Karachi - Knowledge

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provide relief during hot summer months. A text message-based early warning system alerts people to take precautionary measures and helps prevent fatalities during an unusually strong heatwave or thunderstorm. The winter climate is dry and lasts between December and February. It is dry and pleasant in winter relative to the warm hot season that follows, which starts in March and lasts until October. Proximity to the sea maintains humidity levels at near-constant levels year-round. Thus, the climate is similar to a humid tropical climate, except for the low precipitation and occasional temperatures well over 100 F (38 C) due to the influence of the Thar Desert nearby, close to the border with India.

7881: 7722: 167: 4702:. The city's wealthy Hindus opposed the resettlement of refugees near their homes, and so many refugees were accommodated in the older and more congested parts of Karachi. The city witnessed a large influx of Muhajirs following Partition, who were drawn to the port city and newly designated federal capital for its white-collar job opportunities. Muhajirs continued to migrate to Pakistan throughout the 1950s and early 1960s, with Karachi remaining the primary destination of Indian Muslim migrants throughout those decades. The Muhajir Urdu-speaking community in the 2017 census forms slightly less than 45% of the city's population. Muhajirs form the bulk of Karachi's middle class. 7861: 1088: 310: 4966: 4671: 137: 8861: 8848: 8416: 7533: 6533: 879: 6525: 26791: 7182:. Karachi's water supply is transported to the city through a complex network of canals, conduits, and siphons, with the aid of pumping and filtration stations. 80% of Karachi households have access to piped water as of 2022, with private water tankers supplying much of the water required in informal settlements. 15% of residents in a 2022 survey rated their water supply as "bad" or "very bad", while 40% expressed concern at the stability of water supply. By 2022, an estimated 35,000 people were dying due to water-borne diseases annually. 12270: 4954: 1258: 91: 211: 277: 244: 3463: 151: 1407: 7710: 3006: 8210:

pollution is due to solid trash not disposed to dedicated dumping sites. Trash is seen here and there and sometimes everywhere. Lastly there is water pollution in Lyari and Malir rivers as gutters directly open into these rivers. These rivers than directly go into Arabian sea untreated. So sewerage and industrial wastewater is directly being thrown into Indian Ocean hence polluting it and destroying marine life under the sea. 3 waste water treatment plants exist but are all dysfunctional.

7230:, a community service organization founded in 1980. 90% of Orangi streets are now connected to a sewer system built by local residents under the Orangi Pilot Project. Residents of individual streets bear the cost of sewerage pipes, and provide volunteer labour to lay the pipe. Residents also maintain the sewer pipes, while the city municipal administration has built several primary and secondary pipes for the network. As a result of OPP, 96% of Orangi residents have access to a latrine. 6479: 6144: 107: 2039: 2974: 5821: 5750: 25418: 5541: 6251: 3017: 26803: 25428: 8202: 383: 5181: 23084: 7521: 2826: 8141: 1399: 5325: 403: 7326: 8835: 8822: 5469: 6152: 26747: 7069: 5397: 317: 284: 251: 218: 5024:'s. According to Nichola Khan Karachi is also the world's largest Muslim city. Prior to Pakistan's independence in 1947, the religious demographics of the city was estimated to be 51.1% Hindu, 42.3% Muslim, with the remaining 7% primarily Christians (both British and native), Sikhs, Jains, with a small number of Jews. Following the independence of Pakistan, the vast majority of Karachi's 7141:(MDA), is responsible for the development of most undeveloped land around Karachi. KDA came into existence in 1957 with the task of managing land around Karachi, while the LDA and MDA were formed in 1993 and 1994, respectively. KDA under the control of Karachi's local government and mayor in 2001, while the LDA and MDA were abolished. KDA was later placed under the direct control of the 8409: 8047:. Several of Karachi's criminal mafias became powerful during a period in the 1990s described as "the rule of the mafias." Major mafias active in the city included land mafia, water tanker mafia, transport mafia and a sand and gravel mafia. Karachi's highest death rates occurred in the mid-1990s. In 1995, 1,742 killings were recorded, with a maximum of 15 killings in a single day. 7238:. Only 17% of Karachi residents reporting daily street cleaning, compared to 45% in Lahore. 69% of Karachi residents rely on private garbage collection services, with only 15% relying on municipal garbage collection services. 53% of Karachi residents in a 2022 survey reported that the state of their neighbourhood's cleanliness was either "bad" or "very bad". compared to 35% in 5678: 3440:'s 2006–2007 year book, tax and customs units in Karachi were responsible for 46.75% of direct taxes, 33.65% of federal excise tax, and 23.38% of domestic sales tax. Karachi accounts for 75.14% of customs duty and 79% of sales tax on imports, and collects 53.38% of the total collections of the Federal Board of Revenue, of which 53.33% are customs duty and sales tax on imports. 7316: 3993:

grown at a rate of 3.49% between the 1981 and 1998 census, leading many analysts to estimate Karachi's 2017 population to be approximately 18 million by extrapolating a continued annual growth rate of 3.49%. Some had expected that the city's population to be between 22 and 30 million, which would require an annual growth rate accelerating to between 4.6% and 6.33%.

26779: 4637:(later the Republic of India), while a larger percentage of Muslim migrant and refugees from India settled in Karachi. The city grew 150% during the ten year period between 1941 and 1951 with the new arrivals from India, who made up 57% of Karachi's population in 1951. The city is now considered a melting pot of Pakistan and is the country's most diverse city. 5253: 1909:. By this point Karachi had become widely known for its high rates of violent crime, usually in relation to criminal activity, gang-warfare, sectarian violence, and extrajudicial killings. Recorded crimes sharply decreased following a controversial crackdown operation against criminals, the MQM party, and Islamist militants initiated in 2013 by the 6874: 8209:

Air quality index is one of the worst in the world. Due to desert terrain, there is plenty of dust throughout the year except for rainy season. Vehicles and industries also contribute to air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions and global warming. There is a lot of noise pollution due to traffic. Land

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Urban planning and service delivery have not kept pace with Karachi's growth, resulting in the city's low ranking on livability rankings. The city has no cohesive transportation policy and inadequate transport, though up to 1,000 new vehicles are added daily to the city's congested streets. Roads and

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Lower than expected population figures from the census suggest that Karachi's poor infrastructure, law and order situation, and weakened economy relative to other parts of Pakistan made the city less attractive to in-migration than previously thought. The figure is disputed by all the major political

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British Karachi was divided between the "New Town" and the "Old Town", with British investments focused primarily on the New Town. The Old Town was a largely unplanned neighbourhood which housed most of the city's indigenous residents and had no access to sewerage systems, electricity, and water. The

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season. Summers are hot and humid, and Karachi is prone to deadly heatwaves. Over the past 20 years, rainfall has become more abundant. Tropical storms and thunderstorms, as well as flooding are becoming more common, especially during the summer monsoon. On the other hand, cool sea breezes typically

