PCC streetcar - Knowledge

1087: 412:, comfortable, quiet, and fast accelerating and braking streetcar that would be operated by a seated operator using floor-mounted pedal controls to better meet the needs of the street railways and appeal to riders. ERPCC prepared a detailed research plan, conducted extensive research on streetcar design, built and tested components, made necessary modifications and revisions based upon the findings, and ultimately produced a set of specifications for a standardized and fixed design. It included a modest list of available options with ample room for customer customization but was to be built with standard parts as opposed to a custom designed car body with diverse parts added depending on the whims and requirements of the individual customer. Numerous national and international users operated large fleets of PCC cars for many years. 993:

magnetic field or the amount of current running through the motor is increased (or both), the motor's speed will increase. With a trolley, the speed is controlled by several resistors placed in the wire running to the rotor. Removing circuit resistors one at a time will increase the current in the motor's magnetic field and this will increase the motor's speed. Prior streetcar speed control from the 1880s required a standing operator at a four-foot-high vertical controller "stand" to rotate a handle to one of ten electrical resistance points within the stand to provide trolley acceleration. The resistors were not very large and were mounted adjacent to one another along the outside frame bottom of the trolley to provide cooling as they would get very hot. For the PCC however, there were more than ten resistance/speed points;

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specifications three times in the ensuing years, because TRC defined a PCC car as any vehicle which used patents on which it collected royalties, it was formed for the primary purpose of controlling those patents and promoting the standardization envisioned by the ERPCC. The company was funded by its collection of patent royalties from the railways which bought PCC cars. The company was controlled by a voting trust representing the properties which had invested in the work of ERPCC. One participant in Committee meetings, Philadelphia trolley manufacturer

2728: 3434: 2952: 3272:: they were single-body non-reversible two-bogie cars. Articulated trams arrived since 1965: first two-body non-reversible trams (series 7500) then two-body (series 7700–7800) and three-body (series 7900) reversible ones, the last one delivered in 1978. The last single-body PCC tram in commercial service in Brussels ran in February 2010. All series 7500 trams were converted to series 7700 by addition of a second steering post except the 7500 prototype which was versed to the collection of the 1031:(SLPS) used two pedals, both with heel interlocks. The right pedal is the brake; depressing this pedal about halfway while lifting away from the heel applied "park". Once the brake is released the heel need not be engaged with the interlock (although a professional driver is to cover the brake at all times). The left pedal applied the power and the heel interlock had to be engaged at all times since it was the deadman; only when the brake was in "park" could the deadman be disengaged. 3319: 3511: 2848: 3575: 499:

Pittsburgh car had run 1,000 miles. One of the key patents was filed by Dan H. Bell on January 8, 1937, and granted on July 5, 1938, and entitled, "Rail Car or Similar Article," Patent No. 110,384. The first car to be placed in a scheduled public service was PRCo 100 in August and B&QT launched its first scheduled service with a group of cars on October 1, 1936, followed by CSL on November 13, 1936. Production continued in North America by St. Louis Car Co. and

2642: 566: 2704: 53: 3021:, together the most numerous of any tram model ever produced, are still in service today in many of the regions where they were first introduced. Modern variants of the Tatra T3 are still produced today by some manufacturers, such as KOS Krnov. The Polish Konstal 13N was not built under license. Only models with direct references to the original American PCC streetcar are included here. Later models of a particular series such as the 2768: 3246: 1098:

44 ft (13.4 m), with one less window, while Chicago ordered longer and wider cars, at 50 ft 5 in (15.4 m) by 8 ft 9 in (267 cm), with a three-door arrangement. Chicago cars were built with the centerline of the carbody to the right of the centerline of the tracks, so the widened cars could pass on the existing trackage.

1014:. With the GE commutator motor controller operating by air pressure, it had to be redesigned with the advent of the All-Electric PCC. Acceleration was variable between 1.5-to-4.75-mile-per-hour per second (2.41 to 7.64 km/h) depending upon the depression of the power pedal with the accelerator advanced automatically by a low-voltage pilot motor. 2674:. Not considered historic equipment, the PCC cars in use on the Mattapan–Ashmont line represent the oldest cars still in revenue service, originally built between 1943 and 1946. These cars are also the only air-electric PCCs still in regular service in North America. Several retired PCCs from Boston are now at the 522:, Kenosha, San Diego and San Francisco following extensive overhauling. All other surviving and functional North American PCC cars are operated by museums and heritage railways. Several retired PCCs from Boston, Cleveland, and Philadelphia were purchased as scrap and have been privately stored just outside 2788:(now upgraded as PCC-IIIs), painted in their original green and cream Philadelphia Transit Company livery, rather than SEPTA's white with red and blue stripes. Modernization included all-new control systems, modern turn markers, HVAC system (which accounts for the noticeably larger roof enclosure), and 2716:

Officials in El Paso expressed their desire to preserve the history of the city by refurbishing the old PCC streetcars that once made their way through Downtown from 1949 to 1974. They operated on the international streetcar line that connected El Paso, Texas in the United States, with Ciudad Juárez,

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vehicles (LRVs) by the early 1980s. Beginning in the late 1990s, several cities began to make use of historic PCCs to serve historic streetcar lines that combined aspects of tourist attractions and transit. This table lists the transit agencies that still employ PCCs in revenue service, as opposed to

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Cars were to be approximately 48 ft (14.6 m) long (the Chicago maximum, Boston had some 55 ft (16.8 m) long) with one cab per car arranged in "married" two car sets, a double ended single car variant was possible. Number and type of doors and windows, interior layout, and width of

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Post war cars had a rationalized window arrangement. The windows and pillars were narrower, and there were small "standee" windows above each window. Right side arrangement usually was front door, seven windows, side door, four windows, and two rear quarter windows. Most post-war cars had a length of

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both supplied electrical packages and brake components which were designed and built in cooperation with the ERPCC. The customer specified the equipment, which was to be installed, performance was similar, and most cities ordered from both suppliers. Since Westinghouse was home based near Pittsburgh,

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that collected current using a plow lowered into a slot between the rails contacting positive and negative rails under the street. A pit was located at the boundary line of the city limits, over which cars would stop to have their power collection changed from the trolley pole to the conduit plow and

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until 1952, with 4,978 units being built. Under license to use the designs patented by TRC, thousands more PCC and partially PCC type cars were produced in Europe through the last half of the 20th century. The cars were well built, and many hundreds are still in operation. The majority of large North

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Original Pullman cars were extra-wide and had left-side doors. 20 cars purchased from Twin Cities Rapid Transit in 1953; 10 cars purchased from St. Louis in 1959; 2 former Illinois Terminal cars leased from museums in 1975; 2 cars purchased from NJ Transit in 1977; 9 ex-Cleveland cars purchased from

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The system of acceleration and braking described above means that the original PCC cars were (when in movement) always either accelerating or braking. A later improvement on the Brussels trams (built at that time under license by La Brugeoise et Nivelles and ACEC, now both subsidiaries of Bombardier

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St. Louis is unique in that all 300 of their PCCs are All-Electric with the 1500s ordered in late 1939, the 1600s ordered late 1940s and the 1700s in January 1945. SLPS was the rolling laboratory for All-Electrics and what was learned here was applied to the post-WW2 All-Electric demonstrator in the

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Only two of the planned 300 of the PCC A28 type trams had been delivered to Stockholm by ASJ in 1953. This was probably due to the withdrawal of the Polish side of the contract in 1946, which primarily stated the delivery not only of the tram wagons, but also 8 locomotives and 44 electric passenger

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The pre-war cars usually had a right side arrangement of front door, five windows, center door, five windows, and one large rear quarter window. These cars were 46 ft (14.0 m) long and 8 ft 4 in (254 cm) wide. There were variations, Washington, D.C. ordered shorter cars, at

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was also variable and the maximum dynamic application decreased speed by 4.75 mph per second (7.64 km/h); pressing the brake pedal into emergency also brought the friction and magnetic brakes into play providing a maximum deceleration of 9 mph /s (14 km/h). Compared to a maximum

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The sitting PCC operator had a foot accelerator on the floor, much like that of an automobile, with linkage to underfloor resistance ribbons mounted in a circle. An arm rotating in the circle center had rollers on either end which cut out field resistance to increase speed as it was rotated a total

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When a wire is placed in a magnetic field and an electric current is passed through it, the wire will move. If this wire is wrapped on a spool and placed in a magnetic field with an electric current passed through it, the spool (rotor) will rotate, creating an electric motor. If the strength of the

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Brooklyn received its first car number 1001 on May 28, 1936, PRCo took delivery of car number 100 on July 26, 1936, and Baltimore received its first car on September 2, 1936. In the late 1936 discussions of operating experience, it was noted that the Brooklyn car had run 3,000 miles by the time the

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trolleys along the line once service was restored, but a combination of economics and a desire to help revive the Girard Avenue corridor with a more "romantic" vehicle led to the agency restoring the old vehicles for about half the cost of new cars. SEPTA uses Kawasaki vehicles on the rest of its

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240 PCC rapid transit cars were built in four years, from 1948 to 1952, then 438 cars with non-PCC trucks until 1957, the last of Chicago's 570 cars built with salvaged components were delivered in 1958. Some Chicago cars were in regular service in 1990, car number 30 made its last revenue run in

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were a major focus, both Clark and St. Louis developed trucks with 28 in (710 mm) wheels and a 70 mph (110 km/h) maximum speed, but only Boston used them, Clark B10s on 40 cars. Chicago used streetcar type trucks, with 26 in (660 mm) wheels and a speed of 50 mph

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A total of 4,586 PCC cars were purchased by United States transit companies: 1,057 by Pullman Standard and 3,534 by St. Louis. Most transit companies purchased one type, but Chicago, Baltimore, Cleveland, and Shaker Heights ordered from both. The Baltimore Transit Co. (BTC) considered the Pullman

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The only PCC in West Germany was delivered from La Brugeoise to Hamburg in 1951. The car was sold to Brussels in 1957. Returned to Hamburg in 1995, where it was used as a historical tram in the VVM Schönberger Strand museum. In 1999, the tram was sold to the Danish tram museum of Skjoldenæsholm.

