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many residential buildings. The bar in the
Florence Hotel was the only place within the town limits where alcohol could be served and consumed. In the residential section, 150 acres (61 ha) were dedicated to tenements, flats and single-family homes with rents from $ 0.50 to $ 0.75 per month ($ 16 to $ 24 in 2023 adjusted for inflation). The residences featured modern conveniences such as gas, running water, indoor sewage plumbing and regular garbage removal. By 1884, there were more than 1,400 tenements and flats. By July of the following year, the population exceeded 8,600.
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885:. On April 24, 1880, groundwork began. Throughout construction, Pullman sought to minimize costs and maximize efficiency adopting techniques of mass production whenever possible. Some of the earliest departments and shops created included painting, iron, and woodworking. These could then be employed to contribute to continuing construction. By January 1, 1881, the town was ready for its first resident. A foreman from the Pullman Company's Detroit shop, Lee Benson, moved his wife, child, and sister into the town.
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990:(many, if not all, of whom were newly freed chattel slaves) almost exclusively for the porter positions. This decision by Pullman wasn't one of altruism but one primarily driven by economics: Pullman paid the black porters a pittance, forcing them to rely on tips from their white clientele for most of their earnings. This allowed the company to increase profits by minimizing the wages paid to one of its most important, and numerous, positions.
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beautiful in every belonging." In
February 1885, Harper's Monthly published and article by Richard T. Ely entitled "Pullman: A Social Study". Though the article offered praise for creating an elevated environment for its workers, it criticized the all-encompassing influence of the company ultimately concluding that "Pullman is un-American" and "benevolent, well-wishing feudalism."
1617:, in late 1952. That city's Pullman trolley buses have far outlasted any others, and as of 2015 about a dozen were still in regular service there, four from the 1952 batch and the others from a larger group built in 1946–48 but partially rebuilt in 1987–88. In 2003, the remaining 15 were declared a National Historic Monument by the Chilean government.
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227:, which carried his name into the 1980s. Pullman did not just manufacture the cars, it also operated them on most of the railroads in the United States, paying railroad companies to couple the cars to trains. In return, by the mid-20th century, these railroads would own Pullman outright. A labor union associated with the company, the
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After separating itself from its rail car manufacturing interests, Pullman, Inc., continued as a diversified corporation, with later mergers and acquisitions, including a merger in late 1980 with
Wheelabrator-Frye, Inc., in which Pullman became a subsidiary of Wheelabrator-Frye, Inc. In January 1982,
809:
After the last of the
Kellogg interests of Pullman-Kellogg were spun off, and after the railcar manufacturing plants were sold, and with the formal dissolution of the old Pullman Company (the operating company from the 1944 split), the remaining portions of the Pullman interests were spun off in May
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After the 1944 breakup, Pullman, Inc., remained in place as the parent company, with the following subsidiaries: The
Pullman Company for passenger car operations (but not passenger car ownership, which was passed to member railroads), and Pullman-Standard Car Manufacturing Co., for passenger car and
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was organized from the previous
Pullman manufacturing department and recently acquired Haskell & Barker Car Company, to consolidate the car building interests of The Pullman Co. The parent company, The Pullman Co. was established as its own company and Pullman, Inc., was formed on June 21, 1927.
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Building exteriors were red brick with limestone trim. Interiors featured high ceilings and large windows. Interior walls were purposefully painted in light colors to provide a cheerful environment. When completed, the town included a library, theater, hotel, church, market, sewage farm, park, and
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Operations of the
Pullman Company sleeper cars ceased and all leases were terminated on December 31, 1968. On January 1, 1969, the Pullman Company was dissolved and all assets were liquidated. (The most visible result on many railroads, including Union Pacific, was that the Pullman name was removed
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sought to separate the company's sleeping car operations from its manufacturing activities. In 1944, the court concurred, ordering
Pullman Incorporated to divest itself of either the Pullman Company (operating) or the Pullman-Standard Car Manufacturing Company (manufacturing). After three years of
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Former slaves working in a servile position were treated harshly, and were frequently subject to verbal and physical abuse. In 1925, after decades of discrimination and mistreatment by the passengers and the
Pullman company itself, the porters organized and became the first African-American labor
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In charge of the company town was the town agent who was responsible for all services and businesses including street and building maintenance, gas and water works, fire protection, the hotel, sewage farm, and the nursery and greenhouse. Reporting to the town agent were nine department heads and
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was to attract a superior type of employee and further elevate these individuals by excluding baneful influences. In late April 1880, George
Pullman announced his plans to build a company town and factory. Pullman's plan included an expectation that rent collected on the houses in the town would
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by company workers proved to be a transformative moment in American labor history. At the company's peak in the early 20th century, its cars accommodated 26 million people a year, and it in effect operated "the largest hotel in the world". Its production workers initially lived in a planned
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After its completion, the Pullman company town attracted national attention. Many critics praised Pullman's concept and planning. One newspaper article titled "The Arcadian City: Pullman, the Ideal City of the World" praised the town as "the youngest and most perfect city in the world, Pullman;
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for all its passengers. During the day, the upper berth was folded up overhead similar to a present-day airliner's overhead luggage compartment. At night, the upper berth folded down and the 2 facing seats below it folded over to provide a relatively comfortable lower berth. Although this was a
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In 1922, Haskell & Barker Car Manufacturing was acquired and in 1924 was merged with the other car manufacturing units of Pullman, and a new company was formed, Pullman Car & Manufacturing Company. In 1927, Pullman Company was created as a separate company and Pullman Incorporated was
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During the Panic of 1893, Pullman closed his manufacturing plant in Detroit to move all manufacturing to Pullman. Due to the soft economic conditions of this period, the Pullman Co. reduced wages and laid off employees. Though wages were reduced, residential utility rates and rents remained
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from the letterboard of all Pullman-owned cars.) An auction of all Pullman remaining assets was held at the Pullman plant in Chicago in early 1970. The Pullman, Inc., company remained in place until 1981 or 1982 to close out all remaining liabilities and claims, operating from an office in
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into a new Pullman Company. In November 1985, Pullman bought Peabody International and the new company took the new name of Pullman Peabody. In April 1987 (after Pullman Technology was sold to Bombardier), the name was changed back to Pullman Company. In July 1987 the company acquired
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in the mid-to-late 19th century through the first half of the 20th century, during the boom of railroads in the United States. Through rapid late-19th century development of mass production and takeover of rivals, the company developed a virtual monopoly on production and ownership of
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1029:' arrest as a catalyst and rallying cry to help organize it. Nixon, whose duties as a porter often saw him out of town for various lengths of time, had to enlist the help of a young, energetic black minister new to Montgomery to run the boycott in his absence: the
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In mid-1981, Pullman, Inc., spun off its freight car manufacturing interests as Pullman Transportation Company. Several plants were closed and in 1984, the remaining railcar manufacturing plants and the Pullman-Standard freight car designs and patents were sold to
1009:(BSCP), which after years of effort, fought for and won a collective bargaining agreement in 1937. At its height the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters had a membership of over 18,000 passenger railway workers across Canada, Mexico, and the United States.
