 2204: 2203: 2200: 2197: 2193: 2192: 2177: 2174: 2164: 2161: 2138: 2135: 2099: 2096: 2090: 2087: 2084: 2083: 2080: 2077: 2074: 2071: 2067: 2066: 2063: 2060: 2057: 2054: 2050: 2049: 2040: 2039: 2026:Rejimen ke-11 1983: 1980: 1959: 1958: 1944: 1933: 1926: 1912: 1902: 1868: 1867: 1861: 1851: 1845: 1817: 1816: 1813: 1810: 1807: 1804: 1801: 1798: 1794: 1793: 1790: 1787: 1784: 1781: 1778: 1775: 1771: 1770: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1736: 1720:WB Electronics 1674:Main article: 1671: 1668: 1630: 1624: 1597: 1591: 1582: 1579: 1518:Main article: 1515: 1509: 1508: 1507: 1504:MS-20 Daglezja 1500:Tracked Bridge 1485: 1472: 1441: 1438: 1437: 1436: 1430: 1393: 1386: 1377: 1376: 1370: 1364: 1358: 1352: 1307: 1302: 1300: 1297: 1287: 1284: 1268: 1265: 1247: 1244: 1227: 1224: 1201: 1198: 1177: 1174: 1127: 1121: 1101:Zmodernizowany 1092: 1086: 1081: 1075: 1060: 1054: 1052: 1049: 912: 909: 836: 833: 817:Czech Republic 752: 751: 748: 746:Maximum speed 742: 741: 738: 734: 733: 728: 724: 723: 720: 716: 715: 712: 708: 707: 704:S-1000R diesel 699: 695: 694: 681: 676: 673: 672: 665: 660: 657: 656: 653: 647: 646: 642: 641: 638: 634: 633: 630: 626: 625: 622: 618: 617: 612: 608: 607: 604: 600: 599: 598:Specifications 595: 594: 581: 577: 576: 572: 571: 558: 554: 553: 548: 544: 543: 540: 532: 531: 521: 520: 517: 515:Maximum speed 511: 510: 507: 502: 499: 498: 495: 491: 490: 487: 483: 482: 477: 473: 472: 469: 465: 464: 461: 457: 456: 448: 444: 443: 430: 425: 422: 421: 418: 413: 410: 409: 406: 400: 399: 395: 394: 391: 387: 386: 383: 379: 378: 375: 371: 370: 367: 363: 362: 359: 355: 354: 353:Specifications 350: 349: 346: 339: 338: 333: 329: 328: 324: 323: 318: 314: 313: 307: 303: 302: 298: 297: 284: 280: 279: 274: 270: 269: 266: 258: 257: 249: 248: 245: 244: 227: 226: 168:"PT-91 Twardy" 141: 139: 132: 125: 124: 79: 77: 70: 65: 39: 38: 36: 29: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4759: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4738: 4735: 4733: 4730: 4728: 4725: 4723: 4720: 4719: 4717: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4664: 4662: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4649: 4639: 4636: 4635: 4632: 4626: 4623: 4621: 4618: 4616: 4613: 4611: 4608: 4607: 4605: 4601: 4595: 4592: 4590: 4587: 4585: 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3680: 3674: 3671: 3669: 3666: 3665: 3663: 3661: 3657: 3651: 3648: 3646: 3643: 3641: 3638: 3636: 3635:T-55AM Merida 3633: 3631: 3628: 3626: 3623: 3621: 3618: 3616: 3612: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3603: 3601: 3599: 3595: 3590: 3587: 3580: 3575: 3573: 3568: 3566: 3561: 3560: 3557: 3547: 3546: 3542: 3535: 3527: 3525: 3517: 3516: 3510: 3509: 3506: 3500: 3497: 3494: 3490: 3487: 3483: 3481: 3478: 3476: 3473: 3471: 3468: 3465: 