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cars in 1948 (before the standard, which they influenced), Boston (40, then later 100) in 1950, and Cleveland (70 + 18 double-ended) in 1952. Chicago's first 200 cars were entirely new, but in 1953 they started using components salvaged from new, but no longer needed, streetcars. Toronto, on the

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Most double ended cars, at 50 ft 5 in (15.4 m) long by 9 ft (270 cm) wide, were larger than standard, with different door arrangements. Only Dallas ordered standard size double ended cars. All double ended cars retained the pre-war style body until the end of production.

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The Presidents' Conference Committee (PCC) originated from the design committee formed in 1929. It was renamed the "Electric Railway Presidents' Conference Committee" (ERPCC) in 1931. The group's membership consisted primarily of representatives of several large operators of U.S. urban electric

1006:; when the accelerator pedal was released, the resistance wheel sought optimum braking for the speed, which prevented a lag when the brake pedal was depressed. Westinghouse's design was remarkable and innovative in that it allowed motor control by floor pedal similar to that of an automobile. 545:

but the result of the only systems engineering approach to mass producing a rail car." Research into passenger comfort resulting from vibrations, acceleration, lighting, heating and cooling, seat spacing, cushion height, space for arms, legs, standing passengers, economies of weight affecting

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A significant contribution to the PCC design was noise reduction with extensive use of rubber in springs and other components to prevent rattle, vibration, and thus noise and to provide a level of comfort unknown before. Wheel tires were mounted between rubber sandwiches and were electrically

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Many design patents resulted from the work of ERPCC. These were transferred to a new business entity called the Transit Research Corporation (TRC) when ERPCC expired in 1936. Although this company continued the work of research on improvements to the basic design of the car and issued sets of

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in 1997; the society has two additional PCCs from Toronto (4349 and 4367) awaiting restoration. The Halton Country Railway Museum (near Milton Ontario) owns 3 retired TTC streetcars, 4000, 4386 and 4426. They operate a short section of track and 4000 is used for rides in rotation with others

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completed the stop and held the car in "park". Dynamic brakes slowed the "Air" cars to 3 mph (4.8 km/h) at which point a lock-out relay allowed automatic application of air-applied friction brakes against each of the eight wheels. On All-Electric cars the dynamics were effective to

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to the left, brake in center, and power pedal on the right. Depressing the brake about half-way and then releasing the deadman pedal put the PCC in "park". Lifting the deadman alone would apply all brakes, drop sand, and balance the doors so they could be pushed open easily. Chicago used

511:(MMTB) in Australia was keen to build two new tram routes after World War II, and these routes would be served by PCC Streetcars. The MMTB decided that it was too expensive and Melbourne only ever had two PCC streetcars, of which one was a prototype for a completely different class. 1218:

Toronto's first PCC streetcar entered service on September 22, 1938. All new PCCs purchased by 1951; second-hand by 1957. The TTC now owns and operates only two PCCs for private charter: numbers 4500 and 4549. One PCC, #4612, was donated in operating condition by the TTC to the

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restored trolley service to the Route 15 Girard Avenue line in Philadelphia in September 2005 after a 15-year "temporary" suspension of trolley service in favor of diesel buses. The line uses restored and modernized (by the Brookville Manufacturing Company) PCC cars, known as

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electrical systems and were only used in pairs (no more trams of this type were constructed) on tourist line number 700. In 1962, the routes were converted to buses. One of the two cars was scrapped, the other one (number 11) is preserved in the Tramway Museum of Malmkoping.

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Proceedings of the American Transit Association, 1936, pp. 821, 822, 833, 834, 1126, 1127 & 1938 Proceedings, pp. 372, 374, 376, 378, 380, 382, 384, 408, 416, 417, 418, 420, 422, 380, 382, 384, & An American Original, The PCC Car, Kashin and Demoro, pp 42, 43, 46,

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developed the XD-323 underfloor rotary accelerator for the PCC's motor control with 99 resistance points. It was installed in the first Pittsburgh car, number 100, and minor modifications allowed use in the last PCCs produced in North America for San Francisco in 1952.

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140 cars purchased from Toronto in 1968, but 13 never entered service. Of the 127 cars in service, 85 were converted between 1972 and 1978 into two-car trains or double-ended three-car trains. The entire fleet was withdrawn by 1984 in favor of modern rolling stock.

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car since 2009. The Kenosha Electric is unique among modern PCC operations in that PCCs had not run in the city before 2000—the original rail system was shut down in 1932 before any PCC cars had been built. Two of its cars are still painted in their original

1074:"These performances enable the P.C.C. car to out-pace the average automobile which, in America, is of substantially higher performance than the typical British vehicle." This, however, is only true when compared to the automobiles of that period. 3653:, also participated in the project. The streetcar was completed in 1954 with number 5501. The class 5500 was extended with other 6 cars (5502–5507), but these were called no real PCC cars because of their different configuration. 1114:

There were four rapid transit companies on the committee, but the primary focus was streetcars, rapid transit development was slower. The difference in operations between the systems also made standardization difficult.

1137:(80 km/h), adequate for their system. When Clark stopped building railroad equipment in 1952 PCC trucks were no longer available, Boston and Cleveland then used non PCC trucks with 28 in (710 mm) wheels. 428:

designed elements that were very similar to the PCC look, the Brilliner attracted no large orders, being built only for Atlantic City Transit and the Red Arrow Lines in suburban Philadelphia. Fewer than 50 were sold.

1126:. Chicago ordered two from Pullman and two from St. Louis, with different equipment, so that competing manufacturers could be directly compared. Experience from the trainsets influenced the following car standards. 5154:

It was on this day back in 1938 that Torontonians, who for decades had relied on a variety of less-than-agreeable street railway vehicles, were finally introduced to the latest model streetcar, the amazing PCC

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A single PCC in 1947 from St. Louis Car Company, plus later second-hand cars: 116 in 1947–48 from the United States and tramways in Aviación and Dolores; 91 in 1954 from Minneapolis; 183 in 1955 from Detroit.

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cars varied with each system. Boston had two sizes, the longest at 55 ft (16.8 m), and narrowest at 8 ft 4 in (254 cm), Cleveland had the widest at 10 ft 4 in (315 cm).

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0.75 mph (1.21 km/h) where the lockout relay then allowed a spring-applied friction brake to engage a drum on each of the four motor drive shafts; this completed the stop and held the car in park.

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cars of superior construction and easier to work on. The St. Louis cars had a more aesthetically pleasing design with a more rounded front and rear, compound-curved skirt cut-outs, and other design frills.

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in the late 1970s and 1980s (and which was replaced by modern LRVs by Dec. 2019), the TTC continued using PCCs in regular service until 1995, and retains two (numbers 4500 and 4549) for charter purposes.

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maintenance, cost of power, reduced wear of components and track. Dimensions were established to fit the majority but could easily be changed for special situations. Windows were spaced to match seating.

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parts employed rubber for noise reduction as well. "Satisfactory Cushion Wheel of Vital Importance; Develop New Truck Design; Generous Use of Rubber" are headings within a paper that Chief Engineer

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currently uses 2 PCCs and is in the process of determining viability of a third car as of 2016. They are in use on the Silver Line which opened in 2011 and runs in a clockwise loop around Downtown

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A total of 683 cars were purchased in 1948. Ten years later all but one of the prewar cars had been scrapped, and most of the postwar cars had been stripped of parts. These were reused in 570 new

557:, sealed gears, and modular design to name a few—the ERPCC redesigned, refined, and perfected many of these while developing new acceleration and braking controls and put them all in one package. 376:

it was licensed for use elsewhere in the world where PCC based cars were made. The PCC car has proved to be a long-lasting icon of streetcar design, and many remain in service around the world.

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The PCC license was used worldwide after World War II had ended which resulted in adaptations based on the American PCC design. Two such licensees were successful, namely the Belgian company

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The McKinney Avenue Transit Authority in Dallas, Texas, owns three PCC cars, two from Toronto, one from the former Tandy Center Subway. One of the ex Toronto cars is currently in service.

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feature. Drum brakes were quite popular and greatly reduced maintenance thus some "Air" cars were retrofitted with drums. Four magnetic brakes, one between the wheels on each side of each

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American streetcar systems surviving after 1935 purchased PCC streetcars. The systems which eventually terminated streetcar operations often sold their cars to surviving operators.

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46 ft 5 in (14.1 m). Other body differences were a recessed windshield and wider doors. There were far fewer variations of this style, width being the most common.

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were released by an electric solenoid operating from low-voltage battery power; a power failure would prevent the drums from releasing which would prevent power application, a

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trains by the ASEA company. The only ones that were built, based on bogies and the electrical system delivered from the USA. They were the first PCCs in Europe equipped with

2916:. This line is run by a mixture of PCC cars built between 1946 and 1952, and earlier pre-PCC cars. Due to its success, a second heritage line was inaugurated in 2015, the 941:

both air- and all-electric, and the B2B trucks used under PRCo 1725–1799 and Toronto 4500–4549. SLCCo built all B3 trucks, both standard and broad gauge. PCC cars for

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First cars delivered in 1936. The sole Clark-built PCC ran here. Withdrawal began in 1950, system abandoned in 1956. Cars 1000 and 1001 are preserved in museums.

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Five double-ended non-patent cars purchased in 1939. Ten cars in 1948 and another 25 in 1952. Muni number 1040 was the last new PCC built in the U.S. Replaced by

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isolated so that shunts were required to complete a ground. Resilient wheels were used on most PCC cars, with later heftier versions known as "Super-Resilient".

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Mexico. Originally, the line operated until 1973. Six cars in total have been restored, regular revenue operations began in late 2018 for the downtown loop.