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for design and Nathan F. Barrett for landscaping. Both were considered experts in their respective fields. Beman interned under architect Richard Upjohn. Barrett landscaped areas in Staten Island and Tuxedo, New York, as well as Long Branch, New Jersey.
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The best years for Pullman were the mid-1920s. In 1925, the fleet grew to 9800 cars. Twenty-eight thousand conductors and twelve thousand porters were employed by the Pullman Co. Pullman built its last standard heavyweight sleeping car in February 1931.
951:, servicing their passenger equipment from throughout the Western US. The main building of the Richmond Pullman Shops still exists, as does the thoroughfare it is located on: Pullman Avenue. Another site was Pullman Car & Manufacturing Corp. of
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somewhat spartan accommodation by today's standards, it was a great improvement on the previous layout. Curtains provided privacy, and there were washrooms at each end of the car for men and women. The first Pullman coach was built at the
2006:"GEORGE M. PULLMAN DEAD; The Millionaire Car Builder of Chicago Expires Suddenly of Heart Disease. FELT ON THE STOCK MARKET The Announcement of Mr. Pullman's Death Followed by Lively Fluctuations in the Stocks in Which He Was Interested"
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In 1877, the United States experienced the Great Railroad Strike. Part of its legacy included more powerful unions and a tendency for employers to consider the broader well-being of their employees. Pullman's objective in building a
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The Pullman-Kellogg interests were spun off by Waste Management as Pullman Power Products Corporation, and by late 2004 that company was doing business as Pullman Power LLC, a subsidiary of Structural Group, a specialty contractor.
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Patrol Craft, Escorts (PCEs), which were 180 feet long and weighed 640 tons, and 44 Landing Ship, Medium (LSMs), which were 203 feet long and weighed 520 tons. Pullman ranked 56th among United States corporations in the value of
487:
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1581:, a standardized type of streetcar purchased by numerous North American transit systems between 1936 and 1952 and nearly 5,000 of which were constructed. Pullman built the body of the very first all-new PCC car, a
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in 1970) for commuter operations until 1987, when Bombardier purchased Pullman Technology to gain control of its designs and patents. As of late 2004, Pullman Technology, Inc., remained a subsidiary of Bombardier.
1862:
614:, on the north side of 130th Street. Pullman built the boats in 40-ton blocks which were assembled in a fabrication shop on 111th Street and moved to the yard on gondola cars. In two years, the company built 34
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The passenger car designs of Pullman-Standard were spun off into a separate company called Pullman Technology, Inc., in 1982. Using the Transit America trade name, Pullman Technology continued to market its
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Pullman established his company in 1862 and built luxury sleeping cars which featured carpeting, draperies, upholstered chairs, libraries, card tables and an unparalleled level of customer service. Patented
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for use in cities. Post-WWII changes in automobile and airplane transport led to a steep decline in the company's fortunes. It collapsed in 1968, with a successor company continuing operations until 1981.
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The legacy of Pullman porters goes beyond the railway. A. Philip Randolph took the lessons learned and experience gained in organizing the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters to help organize the nascent
1613:. The vast majority were built for U.S. cities, with only 24 being supplied to Canadian cities and a total of 136 built for cities in South America. The last trolleybuses built were an order of 30 for
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freight car manufacturing; along with a large freight car leasing operation under the parent company's control. Pullman, Inc., remained separate until a merger with Wheelabrator, then headed by CEO
556:
On January 1, 1900, after buying numerous associated and competing companies, it was reorganized as The Pullman Co., characterized by its trademark phrase, "Travel and Sleep in Safety and Comfort."
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initially considered the concept of turning Pullman into a new, urban National Park. On February 19, 2015, Pullman's company town was established as a National Monument by President Barack Obama.
579:. Pullman-Standard remained in the rail car manufacturing business until 1982. Standard Steel Car Co., had been organized on January 2, 1902, to operate a railroad car manufacturing facility at
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in 1929, and on December 26, 1934, Pullman Car & Manufacturing, along with several other Pullman, Inc. subsidiaries, merged with Standard Steel Car Co. and its subsidiaries to form the
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1605:, as they were more commonly known at the time – starting in 1931 and concluding in late 1952. A total of 2,007 trolley buses were built by the company. Production took place at a former
925:
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As a side note, other construction engineering portions of Pullman-Kellogg were spun off as a new M. W. Kellogg Corporation, and in December 1998, became part of the merger that formed
685:, 50 F. Supp. 123, 126, 137 (E.D. Pa. 1943), the company was ordered to divest itself of one of its two lines of sleeping car businesses after having acquired all of its competitors.
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827:. As of late 2004, Pullman Co. (now the brand name Clevite), as a manufacturer of automotive elastomer products, was still under the control of Tenneco Automotive.
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United States Strike Commission, Report on the Chicago Strike of June–July 1894 (Washington D.C., Government Printing Office, 1895), 530, accessed April 15, 2015
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United States Strike Commission, Report on the Chicago Strike of June–July 1894 (Washington D.C., Government Printing Office, 1895), 529, accessed April 15, 2015
1991:
762:, a builder of large, cast-in-place smokestacks, silos and chimneys. Wheelabrator-Frye retained both Pullman and Kellogg as direct subsidiaries. Later in 1982
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1021:, a Pullman porter and leader of a local chapter of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, worked with one of his employees to help start the 1955
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When George Pullman began hiring porters in 1868, he sought people who had been trained to be the perfect servants. This led the company to hire
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In 1943, Pullman Standard established a shipbuilding division and entered wartime small ship design and construction. The yard was located near
735:
669:, which assigned them to the Red Line. Pullman-Standard was spun off from Pullman, Inc., as Pullman Technology, Inc., in 1981, and was sold to
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In February 1904, the Pullman Company was given a court order to sell the company town but delayed compliance until 1907. Today, Pullman is a
905:. Thirty people were killed as a result of the strikes and sabotage. The loss of pride after the strike stayed with the town long afterward.
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plant in Worcester, Massachusetts, which had come under Pullman control as part of its 1929/30 acquisition of a controlling interest in the
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called "model B", in 1934, but the first production-series Pullman PCC cars were not built until 1938 (and delivered in early 1939). The
798:, a specialty contracting firm that competes directly with Halliburton worldwide. Washington Group International is the successor to the
734:
Pullman, Inc., spun off its large fleet of leased freight rail cars in April 1981 as Pullman Leasing Company, which later became part of
454:, was one of eighteen cars built in 1927 by the Pullman Company as part of the fourth order of business cars for division superintendents
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building period lasted from 1891 until 1951. The company one was one of just three builders (and one of only two in the U.S.) of the
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Pullman-Standard built its last sleeping car in 1956 and its last lightweight passenger cars in 1965, an order of ten coaches for
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235:, was one of the most powerful African-American political entities of the 20th century. The company also built thousands of
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Beginning in 1975, Pullman started delivery of the massive 754 75 ft (23 m) stainless steel subway cars to the
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approximately 300 men. There were no elections except for the school board, as all officials were selected by Pullman.