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Karachi's increasing importance as a cosmopolitan transportation hub leads to the influence of non-Sindhis in Sindh's administration. Half the city was born outside of Karachi by as early as 1921. Native Sindhis were upset by this influence, and so on 1 April 1936, Sindh was established as a province

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In June 1947, it was initially proposed to settle the muhajirs on a large plot of land in Bunder Road Extension, a well-heeled suburb of Karachi. This was, however, a residential area dominated by affluent Sindhi Hindus, who became nervous about such a large number of discontented lower-class Muslim

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Like Dacca, Karachi was a Hindu-majority city sureounded by a predominantly Muslim-populated hinterland. In 1941 Muslims formed 42 per cent of the population while caste and scheduled-caste Hindus together comprised 50.9 per cent. ... Between 1947 and 1953 Karachi's population increased from 400,000

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are examples of Mughal revival buildings. The Sindh Wildlife Conservation Building, located in Saddar, served as a Freemasonic Lodge until it was taken over by the government. There are talks of it being taken away from this custody and being renovated and the Lodge being preserved with its original

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98% of Karachi's households are connected to the city's underground public sewerage system, largely operated by the Karachi Water and Sewerage Board (KW&SB). The KW&SB operates 150 pumping stations, 25 bulk reservoirs, over 10,000 kilometres of pipes, and 250,000 manholes. The city generates

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city grew 75.3% – though Karachi's census district had not been altered by the provincial government since 1998, while Lahore's had been expanded by Punjab's government, leading to some of Karachi's growth to have occurred outside the city's census boundaries. Karachi's population had

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As home to Pakistan's largest ports and a large portion of its manufacturing base, Karachi contributes a large share of Pakistan's collected tax revenue. As most of Pakistan's large multinational corporations are based in Karachi, income taxes are paid in the city even though income may be generated

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Being the largest city, Karachi is also Pakistan's financial and commercial capital. Since Pakistan's independence, Karachi has been the centre of the nation's economy, and remain's Pakistan's largest urban economy despite the economic stagnation caused by sociopolitical unrest during the late 1980s

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areas were all developed after 1970. The city has been described as one divided into sections for those able to afford to live in planned localities with access to urban amenities, and those who live in unplanned communities with inadequate access to such services. 35% of Karachi's residents live in

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Karachi municipal authorities in 2017 launched a new early warning system that alerted city residents to a forecasted heatwave. Previous heatwaves had routinely claimed lives in the city, but implementation of the warning system was credited for no reported heat-related fatalities. During 2020-2021

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Each district is further divided into between 22 and 42 Union Committees. Each Union Committee is represented by seven elected representatives, four of whom can be general candidates of any background; the other three seats are reserved for women, religious minorities, and a union representative or

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as Karachi's most widely spoken language; Sindhi was the mother tongue of 51% of Karachi in 1941, but only 8.5% in 1951, while Urdu grew to become the mother tongue of 51% of Karachi's population. 100,000 Muhajir refugees arrived annually in Karachi until 1952. Muhajirs kept arriving from different

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Karachi was Sindh's largest city with a population of over 400,000. The city had a slight Hindu majority, with around 51% of the population being Hindu. Partition resulted in the exodus of much of the city's Hindu population, though Karachi, like most of Sindh, remained relatively peaceful compared

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The national team has been less successful in such limited-overs matches at the ground, including a five-year stint between 1996 and 2001, when they failed to win any matches. The city has been host to a number of domestic cricket teams including Karachi, Karachi Blues, Karachi Greens, and Karachi

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Size of Drainage system and storm water drains (locally known as Naalahs) in the city is not enough to handle the heavy rainfalls of monsoon. The drainage system and storm water drains are also filled with solid trash. When water finds no path, it enters streets, roads, underpasses and even houses

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which is not typically reflected in GDP estimates. The informal economy may constitute up to 36% of Pakistan's total economy, versus 22% of India's economy, and 13% of the Chinese economy. The informal sector employs up to 70% of the city's workforce. In 2018 The Global Metro Monitor Report ranked

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Sometimes stated to be amongst the world's most dangerous cities, the extent of violent crime in Karachi is not as significant in magnitude as compared to other cities. According to the Numbeo Crime Index 2014, Karachi was the 6th most dangerous city in the world. By the middle of 2016, Karachi's

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Industry contributes a large portion of Karachi's economy, with the city home to several of Pakistan's largest companies dealing in textiles, cement, steel, heavy machinery, chemicals, and food products. The city is home to approximately 30 percent of Pakistan's manufacturing sector, and produces

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Informal manufacturing is more prevalent than formal manufacturing in terms of the number of people employed, land area covered by informal enterprises, and a number of enterprises. Output data are unavailable, but proxy data suggest that informal manufacturing is far smaller in terms of capital

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area of Karachi has been relocated to Clifton for adaptive reuse in an art school. The procedure involved the careful removal of each piece of timber and stone, stacked temporarily, loaded on the trucks for transportation to the Clifton site, unloaded and re-arranged according to a given layout,

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in 2015, Karachi's homicide rate decreased by 75% compared to 2013. In 2017, the number of homicides had dropped further to 381. Extortion crimes decreased by 80% between 2013 and 2015, while kidnappings decreased by 90% during the same period. By 2016, the city registered a total of 21 cases of

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The Sindh Solid Waste Management Board (SSWMB) is responsible for the collection and disposal of solid waste, not only in Karachi but throughout the whole province. Karachi has the highest percentage of residents in Pakistan who report that their streets are never cleaned – 42% of

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The oldest portions of modern Karachi reflect the ethnic composition of the first settlement, with Balochis and Sindhis continuing to make up a large portion of the Lyari neighbourhood, though many of the residents are relatively recent migrants. Following Partition, large numbers of Hindus left

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in large scale manufacturing. At least 4500 industrial units form Karachi's formal industrial economy. Karachi's informal manufacturing sector employs far more people than the formal sector, though proxy data suggest that the capital employed and value-added from such informal enterprises is far

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Police is under the control of provincial government and city government has no authority over it. Ambulance is run by private hospitals or NGOs, the most famous of which are Edhi, Chhipa and JDC. Firefighting is under control of local government and has enough firefighters and vehicles to work

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from other parts of the country. As home to the country's two largest ports, Pakistani customs officials collect the bulk of federal duty and tariffs at Karachi's ports, even if those imports are destined for one of Pakistan's other provinces. Approximately 25% of Pakistan's national revenue is

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kidnap for ransom. Terrorist incidents dropped by 98% between 2012 and 2017, according to Pakistan's Interior Ministry. As a result of the Karachi's improved security environment, real-estate prices in Karachi rose sharply after 2015, with a rise in business for upmarket restaurants and cafés.