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pressed for one car to be equipped with their electrical equipment for testing in Pittsburgh, since the Brooklyn order would have all cars equipped by

223: 3830: 1047: 3276:. Two-body and three-body reversible PCC trams are still in regular service next to more modern low-floor trams. All these articulated PCC cars use 973:

PRCo ordered 75% of its PCC fleet with Westinghouse equipment, the balance with GE. Indeed, PCCs are often identified as either Westinghouse or GE.

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After a specification document suitable for purchasing cars was generated by TRC, orders were placed by eight companies in 1935 and 1936. First was

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which are mounted at a right angle to the axle, where three of the six teeth constantly engaged the main gear, reducing lash and noise. All movable

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system in 1980, they had made occasional festival trips in the ensuing years before being returned to full-time service. Car 1074 is painted in

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666 in 1949; 609 in 1959 (11 lost to Homewood fire in May 1955;); 595 in 1960; 457 in 1961. Twelve cars fully rebuilt (and four partially) into

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were among the more unique examples due to the installation of overhead wires being prohibited within the city limits, necessitating the use of

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colours, while the rest have been re-decorated in the liveries of several U.S. cities including Pittsburgh, Johnstown, Chicago and Cincinnati.

1042:, doors, and windshield wipers operated by air pressure. PRCo PCC 1600 of 1945 was the post WW2 All-Electric Demonstrator which eliminated the 2939: 937:. Clark Equipment built the only aluminum-body PCC as well as all narrow gauge B1 trucks for Los Angeles, all the standard and broad gauge B2 3013:, who built the largest number of the PCC type in the world, supplying a number of Central and Eastern European countries. Trams such as the 2972:

had the largest PCC fleet in the world, including many purchased second-hand from U.S. cities that abandoned streetcar service following the

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made them prohibitively costly. Brooklyn, who had bought the first five prototype trainsets, also did not buy any production trainsets.

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in favor of bus-based transit networks. Of the rail transit systems that survived this period, most had replaced their PCCs with modern

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Two main body standards were made – 1936 and 1945, sometimes called pre-and post-war – the most prominent difference being the windows.

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to Fisherman's Wharf. Although San Francisco had removed PCCs from revenue service when the city's light rail was transformed into the

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17 purchased from San Diego in 1947, plus three more in 1952. System abandoned 1974. System reopened in 2019 with six restored cars.

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class A-14 PCCs purchased in 1976. All cars retired by 1992, with some retained for work service or charter runs. 18 rebuilt into

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compliant wheelchair lifts. The line runs from Haddington to Port Richmond down the median of Girard Avenue. It crosses both the

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Second-hand cars purchased from Louisville in 1946. All cars sold to Toronto in 1952. Nine cars sent to Shaker Heights in 1978.

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pressed for one car to be made by them of aluminum for delivery to B&QT. Agreements among the parties were reached whereby

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body. Additional cars were planned, but never built. The single car was numbered 980, and was withdrawn from service in 1971.

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H.G. McClean, B.Sc, M.I.E.E., M.I.Loco.E.; December 14, 1945, "Passenger Transport Journal:" The American P.C.C. Car, p. 348.

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Transportation, itself a subsidiary of the French Alstom) allowed the trams to coast under their accumulated kinetic energy.

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also developed a control system for PCC cars that mirrored the Westinghouse scheme in function although not in simplicity or

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North American (Toronto) versus European PCC (The Hague): European PCC cars had narrower bodies and (often) larger windows.

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from 1959 to their retirement in 2012. Several remain as maintenance cars, while others have been preserved in museums.

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Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Romania, Soviet Union (Latvian SSR, Russian SFSR, Ukrainian SSR, Uzbek SSR), Yugoslavia

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design that was first built in the United States in the 1930s. The design proved successful domestically, and after

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cars based on the PCC license for many networks in Belgium, France and the Netherlands; and particularly the Czech

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Purchased used from Kansas City (10 cars), St. Louis (20), and Toronto (10). System abandoned on 13 December 1974.

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wanted to modernize its streetcar, so ordered one PCC car to Naniwa Koki Company (later Alna Sharyo Company in

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ran PCC streetcars from 1937 until their retirement in 1985. PCCs continue to operate along a section of the

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One set of PCC bogies and control equipment was imported into Melbourne circa 1949 and fitted to a modified

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covers areas where the cars were initially delivered; references for these areas can be found in the text.

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Delivered from Washington between 1958 and 1961. 14 were rebuilt into two-car articulated trams in 1964.

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East Germany, Romania, Soviet Union (Estonian SSR, Latvian SSR, Russian SFSR, Ukrainian SSR), Yugoslavia

5628: 4273: 3688: – designed as a replacement for PCCs and intended to modernize legacy streetcar systems 2965: 2932: 2909: 2754: 2745: 2721: 2468: 2455: 2347: 2315: 2248: 2006: 1365: 1326: 534: 468: 4642: 5441: 3642: 2994: 2830: 2818: 2805: 2797: 2432: 2215: 1876: 1463: 1373: 1253: 954: 814: 600: 4248: 401:—were represented as well. Also included on the membership roll were manufacturers of surface cars ( 4974: 3728: 3352: 2990: 2945: 2834: 2047: 1743: 1123: 880: 836: 570: 4750: 4868: 3634: 2675: 1401: 1342: 1264: 1028: 714: 488: 476: 456: 256: 194: 5551: 5007: 4906: 4892: 4769:"San Francisco Market Street Railway | We keep San Francisco's Vintage Streetcars on Track" 1298:

in 1981–88, all remaining cars retired by 1988. The last 4000-series cars were retired in 1999.

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Several dozen remain in public transit service, such as on the Ashmont-Mattapan High Speed Line

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would build 101 essentially identical cars and Clark would build one of its own body design.

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The F Market Line (historic streetcar service) in San Francisco, opened in 1995, runs along

252: 4994: 4215:. Central Electric Railfans’ Association. 1976. pp. 8–71, 186, 189–191, 195–196, 199. 4169: 3679: 3273: 2881: 1023: 930: 492: 74: 28: 5379: 5355: 5331: 4581: 4531: 8: 5309: 5114: 4131: 4113: 3682: – demonstrated contemporary technologies for use in rapid transit systems 3669: 2826: 2667: 1569: 1272: 472: 464: 3942: 2741: 2727: 2473: 2182: 2150: 1689: 1681: 1489: 1145:

committee, initially considered buying the cars, but increased metal prices due to the

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The last PCC streetcars built for any North American system were a batch of 25 for the

417: 5588: 5234: 5540: 5523: 5505: 5487: 5468: 5287: 4347: 4322: 4216: 4192: 4034: 3982: 3871: 3732: 3265: 2864: 2814: 2793: 2697: 2671: 2562: 2489: 2035: 1776: 1424: 1260: 1141: 207: 3700: – similarly standardized and mass-produced trams in the Soviet Union 2951: 1511:

The Hague's first PCC streetcar arrived July, 1949. All new PCCs purchased by 1975.

5519: 4811: 4030: 3978: 3805: 3296: 2973: 2801: 2617: 1007: 969: 530: 484: 5581: 4790: 5602: 5167: 4162: 2659: 2387: 1804:

50 cars in 1958, followed by an additional 21 in 1962, all from Washington, D.C.

1428: 1055: 1039: 1027:"bicycle-type levers" for power and brake but converted some cars to two pedals. 1015: 1011: 934: 542: 500: 248: 78: 5403: 3433: 2654:

The Ashmont–Mattapan High-Speed Line in Boston is a light-rail extension of the

3788: 3292: 3284: 3002: 2761: 2494: 2450: 1627: 1267:: one prewar car for display only, and one postwar car in operating condition. 1051: 1043: 1002:

of approximately 180 degrees rotation. This same accelerator also was used for

519: 323: 156: 3901:

100 Years of Capital Traction: The Story of Streetcars in the Nation's Capital

2375:

Second-hand Washington cars rebuilt for double-ended high platform operation.

5649: 4563: 4458: 4007: 3954: 3875: 3419: 2917: 2889: 2785: 2593: 2520: 2423: 2352: 2320: 2283: 2253: 2187: 2155: 2122: 2085: 2052: 2011: 1913: 1881: 1847: 1748: 1721: 1660: 1605: 1574: 1547: 1521: 1468: 1441: 1406: 1347: 1308: 1277: 1235: 926: 425: 394: 243: 200: 5168:"The Post-War Used PCC Cars (Classes A9 to A14) - Transit Toronto - Content" 3318: 437: 5504:, Bulletin 125 of the Central Electric Railfans' Association, Chicago, Il. 3835: 3589: 3581: 3529: 3521: 3510: 3477: 3448: 3325: 3277: 2775: 1809: 1458:

100 purchased in 1940; 100 in 1941; 100 in 1946. System abandoned in 1966.

1334: 373: 216: 176: 166: 52: 4143: 3010: 2847: 1684:

in 1980–1982. Revived along a former segment in 1995 (see section below).

5186:"La STIB a reçu son dernier T3000 et envisage déjà une nouvelle commande" 5141: 4675: 3574: 3335: 3288: 3006: 1494: 1325:

All new PCCs purchased by 1947; 60 second-hand by 1955. 30 additional ex-

409: 328: 267: 5132: 4480: 4229: 3886: 2928: 2901: 2641: 2391: 1814: 1781: 1146: 1060: 390: 4843: 4455:"D.C. Transit General Electric PCC data sheet Bill Volkmer collection" 4433: 3918: 3863:

Laws Relating to Street-railway Franchises in the District of Columbia

565: 4921: 4517: 3831:"Why are old Green Line trolleys wasting away in rural Pennsylvania?" 3662: 3393:

prototype car 1041 was built in 1972 using bogies salvaged from 980.

3380: 2868: 2859: 2516: 1064: 436:

Gears were another source of considerable noise, solved by employing

421: 402: 5137:"The very first PCC streetcars went into service 74 years ago today" 2804:, among other landmarks. SEPTA had originally planned to run modern 2703: 1364:

Built to a unique shorter-than-standard design. Only PCCs that used

1019:

of 14 points on older equipment, the PCC was considerably smoother.