782:, an oil well servicing company. In an eventual competitive move, other Kellogg engineering interests were merged with
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997:. This had little to do with the wages being paid to them by Pullman, and more to do with the reliable income stream.
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in 1975, the Transit Authority assigned the cars to other subway services. Pullman also built subway cars for the
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negotiations, the Pullman Company was sold to a consortium of 57 railroads for approximately US$ 40 million.
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The Pullman Company operated several facilities in other areas of the US. One of these was the Pullman Shops in
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captured about 75% of the U.S. market for PCC cars, with the balance of around 25% being supplied by Pullman.
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881:'s governing concept placed the town not within the city limits of Chicago but in the adjoining town of
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Once a household name due to their large market share, the Pullman Company is also known for the bitter
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In 1940, just as orders for lightweight cars were increasing and sleeping car traffic was growing, the
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Richard Ely, "Pullman: A Social Study," Harper's Monthly 70 (1885): 465, accessed April 15, 2015,
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This Pullman Private Car, which was available for lease, was built by the Pullman Company in 1911
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819:. By 1996, Pullman Co., with its Clevite subsidiary, was almost solely a supplier of automotive
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unchanged. On May 11, 1894, the employees of the Pullman Co. walked off the job initiating the
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1863:"South Shore Journal - Marktown: Clayton Mark's Planned Worker Community in Northwest Indiana"
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One of the Pullman-built trolley buses that are still in service in ValparaĂso, Chile, in 2014
983:. The porters served first-class passengers traveling in the luxurious Pullman sleeping cars.
292:, Pullman reduced hours and wages but not rents, precipitating the strike. Workers joined the
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Preserved Edmonton Transit buses on display in 2008, Brill 148, Pullman 113 and Twin Coach 59
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Standard Steel Car Company conglomerate which included Osgood Bradley, Standard Motor Truck,
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in the spring of 1859 with the permission of Chicago & Alton President Joel A. Matteson.
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2536:"Pullman: Labor, Race, and the Urban Landscape in a Company Town | "The Arcadian City""
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provided a quieter and smoother ride than conventional cast iron wheels from 1867 to 1915.
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2297:"Wheelabrator, Pullman Set to Merge; Pullman Accepts Bid For Merger Pullman Stock Gains 3"
2241:"Who built the streamliners: Historical profiles of North American passenger-car builders"
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630:. The company continued to market and build cars for commuter rail and subway service and
8:
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331:, and in 1934, it was merged with Pullman Car & Manufacturing Company to be known as
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698:, in late 1980, which led to the separation of Pullman interests in early and mid-1981.
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Being a Pullman Porter was seen as safe, steady work and allowed tens of thousands of
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on 4,000 acres (1,600 ha), 14 mi (23 km) south of Chicago, contracting
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cars in 1982 and its remaining designs were purchased in 1987 when it was absorbed by
260:, George Pullman was inspired to design an improved passenger railcar which contained
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acquired Wheelabrator-Frye. In 1990, the entire Wheelabrator-Frye group was sold to
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Built in 1928, the 'Amundsen', on different occasions reportedly carried Presidents
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3077:. Rochester, NY (US): Rochester Chapter National Raillway Historical Society,
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Rising from the Rails: Pullman Porters and the Making of the Black Middle Class
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742:. ITEL Rail Leasing (including the PLCX reporting mark) was later divested to
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The original Pullman Palace Car Co. had been organized on February 22, 1867.
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1948 ValparaĂso Pullman trolleybus 888 southbound at Plaza Sotomayor in 2017
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African-American history between emancipation and the civil rights movement
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Pullman: An Experiment in Industrial Order and Community Planning 1880–1930
2035:"Pullman railroad cars, Robert Todd Lincoln and Effingham County railroads"
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224:
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2851:. Louisville (KY): North American Trackless Trolley Association (defunct).
2533:"The Arcadian City," uncited newspaper clipping, accessed April 15, 2015,
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2210:"Rails Taking Over Sleeping Car Runs; Pullmans Moving Into Rails' Hands"
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Inherited by Penn Central, then Metro-North, which retired them in 1983
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civil engineering and contracting corporation, and is also the owner of
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2920:, September–October 2015, p. 152. UK: National Trolleybus Association.
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produce a 6% return on investment (ROI), but the ROI never exceeded 4–
587:, was reorganized as a subsidiary of Pullman, Inc., on March 1, 1930.
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that has been preserved in Seattle, for occasional public excursions
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holds records for approximately 200,000 employees of Pullman Works.
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Society for the Prevention of Calling Sleeping Car Porters "George"
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of Chicago in 1955. The company ceased production after the Amtrak
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established as a holding company. In 1930, Pullman purchased the
252:
After spending the night sleeping in his seat on a train trip from
118:
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CTA Pullman trolley bus 9338 and UMC bus 131, Irving Park Rd, 1968
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filed an anti-trust complaint against Pullman Incorporated in the
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In addition to rail vehicles, Pullman-Standard also manufactured
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Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, pp. 180-181
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Smithsonian, Pullman Palace Car Company Collection, 1867–1979
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staged by their workers and union leaders in 1894. During an
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2867:, p. 111. Merrick (NY), US: Traction Slides International.
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Carlson, Stephen P.; and Schneider, Fred W. || || (1980).
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by their procurement contract, these cars, along with the
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Engines of Our Enginuity, No. 758: Paper railroad wheels.
1210:(based on St. Louis Car 7600 series for C&NW in 1955)
823:(rubber) parts, and in July 1996 the company was sold to
525:
Entrance gates to the company's Calumet Works, circa 1900
517:
Pullman's Palace Car Co. capital stock certificate (1884)
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The 'Civic Center' was built in the 1940s and ran in the
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1993:
Pullman Palace Car Works: The Allen Paper Wheel Company.
778:, a specialty contractor which itself was later sold to
2324:"Pullman Conductor All but Disappears With End of 1968"
3209:
The South Suburban Genealogical and Historical Society
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this Web site focuses solely on Pullman's sleeper cars
1102:
Presidents' Conference Committee streetcar, "A" series
2897:. Yateley, Hampshire, UK: Trolleybooks. p. 124.
2189:
The Weapons Acquisition Process: An Economic Analysis
1645:
Dayton Pullman trolley bus, Jefferson & 4th, 1968
549:
The Pullman Company ticket from Atlanta to Washington
541:
The Pullman Company ticket from Chicago to Des Moines
2911:
2681:"NPS Archeology Program: Antiquities Act Centennial"
1657:
Dayton Pullman trolley bus at Keowee & Leo, 1968
794:
before it became the Rust Division of what is today
353:
66:: became Pullman-Standard Car Manufacturing Company
4096:Passenger rail transportation in the United States
3137:Includes a timeline of the Pullman antitrust case.