3461: 3458: 3454: 3452: 3449: 3447: 3444: 3441: 3437: 3434: 3430: 3428: 3425: 3423: 3420: 3418: 3415: 3412: 3408: 3406: 3403: 3401: 3398: 3395: 3391: 3389: 3386: 3384: 3381: 3379: 3376: 3374: 3371: 3368: 3364: 3362: 3359: 3357: 3354: 3353: 3351: 3349:experimentals 3346: 3342: 3336: 3333: 3331: 3328: 3326: 3323: 3321: 3318: 3316: 3315:2S25 Sprut-SD 3313: 3311: 3308: 3306: 3303: 3302: 3300: 3298: 3294: 3290: 3284: 3281: 3279: 3276: 3274: 3271: 3269: 3266: 3264: 3261: 3259: 3256: 3254: 3251: 3249: 3246: 3244: 3241: 3239: 3236: 3234: 3231: 3229: 3226: 3224: 3221: 3219: 3216: 3214: 3211: 3209: 3206: 3204: 3201: 3199: 3196: 3194: 3191: 3189: 3186: 3184: 3181: 3179: 3176: 3174: 3171: 3169: 3166: 3164: 3161: 3159: 3156: 3154: 3151: 3149: 3146: 3145: 3143: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3126: 3121: 3119: 3114: 3112: 3107: 3106: 3103: 3096: 3093: 3090: 3087: 3085: 3082: 3080: 3077: 3076: 3057: 3053: 3046: 3038: 3032: 3025: 3021: 3015: 3007: 3001: 2993: 2987: 2979: 2973: 2958: 2954: 2948: 2934:on 2011-09-30 2933: 2929: 2923: 2914: 2912: 2896: 2892: 2886: 2872:on 2011-09-29 2871: 2867: 2861: 2846: 2842: 2835: 2826: 2812:on 2016-11-12 2811: 2807: 2801: 2799: 2790: 2784: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2754: 2747: 2741: 2732: 2717: 2713: 2707: 2705: 2689: 2685: 2679: 2664: 2660: 2654: 2639: 2635: 2629: 2614: 2610: 2604: 2602: 2593: 2589: 2583: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2561: 2552: 2543: 2541: 2531: 2522: 2513: 2511: 2509: 2499: 2497: 2480: 2476: 2475:www.bumar.com 2473: 2467: 2451: 2447: 2444: 2438: 2429: 2427: 2425: 2423: 2421: 2419: 2417: 2415: 2413: 2411: 2409: 2407: 2405: 2403: 2387: 2383: 2377: 2362: 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83: 78: 69: 68: 63: 61: 54: 53: 48: 47: 42: 37: 28: 27: 22: 4610:1K17 Szhatie 4424:PT-91 Twardy 4423: 4419:Type 99 tank 4338:BMPT Azovets 4235:2K11M Krug-M 4220:9K33M3 Osa-P 4194:PSR-A Pilica 4146:K239 Chunmoo 3938:MaxxPro Dash 3872:Armored cars 3767:KBWP Rosomak 3625:PT-91 Twardy 3624: 3539:Background: 3538: 3451:Panther KF51 3373:Challenger 3 3223:PT-91 Twardy 3222: 3168:Challenger 2 3059:. 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Retrieved 2299: 2223: 2202:113 PT-91MA1 2154: 2147: 2140: 2128: 2101: 2092: 2041: 2032: 2025: 2020: 1993: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1881: 1828: 1766: 1748: 1746: 1728: 1715: 1697: 1689: 1687: 1665: 1638: 1633:The Gepard ( 1632: 1627: 1609: 1601: 1599: 1594: 1585: 1584: 1566: 1559:linked to a 1549: 1537: 1533: 1531: 1512: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1476: 1474: 1468: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1443: 1432: 1426: 1417: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1395: 1389: 1372: 1366: 1360: 1354: 1348: 1326: 