5639: 3995: 3557: 3493: 3460: 3427: 3249:

Brussels three-body series 7900: the longest PCC model in the world

3022: 3018: 3014: 2921: 2663: 1941:

Sociedad Cooperativa de Transportes Eléctricos de Tampico y Miramar

946: 5622:

Approximately 30 videos of San Francisco PCCs from the early 1980s

5085:"El Paso City Council seeks to refurbish old trolleys for project" 4191:. Central Electric Railfans’ Association. 1973. pp. 215–227. 4056: 3770: 4089: 3369: 3269: 3253: 2969: 2959: 2771:

SEPTA PCC II (since rebuilt as PCC III) operating on the Route 15

2735: 2711: 549:

While some of the components in the PCC car had been used before—

171:

Variable, Automatic 1.5–4.75 mph/s (2.41–7.64 km/(h⋅s))

5486:(3rd ed.). Park Forest, Illinois: Transport History Press. 4411: 3866:. United States 54 Cong. 1. Sess. H. Doc.423. Washington, D.C.: 4044: 3697: 3412: 3365: 2998: 2767: 2688: 2649: 2220: 1978: 1945: 1378: 1197: 950: 942: 5621: 4386:"$ 400,000 Flash Fire Destroys Homewood Car Barn, 14 Trolleys" 3930: 3906: 4768: 3693: 3638: 3624: 2940:

San Francisco Municipal Railway fleet § Active PCC fleet

2780: 2749: 2445: 1694: 1632: 1133: 1068: 938: 441: 4595: 1263:

rapid transit cars. Two PCC streetcars are preserved at the

3673: 2748:

PCCs (five since 2000 and the sixth since 2009) and one ex-

2655: 1046:

and associated piping while incorporating such features as

386: 369: 161:

4 × 55 hp (41 kW) motors, 43:6 (~7.17) gear ratio

5235:"The most popular tram in the world - PCC, part 2: Europe" 3153:

Czechoslovakia, Soviet Union (Russian SFSR, Ukrainian SSR)

5310:"Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board PCC No 1041" 4321:. Central Electric Railfans’ Assoc. 1976. pp. 8–11. 1140:

Chicago ordered the first of 770 (720 + 50 double-ended)

1054:

were the service brake on all PCCs; when almost stopped,

3245: 2034:

First cars purchased in 1937. System abandoned in 1949.

4926:

Electric Transport in Latin America: Past & Present

3903:. Dallas: Publisher Leroy O. King, Jr. (1972), page 153 2662:. It runs from the Ashmont terminus of the Red Line to 1374:

Servicio de Transportes Electricos del Distrito Federal

5288:"The remarkable PCC tramcar: why Melbourne missed out" 2920:, which serves to facilitate a one-seat ride from the 1038:

From 1936 to 1945, PCC cars were "Air-Electrics" with

980:, manufactured by St. Louis and delivered in 1951–2. 5125: 4213:

Chicago's Rapid Transit v.2: Rolling Stock/1947–1976

4189:

Chicago's Rapid Transit v.1: Rolling Stock/1892–1947

2984: 2681: 1214:

Presidents' Conference Committee (Toronto streetcar)

5396: 5372: 5348: 3136:

Czechoslovakia, Poland, Soviet Union (Russian SFSR)