3023:
2388:"Pullman Co. reports earnings for Qtr. to Sept 30"
2203:
2201:
1509:A 1792 (Davenport GE10) at Pullman Company in 1928
183:Workers leave the Pullman Palace Car Works in 1893
2966:"Quince troles porteños so monumentos históricos"
2649:Chicago's Pullman site could become national park
4101:Rolling stock manufacturers of the United States
4072:
2847:Porter, Harry; and Worris, Stanley F.X. (1979).
1729:Side view of a 1947 Pullman-Standard trolley bus
1215:Chicago and North Western Transportation Company
3244:
3177:
3044:
2703:
2198:
1922:(Interurbans Special 58), p. 173. Los Angeles:
1839:Briggs, Martha T.; Perters, Cunthia H. (1995).
4091:Defunct bus manufacturers of the United States
2709:
3650:
3230:
3164:Documents and clippings about Pullman Company
1911:
1909:
1907:
1838:
995:African-Americans access to middle-class life
2998:
2830:
2818:
2806:
2208:Bedingfield, Robert E. (November 23, 1968).
2058:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2033:member, Phil Lewis, ECCCMA (June 19, 2017).
497:and now resides at the Millbrae Train Museum
207:During a severe economic downturn, the 1894
2935:
2933:
2732:
2207:
2100:
2098:
1878:
1876:
1705:1947 Pullman trolleybus in ValparaĂso, 1996
979:The Pullman Company was also noted for its
786:becoming Kellogg Rust, which itself became
638:as late as the late 1970s and early 1980s.
561:Pullman Car & Manufacturing Corporation
16:American railroad car manufacturing company
3657:
3643:
3237:
3223:
3021:
2777:
2775:
2773:
1904:
1741:Interior of a Pullman-Standard trolley bus
1320:converted to trailer coaches in the 1970s
667:Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority
577:Pullman-Standard Car Manufacturing Company
571:Pullman purchased controlling interest in
333:Pullman-Standard Car Manufacturing Company
3504:General Motors Diesel Division (GM Coach)
2843:
2841:
2839:
2104:
1179:New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad
676:
3589:Transportation Manufacturing Corporation
2941:Jane's Urban Transport Systems 2009–2010
2930:
2849:Trolleybus Bulletin No. 109: Databook II
2105:Beberdick, Frank H. (December 7, 2002).
2095:
1873:
966:
834:
708:
544:
536:
528:
520:
512:
178:
3048:Travel by Pullman: a century of service
2999:Kashin, Seymour; Demoro, Harre (1986).
2859:
2857:
2770:
2294:
1955:
728:New Jersey Department of Transportation
403:Coach built in 1890 by Pullman for the
4073:
3202:
3141:The Pullman Trolleybuses of ValparaĂso
2892:
2886:
2836:
2733:Chateauvert, Melinda (June 28, 2016).
2691:from the original on December 12, 2017
2594:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2498:Urban Disorder and the Shape of Belief
2400:from the original on November 14, 2013
2334:from the original on February 24, 2015
2251:from the original on September 5, 2010
2220:from the original on February 24, 2015
2032:
1975:
1920:Transit's Stepchild, The Trolley Coach
975:assisting a passenger with her luggage
938:
338:The company closed its factory in the
303:After George Pullman's death in 1897,
77:December 31, 1968 (as Pullman Company)
3638:
3218:
3146:Frank H. Beberdick Pullman Collection
3119:Pullman Shops of Richmond, California
3092:. New York: Oxford University Press.
3087:
2976:from the original on November 6, 2009
2735:"Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters"
2633:
2621:
2609:
2542:from the original on February 5, 2017
2521:
2509:
2484:
2472:
2460:
2448:
2436:
2353:Cole, Robert J. (November 10, 1982).
2238:
2075:
2071:
2069:
1969:
1669:J28 169 Plaza de la Aduana, Wagen 832
688:
2854:
2661:from the original on August 26, 2014
2352:
2295:Ettorre, Barbara (August 22, 1980).
2268:
1449:(based on NJDOT/NJT Comet I coaches)
1044:
959:, incorporated on January 15, 1929.
926:National Register of Historic Places
502:
2651:, Seattle-pi.com (August 23, 2014)"
2113:from the original on August 6, 2020
1121:South Shore and South Bend Railroad
1007:Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters
596:U.S. District Court at Philadelphia
592:United States Department of Justice
229:Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters
13:
3624:Yellow Coach Manufacturing Company
3573:
3288:Environmental Performance Vehicles
2355:"Wheelabrator and Signal to Merge"
2066:
311:, became the company's president.
14:
4122:
3811:General Pershing Zephyr
3107:
3001:An American Original: The PCC Car
2239:Drury, George H. (June 5, 2006),
2078:"PULLMAN CAR - History in Motion"
1191:MP72/P72/T72/PT72 passenger stock
583:, and, after 1906, a facility at
3135:Pullman History at UtahRails.net
2863:Saitta, Joseph P. (ed.) (1987).
1782:List of trolleybus manufacturers
1753:
1734:
1722:
1710:
1698:
1686:
1674:
1662:
1650:
1638:
1622:
1592:
1554:
1542:
1530:
1514:
1502:
1048:
1040:
486:
459:
439:
432:Federal #98 Pullman Private Car.
423:
396:
384:
372:
360:
354:Gallery of Pullman railroad cars
3045:Welsh, Joe; Bill Howes (2004).
2958:
2824:
2812:
2800:
2726:
2673:
2639:
2627:
2615:
2603:
2555:
2527:
2515:
2503:
2490:
2478:
2466:
2454:
2442:
2430:
2421:
2412:
2380:
2346:
2316:
2288:
2262:
2232:
2175:
2143:
2125:
2026:
1998:
1031:Reverend Martin Luther King Jr.
830:
643:New York City Transit Authority
623:military production contracts.
3529:Les Enterprises Michel Corbeil
2895:World Trolleybus Encyclopaedia
2743:10.1093/obo/9780190280024-0011
2156:. Newberry.org. Archived from
1984:
1937:
1855:
1832:
1814:
796:Washington Group International
758:Wheelabrator-Frye merged with
738:, retaining the original PLCX
713:Pullman advertisement in 1962
379:Interior view of a Pullman car
367:Exterior view of a Pullman car
325:and Standard Steel Car Company
1:
4060:Lightweight train locomotives
3559:North American Bus Industries
2992:
2972:(in Spanish). July 29, 2003.
2785:, pp. 103–04. Glendale (CA):
2783:PCC: The Car That Fought Back
2271:"RAILROADS: Pullman Monopoly"
2076:Light, Craig (June 2, 2021).
1843:. Newberry Library. p. v
1286:Pullman-Standard 01400/01491
533:The Calumet Works, circa 1900
212:worker community, known as a
144:Intercity and commuter trains
3178:Pullman Company publications
2943:, pp. 65–66. Coulsdon (UK):
2109:. The Pullman History Site.
914:historical landmark district
683:United States v. Pullman Co.