1322: 1317: 1293: 1289: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1257: 1249: 1240: 1236:Urbanizowany 1235: 1231: 1229: 1209: 1205: 1203: 1193: 1189: 1187: 1135: 1131: 1129: 1124: 1104: 1103:– literally 1100: 1096: 1094: 1089: 1083: 1078: 1065: 1062: 1057: 1044: 1038: 1033: 1031: 1001: 989: 982:125 mm 975: 973: 968: 965: 960: 943: 941: 928: 921:Bumar-Labedy 914: 905:night vision 901: 896: 892: 891:(Polish for 888: 882: 862: 848: 838: 828: 824: 813: 805:transmission 793:Bumar Łabędy 788: 784: 760:PT-91 Twardy 759: 757: 719:Transmission 711:Power/weight 606:48.5 tonnes 580:Used by 468:Transmission 460:Power/weight 453:S-12U diesel 336:Bumar-Łabędy 332:Manufacturer 306:Used by 267:PT-91 Twardy 233: 215: 206: 196: 189: 182: 175: 163: 151:Please help 146:verification 143: 113: 104: 85: 57: 50: 44: 43:Please help 40: 21:Roman Twardy 4638:T-80 models 4615:2S19 Msta-S 4579:Black Eagle 4454:M-95 Degman 4348:BMPT Strahz 4255:SPZR Poprad 4225:2K12M Kub-M 4141:M142 HIMARS 4106:9K72 Elbrus 4101:9K52 Luna-M 4053:Dana wz. 77 4028:2S1 Goździk 4006: [ 3994: [ 3961:Ford Ranger 3858: [ 3845:OT-62 TOPAS 3815:KTO Rosomak 3683:Heavy tanks 3660:Light tanks 3615:Leopard 2PL 3475:T-14 Armata 3433:M-95 Degman 3367:Black Eagle 3203:Leopard 2PL 3140:Main battle 2250:Failed bids 2106:ordered 44 1957:in 2014-15) 1955:Leopard 2A5 1941:KTO Rosomak 1937:Międzyrzecz 1925:in 2002-03) 1923:Leopard 2A4 1458:bridgelayer 1007: [ 948: [ 911:Development 885:Soviet bloc 841:Polish Army 731:torsion-bar 683:1 × 7.62mm 671:(42 rounds) 503:Operational 480:torsion-bar 432:1 × 7.62mm 361:45.9 tonnes 345: built 99:introducing 4716:Categories 4589:Obiekt 785 4584:Obiekt 292 4459:Obiekt 187 4368:Object 772 4363:Object 775 4297:T-64 tanks 4250:Mała Narew 4121:BM-21 Grad 4048:K9 Thunder 3976:Mercedes G 3850:OT-64 SKOT 3825:SPG Kalina 3772:BWP Borsuk 3499:Zorawar LT 3400:M10 Booker 3345:Prototypes 3310:Sabre CVRT 3218:Pokpung-ho 3213:Merkava IV 3198:Leopard 2E 3061:2023-11-12 2963:2011-11-14 2938:2011-11-14 2901:2011-11-14 2876:2011-11-14 2851:2011-11-14 2816:2017-08-29 2773:15 January 2722:2017-09-13 2694:2016-10-29 2669:2016-10-29 2644:2013-12-06 2619:2013-12-06 2485:11 January 2456:11 January 2392:2007-11-25 2367:2017-04-02 2337:2007-11-25 2279:References 2222:60 PT-91M 2199:24 PT-91MA 1919:Świętoszów 1909:Złocieniec 1774:1995–1996 1716:Braveheart 1663:main gun. 1655:main gun. 1325:literally 1105:Modernized 1073:PT-91MA1. 