2634: 3631:TMBT (Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation) 3268:(series 7000–7100) were built in prevision of the 2964:The first PCC cars in Canada were operated by the 2840: 957:from bodies and trucks supplied by St. Louis Car. 479:(BERy) for one car. In late 1935 or early in 1936 5258: 4432:. National Capital Trolley Museum. Archived from 2885:Muni #1051 crossing Second Street in October 2017 184:Variable to 4.75 mph/s (7.64 km/(h⋅s)), 5647: 5463:Carlson, Stephen P.; Schneider, Fred W. (1980). 5462: 5229: 5227: 5225: 5223: 5221: 5219: 5056: 5054: 4866: 4733:"1010 - San Francisco Municipal Railway (1940s)" 4697:"1006 - San Francisco Municipal Railway (1950s)" 4623:(in Czech). Československý Dopravák. 13 May 2016 4621:"DALŠÍ AMERICKÉ MĚSTO ZAŽILO NÁVRAT K TRAMVAJÍM" 4512: 4510: 4508: 4506: 4504: 4502: 4500: 4498: 4496: 4494: 4175: 4149: 4137: 4108: 4106: 4104: 4083: 4062: 4050: 4013: 4001: 3972: 3960: 3948: 3936: 3924: 3912: 3776: 3280:under the articulations (see example at right). 1122:with PCC components, after WWII Chicago ordered 5064:. San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency 2997:, itself since 2021 a subsidiary of the French 2306:These cars were purchased in the 1980s for the 1166:The operator listed is the original purchaser. 4981: 4919: 4669: 3828: 3665: – a competing streetcar design 2707:A streetcar at the carbarn in downtown El Paso 2395:a short-run or intermittent heritage railway. 2386:Most PCC-based systems were dismantled in the 2145:Double-enders. All sold to Boston in 1958–59. 5484:Chicago Surface Lines: An Illustrated History 5216: 5051: 4491: 4368:"IRM Roster - Chicago Transit Authority 4391" 4101: 4086:, pp. 48–49, 87-89. 91, rear foldout #1. 3858:"Eckington and Soldiers Home Railway Company" 2720: 2243:Delivered in 1944. System abandoned in 1959. 1591:First cars delivered in 1937. System sold to 151:35,000–42,000 lb (15,900–19,100 kg) 5711:Electric multiple units of the United States 5550:Wickson, Ted, ed. (November–December 2015). 5022:"1073 - El Paso, Texas & Juarez, Mexico" 4300: 4298: 4296: 4294: 3372:13Ns were not produced under a PCC licence. 2112:in 1954. They were in operation until 2001. 1871:Toronto in 1978. PCCs were used until 1981. 4178:, pp. 3, 136–137, 162–173, supplement. 2944: 509:Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board 189:9.0 mph/s (14.5 km/(h⋅s)) maximum 5582:List of PCC Streetcars in the 21st century 5467:. Glendala, California: Interurban Press. 5430:. September 9, 2019 – via Knowledge. 5261:"Tramwaje Warszawskie odnawiają "parówki"" 5131: 4987:"Farewell to Newark PCCs" (October 2001). 3649:that had the electric motor licensee from 3226: 1593:Los Angeles Metropolitan Transit Authority 1337:in 2003, and returned to revenue service. 4532:"1050 - St. Louis Public Service Company" 4291: 3951:, pp. 123, 129, 236–237, supplement. 2874: 2279:Niagara Frontier Transportation Authority 453:Brooklyn & Queens Transit Corporation 5324: 4657:"1071 - Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota" 4163:"The Gloucester Series Cars (1954–1990)" 4155: 4140:, p. 74-75, 98-99, rear foldout #3. 3573: 3552:; introduced 1962; number built: 14,113. 3509: 3465: 3432: 3351: 3317: 3244: 2950: 2935:livery, but was never owned by the TTC. 2880: 2846: 2766: 2726: 2702: 2640: 1085: 564: 393:lines and at least one "heavy rail", or 5549: 5312:. Friends of Hawthorn Tram Museum. 2008 3973:Carlson, S.P.; Schneider, F.W. (1983). 3612:; introduced 1968; number built: 2,637. 1909:Birmingham Railway and Electric Company 1022:Most PCCs employed three pedals with a 693:Birmingham Railway and Electric Company 5648: 5428:"Naniwa Koki Co. PCC No. 5501 (Tokio)" 4751:"1011 - Market Street Railway Company" 3754:"Abandoned: Where Trolleys Go To Die?" 3488:); introduced 1955; number built: 771. 3455:); introduced 1951; number built: 287. 3025:were adapted and modernized further. 2892:; started 1995; number in service: 27. 2778:; started 2005; number in service: 18. 405:) and interested component suppliers. 5285: 4672:"Streetcars on the Waterfront (1968)" 4481:"The Tramways of Mexico City: Part 4" 4341: 3722: 3686:US Standard Light Rail Vehicle (SLRV) 3362:; introduced 1959; number built: 842. 3256:; introduced 1951; number built: 125 2962:; started 1938; number in service: 2. 2862:; started 2011; number in service: 2. 2738:; started 2000; number in service: 7. 2714:; started 2018; number in service: 6. 2691:; started 2003; number in service: 1. 2652:; started 1941; number in service: 4. 1109: 925:PCC cars were initially built in the 5481: 5259:Witold Urbanowicz (March 25, 2017). 4946:tundria.com/trams/CAN/Vancouver–1955 4422: 4235: 4095: 2696: 389:plus potential manufacturers. Three 127:46–50.5 ft (14.02–15.39 m) 45:streetcar and two single-ended cars. 5701:Train-related introductions in 1936 5041:"1015 - Illinois Terminal Railroad" 4346:. Arcadia Publishing. p. 113. 4238:, pp. 16, 37, 400, supplement. 3829:Hoover, Amanda (6 September 2015). 3627:; introduced 1954; number built: 1. 3616: 3415:; introduced 1953; number built: 2. 3383:; introduced 1949; number built: 1. 3328:; introduced 1951; number built: 1. 2118:Dallas Railway and Terminal Company 1564:Originally planned to be 371 cars. 1304:Philadelphia Transportation Company 1120:three-section articulated trainsets 859:Dallas Railway and Terminal Company 420:, brought a competitive design—the 13: 5640:PCC History In Pittsburgh, PA. USA 5456: 5115:"Route 15 / Girard Avenue Trolley" 5082: 5038: 4812:"History of tramways in Barcelona" 4670:John F Bromley (23 October 2009). 4457:. General Electric. Archived from 3806:"Design for a rail car or similar" 3751: 3725:History of the J. G. Brill Company 2740:The Kenosha Electric Streetcar in 2731:A PCC streetcar touring HarborPark 2075:Double-ended. Longest PCCs built. 1543:Kansas City Public Service Company 1081: 541:"The PCC car was not just another 135:100–108 in (2.54–2.74 m) 14: 5727: 5574: 5539:, Aldaba Ediciones, Madrid 1986, 5516:An American Original: The PCC Car 5290:. Friends of Hawthorn Tram Museum 4869:"rails i ferradures: SARAJEVO II" 4518:"Expozicemhd.cz – Expozicemhd.cz" 4430:"Washington Streetcar Collection" 4027:An American Original: The PCC Car 3651:Westinghouse Electric Corporation 2985:Models based on the PCC streetcar 2823:69th Street Transportation Center 2760: 2683:McKinney Avenue Transit Authority 2610:Toronto Transportation Commission 2589:McKinney Avenue Transit Authority 1974:British Columbia Electric Railway 1224:streetcars in their collection. 1193:Toronto Transportation Commission 968:, Canadian Westinghouse Co.) and 481:Westinghouse Electric Corporation 41:. Pictured are an example of one 5691:Tram vehicles of the Netherlands 5561:. No. 659. pp. 255–298 3793:Electric Transit and Bus Journal 3791:, Ch.Engr., PCC; (October 1933) 3302: 2636:Ashmont-Mattapan High Speed Line 2542:Ashmont–Mattapan High Speed Line 1711:Second-hand from Washington DC. 1437:St. Louis Public Service Company 753:3072-3096 (2nd), 3147-3271 560: 362:Presidents' Conference Committee 51: 27: 5686:Streetcars of the United States 5629:"The P.C.C. Car: Now a Reality" 5514:Kashin, S.; Demoro, H. (1986), 5502:The Colorful Streetcars We Rode 5434: 5420: 5302: 5279: 5252: 5204: 5178: 5160: 5107: 5076: 5062:"Access on Historic Streetcars" 5032: 5014: 5000: 4967: 4949: 4940: 4913: 4899: 4885: 4867:Railsiferradures (2017-07-01). 4860: 4836: 4822: 4804: 4779: 4761: 4743: 4725: 4707: 4689: 4663: 4649: 4635: 4613: 4588: 4574: 4556: 4538: 4524: 4473: 4447: 4404: 4378: 4360: 4335: 4311: 4278:Edmonton Radial Railway Society 4266: 4253:Edmonton Radial Railway Society 4241: 4205: 4181: 4068: 4025:Kashin, S.; Demoro, H. (1986). 4019: 4016:, pp. 239–241, supplement. 3966: 3963:, pp. 131–135, supplement. 3647:Mitsubishi Electric Corporation 2842:Silver Line (San Diego Trolley) 1656:San Francisco Municipal Railway 1601:Twin City Rapid Transit Company 1595:in 1958 and abandoned in 1963. 1221:Edmonton Radial Railway Society 978:San Francisco Municipal Railway 35:San Francisco Municipal Railway 4957:"1078 - San Diego, California" 4176:Carlson & Schneider (1980) 4150:Carlson & Schneider (1980) 4138:Carlson & Schneider (1980) 4084:Carlson & Schneider (1980) 4063:Carlson & Schneider (1980) 4051:Carlson & Schneider (1980) 4014:Carlson & Schneider (1980) 4002:Carlson & Schneider (1980) 3961:Carlson & Schneider (1980) 3949:Carlson & Schneider (1980) 3937:Carlson & Schneider (1980) 3925:Carlson & Schneider (1980) 3913:Carlson & Schneider (1980) 3893: 3850: 3822: 3812: 3798: 3782: 3777:Carlson & Schneider (1980) 3745: 3716: 3334: 3045:7700-series/ 7900-series 987: 966:Westinghouse Air Brake Company 455:(B&QT) for 100 cars, then 448:both presented and published. 