598:(Civil Action No. 994). The
43:; 162 years ago
7:
3665:North American lightweight
3549:Millennium Transit Services
3509:GM Truck and Coach Division
3168:20th Century Press Archives
3075:Go Pullman: Life and Times
1765:
1035:
1015:black civil rights movement
231:, founded and organized by
57:; 94 years ago
10:
4127:
3198:illustrated brochure, 1954
3192:illustrated brochure, 1948
3186:illustrated brochure, 1934
3114:Pullman Company town today
3030:. Henry Holt and Company.
2714:. The Pullman History Site
1841:"Pullman Company Archives"
1611:Standard Steel Car Company
1607:Osgood Bradley Car Company
1226:lightweight, all aluminum
1207:Gallery cab and coach cars
962:
922:National Historic Landmark
715:Seaboard Air Line Railroad
573:Standard Steel Car Company
506:
448:Santa Fe Business Car #405
247:
4054:
4028:
4005:
3948:
3927:
3909:
3783:
3751:
3729:
3674:
3426:
3253:
2939:Webb, Mary (ed.) (2009).
1918:; and Ward, Paul (1973).
1329:Chicago Transit Authority
1142:Chicago Transit Authority
776:Kellogg, Brown & Root
135:
125:
110:
93:
87:Bombardier Transportation
81:
73:
34:
26:
4111:Trolleybus manufacturers
3489:Fifth Avenue Bus Company
3459:Canadian Car and Foundry
3073:Knoll, Charles (1995).
2945:Jane's Information Group
2831:Kashin & Demoro 1986
2819:Kashin & Demoro 1986
2807:Kashin & Demoro 1986
1978:"Paper Railroad Wheels?"
1945:"The History of Pullman"
1807:
1746:
1565:New York City subway car
726:design (first built for
195:, was a manufacturer of
103:Pullman Technology, Inc.
3469:Crown Coach Corporation
3190:Pullman on Dress Parade
3155:Pullman Company Records
3088:Buder, Stanley (1967).
3051:. Saint Paul, MN: MBI.
2193:Harvard Business School
1887:The Time of the Trolley
1484:bi-level passenger cars
1005:the porters formed the
412:B&O Railroad Museum
131:United States/Worldwide
52:: partial; full in 1900
3901:Rubber-tired rail cars
3614:Wayne Wheeled Vehicles
3584:Superior Coach Company
3564:Optima Bus Corporation
3464:Carpenter Body Company
3355:Motor Coach Industries
3184:Pullman Accommodations
2758:Cite journal requires
2737:: 9780190280024–0011.
2269:TIME (July 22, 1940).
1869:on September 13, 2012.
1787:Pullman (car or coach)
1023:Montgomery bus boycott
976:
842:
768:Waste Management, Inc.
718:
677:Pullman antitrust case
550:
542:
534:
526:
518:
294:American Railway Union
223:Pullman developed the
184:
3003:. Glendale, CA (US):
2893:Murray, Alan (2000).
2865:Traction Yearbook '87
2576:on September 23, 2014
2330:. December 31, 1968.
2163:on September 27, 2011
1889:, p. 424. Milwaukee:
1883:Middleton, William D.
1822:"The Pullman Company"
1777:List of tram builders
1587:St. Louis Car Company
1549:Superliner dining car
1482:Gallery I-III series
1313:Long Island Rail Road
1195:Long Island Rail Road
1175:4400 "Washboard" EMUs
1117:steel interurban cars
970:
933:National Park Service
838:
760:M. W. Kellogg Company
712:
655:St. Louis Car Company
548:
540:
532:
524:
516:
495:City of San Francisco
472:Franklin D. Roosevelt
391:Upper and lower berth
271:Bloomington, Illinois
182:
3997:UP M-10003 – M-10006
3599:U.S. Bus Corporation
3579:St Louis Car Company
2712:"A Pullman Timeline"
2710:Frank H. Beberdick.
2496:Smith, Carl (2007).
2396:. December 8, 1987.
2186:Scherer, Frederic M.
2107:"A Pullman Timeline"
2039:Effingham Daily News
1976:Cupery, Ken (2016).
1435:New York City Subway
1414:New York City Subway
945:Richmond, California
910:Chicago neighborhood
659:Second Avenue Subway
653:subway car built by
628:Kansas City Southern
581:Butler, Pennsylvania
480:Dwight D. Eisenhower
452:Superintendent's Car
450:, also known as the
340:Pullman neighborhood
160:Rapid transit trains
3929:Goodyear / Zeppelin
3835:Pioneer Zephyr
3619:White Motor Company
3569:Orion International
3203:Researching Pullman
3124:The Pullman Project
3022:Tye, Larry (2004).
2918:Trolleybus Magazine
2216:. pp. 71, 77.
1891:Kalmbach Publishing
1772:Samuel B. Casey Jr.
939:Other Pullman sites
874:Solon Spencer Beman
305:Robert Todd Lincoln
267:Chicago & Alton
258:Westfield, New York
23:
4106:Tram manufacturers
2512:, pp. 107–108
2393:The New York Times
2359:The New York Times
2328:The New York Times
2302:The New York Times
2014:. October 20, 1897
2011:The New York Times
1961:John H. Lienhard:
1797:Pullman train (UK)
1454:MBTA Commuter Rail
1446:CTC/BTC-1 coachess
1325:rapid transit cars
1060:. You can help by
1025:in Alabama, using
1003:A. Philip Randolph
1001:union. Founded by
977:
868:The company built
843:
817:Clevite Industries
792:Rust International
752:Trinity Industries
719:
696:Michael D. Dingman
689:The end of Pullman
600:federal government
551:
543:
535:
527:
519:
233:A. Philip Randolph
185:
164:Signalling systems
21:
4068:
4067:
3819:Mark Twain Zephyr
3720:John Quincy Adams
3632:
3631:
3609:Wayne Corporation
3539:Marmon-Herrington
3474:Dupont Industries
3367:Phoenix Motorcars
2953:978-0-7106-2903-6
2873:978-0-9610414-6-5
2139:on June 29, 2006.
1615:ValparaĂso, Chile
1495:
1494:
1078:
1077:
870:Pullman, Illinois
840:Pullman, Illinois
804:Montana Rail Link
503:Corporate history
290:economic downturn
177:
176:
140:High-speed trains
100:The Pullman, Inc.