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or other crime – an almost 50% decrease from the 2,023 killed in 2014, and an almost 70% decrease from the 3,251 recorded killed in 2013 – the highest ever recorded number in Karachi history. Violent crime like target killings, kidnappings for ransom or extortion,

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Migrants from Punjab began settling in Karachi in large numbers in the 1960s, and now make up an estimated 14% of Karachi's population. The community forms the bulk of the city's police force. The bulk of Karachi's Christian community, which makes up 2.5% of the city's population, is Punjabi.

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Today along with Pakistan's continued economic expansion Karachi is now ranked third in the world for consumer expenditure growth with its market anticipated to increase by 6.6% in real terms in 2018 It is also ranked among the top cities in the world by an anticipated increase of a number of

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was also developed as a posh locale under the British, and its large bungalows and estates remain some of the city's most desirable properties. The aforementioned historic areas form the oldest portions of Karachi, and contain its most important monuments and government buildings, with the

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landscape due to its historical and cultural ties to the sport. Dating back several decades, Lyari has been a consistent source of football talent, contributing significantly to the national sports scene. One notable aspect is the nickname "Little Brazil" often associated with Lyari.

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Each Union Council had thirteen members elected from specified electorates: four men and two women elected directly by the general population; two men and two women elected by peasants and workers; one member for minority communities; two members are elected jointly as the Union Mayor

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led the municipal government to improve sanitary conditions in the Old City, as well as major infrastructure works in the New Town after his election in 1911. in 1914, Karachi had become the largest wheat-exporting port of the entire British Empire, after large irrigation works in

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The Invasion of India by Alexander the Great as Described by Arrian, Q. Curtius, Diodoros, Plutarch and Justin: Being Translations of Such Portions of the Works of These and Other Classical Authors as Describe Alexander's Campaigns in Afghanistan, the Punjâb, Sindh, Gedrosia and

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The city's large population results in high numbers of homicides with a moderate homicide rate. Karachi's homicide rates are lower than many Latin American cities, and in 2015 was 12.5 per 100,000 – lower than the homicide rate of several American cities such as

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from 1972 onwards. To appease conservative forces, Bhutto banned alcohol in Pakistan, and cracked-down of Karachi's discotheques and cabarets - leading to the closure of Karachi's once-lively nightlife. The city's art scene was further repressed during the rule of dictator

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under Nathan Crow to establish a trading post in Karachi. He was allowed to build a house for himself in Karachi at that time, but by 1802 was ordered to leave the city. The city continued to be ruled by the Talpurs until it was occupied by forces under the command of

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approximately 472 million gallons daily (MGD) of sewage, of which 417 MGD are discharged without treatment. KW&SB has the optimum capacity to treat up to 150 MGD of sewage, but uses only about 50 MGD of this capacity. Three treatment plants are available, in

929:) as of 2021. Karachi is a metropolitan city and is considered Pakistan's most cosmopolitan city, and among the country's most linguistically, ethnically-, and religiously-diverse regions, as well as one of the country's most progressive and socially liberal cities. 7955:, offers diploma courses in performing arts including classical music and contemporary theatre. Karachi is home to groups such as Thespianz Theater, a professional youth-based, non-profit performing arts group, which works on theatre and arts activities in Pakistan. 1809:. Zia's Islamization policies lead the Westernized upper-middle classes of Karachi to largely withdraw from the public sphere, and instead form their own social venues that became inaccessible to the poor. This decade also saw an influx of more than one million 6970:(KMC), which is responsible for the development and maintenance of main arteries, bridges, drains, several hospitals, beaches, solid waste management, as well as some parks, and the city's firefighting services. Between 2016 till 2020 the mayor of Karachi was 10146: 8008:

rank had dropped to 31 following the launch of anti-crime operations. By 2018, Karachi's ranking has dropped to 50. In 2021, Karachi's ranking fell to 115. In 2022, the ranking fell further to 128th place, ranking Karachi safer than regional cities such as

948:. At the time of Pakistan's independence in 1947, the city was the largest in Sindh with an estimated population of 400,000 people. Afterwards, the city experienced a dramatic shift in population and demography with the arrival of hundreds of thousands of 7217:, and Mauripur. 75% reported in 2022 that Karachi's drainage system overflows or backs up, the highest percentage of all major Pakistani cities. Parts of the city's drainage system overflow on average 2–7 times per month, flooding some city streets. 4842:

in Sri Lanka. Expatriates from China began migrating to Karachi in the 1940s, to work as dentists, chefs and shoemakers, while many of their descendants continue to live in Pakistan. Chinese also reached Karachi after 2015 in large number due to the

12174: 1320:, a resident of the old settlement whose son is said to have slain a man-eating crocodile. Kolachi was about 40 hectares in size, with some smaller fishing villages scattered in its vicinity. The founders of the new fortified settlement were Sindhi 12213: 6623:

service was started in 1884 in Karachi but was closed in 1975. However, the revival of tramway service is proposed by Karachi Administrator Iftikhar Ali. Turkey has offered assistance in the revival and launching modern tramway service in Karachi.

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claimed he had official documents revealing the city's population to be 25.6 million in 2013, while the Sindh Bureau of Statistics, part of by the PPP-led provincial administration, estimated Karachi's 2016 population to be 19.1 million.

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for India following Pakistan's independence, Karachi still has a large Hindu community with an estimated population of 250,000 based on 2013 data, with several active temples in central Karachi. The Hindu community is split into a more affluent

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Each District Municipal Corporation regulate land-use in developed areas, while the Sindh Building Control Authority ensures that building construction is in accordance with building & town planning regulations. Cantonment areas, and the

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Karachi is served by 6 Signal-Free Corridors which are designed as urban express roads to permit traffic to transverse large distances without the need to stop at intersections and stoplights. The 16 km (10 mi) Karsaz Road connects

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When it comes to sports Karachi has a distinction, because some sources cite that it was in 1877 at Karachi in (British) India, where the first attempt was made to form a set of rules of badminton and likely place is said to be Frere Hall.

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Despite being the capital of Sindh province, only 6–8% of the city is Sindhi. Sindhis form much of the municipal and provincial bureaucracy. 4% of Karachi's population speaks Balochi as its mother tongue, though most Baloch speakers are of

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note: Revenue collected from Karachi includes revenue from some other areas since the Large Tax Unit (LTU) Karachi and Regional Tax Offices (RTOs) Karachi, Hyderabad, Sukkur & Quetta cover the entire province of Sindh and Balochistan

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being home to most of Pakistan's banks, including the Habib Bank Plaza which was Pakistan's tallest building from 1963 until the early 2000s. Situated on a coastal plain northwest of Karachi's historic core lies the sprawling district of

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Karachi had become widely known for its high rates of violent crime, but rates sharply decreased following a controversial crackdown operation against criminals, the MQM political party, and Islamist militants initiated in 2013 by the

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Karachi was selected as the first capital of Pakistan, and was administered as a federal district separate from Sindh beginning in 1948, the capital of Sindh shifted again Hyderabad to Karachi until the national capital was shifted to