1: 5596:PCC Car—The Industry Saviour? 5552:"The PCC streetcar in Canada" 5465:PCC--the car that fought back 4412:"Philadelphia Trolley Tracks" 4098:, pp. 48–49, 87–89, 399. 3709: 3219:Note that the country listed 2809:trolley lines, including the 2670:(LRV) operated on the MBTA's 1717:Brooklyn & Queens Transit 1517:Department of Street Railways 1490:Haagsche Tramweg-Maatschappij 1161: 1156: 475:(LARy) for 60 cars, and then 408:ERPCC's goal was to design a 399:Chicago Rapid Transit Company 16:1930s streetcar (tram) design 4990:Tramways & Urban Transit 4907:"1077 - Birmingham, Alabama" 4643:"1052 - Los Angeles Railway" 4546:"1063 - Baltimore, Maryland" 4319:Chicago's Rapid Transit V II 3206: 3186: 3172: 3155: 3138: 3121: 3104: 3087: 3070: 3050: 2993:(since 1988 a subsidiary of 2825:with the western suburbs of 2744:, has been operating six ex- 1843:Shaker Heights Rapid Transit 1029:St. Louis Public Service Co. 903:Shaker Heights Rapid Transit 569:A PCC streetcar at Boston's 424:—to market in 1938. Because 7: 5603:The PCC Car—Not So Standard 5192:(in French). March 17, 2015 4830:"1053 - Brooklyn, New York" 4564:"PCC's in hun tweede leven" 3704:Streetcars in North America 3680:State-of-the-Art Car (SOAC) 3656: 3645:as bogie manufacturer, and 3556: 3492: 3459: 3426: 2976:. Although it acquired new 2955:TTC PCC #4500 in April 2012 2513:The Hague–Scheveningen loop 1118:By 1940, Brooklyn had five 10: 5732: 5265:www.transport-publiczny.pl 4582:"1079 - Detroit, Michigan" 4152:, pp. 94, supplement. 3887:HathiTrust Digital Library 3868:Government Printing Office 3396: 3375: 2978:custom-designed streetcars 2966:Toronto Transit Commission 2937: 2933:Toronto Transit Commission 2746:Toronto Transit Commission 2722:Kenosha Electric Streetcar 2469:Kenosha Electric Streetcar 2456:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 2381: 2316:Illinois Terminal Railroad 2249:Johnstown Traction Company 2007:San Diego Electric Railway 1622:System abandoned in 1954. 1366:conduit current collection 1211: 955:Canadian Car & Foundry 469:San Diego Electric Railway 379: 143:50 mph (80 km/h) 4975:"1061 - Pacific Electric" 4922:"The Tramways of Tampico" 4893:"1057 - Cincinnati, Ohio" 4306:PCC Cars of North America 4304:Dr. Harold E. Cox (1963) 3643:Sumitomo Metal Industries 3364:These trams were used in 2995:Bombardier Transportation 2811:Subway-Surface Green Line 2587: 2488: 2467: 2433:San Francisco, California 2216:Montreal Tramways Company 2108:Cars were purchased from 1877:Cincinnati Street Railway 1464:Baltimore Transit Company 945:cities were assembled in 837:Cleveland Railway Company 815:Cincinnati Street Railway 782: 777: 718: 713: 604: 601:Baltimore Transit Company 599: 467:Co. (PRCO) for 101 cars, 266: 242: 232: 222: 206: 193: 175: 165: 155: 147: 139: 131: 123: 118: 110: 102: 94: 84: 70: 62: 50: 26: 21: 5716:St. Louis multiple units 5661:Tram vehicles of Belgium 5634:. St. Louis Car Company. 4844:"Sarajevo trams, part 1" 4029:, p. 79. Glendale (CA): 3975:PCC: From Coast to Coast 3870:. 1896. pp. 81–95. 3729:Indiana University Press 3291:PCC trams are in use in 2991:La Brugeoise et Nivelles 2968:(TTC) in 1938. By 1954, 2946:Toronto streetcar system 2348:Leonard's M&O Subway 2048:Pacific Electric Railway 1744:Cleveland Transit System 881:Pacific Electric Railway 5706:750 V DC multiple units 5696:600 V DC multiple units 5676:Tram vehicles of Serbia 5671:Tram vehicles of Mexico 5666:Tram vehicles of Canada 5616:Madrid trams (in Dutch) 5500:Carlson et al. (1986), 5286:Jones, Russell (2010). 4920:Allen Morrison (2003). 4568:www.haagstramnieuws.org 3795:, pp.321–325, 331. 3635:Hankyu Hanshin Holdings 2851:Silver Line car 529 at 2676:Seashore Trolley Museum 2310:, but were never used. 2110:Twin City Rapid Transit 2001:System abandoned 1955. 1402:Boston Elevated Railway 1343:Capital Transit Company 1265:Illinois Railway Museum 1234: 715:Boston Elevated Railway 489:Clark Equipment Company 477:Boston Elevated Railway 249:Dynamic Service Braking 5681:Tram vehicles of Spain 5589:The PCC streetcar club 5535:López Bustos, Carlos, 5482:Lind, Alan R. (1979). 5135:(September 22, 2012). 5008:"1009 - Dallas, Texas" 3578: 3514: 3470: 3437: 3356: 3322: 3283:Brussels tramways use 3264:The first PCC cars in 3250: 2956: 2886: 2876:F Market & Wharves 2856: 2772: 2732: 2708: 2646: 2428:F Market & Wharves 2081:Public Service Railway 2040:Historic PCC operation 1628:Cairo Tramways Company 1124:four similar trainsets 1091: 578:Pullman Standard PCCs 574: 5610:PCC streetcars in NYC 5408:Strassenbahnen-Online 5404:"Tatra T4 deliveries" 5384:Strassenbahnen-Online 5380:"Tatra T3 deliveries" 5356:"Tatra T2 deliveries" 5336:Strassenbahnen-Online 5332:"Tatra T1 deliveries" 5045:Market Street Railway 5026:Market Street Railway 4961:Market Street Railway 4773:Market Street Railway 4755:Market Street Railway 4737:Market Street Railway 4719:Market Street Railway 4715:"1008 - Muni (Wings)" 4701:Market Street Railway 4550:Market Street Railway 4416:www.phillytrolley.org 4114:"PCC-Not so standard" 3899:King, Leroy O., Jr., 3723:Brill, Debra (2001). 3577: 3513: 3469: 3436: 3355: 3321: 3248: 2954: 2925:San Francisco Station 2884: 2850: 2798:Market–Frankford Line 2770: 2730: 2706: 2644: 2573:San Diego, California 2547:Boston, Massachusetts 1690:Tranvías de Barcelona 1431:(see section below). 1231:Chicago Surface Lines 1089: 962:Westinghouse Electric 779:Chicago Surface Lines 639:7054-7097, 7354-7378 625:7034-7053, 7335-7353 611:7023-7033, 7306-7334 568: 524:Windber, Pennsylvania 471:(SDERy) for 25 cars, 461:Chicago Surface Lines 457:Baltimore Transit Co. 446:Clarence F. Hirshfeld 234:AAR wheel arrangement 57:Interior of a PCC car 5442:"東京都交通局,都電,都電おもいで広場" 5360:Strassenahnen-Online 5213:November 2017, p. 10 4995:Ian Allan Publishing 4816:public-transport.net 4461:on 27 September 2007 4390:The Pittsburgh Press 4342:Borzo, Greg (2007). 3758:www.thejaxsonmag.com 3731:. pp. 202–205. 3670:spiritual successors 3274:Brussels Tram Museum 2645:PCC 3263 at Mattapan 2510:Tourist Tram by HOVM 931:St Louis Car Company 493:St Louis Car Company 459:(BTCo) for 27 cars, 208:Current collector(s) 75:St Louis Car Company 4004:, pp. 144–155. 3779:, pp. 117–119. 2800:, and stops at the 2794:Broad Street Subway 2668:light rail vehicles 2308:Tonawandas corridor 1570:Los Angeles Railway 1273:Pittsburgh Railways 579: 529:The PCCs built for 473:Los Angeles Railway 465:Pittsburgh Railways 463:(CSL) for 83 cars, 5537:Tranvías de Madrid 5095:on August 22, 2013 5083:Flores, Aileen B. 4873:rails i ferradures 4165:. Transit Toronto. 4065:, pp. 98–100. 3579: 3515: 3471: 3438: 3357: 3323: 3251: 3001:), who built both 2957: 2912:north and west to 2887: 2857: 2835:routes 101 and 102 2773: 2742:Kenosha, Wisconsin 2733: 2709: 2647: 2474:Kenosha, Wisconsin 2183:El Paso City Lines 2151:Louisville Railway 2038:reopened in 1981. 1110:Rapid transit cars 1092: 577: 575: 573:in the early 1960s 418:J.G. Brill Company 255:; for Final Stop, 224:UIC classification 195:Electric system(s) 90:1949–1978 (Europe) 33:Three PCCs on the 5493:978-0-934732-00-0 5474:978-0-916374-41-9 5172:transittoronto.ca 5119:phillytrolley.org 5039:Wiesel, Jamison. 4353:978-0-7385-5100-5 4280:. January 1, 2018 4274:"Future Projects" 4255:. January 1, 2018 4118:www.nycsubway.org 3217: 3216: 2914:Fisherman's Wharf 2908:, then along the 2865:San Diego Trolley 2853:Convention Center 2815:West Philadelphia 2698:El Paso Streetcar 2632: 2631: 2563:San Diego Trolley 2490:El Paso Streetcar 2379: 2378: 2042:resumed in 2011. 