4118:
3827:Nebraska Zephyrs
3699:Talgo Jet Rocket
3667:passenger trains
3659:
3652:
3645:
3636:
3635:
3574:Pullman-Standard
3239:
3232:
3225:
3216:
3215:
3159:Newberry Library
3150:Newberry Library
3103:
3070:
3041:
3029:
3018:
3005:Interurban Press
2986:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2962:
2956:
2937:
2928:
2915:
2909:
2908:
2890:
2884:
2861:
2852:
2845:
2834:
2833:, pp. 35–36
2828:
2822:
2816:
2810:
2804:
2798:
2787:Interurban Press
2779:
2768:
2767:
2761:
2756:
2754:
2746:
2730:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2677:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2643:
2637:
2631:
2625:
2619:
2613:
2607:
2601:
2599:
2593:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2575:
2569:. Archived from
2568:
2559:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2531:
2525:
2519:
2513:
2507:
2501:
2494:
2488:
2482:
2476:
2470:
2464:
2458:
2452:
2446:
2440:
2434:
2428:
2425:
2419:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2266:
2260:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2205:
2196:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2162:
2155:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2135:. Archived from
2129:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2102:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2073:
2064:
2063:
2057:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2002:
1996:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1973:
1967:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1941:
1935:
1913:
1902:
1880:
1871:
1870:
1865:. Archived from
1859:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1836:
1830:
1829:
1818:
1757:
1738:
1726:
1714:
1702:
1690:
1678:
1666:
1654:
1642:
1626:
1558:
1546:
1534:
1518:
1506:
1450:
1344:"Airporter" cars
1270:New York Central
1233:New York Central
1211:
1100:, including the
1080:
1079:
1073:
1070:
1052:
1045:
864:
863:
859:
856:
800:Morrison Knudsen
788:The Henley Group
784:Rust Engineering
744:GE Rail Services
585:Hammond, Indiana
490:
463:
443:
427:
400:
388:
376:
364:
329:Great Depression
279:paper car wheels
218:Pullman, Chicago
65:
63:
58:
51:
49:
44:
24:
20:
4126:
4125:
4121:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4116:
4115:
4081:Pullman Company
4071:
4070:
4069:
4064:
4050:
4030:United Aircraft
4024:
4001:
3944:
3923:
3905:
3779:
3747:
3725:
3670:
3669:by manufacturer
3663:
3633:
3628:
3604:Ward Body Works
3422:
3249:
3245:North American
3243:
3205:
3180:
3110:
3100:
3059:
3038:
3015:
2995:
2990:
2989:
2979:
2977:
2964:
2963:
2959:
2938:
2931:
2916:
2912:
2905:
2891:
2887:
2862:
2855:
2846:
2837:
2829:
2825:
2817:
2813:
2805:
2801:
2780:
2771:
2759:
2757:
2748:
2747:
2731:
2727:
2717:
2715:
2708:
2704:
2694:
2692:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2664:
2662:
2645:
2644:
2640:
2632:
2628:
2620:
2616:
2608:
2604:
2587:
2586:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2566:
2564:"Archived copy"
2562:
2560:
2556:
2545:
2543:
2534:
2532:
2528:
2520:
2516:
2508:
2504:
2495:
2491:
2483:
2479:
2471:
2467:
2459:
2455:
2447:
2443:
2435:
2431:
2426:
2422:
2417:
2413:
2403:
2401:
2386:
2385:
2381:
2371:
2369:
2351:
2347:
2337:
2335:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2307:
2305:
2293:
2289:
2279:
2277:
2267:
2263:
2254:
2252:
2245:Trains magazine
2237:
2233:
2223:
2221:
2206:
2199:
2182:Peck, Merton J.
2180:
2176:
2166:
2164:
2160:
2153:
2151:"Pullman Guide"
2149:
2148:
2144:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2116:
2114:
2103:
2096:
2086:
2084:
2082:Manchester Life
2074:
2067:
2051:
2050:
2043:
2041:
2031:
2027:
2017:
2015:
2004:
2003:
1999:
1989:
1985:
1974:
1970:
1960:
1956:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1914:
1905:
1881:
1874:
1861:
1860:
1856:
1846:
1844:
1837:
1833:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1810:
1768:
1761:
1758:
1749:
1742:
1739:
1730:
1727:
1718:
1715:
1706:
1703:
1694:
1691:
1682:
1679:
1670:
1667:
1658:
1655:
1646:
1643:
1634:
1629:A 1944 Pullman
1627:
1603:trolley coaches
1595:
1571:
1570:
1569:
1566:
1559:
1550:
1547:
1538:
1535:
1526:
1519:
1510:
1507:
1448:
1447:
1421:
1419:
1407:
1402:
1209:
1208:
1074:
1068:
1065:
1058:needs expansion
1043:
1038:
965:
941:
861:
857:
854:
852:
833:
691:
679:
661:. After it was
511:
505:
498:
491:
482:
476:Harry S. Truman
464:
455:
444:
435:
428:
419:
401:
392:
389:
380:
377:
368:
365:
356:
309:Abraham Lincoln
250:
189:Pullman Company
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
128:
106:
69:
61:
59:
56:
47:
45:
42:
22:Pullman Company
17:
12:
11:
5:
4124:
4114:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4066:
4065:
4063:
4062:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4048:
4042:
4040:
4026:
4025:
4023:
4022:
4017:
4011:
4009:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3971:
3963:
3954:
3952:
3946:
3945:
3943:
3942:
3933:
3931:
3925:
3924:
3922:
3921:
3915:
3913:
3907:
3906:
3904:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3885:
3877:
3874:Roger Williams
3869:
3862:
3854:
3846:
3838:
3830:
3822:
3814:
3806:
3803:Denver Zephyrs
3798:
3789:
3787:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3761:
3759:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3745:
3739:
3737:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3723:
3715:
3710:
3702:
3694:
3691:Speed Merchant
3686:
3680:
3678:
3672:
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3561:
3556:
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3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3524:LAG Motorcoach
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
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3481:
3476:
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3199:
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3187:
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3176:
3175:
3174:
3161:
3152:
3143:
3138:
3132:
3127:
3121:
3116:
3109:
3108:External links
3106:
3105:
3104:
3099:978-0195008388
3098:
3085:
3071:
3057:
3042:
3036:
3019:
3013:
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2991:
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2987:
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2769:
2760:|journal=
2725:
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2672:
2638:
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2614:
2602:
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2514:
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2453:
2441:
2429:
2420:
2411:
2379:
2345:
2315:
2287:
2261:
2231:
2214:New York Times
2197:
2174:
2142:
2124:
2094:
2065:
2025:
1997:
1983:
1968:
1954:
1936:
1903:
1872:
1854:
1831:
1826:Pullman Museum
1812:
1811:
1809:
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1804:
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1437:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1416:
1411:
1396:
1395:
1392:
1387:
1386:commuter coach
1380:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1369:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:GCRTA Red Line
1345:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1310:
1304:
1303:
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1197:
1192:
1188:
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1181:
1176:
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1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:Milwaukee Road
1161:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1139:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1118:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1106:see note below
1104:
1094:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1076:
1075:
1055:
1053:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
973:Pullman porter
964:
961:
940:
937:
903:Pullman Strike
879:George Pullman
832:
829:
740:reporting mark
690:
687:
678:
675:
509:Pullman Strike
504:
501:
500:
499:
492:
485:
483:
468:Herbert Hoover
465:
458:
456:
445:
438:
436:
429:
422:
420:
402:
395:
393:
390:
383:
381:
378:
371:
369:
366:
359:
355:
352:
298:Eugene V. Debs
286:Pullman Strike
262:sleeper berths
249:
246:
209:Pullman Strike
193:George Pullman
175:
174:
137:
133:
132:
129:
126:
123:
122:
112:
108:
107:
105:
104:
101:
97:
95:
91:
90:
83:
79:
78:
75:
71:
70:
68:
67:
53:
38:
36:
32:
31:
30:Rail transport
28:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4123:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
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4079:
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4057:
4056:
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4039:
4035:
4031:
4027:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4008:
4004:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3977:
3976:Dan'l Webster
3972:
3970:
3969:
3964:
3962:
3961:
3960:Green Diamond
3956:
3955:
3953:
3951:
3947:
3941:
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3823:
3821:
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3807:
3805:
3804:
3799:
3797:
3796:
3795:Flying Yankee
3791:
3790:
3788:
3786:
3782:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3760:
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3333:
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3328:
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3323:
3319:
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3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
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3289:
3286:
3284:
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3277:
3274:
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3269:
3268:
3267:
3266:Daimler Truck
3264:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3240:
3235:
3233:
3228:
3226:
3221:
3220:
3217:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3197:
3194:
3191:
3188:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3144:
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3139:
3136:
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3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3101:
3095:
3091:
3086:
3084:
3083:0-9605296-3-2
3080:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3054:
3050:
3049:
3043:
3039:
3037:0-8050-7850-9
3033:
3028:
3027:
3020:
3016:
3014:0-916374-73-4
3010:
3006:
3002:
2997:
2996:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2961:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2942:
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2934:
2927:
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2919:
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2906:
2904:0-904235-18-1
2900:
2896:
2889:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2860:
2858:
2850:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2832:
2827:
2820:
2815:
2808:
2803:
2796:
2795:0-916374-41-6
2792:
2788:
2784:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2765:
2752:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2729:
2713:
2706:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2676:
2660:
2656:
2655:seattlepi.com
2652:
2650:
2642:
2636:, p. 214
2635:
2630:
2624:, p. 206
2623:
2618:
2612:, p. 139
2611:
2606:
2597:
2591:
2572:
2565:
2558:
2541:
2537:
2530:
2524:, p. 117
2523:
2518:
2511:
2506:
2499:
2493:
2486:
2481:
2474:
2469:
2462:
2457:
2450:
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2424:
2415:
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2333:
2329:
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2303:
2298:
2291:
2276:
2272:
2265:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2235:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2204:
2202:
2194:
2190:
2187:
2183:
2178:
2159:
2152:
2146:
2138:
2134:
2133:"Eliillinois"
2128:
2112:
2108:
2101:
2099:
2083:
2079:
2072:
2070:
2061:
2055:
2040:
2036:
2029:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1987:
1980:. cupery.net.
1979:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1958:
1950:
1946:
1940:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1900:
1899:0-89024-013-2
1896:
1892:
1888:
1885:|| || 1967.
1884:
1879:
1877:
1868:
1864:
1858:
1842:
1835:
1827:
1823:
1817:
1813:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
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1790:
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1785:
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1769:
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1737:
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1713:
1708:
1701:
1696:
1689:
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1660:
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1648:
1641:
1636:
1632:
1625:
1620:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1599:trolley buses
1593:Trolley buses
1590:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1579:PCC streetcar
1576:
1564:
1561:A late 1970s
1557:
1552:
1545:
1540:
1533:
1528:
1524:
1523:PCC streetcar
1517:
1512:
1505:
1500:
1499:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1481:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1445:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1405:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1372:MBTA Red Line
1370:
1368:
1366:
1361:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1339:retired 1993
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1295:MBTA Red Line
1293:
1291:
1289:
1284:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1249:Dan'l Webster
1245:
1241:
1239:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1224:
1221:
1219:1956, 1958–70
1218:
1216:
1213:
1206:
1205:
1202:retired 1999
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:sleeping cars
1159:
1158:Skytop Lounge
1156:
1155:
1152:retired 1985
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1136:rapid transit
1134:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1072:
1069:November 2009
1063:
1059:
1056:This section
1054:
1051:
1047:
1046:
1041:Rail vehicles
1033:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1010:
1008:
1004:
998:
996:
991:
989:
984:
982:
974:
969:
960:
958:
954:
950:
946:
936:
934:
931:In 2014, the
929:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
906:
904:
898:
894:
890:
886:
884:
880:
875:
871:
866:
849:
841:
837:
828:
826:
822:
818:
813:
807:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
772:
769:
765:
761:
755:
753:
747:
745:
741:
737:
732:
729:
725:
716:
711:
707:
705:
699:
697:
686:
684:
674:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
645:. Designated
644:
639:
637:
633:
629:
624:
622:
617:
613:
609:
604:
601:
597:
593:
588:
586:
582:
578:
574:
569:
565:
562:
559:In 1924, the
557:
554:
547:
539:
531:
523:
515:
510:
496:
489:
484:
481:
477:
473:
469:
462:
457:
453:
449:
442:
437:
433:
426:
421:
417:
413:
410:, now at the
409:
408:
399:
394:
387:
382:
375:
370:
363:
358:
357:
351:
349:
345:
341:
336:
334:
330:
326:
324:
320:
312:
310:
306:
301:
299:
295:
291:
287:
282:
280:
274:
272:
268:
263:
259:
255:
245:
242:
241:trolley buses
238:
234:
230:
226:
221:
219:
215:
210:
205:
203:
202:sleeping cars
198:
197:railroad cars
194:
191:, founded by
190:
181:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
156:Railroad cars
153:
152:People movers
149:
145:
141:
138:
134:
130:
124:
120:
116:
113:
109:
102:
99:
98:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
54:
40:
39:
37:
33:
29:
25:
19:
4033:
4015:Electroliner
3975:
3967:
3959:
3949:
3938:
3889:
3881:
3873:
3865:
3858:
3850:
3843:Twin Zephyrs
3842:
3834:
3826:
3818:
3810:
3802:
3794:
3793:B&M-MEC
3719:
3706:
3698:
3690:
3514:Goshen Coach
3293:Forest River
3247:bus builders
3089:
3074:
3047:
3025:
3000:
2980:November 28,
2978:. Retrieved
2969:
2960:
2940:
2917:
2913:
2894:
2888:
2864:
2848:
2826:
2821:, p. 81
2814:
2809:, p. 59
2802:
2782:
2751:cite journal
2728:
2716:. Retrieved
2705:
2693:. Retrieved
2684:
2675:
2663:. Retrieved
2654:
2648:
2641:
2629:
2617:
2605:
2578:. Retrieved
2571:the original
2557:
2544:. Retrieved
2529:
2517:
2505:
2497:
2492:
2487:, p. 71
2480:
2475:, p. 65
2468:
2463:, p. 57
2456:
2451:, p. 53
2444:
2439:, p. 52
2432:
2423:
2414:
2404:November 30,
2402:. Retrieved
2391:
2382:
2370:. Retrieved
2358:
2348:
2338:February 24,
2336:. Retrieved
2327:
2318:
2306:. Retrieved
2300:
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2145:
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2127:
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2085:. Retrieved
2081:
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2038:
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2009:
2000:
1992:
1990:J. Wallace:
1986:
1971:
1963:
1957:
1948:
1939:
1919:
1886:
1867:the original
1857:
1845:. Retrieved
1834:
1825:
1816:
1792:Pullman F.C.