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in 1854. Karachi rapidly became a transportation hub for British India owing to newly built port and rail infrastructure, as well as the increase in agricultural exports from the opening of productive tracts of newly irrigated land in

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established to transport cotton from rest of Sindh to Karachi's port, and onwards to textile mills in England. With increased economic opportunities, economic migrants from several ethnicities and religions, including Anglo-British,

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The city, however, has roughly between 12,000 and 15,000 'Goans', a number that has remained fairly constant for the past 190 years, since the first wave of migrating Goans in dhows washed up on its shores in 1820 and made it their

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The Scinde Railway and Indus Flotilla Companies: Their Futility and Hollowness Demonstrated, Also an Exposure of the Delusion which Exists Respecting the Five Per Cent Guarantee, which Insures No Dividend Whatever to the Respective

11656: 9877: 7618:(BU) founded in 2000, is one of the major general institutions of Pakistan with their campuses in Karachi, Islamabad and Lahore offers degree programs in Management Sciences, Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Psychology. 7199:

Desalination plants are also planned to be built on Arabian Sea coast on western side of Karachi in near future. These would resolve water scarcity issues in western parts of the city including SITE Area, Shershah and Orangi Town.

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to Karachi hence eradicating water scarcity in eastern and northern parts of the city. It is expected to supply 650 million gallons daily of potable water to the city, the first phase 260 million gallons upon completion.

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As of 2021, Karachi had an estimated GDP (PPP) of $ 190 billion with a yearly growth rate of 5.5%. Karachi contributes 90% of Sindh's GDP and accounts for approximately 25% of the total GDP of Pakistan. The city has a large

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Bambino Cinema, Capri Cinema, Cinepax Cinema, Cinegold Plex Cinema (Bahria Town), Mega Multiplex Cinema (Millennium Mall), Nueplex Cinema (Askari-4), Atrium Mall Cinema (Sadar) are some of the most popular cinemas in Karachi.

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have lived in the region in the 12th century, though the modern community dates from the mid 19th century when they served as military contractors and commissariat agents to the British. Further waves of Parsi immigrants from

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is the busiest airport of Pakistan with a total of 7.2 million passengers in 2018. The current terminal structure was built in 1992, and is divided into international and domestic sections. Karachi's airport serves as a

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of 1857, the 21st Native Infantry, then stationed in Karachi, mutinied and declared allegiance to rebel forces in September 1857, though the British were able to quickly defeat the rebels and reassert control over the city.

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The city's highest annual rainfall was about 750-850 mm, recorded in the late 1970s. The city's highest monthly rainfall, 19 in (480 mm), occurred in July 1967. The city's highest rainfall in 24 hours occurred on

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The committees for each district devise and enforce land-use and zoning regulations within their district. Each committee also manages water supply, sewage, and roads (except for 28 main arteries, which are managed by the

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refugees living in such close proximity to them. Given their influence, the Hindus were able to sway the government into transferring the proposed resettlement site to Lyari, a more congested and lower middle-class area.

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numerated Karachi's population to be 14,910,352, having grown 2.49% per year since the 1998 census, which had listed Karachi's population at approximately 9.3 million. The city's inhabitants are referred to by the

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Recorded murders in Karachi fell to 650 last year, a 75 percent drop from 2013, while registered extortion was down 80 percent and kidnapping by nearly 90 percent, according to the CPLC, which collates official police

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estuary. These ports handle 95% of Pakistan's trade cargo to and from foreign ports. These seaports have modern facilities which include bulk handling, containers and oil terminals. The ports are part of the Maritime

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2017: Data for the entirety of the town of Karachi, which included the urban populations of Karachi Central District, Karachi East District, Karachi South District, Karachi West District, Malir District, and Korangi

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Unable to provide housing to large numbers of refugees shortly after independence, Karachi's authorities first issued "slips" to refugees beginning in 1950 – which allowed refugees to settle on any vacant land. Such

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Known as the "City of Lights" in the 1960s and 1970s for its vibrant nightlife, Karachi was beset by sharp ethnic, sectarian, and political conflict in the 1980s with the large-scale arrival of weaponry during the

996:. Approximately 90% of the multinational corporations and 100% of the banks operating in Pakistan are headquartered in Karachi. It also serves as a transport hub, and contains Pakistan's two largest seaports, the 19845: 18577: 12255: 11197: 8040:, Mexico are in excess of 100 per 100,000 residents, many times greater than Karachi's homicide rate. In 2016, the number of murders in Karachi had dropped to 471, which had dropped further to 381 in 2017. 983:

Karachi is now Pakistan's premier industrial and financial centre. The city has a formal economy estimated to be worth $ 190 billion as of 2021, which is the largest in the country. Karachi collects 35% of

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The Voyage of Nearchus from the Indus to the Euphrates, Collected from the Original Journal Preserved by Arrian ...: Containing an Account of the First Navigation Attempted by Europeans in the Indian Ocean

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As per the direction of the apex court, he said, the civil works of the project will be completed by end of July 2019. But the project will not enter into commercial operations by August or November 2019.

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Insufficient affordable housing infrastructure to absorb growth has resulted in the city's diverse migrant populations being largely confined to ethnically homogeneous neighbourhoods. The 1970s saw major

1543:. By 1856, the value of goods traded through Karachi reached £855,103, leading to the establishment of merchant offices and warehouses. The population in 1856 is estimated to have been 57,000. During the 6963:). Street lighting, traffic planning, markets regulations, and signage are also under the control of the DMCs. Each DMC also maintains its own municipal record archive, and devises its own local budget. 17769: 13130: 1204:, from where he launched his forces further into the Indus Valley in 712. Some have identified the port with Karachi, though some argue the location was somewhere between Karachi and the nearby city of 12834: 12405: 12338: 7149:

government at the time, allegedly to patronize their electoral allies and voting banks. City-planning in Karachi, therefore, is not locally directed but is instead controlled at the provincial level.

18544: 1324:, and are said to have arrived from the nearby town of Kharak Bandar after the harbour there silted in 1728 after heavy rains. Kolachi was fortified, and defended with cannons imported from Muscat, 14192: 8219:

during rainfall in July and August of every year. Major Naalahs like Orangi Naalah, Gujjar Naalah, Mehmoodabad Naalah are cleaned every year by government but are polluted by people the next day.

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having fleet size of 100+ which run on 12 different routes on nominal fare. The buses are air-conditioned, have wifi, have priority seeting for disabled and elderly and are wheelchair accessible.

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was carved out from District East. In August 2020, Sindh cabinet approves formation of the seventh district in Karachi (Keamari District), Keamari District was formed by splitting District West.

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The city first developed around the Karachi Harbour, and owes much of its growth to its role as a seaport at the end of the 18th century, contrasted with Pakistan's millennia-old cities such as

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to 1.3 million. The former Hindu-majority city became dominated by refugees who accounted for just under 60 per cent of the population in 1951 while the Hindu presence slumped to 0.5 per cent.