1777:JKP GRAS Sarajevo 1024:dead man's switch 923: 922: 571:Riverside station 358: 357: 244:Braking system(s) 201:overhead catenary 5723: 5642: 5635: 5633: 5624: 5612: 5605: 5598: 5591: 5584: 5570: 5568: 5566: 5556: 5534: 5520:Interurban Press 5497: 5478: 5450: 5449: 5438: 5432: 5431: 5424: 5418: 5417: 5415: 5414: 5400: 5394: 5393: 5391: 5390: 5376: 5370: 5369: 5367: 5366: 5352: 5346: 5345: 5343: 5342: 5328: 5322: 5321: 5319: 5317: 5306: 5300: 5299: 5297: 5295: 5283: 5277: 5276: 5274: 5272: 5256: 5250: 5249: 5247: 5245: 5231: 5214: 5208: 5202: 5201: 5199: 5197: 5182: 5176: 5175: 5164: 5158: 5157: 5151: 5149: 5129: 5123: 5122: 5111: 5105: 5104: 5102: 5100: 5091:. Archived from 5080: 5074: 5073: 5071: 5069: 5058: 5049: 5048: 5036: 5030: 5029: 5018: 5012: 5011: 5004: 4998: 4985: 4979: 4978: 4971: 4965: 4964: 4953: 4947: 4944: 4938: 4937: 4935: 4933: 4928:. Allen Morrison 4917: 4911: 4910: 4903: 4897: 4896: 4889: 4883: 4882: 4880: 4879: 4864: 4858: 4857: 4855: 4854: 4840: 4834: 4833: 4826: 4820: 4819: 4808: 4802: 4801: 4799: 4798: 4789:. Archived from 4783: 4777: 4776: 4765: 4759: 4758: 4747: 4741: 4740: 4729: 4723: 4722: 4711: 4705: 4704: 4693: 4687: 4686: 4684: 4682: 4667: 4661: 4660: 4653: 4647: 4646: 4639: 4633: 4632: 4630: 4628: 4617: 4611: 4610: 4608: 4606: 4600:qlinedetroit.com 4592: 4586: 4585: 4578: 4572: 4571: 4560: 4554: 4553: 4542: 4536: 4535: 4528: 4522: 4521: 4514: 4489: 4488: 4477: 4471: 4470: 4468: 4466: 4451: 4445: 4444: 4442: 4441: 4426: 4420: 4419: 4408: 4402: 4401: 4399: 4397: 4382: 4376: 4375: 4364: 4358: 4357: 4339: 4333: 4332: 4315: 4309: 4302: 4289: 4288: 4286: 4285: 4270: 4264: 4263: 4261: 4260: 4245: 4239: 4233: 4227: 4226: 4209: 4203: 4202: 4185: 4179: 4173: 4167: 4166: 4159: 4153: 4147: 4141: 4135: 4129: 4128: 4126: 4124: 4110: 4099: 4093: 4087: 4081: 4075: 4072: 4066: 4060: 4054: 4048: 4042: 4031:Interurban Press 4023: 4017: 4011: 4005: 3999: 3993: 3992: 3979:Interurban Press 3970: 3964: 3958: 3952: 3946: 3940: 3934: 3928: 3922: 3916: 3910: 3904: 3897: 3891: 3890: 3884: 3882: 3854: 3848: 3847: 3845: 3843: 3826: 3820: 3816: 3810: 3809: 3802: 3796: 3786: 3780: 3774: 3768: 3767: 3765: 3764: 3749: 3743: 3742: 3720: 3571: 3570: 3566: 3507: 3506: 3502: 3409: 3408: 3404: 3349: 3348: 3344: 3315: 3314: 3310: 3259: 3242: 3241: 3237: 3212: 3192: 3161: 3144: 3127: 3110: 3093: 3076: 3060: 3056: 3028: 3027: 3017:and its variant 2974:Second World War 2802:Philadelphia Zoo 2627: 2618:Toronto, Ontario 2603: 2582: 2556: 2530: 2504: 2483: 2398: 2397: 2371: 2365: 2359: 2339: 2333: 2327: 2302: 2296: 2290: 2272: 2266: 2260: 2239: 2233: 2227: 2206: 2200: 2194: 2174: 2168: 2162: 2141: 2135: 2129: 2104: 2098: 2092: 2071: 2065: 2059: 2030: 2024: 2018: 1997: 1991: 1985: 1964: 1958: 1952: 1932: 1926: 1920: 1900: 1894: 1888: 1866: 1860: 1854: 1833: 1827: 1821: 1800: 1794: 1788: 1767: 1761: 1755: 1731: 1701: 1673: 1667: 1639: 1615: 1584: 1557: 1531: 1504: 1478: 1451: 1416: 1385: 1357: 1318: 1296:4000 series cars 1287: 1245: 1169: 1168: 1008:General Electric 970:General Electric 935:Pullman Standard 909: 887: 865: 843: 821: 699: 580: 576: 555:magnetic braking 551:resilient wheels 531:Washington, D.C. 518:, as well as in 501:Pullman Standard 485:General Electric 350: 348: 347: 343: 340: 331: 326: 320: 316: 314: 313: 309: 306: 294: 289: 287: 286: 282: 279: 103:Number preserved 79:Pullman Standard 55: 31: 19: 18: 5731: 5730: 5726: 5725: 5724: 5722: 5721: 5720: 5646: 5645: 5638: 5631: 5627: 5620: 5608: 5601: 5594: 5587: 5580: 5577: 5564: 5562: 5554: 5532: 5494: 5475: 5459: 5457:Further reading 5454: 5453: 5440: 5439: 5435: 5426: 5425: 5421: 5412: 5410: 5402: 5401: 5397: 5388: 5386: 5378: 5377: 5373: 5364: 5362: 5354: 5353: 5349: 5340: 5338: 5330: 5329: 5325: 5315: 5313: 5308: 5307: 5303: 5293: 5291: 5284: 5280: 5270: 5268: 5257: 5253: 5243: 5241: 5233: 5232: 5217: 5209: 5205: 5195: 5193: 5184: 5183: 5179: 5166: 5165: 5161: 5147: 5145: 5130: 5126: 5113: 5112: 5108: 5098: 5096: 5081: 5077: 5067: 5065: 5060: 5059: 5052: 5037: 5033: 5020: 5019: 5015: 5006: 5005: 5001: 4986: 4982: 4973: 4972: 4968: 4955: 4954: 4950: 4945: 4941: 4931: 4929: 4918: 4914: 4905: 4904: 4900: 4891: 4890: 4886: 4877: 4875: 4865: 4861: 4852: 4850: 4848:urban-trans.net 4842: 4841: 4837: 4828: 4827: 4823: 4810: 4809: 4805: 4796: 4794: 4785: 4784: 4780: 4767: 4766: 4762: 4749: 4748: 4744: 4731: 4730: 4726: 4713: 4712: 4708: 4695: 4694: 4690: 4680: 4678: 4668: 4664: 4655: 4654: 4650: 4641: 4640: 4636: 4626: 4624: 4619: 4618: 4614: 4604: 4602: 4596:"About - QLINE" 4594: 4593: 4589: 4580: 4579: 4575: 4562: 4561: 4557: 4544: 4543: 4539: 4530: 4529: 4525: 4516: 4515: 4492: 4479: 4478: 4474: 4464: 4462: 4453: 4452: 4448: 4439: 4437: 4428: 4427: 4423: 4410: 4409: 4405: 4395: 4393: 4384: 4383: 4379: 4366: 4365: 4361: 4354: 4344:The Chicago "L" 4340: 4336: 4329: 4317: 4316: 4312: 4303: 4292: 4283: 4281: 4272: 4271: 4267: 4258: 4256: 4247: 4246: 4242: 4234: 4230: 4223: 4211: 4210: 4206: 4199: 4187: 4186: 4182: 4174: 4170: 4161: 4160: 4156: 4148: 4144: 4136: 4132: 4122: 4120: 4112: 4111: 4102: 4094: 4090: 4082: 4078: 4073: 4069: 4061: 4057: 4049: 4045: 4024: 4020: 4012: 4008: 4000: 3996: 3989: 3981:. p. 235. 3971: 3967: 3959: 3955: 3947: 3943: 3935: 3931: 3923: 3919: 3911: 3907: 3898: 3894: 3880: 3878: 3856: 3855: 3851: 3841: 3839: 3827: 3823: 3817: 3813: 3804: 3803: 3799: 3787: 3783: 3775: 3771: 3762: 3760: 3750: 3746: 3739: 3721: 3717: 3712: 3659: 3628: 3622: 3613: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3562: 3561: 3553: 3508: 3504: 3500: 3498: 3497: 3489: 3464: 3456: 3431: 3416: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3400: 3399: 3384: 3378: 3363: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3340: 3339: 3329: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3306: 3305: 3261: 3257: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3233: 3232: 3210: 3190: 3159: 3142: 3125: 3108: 3091: 3074: 3058: 3054: 2987: 2963: 2949: 2942: 2893: 2879: 2863: 2845: 2833:via light rail 2779: 2765: 2739: 2725: 2715: 2701: 2692: 2686: 2653: 2639: 2625: 2614:charter service 2601: 2580: 2554: 2528: 2502: 2481: 2388:post-war period 2384: 2369: 2363: 2357: 2337: 2331: 2325: 2300: 2294: 2288: 2270: 2264: 2258: 2237: 2231: 2225: 2204: 2198: 2192: 2172: 2166: 2160: 2139: 2133: 2127: 2102: 2096: 2090: 2069: 2063: 2057: 2028: 2022: 2016: 1995: 1989: 1983: 1962: 1956: 1950: 1930: 1924: 1918: 1898: 1892: 1886: 1864: 1858: 1852: 1831: 1825: 1819: 1798: 1792: 1786: 1765: 1759: 1753: 1729: 1699: 1671: 1665: 1637: 1613: 1582: 1555: 1529: 1502: 1476: 1449: 1414: 1383: 1355: 1316: 1285: 1243: 1216: 1164: 1159: 1112: 1084: 1082:Body variations 1056:friction brakes 1048:standee windows 1040:friction brakes 1016:Service braking 1012:maintainability 1004:dynamic braking 990: 907: 885: 863: 841: 819: 806: 792: 770: 756: 742: 728: 697: 684: 670: 656: 642: 628: 614: 563: 543:modular vehicle 387:street railways 382: 345: 341: 338: 336: 335:3 ft 334: 329: 327: 322: 318: 311: 307: 304: 302: 301:4 ft 300: 299: 292: 284: 280: 277: 275: 274:5 ft 273: 185: 157:Traction motors 89: 77: 58: 46: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5729: 5719: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5698: 5693: 5688: 5683: 5678: 5673: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5644: 5643: 5636: 5625: 5618: 5613: 5606: 5599: 5592: 5585: 5576: 5575:External links 5573: 5572: 5571: 5547: 5530: 5512: 5498: 5492: 5479: 5473: 5458: 5455: 5452: 5451: 5433: 5419: 5395: 5371: 5347: 5323: 5301: 5278: 5251: 5215: 5203: 5177: 5159: 5124: 5106: 5075: 5050: 5031: 5013: 4999: 4980: 4966: 4948: 4939: 4912: 4898: 4884: 4859: 4835: 4821: 4803: 4778: 4760: 4742: 4724: 4706: 4688: 4662: 4648: 4634: 4612: 4587: 4573: 4555: 4537: 4523: 4490: 4472: 4446: 4421: 4403: 4392:. May 19, 1955 4377: 4359: 4352: 4334: 4327: 4310: 4290: 4265: 4249:"Toronto 4612" 4240: 4228: 4221: 4204: 4197: 4180: 4168: 4154: 4142: 4130: 4100: 4088: 4076: 4067: 4055: 4053:, p. 149. 4043: 4018: 4006: 3994: 3987: 3965: 3953: 3941: 3929: 3917: 3905: 3892: 3849: 3821: 3811: 3797: 3789:C.F. Hirshfeld 3781: 3769: 3744: 3737: 3714: 3713: 3711: 3708: 3707: 3706: 3701: 3691: 3690: 3689: 3683: 3666: 3658: 3655: 3621: 3615: 3560: 3555: 3518:Czechoslovakia 3496: 3491: 3474:Czechoslovakia 3463: 3458: 3441:Czechoslovakia 3430: 3425: 3398: 3395: 3377: 3374: 3338: 3333: 3304: 3301: 3285:standard gauge 3231: 3225: 3215: 3214: 3208: 3205: 3202: 3195: 3194: 3188: 3185: 3182: 3178: 3177: 3174: 3171: 3168: 3164: 3163: 3157: 3154: 3151: 3147: 3146: 3140: 3137: 3134: 3130: 3129: 3123: 3120: 3117: 3113: 3112: 3106: 3103: 3100: 3096: 3095: 3089: 3086: 3083: 3079: 3078: 3072: 3069: 3066: 3062: 3061: 3052: 3049: 3046: 3042: 3041: 3038: 3035: 3032: 3003:standard-gauge 2986: 2983: 2948: 2943: 2906:Ferry Building 2878: 2873: 2844: 2839: 2764: 2762:SEPTA Route 15 2759: 2724: 2719: 2700: 2695: 2685: 2680: 2638: 2633: 2630: 2629: 2623: 2620: 2615: 2612: 2606: 2605: 2599: 2596: 2591: 2585: 2584: 2578: 2575: 2570: 2565: 2559: 2558: 2552: 2549: 2544: 2539: 2533: 2532: 2526: 2523: 2514: 2511: 2507: 2506: 2500: 2497: 2495:El Paso, Texas 2492: 2486: 2485: 2479: 2476: 2471: 2465: 2464: 2461: 2458: 2453: 2448: 2442: 2441: 2438: 2435: 2430: 2421: 2415: 2414: 2411: 2408: 2405: 2402: 2383: 2380: 2377: 2376: 2373: 2367: 2361: 2355: 2350: 2344: 2343: 2341: 2335: 2329: 2323: 2318: 2312: 2311: 2304: 2298: 2292: 2286: 2281: 2275: 2274: 2268: 2262: 2256: 2251: 2245: 2244: 2241: 2235: 2229: 2223: 2218: 2212: 2211: 2208: 2202: 2196: 2190: 2185: 2179: 2178: 2176: 2170: 2164: 2158: 2153: 2147: 2146: 2143: 2137: 2131: 2125: 2120: 2114: 2113: 2106: 2100: 2094: 2088: 2083: 2077: 2076: 2073: 2067: 2061: 2055: 2050: 2044: 2043: 2032: 2026: 2020: 2014: 2009: 2003: 2002: 1999: 1993: 1987: 1981: 1976: 1970: 1969: 1966: 1960: 1954: 1948: 1943: 