1602:
1596:
1572:
1537:Gallery cars
1364:
1363:01500/01600
1287:
1246:
1235:
1066:
1062:adding to it
1057:
1017:. Likewise,
1011:
999:
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891:
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848:company town
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831:Company town
808:
790:, and later
773:
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748:
736:ITEL Leasing
733:
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692:
682:
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640:
625:
621:World War II
608:Lake Calumet
605:
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225:sleeping car
222:
214:company town
206:
188:
186:
172:Trolleybuses
111:Headquarters
85:Absorbed by
18:
4020:Streamliner
3974:NYNH&H
3937:NYNH&H
3872:NYNH&H
3718:NYNH&H
3554:Neoplan USA
3534:Mack Trucks
3406:Volvo Buses
2970:La Estrella
2685:www.nps.gov
1924:Interurbans
1916:Sebree, Mac
1631:trolley bus
1274:Metro-North
1133:articulated
780:Halliburton
632:Superliners
148:Locomotives
127:Area served
4075:Categories
4058:See also:
4046:TurboTrain
3992:UP M-10002
3987:UP M-10001
3982:UP M-10000
3866:Metroliner
3859:Prospector
3857:D&RGW
3849:CRI&P
3753:Bombardier
3743:Turboliner
3713:Motorailer
3697:CRI&P
3594:Twin Coach
3444:AM General
3396:Trans Tech
3335:GreenPower
3196:Go Pullman
3058:0760318573
2993:References
2718:October 6,
2634:Buder 1967
2622:Buder 1967
2610:Buder 1967
2522:Buder 1967
2510:Buder 1967
2485:Buder 1967
2473:Buder 1967
2461:Buder 1967
2449:Buder 1967
2437:Buder 1967
1573:Pullman's
1466:Superliner
1406:Subway car
1390:NJ Transit
1365:Silverbird
1098:Streetcars
1092:Withdrawn
1089:Introduced
1027:Rosa Parks
1019:E.D. Nixon
717:time table
671:Bombardier
507:See also:
418:, Maryland
407:Royal Blue
348:Bombardier
344:Superliner
237:streetcars
3919:Aerotrain
3841:CB&Q
3833:CB&Q
3825:CB&Q
3817:CB&Q
3809:CB&Q
3801:CB&Q
3705:GM&N
3684:ACF-Talgo
3479:Eagle Bus
3439:Aerocoach
3434:ACF-Brill
3379:REV Group
3360:New Flyer
3350:NFI Group
3318:Starcraft
3261:Blue Bird
2926:0266-7452
2881:81-649475
2580:April 23,
2546:April 23,
2367:0362-4331
1583:prototype
1575:streetcar
1525:in Boston
1348:Cleveland
1332:2001–2180
1244:New Haven
1145:5001–5004
988:black men
883:Hyde Park
821:elastomer
724:Comet car
673:in 1987.
416:Baltimore
327:amid the
307:, son of
296:, led by
269:shops in
94:Successor
4007:St Louis
3911:GM / EMD
3890:Crusader
3888:Reading
3882:Keystone
3851:Rockets'
3770:JetTrain
3689:B&M
3519:Kenworth
3494:FitzJohn
3411:Nova Bus
3401:Vicinity
3391:Stallion
3372:Proterra
3330:Girardin
3308:ElDorado
3298:Champion
3067:56634363
2974:Archived
2689:Archived
2659:Archived
2590:cite web
2540:Archived
2398:Archived
2372:July 29,
2332:Archived
2308:July 26,
2280:July 26,
2249:archived
2218:Archived
2167:July 19,
2111:Archived
2087:July 26,
2054:cite web
2044:July 26,
2018:July 26,
1932:73-84356
1847:April 9,
1766:See also
1288:Bluebird
1086:Operator
1036:Products
953:Bessemer
949:Santa Fe
912:, and a
810:1985 by
663:deferred
616:Corvette
405:B&O
216:, named
136:Products
119:Illinois
27:Industry
4034:Pullman
3968:Xplorer
3950:Pullman
3499:Flxible
3427:Defunct
3416:Prevost
3303:Collins
3170:of the
3166:in the
2191:(1962)
2117:May 14,
1949:Pullman
1521:A 1946
1475:1978–81
1439:1975–78
1384:Comet I
1376:1969–70
1278:1962–65
1238:Xplorer
1228:Train-X
1168:1948–49
1125:1926–29
981:porters
963:Porters
957:Alabama
928:lists.
916:on the
860:⁄
825:Tenneco
612:Chicago
323:Stembel
254:Buffalo
248:History
115:Chicago
74:Defunct
60: (
46: (
35:Founded
3484:Fageol
3449:AmTran
3340:IC Bus
3325:Gillig
3313:Glaval
3276:Thomas
3254:Active
3096:
3081:
3065:
3055:
3034:
3011:
2951:
2924:
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2879:
2871:
2793:
2695:May 1,
2665:May 1,
2365:
2195:p. 619
2184:&
1930:
1897:
1471:Amtrak
1242:&
812:Signal
764:Signal
704:Denver
636:Amtrak
121:, U.S.
89:(1987)
3939:Comet
3765:Acela
3707:Rebel
3271:Setra
2574:(PDF)
2567:(PDF)
2161:(PDF)
2154:(PDF)
1808:Notes
1747:Buses
1601:– or
1394:1970
1302:1994
1258:1970
1112:1951
1083:Model
918:state
319:Siems
168:Trams
3966:NYC
3880:PRR
3785:Budd
3735:Rohr
3544:MASA
3454:Beck
3345:Lion
3283:DINA
3094:ISBN
3079:ISBN
3063:OCLC
3053:ISBN
3032:ISBN
3009:ISBN
2982:2009
2949:ISBN
2922:ISSN
2899:ISBN
2877:LCCN
2869:ISBN
2791:ISBN
2764:help
2720:2023
2697:2018
2667:2018
2596:link
2582:2015
2548:2015
2406:2010
2374:2018
2363:ISSN
2340:2015
2310:2024
2282:2024
2275:TIME
2257:2010
2226:2015
2169:2013
2119:2021
2089:2024
2060:link
2046:2024
2020:2024
1928:LCCN
1895:ISBN
1849:2018
1458:1978
1422:1938
1420:1937
1418:1936
1367:cars
1355:1967
1336:1964
1317:1963
1308:MP75
1299:1963
1290:cars
1266:Cars
1264:ACMU
1255:1957
1199:1955
1183:1954
1149:1947
1138:cars
1109:1891
924:and
634:for
478:and
446:The
430:The
239:and
187:The
82:Fate
62:1930
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48:1862
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3958:IC
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3775:LRC
3757:MLW
3731:ANF
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3148:at
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