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Municipal water supplies are managed by the Karachi Water and Sewerage Board (KW&SB), which supplies 640 million gallons daily (MGD) to the city (excluding the city's steel mills and

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settled in the city in the late 19th century. The population of Parsis in Karachi and throughout South Asia is in continuous decline due to low birth-rates and migration to Western countries.

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However, decades ago, Karachi was a very different place – so different, in fact, that in 1942 the city charmed American soldiers enough they dubbed it the "Paris of the East".

16577: 19913: 18484: 14348: 10465: 6566:. KCR was fully operational between 1969 and 1999. Since 2001, restoration of the railway and restarting the system had been sought. In November 2020, the KCR partially revived operations. 16914: 15088:... Karachi became the preferred destination of northern Indian Urdu-speaking Muslims who hoped to find white-collar employment opportunities in the cosmopolitan commercial and port city. 10629: 9824: 4748:

migrated to Karachi with Afghan Pashtun refugees settling in Karachi during the 80's. Karachi is home to the world's largest urban Pashtun population, with more Pashtun citizens than the

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residents. The city experienced rapid economic growth following Pakistan's independence, attracting migrants from throughout the country and other regions in South Asia. According to the

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burning or torturing to death, drugs and weapons smugling decreased sharply after 2015. Street crime still remains high like snatching of cash, phones, motorcycles and cars on gunpoint.

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degrees. Karachi has both public and private educational institutions. Most educational institutions are gender-based from primary to intermediate. Universities are mostly co-education.

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Political parties in the province have suggested the city's population has been underestimated in a deliberate attempt to undermine the political power of the city and province. Senator

13489: 6459:, allowing trains to depart Karachi and travel on Pakistani railways at an average speed of 160 km/h (100 mph) versus the current average speed of 80 km/h (50 mph). 2090:

Karachi's highest recorded temperature is 48.0 °C (118.4 °F) which was recorded on 22 and 23 April 2017, and the lowest is 0 °C (32 °F) recorded on 21 January 1934.

18943:

Karachi property prices jumped 23 percent last year to a record high, outpacing other large cities and the national average of 10 percent, data from property website Zameen.com showed.

18811: 13750: 10591: 18218: 16663: 14040: 16625: 8446:

The inaugural first-class match at the National Stadium was played between Pakistan and India on 26 February 1955 and since then Pakistani national cricket team has won 20 of the 41

8106:

in 1992, as part of an effort to restore peace in the city that lasted until 1994. The ethnic conflicts kept going between linguistic groups till late 2010s and are no more extreme.

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In 1947, as the new Federal Government of Pakistan struggled to establish itself in Karachi, a large number of Muslim refugees from northern India came and settled down in the city

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Karachi is a centre of research in biomedicine with at least 30 public hospitals, 80 registered private hospitals and 12 recognized medical colleges, including the Indus Hospital,

1879:

in 1992 – an effort to restore peace in the city that lasted until 1994. Anti-Hindu riots also broke out in Karachi in 1992 in retaliation for the demolition of the

1777:(the tallest building in all of South Asia at the time). The city's population by 1961 had grown 369% compared to 1941. By the mid-1960s, Karachi began to attract large numbers of 1631:

was established in 1893. By 1899, Karachi had become the largest wheat-exporting port in the East. In 1901, Karachi's population was 117,000 with a further 109,000 included in the

18126: 17293: 13601: 18514: 13528: 11095: 7269:

Industrial Zone. Most recently built coal powerplants were the 1320MW Port Qasim Powerplant and the 1320MW Hub Coal Powerplant. 3 Nuclear Powerplants on western coastline namely

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A crime crackdown in Karachi, Pakistan's financial hub of 20 million people, has helped spur a real estate boom and new, upmarket seaside restaurants and cafés are overflowing.

13434: 25969: 19013: 9930: 7347:

is the most literate district among all the districts of Karachi and Sindh. Following is the literacy rate of 10 years and above population of the six districts of Karachi:

3980:

numerated Karachi's population to be 14,910,352, having grown 2.49% per year since the 1998 census, which had listed Karachi's population at approximately 9.3 million.

3025:

households (1.3 million households) with annual income above $ 20,000 measured at PPP exchange rates by 2025. The Global FDI Intelligence Report 2017/2018 published by

18464:

Just three years ago, according to the Numbeo international crime index, Karachi was the sixth most dangerous city in the world. Today it stands at number 31 – and falling.

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ranks Karachi amongst the top 10 Asia pacific cities of the future for FDI strategy. According to Anatol Lieven the economic growth of Karachi is a result of the influx of

18030: 12460: 5028:

population left for India while Muslim refugees from India, in turn, settled in the city. This mass migration dramatically changed the religious demographics of the city.

16885: 12770: 6931:

In July 2011, city district government of Karachi was reverted its original constituent units known as District Municipal Corporations (DMC). The five original DMCs are:

3045:, which is known as "Pakistan's Wall Street", with a large percentage of the cash flow in the Pakistani economy taking place on I. I. Chundrigar Road. Most major foreign 14754:

Note: The 1998 census showed a population of about nine million but this did not include workers living in Karachi but registered as living elsewhere in Pakistan by the

6516:

on 25 February 2016. Sharif said the "project will be more beautiful than Lahore Metro Bus". Orange and Green Lines are operational while Red-Line is underconstruction.

19853: 19051: 18744: 16797: 13343: 12665: 2918:

south of Clifton were also developed much later as part of the greater Defence Housing Authority project. Karachi's city limits also include several islands, including

10053: 1332:

road was built to connect the city's port to the caravan terminals. This road would eventually be further developed by the British into Bandar Road, which was renamed

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Their large-scale migration had made Karachi one of the largest Rohingya population centres outside Myanmar but afterwards the situation started turning against them.

4858:, with some Polish families who chose to remain in the city after Partition. Post-Partition Karachi also once had a sizable refugee community from post-revolutionary 19556: 15618: 15339: 14633: 11529: 10496: 7678: 3087:

Karachi has been the pioneer in cable networking in Pakistan with the most sophisticated of the cable networks of any city of Pakistan, and has seen an expansion of

18874: 17726: 15661: 14581: 10078: 9364: 6269:

Karachi is served by a road network estimated to be approximately 15,500 kilometres (9,600 miles) in length, serving approximately 5 million vehicles per day.