1937: 1936: 1934: 1928: 1922: 1916: 1911: 1905: 1904: 1902: 1896: 1890: 1884: 1879: 1873: 1872: 1868: 1862: 1856: 1850: 1845: 1839: 1838: 1835: 1829: 1823: 1817: 1812: 1806: 1805: 1802: 1796: 1790: 1784: 1779: 1773: 1772: 1769: 1763: 1757: 1751: 1746: 1740: 1739: 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877: 876: 873: 870: 867: 861: 855: 854: 851: 848: 845: 839: 833: 832: 829: 826: 823: 817: 811: 810: 807: 804: 801: 797: 796: 793: 790: 787: 784: 781: 775: 774: 771: 768: 765: 761: 760: 757: 754: 751: 747: 746: 743: 740: 737: 733: 732: 729: 726: 723: 720: 717: 711: 710: 707: 704: 701: 695: 689: 688: 685: 682: 679: 675: 674: 671: 668: 665: 661: 660: 657: 654: 651: 647: 646: 643: 640: 637: 633: 632: 629: 626: 623: 619: 618: 615: 612: 609: 606: 603: 597: 596: 593: 590: 587: 584: 562: 559: 381: 378: 356: 355: 324:standard gauge 270: 264: 263: 246: 240: 239: 236: 230: 229: 226: 220: 219: 210: 204: 203: 199:600 V DC from 197: 191: 190: 179: 173: 172: 169: 163: 162: 159: 153: 152: 149: 145: 144: 141: 137: 136: 133: 129: 128: 125: 121: 120: 119:Specifications 116: 115: 112: 108: 107: 104: 100: 99: 96: 92: 91: 88:1935–1952 (US) 86: 82: 81: 72: 68: 67: 64: 60: 59: 56: 48: 47: 32: 24: 23: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5728: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5656:Tram vehicles 5654: 5653: 5651: 5641: 5637: 5630: 5626: 5623: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5611: 5607: 5604: 5600: 5597: 5593: 5590: 5586: 5583: 5579: 5578: 5560: 5559:Canadian Rail 5553: 5548: 5546: 5545:84-86629-00-4 5542: 5538: 5531: 5529: 5528:0-916374-73-4 5525: 5521: 5517: 5513: 5511: 5510:0-915348-25-X 5507: 5503: 5499: 5495: 5489: 5485: 5480: 5476: 5470: 5466: 5461: 5460: 5447: 5443: 5437: 5429: 5423: 5409: 5405: 5399: 5385: 5381: 5375: 5361: 5357: 5351: 5337: 5333: 5327: 5311: 5305: 5289: 5282: 5266: 5262: 5255: 5240: 5239:kmk.krakow.pl 5236: 5230: 5228: 5226: 5224: 5222: 5220: 5212: 5207: 5191: 5187: 5181: 5173: 5169: 5163: 5156: 5144: 5143: 5138: 5134: 5128: 5120: 5116: 5110: 5094: 5090: 5089:El Paso Times 5086: 5079: 5063: 5057: 5055: 5046: 5042: 5035: 5027: 5023: 5017: 5009: 5003: 4996: 4992: 4991: 4984: 4976: 4970: 4962: 4958: 4952: 4943: 4927: 4923: 4916: 4908: 4902: 4894: 4888: 4874: 4870: 4863: 4849: 4845: 4839: 4831: 4825: 4817: 4813: 4807: 4793:on 2015-02-23 4792: 4788: 4782: 4774: 4770: 4764: 4756: 4752: 4746: 4738: 4734: 4728: 4720: 4716: 4710: 4702: 4698: 4692: 4677: 4673: 4666: 4658: 4652: 4644: 4638: 4622: 4616: 4601: 4597: 4591: 4583: 4577: 4569: 4565: 4559: 4551: 4547: 4541: 4533: 4527: 4519: 4513: 4511: 4509: 4507: 4505: 4503: 4501: 4499: 4497: 4495: 4486: 4485:www.tramz.com 4482: 4476: 4460: 4456: 4450: 4436:on 2007-02-05 4435: 4431: 4425: 4417: 4413: 4407: 4391: 4387: 4381: 4373: 4369: 4363: 4355: 4349: 4345: 4338: 4330: 4328:0-915348-15-2 4324: 4320: 4314: 4307: 4301: 4299: 4297: 4295: 4279: 4275: 4269: 4254: 4250: 4244: 4237: 4232: 4224: 4222:0-915348-15-2 4218: 4214: 4208: 4200: 4198:0-915348-15-2 4194: 4190: 4184: 4177: 4172: 4164: 4158: 4151: 4146: 4139: 4134: 4119: 4115: 4109: 4107: 4105: 4097: 4092: 4085: 4080: 4071: 4064: 4059: 4052: 4047: 4040: 4039:0-916374-73-4 4036: 4032: 4028: 4022: 4015: 4010: 4003: 3998: 3990: 3988:0-916374-57-2 3984: 3980: 3976: 3969: 3962: 3957: 3950: 3945: 3939:, p. 87. 3938: 3933: 3927:, supplement. 3926: 3921: 3915:, p. 59. 3914: 3909: 3902: 3896: 3888: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3865: 3864: 3859: 3853: 3838: 3837: 3832: 3825: 3815: 3807: 3801: 3794: 3790: 3785: 3778: 3773: 3759: 3755: 3752:Jaxson, The. 3748: 3740: 3738:0-253-33949-9 3734: 3730: 3726: 3719: 3715: 3705: 3702: 3699: 3695: 3692: 3687: 3684: 3681: 3678: 3677: 3675: 3672:developed by 3671: 3667: 3664: 3661: 3660: 3654: 3652: 3648: 3644: 3640: 3636: 3632: 3626: 3619: 3614: 3611: 3607: 3606:Ukrainian SSR 3603: 3599: 3595: 3591: 3587: 3583: 3576: 3567: 3559: 3554: 3551: 3547: 3543: 3542:Ukrainian SSR 3539: 3535: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3512: 3503: 3495: 3490: 3487: 3486:Ukrainian SSR 3483: 3479: 3475: 3468: 3462: 3457: 3454: 3450: 3446: 3442: 3435: 3429: 3424: 3421: 3420:multiple-unit 3414: 3405: 3394: 3392: 3388: 3382: 3373: 3371: 3367: 3361: 3354: 3345: 3337: 3332: 3327: 3320: 3311: 3303:A28 number 11 3300: 3298: 3294: 3290: 3286: 3281: 3279: 3278:Jacobs bogies 3275: 3271: 3267: 3262: 3258:(both models) 3255: 3247: 3238: 3229: 3224: 3222: 3209: 3203: 3200: 3197: 3196: 3189: 3183: 3180: 3179: 3175: 3169: 3166: 3165: 3158: 3152: 3149: 3148: 3141: 3135: 3132: 3131: 3124: 3118: 3115: 3114: 3107: 3101: 3098: 3097: 3090: 3084: 3081: 3080: 3073: 3067: 3065:A28 number 11 3064: 3063: 3059:(both models) 3053: 3047: 3044: 3043: 3040:Number built 3039: 3036: 3033: 3030: 3029: 3026: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2982: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2967: 2961: 2953: 2947: 2941: 2936: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2923: 2919: 2918:E Embarcadero 2915: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2898:Market Street 2894: 2891: 2890:San Francisco 2883: 2877: 2872: 2870: 2866: 2861: 2854: 2849: 2843: 2838: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2787: 2782: 2777: 2769: 2763: 2758: 2756: 2751: 2747: 2743: 2737: 2729: 2723: 2718: 2713: 2705: 2699: 2694: 2690: 2684: 2679: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2651: 2643: 2637: 2624: 2621: 2619: 2616: 2613: 2611: 2608: 2607: 2600: 2597: 2595: 2594:Dallas, Texas 2592: 2590: 2586: 2579: 2576: 2574: 2571: 2569: 2566: 2564: 2561: 2560: 2553: 2550: 2548: 2545: 2543: 2540: 2538: 2535: 2534: 2527: 2524: 2522: 2521:South Holland 2518: 2515: 2512: 2509: 2508: 2501: 2498: 2496: 2493: 2491: 2487: 2480: 2477: 2475: 2472: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2459: 2457: 2454: 2452: 2449: 2447: 2444: 2443: 2439: 2436: 2434: 2431: 2429: 2425: 2424:E Embarcadero 2422: 2420: 2417: 2416: 2412: 2409: 2406: 2403: 2400: 2399: 2396: 2393: 2389: 2374: 2368: 2362: 2356: 2354: 2353:United States 2351: 2349: 2346: 2345: 2342: 2336: 2330: 2324: 2322: 2321:United States 2319: 2317: 2314: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2299: 2293: 2287: 2285: 2284:United States 2282: 2280: 2277: 2276: 2269: 2263: 2257: 2255: 2254:United States 2252: 2250: 2247: 2246: 2242: 2236: 2230: 2224: 2222: 2219: 2217: 2214: 2213: 2209: 2203: 2197: 2191: 2189: 2188:United States 2186: 2184: 2181: 2180: 2177: 2171: 2165: 2159: 2157: 2156:United States 2154: 2152: 2149: 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Retrieved 3757: 3747: 3724: 3718: 3623: 3602:Russian SFSR 3594:Estonian SSR 3590:Soviet Union 3582:East Germany 3580: 3538:Russian SFSR 3530:Soviet Union 3522:East Germany 3516: 3482:Russian SFSR 3478:Soviet Union 3472: 3453:Russian SFSR 3449:Soviet Union 3439: 3411: 3391:Z Class tram 3379: 3358: 3326:West Germany 3324: 3282: 3263: 3252: 3230:/7900-series 3220: 3218: 3068:West Germany 2988: 2958: 2895: 2888: 2858: 2776:Philadelphia 2774: 2734: 2710: 2687: 2648: 2385: 1810:GSP Belgrade 1217: 1165: 1151: 1139: 1132: 1128: 1117: 1113: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1093: 1076: 1073: 1037: 1033: 1021: 1000: 995:Westinghouse 991: 982: 975: 959: 933:(SLCCo) and 924: 548: 540: 538:vice versa. 528: 526:since 1992. 520:Philadelphia 513: 506: 497: 450: 438:hypoid gears 435: 431: 414: 407: 383: 374:World War II 365: 361: 359: 351:) and other 297:broad gauges 295:) and other 217:trolley pole 186: 181: 177:Deceleration 167:Acceleration 95:Number built 71:Manufacturer 66:1936–present 43:double-ended 5271:January 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1187:Notes 1153:1999. 1134:Trucks 951:Quebec 939:trucks 919:W6820 897:W6624 875:W6699 853:W6750 831:W6580 809:W6786 795:W6749 773:W6892 759:W6710 745:W6697 731:W6629 709:W6777 687:W6712 673:W6701 659:W6665 645:W6645 631:W6634 617:W6569 595:Order 487:, and 228:Bo'Bo' 148:Weight 98:5,000+ 39:F-line 5632:(PDF) 5555:(PDF) 3694:KTM-1 3639:Osaka 3637:) in 3625:Japan 3293:Ghent 3211:00,00 3204:Japan 3126:00,00 3109:00,00 3075:00,00 3031:Model 2900:from 2827:Media 2817:with 2781:SEPTA 2750:SEPTA 2446:SEPTA 2413:PCCs 2407:Place 1695:Spain 1633:Egypt 1184:Total 1069:truck 916:71-95 805:(200) 791:(110) 755:(150) 741:(100) 442:truck 132:Width 5567:2017 5541:ISBN 5524:ISBN 5506:ISBN 5488:ISBN 5469:ISBN 5318:2016 5296:2016 5273:2019 5246:2019 5198:2018 5150:2018 5101:2015 5070:2024 4934:2011 4683:2010 4629:2018 4607:2024 4467:2019 4398:2010 4348:ISBN 4323:ISBN 4217:ISBN 4193:ISBN 4125:2014 4035:ISBN 3983:ISBN 3883:2021 3872:OCLC 3844:2017 3819:187. 3733:ISBN 3696:and 3674:UMTA 3668:Two 3629:The 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