984:smoothbore 727:Suspension 476:Suspension 348:Around 285 179:newspapers 82:references 46:improve it 4520:PZA Loara 4404:T-72 Adra 4169:PZA Loara 3910:D-442 FUG 3620:M1 Abrams 3611:Leopard 2 3228:Ramses II 3208:M1 Abrams 3193:Leopard 2 3153:Al-Zarrar 2843:. rp.pl. 2245:60 PT-91U 2163:Operators 2120:Ajeya Mk1 1899:M1 Abrams 1895:Leopard 2 1858:M1 Abrams 1747:233 PT-91 1528:PZA Loara 1520:PZA Loara 1176:PT-91E/Ex 1018:engineers 821:T-72M4 CZ 677:Secondary 426:Secondary 209:July 2022 107:June 2024 52:talk page 4490:2S7 Pion 4409:T-72M4CZ 4353:BMP-K-64 4189:ZSU-57-2 4184:ZSU-23-4 4179:Hibneryt 4116:RM-70/85 4091:2K6 Luna 4073:M120 Rak 4033:2S7 Pion 3991:PWA Aero 3928:Cougar H 3890:AMZ Żubr 3885:AMZ Dzik 3411:M60-2000 3330:Type 63A 3283:Zulfiqar 3263:Type 72Z 3243:T-72M4CZ 2895:Archived 2845:Archived 2783:cite web 2746:Daglezja 2716:Archived 2688:Archived 2663:Archived 2638:Archived 2613:Archived 2386:Archived 2361:Archived 2331:Archived 2224:Pendekar 2216:Malaysia 2196:30 PT-91 1996:vehicles 1982:Malaysia 1838:Braniewo 1704:HSW S.A. 1676:AHS Krab 1554:Oerlikon 1170:vehicles 1137:Malaysia 1125:Pendekar 1051:Variants 1041:PZL-Wola 942:The new 829:PT-91MA1 807:and new 750:70 km/h 702:PZL-Wola 691:FN M2 HB 679:armament 663:armament 592:Malaysia 451:PZL-Wola 428:armament 416:armament 4677:BREM-1M 4625:BVMP-84 4620:BREM-84 4469:Tank EX 4444:M-84AS1 4343:BMPV-64 4213:systems 4068:ISU-152 4063:ISU-122 3986:UAZ-469 3933:MaxxPro 3820:KTO Ryś 3800:BTR-152 3749:Tumak-5 3650:T-34-85 3493:Tank EX 3480:T-55AGM 3457:Patagón 3422:M-84AS1 3388:K21-105 3356:AbramsX 3273:Type 99 3268:Type 96 3258:Type 10 3188:Leclerc 2839:Rp.pl. 2239:Ukraine 2137:Ukraine 2089:Georgia 1930:Wędrzyn 1649:Leclerc 1640:Cheetah 1616:Merkava 1611:Gorilla 1498:– lit. 1452:– lit. 1404:– lit. 1338:⁄ 1286:PT-91M2 1253:Germany 1123:PT-91M 1088:PT-91Z 1077:PT-91A 1034:Radomka 867:-based 865:Gliwice 835:History 825:PT-91MA 632:2.60 m 624:3.70 m 519:60 km/h 497:1,000 L 193:scholar 95:improve 4692:MTU-90 4687:IMR-3M 4682:BMR-3M 4510:Raad-2 4505:BREM-1 4500:BMR-3M 4464:TR-125 4439:M-84AS 4429:Karrar 4058:SU-152 4043:ASU-85 3966:Honker 3905:BRDM-2 3895:BRDM-1 3810:BTR-60 3805:BTR-40 3744:SU-100 3586:Polish 3417:M-84AS 3305:Sabrah 3297:medium 3183:Karrar 3173:Durjoy 3158:Ariete 3050:Oryx. 2261: 2236: 2213: 2190:Poland 2187: 1891:Wesoła 1865:Poznań 1757:WZT-3M 1753:Poznań 1743:Poland 1708:SPG-1M 1694:Polish 1635:Polish 1628:Gepard 1626:PT-97 1620:Anders 1606:Polish 1593:PT-94 1550:Twardy 1477:Leguan 1469:PMC-90 1414:Polish 1361:M-84AI 1355:WZT-3M 1220:Teldat 1216:Radmor 1200:PT-91P 1194:Export 1158:Thales 1142:FN MAG 1079:Twardy 1058:Twardy 1056:PT-91 1045:Twardy 1026:POD-72 1024:, the 976:Twardy 961:Twardy 929:Twardy 897:Twardy 849:Mérida 777:T-72M1 740:395 mm 698:Engine 685:FN MAG 629:Height 614:6.86 m 611:Length 589: 569:Poland 566: 489:395 mm 471:Manual 447:Engine 385:2.19 m 382:Height 377:3.59 m 366:Length 295:Poland 292: 195: 188: 181: 174: 166: 84:, but 4530:TOS-1 4525:IMR-2 4515:WZT-3 4449:M-84D 4373:PTS-2 4322:T-Rex 4131:BM-14 4126:BM-24 4010:] 4003:Żmija 3998:] 3971:HMMWV 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