1189:), respectively, based on Greek descriptions. Both areas were island until well into the colonial era, when silting in led to them being connected to the mainland. 960:, Karachi's total population was 20.3 million. Karachi is one of the world's fastest-growing cities, and has significant communities representing almost every 19224: 17323: 15214: 14736: 7592: 1020:. The city had become well known for its high rates of violent crime, but recorded crimes sharply decreased following a crackdown operation against criminals, the 18336: 17692: 13166: 6974:(2016-2020), with Arshad Hassan serving as Deputy Mayor; both served as part of the KMC. The Administrator of Karachi is Syed Saif-ur-Rehman as of 2022. In 2023, 6588:. The route would not be changed however many underpasses and bridges would be built along the route to eliminate 22-level crossings. New KCR would be similar to 1796:, and the appearance of apartment buildings in the city. Real-estate prices soared during this period, leading to a worsening housing crisis. The period also saw 21289: 14702: 11591: 6825:

of Pakistan was created, comprising approximately 2,103 km (812 sq mi) of Karachi and surrounding areas, but this was merged into the province of

4756:, in contrast, are generally seen as more liberal in social outlook. The Pashtun community forms the bulk of manual labourers and transporters. Anatol Lieven of 17446: 16271: 8435:'s history in Pakistan predates the creation of the country in 1947. The first ever international cricket match in Karachi was held on 22 November 1935 between 1717:. In 1941, Muslims were 42% of Karachi's population, but by 1951 made up 96% of the city's population. The city's population had tripled between 1941 and 1951. 18274: 17817:

Tahir, M. Zubair; Sobani, Zain A.; Quadri, S. A.; Ahmed, S. Nizam; Sheerani, Mughis; Siddiqui, Fowzia; Boling, Warren W.; Enam, Syed Ather (12 February 2012).

17761: 17354: 15427: 13317: 9758: 8222:

Flooding hinders connectivity of different areas of the city specially Landhi and Korangi. Floods have caused drown or electric shocks related deaths as well.

6131:

as a Goan enclave. The Goan community dates from 1820 and has a population estimated to be 12,000–15,000 strong. Karachi is served by its own archdiocese, the

19730: 12826: 12586: 18149: 16339: 12934: 11441: 10659: 9976: 7611: 7329: 18705: 17098: 12803: 12088: 9718: 9457: 18536: 16379:

a b c "Religions: Islam 95%, other (includes Christian and Hindu, 2% Ahmadiyyah ) 5%". CIA. The World Factbook on Pakistan. 2010. Retrieved 28 August 2010.

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Curtis, Lisa; Mullick, Haider (4 May 2009). "Reviving Pakistan's Pluralist Traditions to Fight Extremism". The Heritage Foundation. Retrieved 31 July 2011

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In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Karachi was rocked by political conflict while crime rates drastically increased with the arrival of weaponry from the

23361: 21541: 20422: 2074:. The city has annual average precipitation levels (approx. 296 mm (12 in) per annum), the bulk of which occurs during the late June–September 19495: 19469: 19443: 19417: 19391: 18451: 15764: 14831: 13459: 13012: 6547:

Red buses are for general public. Pink buses are for women only. White buses are environment friendly electric buses having designated charging points.

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Rafi Cricket Stadium under construction in Bahria Town would soon become the largest cricket stadium in Karachi with a capacity of 50,000+ spectators.

6903:

was the first Nazim of Karachi during the Union Council period, while Shafiq-Ur-Rehman Paracha was the first district coordination officer of Karachi.

6889:, five districts of Karachi were merged to form the city district of Karachi, with a three-tier structure. The two most local tiers are composed of 18 19635: 18671: 13814: 10841: 24159: 19819: 18773: 16248: 15276: 15165: 12366: 10273: 9784: 7619: 1682: 940:

in the mid-19th century. British administrators embarked on substantial projects to transform the city into a major seaport, and connect it with the

1985:. However, Karachi lies near the western edge of the Indian Plate, on the Indo Gagnetic Plain. Within the city of Karachi are two small ranges: the 18602: 16996: 16569: 15410: 12643: 11236: 10159:

Qaim Ali Shah, the chief minister of Sindh province in southern Pakistan, said at a news conference in February that there were already more than 1

8812: 8350:

Architecturally distinctive, even eccentric, buildings have sprung up throughout Karachi. Notable example of contemporary architecture include the

1678: 19905: 18476: 16745: 15192: 14340: 11882: 10461: 9331: 8311:

or Anglo-Mughal began to emerge in some locations. The local mercantile community began acquiring impressive structures. Zaibunnisa Street in the

1551:

Following the Rebellion, British colonial administrators continued to develop the city's infrastructure, but continued to neglect localities like

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In its early years, football in Pakistan was mainly concentrated to Balochistan and the locality of Lyari, from where majority of players of the

7580: 7280:

75% of Karachi receives uninterrupted power supply almost throughout the year. 25% areas including industrial areas suffer with up to 6 hours of

4690:

Much of Karachi's citizenry descend from Urdu-speaking migrants and refugees from North India who became known by the Arabic term for "Migrant":

1666:

separate from the Bombay Presidency with Karachi was once again made capital of Sindh. In 1941, the population of the city had risen to 387,000.

1627:

underwent radical improvements with connection to the railways, along with expansion and dredging of the port, and construction of a breakwater.

16910: 11811: 9517: 6923:). Each council included up to three council secretaries and a number of other civil servants. The Union Council system was dismantled in 2011. 19823: 18179: 14525: 14257: 11292: 10802: 10535: 7936: 7623: 6451:

The railway system also handles freight linking Karachi port to destinations up-country in northern Pakistan. The city is the terminus for the

4791:

also migrated from Bangladesh to Karachi during periods of economic growth in the 1980s and 1990s. Karachi is now home to an estimated 2.5 to 3

3968:

in 1947, the city had an estimated population of 400,000. The city's population grew dramatically with the arrival of hundreds of thousands of

1469:. British troops, known as the "Company Bahadur" established a camp to the east of the captured city, which became the precursor to the modern 1422: 345: 120: 18963: 18930: 18844: 16823: 13788: 12736: 10208: 7548:

founded in 1885, was granted university status in 2012. Establishment of the Sindh Madressatul Islam was followed by the establishment of the

26848: 26833: 25955: 24909: 21355: 20409: 18803: 16856: 13758: 10806: 10587: 9631: 7741: 7663: 7568: 1851:. At this time, Karachi was also rocked by political conflict, while crime rates drastically increased with the arrival of weaponry from the 18210: 16655: 14776: 14032: 8127:. Approximately half of Karachi's residents still live in these unplanned communities which have limited paved roads and limited utilities. 24279: 22994: 19112: 16898:

Latest technology will be employed for fabricating these trains and the rolling-stock will be fully computerised, automatic and driverless.

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industrial estates. Violence originated in the city's university campuses, and spread into the city. Conflict was especially sharp between

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New Town was subdivided into residential, commercial, and military areas. Given the strategic value of the city, the British developed the

1032:. As a result of the operation, Karachi dropped from being ranked the world's 6th-most dangerous city for crime in 2014, to 128th by 2022. 19365: 13092: 7571:(IBA), founded in 1955, is the oldest business school outside of North America and Europe, and was set up with technical support from the 24057: 17593: 14084: 13597: 11686: 11413: 10341: 9291: 9090: 8335: 7721: 7603: 4839: 1052:, whose son is said to have slain a man-eating crocodile in the village after his elder brothers had already been killed by it. The name 24556: 18118: 17648: 17406: 17285: 1913:. As a result of the operation, Karachi went from being ranked the world's 6th most dangerous city for crime in 2014, to 128th by 2022. 26868: 25464: 24288: 24204: 21078: 18506: 17228: 16317: 15252: 13520: 12960: 12158: 10111: 9189: 8945: 7602:, founded in 1983, is Karachi's oldest private educational institution, and is one of Pakistan's most prestigious medical schools. The 24836: 20213:

International Migrants and the City: Bangkok, Berlin, Dakar, Karachi, Johannesburg, Naples, São Paulo, Tijuana, Vancouver, Vladivostok

15465: 13902: 12290:

Party, Government and Freedom in the Muslim World: Three Articles Reprinted from the Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2d Ed., V. 3, Parts 49–50

12197: 11259: 7610:

is the largest private university in Pakistan with faculties including Eastern Medicine, Medical, Engineering, Pharmacy, and Law. The

24214: 23285: 20905: 18389: 16450: 15745:... With a population of over 23 million Karachi is also the world's largest Muslim city, the world's seventh-largest conurbation ... 14402: 13423: 10703: 1693:

in 1947, On 15 August 1947 Capital of Sindh shifted from Karachi to Hyderabad and Karachi was made the national capital of Pakistan.

19254: 14893:"TABLE – 4 AREA, POPULATION BY SEX, SEX RATIO, POPULATION DENSITY, URBAN PROPORTION, HOUSEHOLD SIZE AND ANNUAL GROWTH RATE OF SINDH" 14868:"TABLE – 4 AREA, POPULATION BY SEX, SEX RATIO, POPULATION DENSITY, URBAN PROPORTION, HOUSEHOLD SIZE AND ANNUAL GROWTH RATE OF SINDH" 4760:

wrote that due to Pashtuns settling the city, "Karachi (not Kabul, Kandahar or Peshawar) is the largest Pashtun city in the world."

3169:

smaller than that of formal sector enterprises. An estimated 63% of the Karachi's workforce is employed in trade and manufacturing.

25385: 25360: 24108: 24002: 23862: 22018: 19134: 15596: 8603: 7845:. In 2023, another mega mall/entertainment complex named 'Mall of Karachi' situated at the bottom of Pakistan's tallest skyscraper 1619:

in 1869, Karachi's position as a major port increased even further. In 1878, the British Raj connected Karachi with the network of

894: 636: 18757:

With 1,040 deaths – down from 2,023 in 2014 – recorded in Karachi this past year, the metropolis saw

15536: 8574:

The popularity of golf is increasing, with clubs in Karachi like Dreamworld Resort, Bahria Town Golf Club, Hotel & Golf Club,

6802:

was organized by British administrators to control its spread. The board became the Karachi Municipal Commission in 1852, and the

6681:, the former being the oldest port of Pakistan. Port Qasim is located 35 kilometres (22 miles) east of the Port of Karachi on the 26858: 24635: 24443: 23926: 21534: 20988: 20920: 16767: 8087: 3053:, which was rated as Asia's best-performing stock market in 2015 on the heels of Pakistan's upgrade to emerging-market status by 1856: 1021: 18038: 16416: 9418: 6455:

which connects Karachi to Peshawar. Pakistan's rail network, including the Main Line-1 Railway is being upgraded as part of the

4807:, who speak a dialect of Bengali and are sometimes regarded as Bengalis, also live in the city. Karachi is home to an estimated 2008:

Between the hills are wide coastal plains interspersed with dry river beds and water channels. Karachi has developed around the

1875:

was sharp. The party and its vast network of supporters were targeted by Pakistani security forces as part of the controversial

24630: 24551: 23707: 20831: 20750: 16881: 16530: 12859: 12762: 9771:

This all happened in the heart of Karachi – a relatively liberal city with a population of more than 15 million.

8950: 8940: 7833:

which hosts more than two hundred stores. According to TripAdvisor the city is also home to Pakistan's favorite shopping mall,

7549: 7525: 7491: 6452: 3074: 1431: 602: 309: 19198: 19160: 17795: 13339: 7903:

exhibit a rich collection of artwork, while the city boasts several private art galleries. Additionally, Karachi features the

1530:, who was appointed in the 1850s. Karachi was recognized for its strategic importance, prompting the British to establish the 25375: 25325: 24608: 24366: 24166: 24069: 23962: 20381: 20361: 20343: 20323: 20303: 20283: 20263: 20241: 20221: 20192: 20170: 20150: 20126: 20108: 20088: 20055: 20033: 20015: 19989: 19795: 19043: 18997: 18736: 18425: 16954: 16793: 16510: 16485: 15333: 15077: 14958: 14933: 13561: 13069: 12562: 12443: 12399: 12332: 12249: 12207: 12168: 12138: 12053: 11986: 11956: 11892: 11865: 11805: 11726: 11585: 11523: 11332: 11269: 11230: 11174: 11120: 11027: 10945: 10884: 10824: 10766: 10739: 10566: 10384: 9986: 9940: 9834: 9641: 8272: 8044: 7788: 7761: 6132: 4973: 4969: 3420: 1852: 941: 17202: 16180: 16145: 16111: 16076: 16042: 16007: 15972: 15937: 15903: 15868: 15805: 15297: 14491: 12990: 12912: 10045: 7292:

and unregulated areas are not yet electrified hence they indulge in electricity theft which is locally called Kunda-System.

1387: 26828: 26327: 26268: 24306: 24154: 23130: 21304: 21294: 14370: 11976: 10962: 9565: 8935: 8920: 8776: 8477: 8458:

Whites. The National Stadium hosted two group matches (Pakistan v. South Africa on 29 February and Pakistan v. England on 3

8235: 7487: 6822: 6419: 16552: 16393: 16223: 15683: 15622: 14867: 14641: 13193: 12527: 12128: 11377: 10488: 6661:. The airport offers non-stop flights to destinations throughout East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the 1519:

for the next 93 years, and Karachi remain the divisional headquarter. A few years later in 1846, Karachi suffered a large

24712: 24421: 24209: 23832: 23681: 21309: 21180: 20610: 20518: 19548: 18870: 17718: 17428: 17380: 15559: 14573: 14451: 13575: 12673: 11112:

The Ancient Geography of India: The Buddhist Period, Including the Campaigns of Alexander, and the Travels of Hwen-Thsang

9543: 9356: 7948: 7737: 6727:

Karachi has a fragmented system of civic government. The urban area is divided into six District Municipal Corporations:

1427: 914: 640: 17482: 17315: 14740: 13850: 12015: 11650: 11322: 9591: 4787:

arrived in the city, preferring to remain Pakistani rather than live in the newly independent country. Large numbers of

1359:, triggering a third wave of Balochi settlers who arrived from central Sindh and southern Punjab. The Talpurs built the 26863: 26143: 24831: 24264: 23992: 22864: 21527: 20973: 20859: 20643: 18326: 17512: 13958: 13170: 10114:. Center for International Development and Conflict Management, University of Maryland. 10 January 2007. Archived from 9265: 8300: 8102:. The party and its vast network of supporters were targeted by Pakistani security forces as part of the controversial 7769: 7545: 7515: 7154: 6433: 3976:. Rapid economic growth following independence attracted further migrants from throughout Pakistan and South Asia. The 2907: 694: 17064: 16284: 14698: 12707: 11575: 10308: 9907: 9386: 9211: 6897:. Each tier focused on elected councils with some common members to provide "vertical linkage" within the federation. 992:. Approximately 30% of Pakistani industrial output is from Karachi, while Karachi's ports handle approximately 95% of 26853: 25350: 25239: 23997: 21550: 21348: 21248: 20882: 20755: 20453: 19613: 19284: 17551: 17442: 16313: 15738: 15716: 15655: 15033: 15008: 14983: 14551: 13287: 13249: 13219: 12886: 12537: 12433: 11054: 10982:

Identification and description of some old sites in Sind and their relation with the physical geography of the region

9871: 8955: 8188: 7668: 7653: 7648: 7584: 7576: 7557: 6707: 4985: 1580:, among others, established themselves in Karachi, with many setting-up businesses in the new commercial district of 19846:"Here are the TWIN Sisters of Karachi, Lahore, Islamabad, Multan, and other Pakistani cities, from across the globe" 18266: 17963: 17346: 15435: 13309: 11191: 9754: 8990:

1872-1941: Data for the entirety of the town of Karachi, which included Karachi Municipality and Karachi Cantonment.

8170: 1701:

January 1948, after which most of Sindh's Hindu population fled to India, with assistance of the Indian government.

1523:

outbreak, which led to the establishment of the Karachi Cholera Board (predecessor to the city's civic government).

25294: 24448: 24409: 24091: 24086: 24042: 23977: 23750: 22987: 21192: 20795: 20790: 20760: 20373:

Global Perspectives on Cancer: Incidence, Care, and Experience [2 volumes]: Incidence, Care, and Experience

16599: 12578: 10086: 9149: 8551:, which is one of the major football stadiums in the country are located in the city. In 2005, the city hosted the 8403: 7684: 7673: 7495: 6967: 6960: 6854: 6838: 6811: 6767: 6570: 6456: 6360: 6328:. This toll highway is designed to relieve congestion within the city. To the north of Karachi lies the 39 km 4980: 886: 523: 395: 126: 23762: 19720: 19232: 18157: 16349: 15222: 13876: 12389: 11792: 11463: 11435: 11110: 10651: 7709: 6611:, KCR will connect the city centre with several industrial, commercial and residential districts within the city. 6123:

who are typically better-educated and more affluent than their Punjabi co-religionists. They established the posh

2059: 1555:, which was home to the city's original population of Sindhi fishermen and Balochi nomads. At the outbreak of the 1488:

community started migrating to Karachi in the 1820s as traders. The majority of the estimated 100,000 who came to

210: 26009: 25269: 24785: 24722: 24670: 24074: 23936: 23921: 23722: 22490: 21095: 20864: 18701: 17102: 14110: 13720: 12795: 12322: 12082: 9710: 9453: 8512: 8481: 7658: 7511: 7475:(grades eleven and twelve, leading to a Higher Secondary School Certificate); and university programs leading to 6662: 6646: 6441: 6115:

Approximately 2.2% of Karachi's population is Christian. The city's Christian community is primarily composed of

3570:

Karachi has the largest number of Urdu speakers in Pakistan. As per the 2023 census, the linguistic breakdown of

3176:, Northern Bypass Industrial Zone, Bin Qasim and North Karachi serve as large industrial estates in Karachi. The 1793: 1674: 682: 19883: 17951: 15273: 13664: 12070:

Karachi Through a Hundred Years: The Centenary History of the Karachi Chamber of Commerce and Industry 1860–1960

11288:

History of Karachi: With Special Reference to Educational, Demographical, and Commercial Developments, 1839–1900

8454:

at the National Stadium was against the West Indies on 21 November 1980, with the match going to the last ball.

8439:

and Australian cricket teams. The match was seen by 5,000 Karachiites. Karachi is also the place that innovated

2087:

August 1953, when about 278.1 millimetres (10.95 in) of rain lashed the city, resulting in major flooding.

25457: 25330: 25219: 24762: 24613: 24593: 24583: 24546: 24453: 23967: 23857: 22941: 19943: 19526: 19082: 18088: 17132: 17027: 16719: 16240: 14809: 14676: 12617: 10439: 10022: 8166: 7536:

Karachi University is the city's largest by number of students, number of departments & occupied land area.

6180:

descent form the other part and typically serve as menial and day laborers. Wealthier Hindus live primarily in

4757: 4691: 3969: 3325: 1739: 1708: 243: 26253: 20419: 18304: 17263: 17158: 16241:"Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population" 15496: 12239: 9684: 9067: 7583:, which opened in 1962, offers degree programmes in petroleum, gas, chemical, and industrial engineering. The 7265:

Karachi mostly gets electricity from oil, gas and coal powerplants established either on western coastline or

6577:

and construction started in 2022. Existing 43 km KCR track and stations would be completely rebuilt into

4390:

is the most densely populated district of the seven districts of Karachi as well as the entirety of Pakistan.

1713:

refugees who fled India, with 470,000 refugees in Karachi by May 1948, leading to a drastic alteration of the

26838: 26278: 26263: 25355: 25304: 25224: 25088: 24936: 24757: 24655: 24356: 24271: 23941: 23278: 23224: 23206: 22931: 22921: 21279: 20915: 20770: 19694: 17819:"Establishment of a Comprehensive Epilepsy Center in Pakistan: Initial Experiences, Results, and Reflections" 15757: 15694: 14842: 13467: 11071: 8915: 8900: 8726: 8375: 8083: 7979: 7773: 7270: 7130: 6821:. New roads, parks, residential, and recreational areas were developed as part of this project. In 1948, the 6807: 6775: 6483: 6333: 3289: 3254: 3082: 1797: 20633: 19665: 18441: 16273:

Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population

15131: 14603: 14310: 14136: 11742: 8394:. Newer skyscrapers are being built in Clifton. At least 50 150m+ buildings were underconstruction in 2022. 2046:

influences Karachi's climate, providing the city with more moderate temperatures compared to other areas of

1461:. Karachi's population at the time was an estimated 8,000 to 14,000, and was confined to the walled city in 276: 26225: 25796: 25335: 25199: 25194: 24884: 24871: 24801: 24717: 24685: 24665: 24478: 24221: 24064: 24047: 23931: 23817: 23671: 23645: 23618: 23073: 21341: 20983: 20963: 20930: 20910: 20780: 17468: 10851: 9216: 9095: 8910: 8905: 8548: 8288: 7931:'s residence, also serves as a museum showcasing his furniture and other belongings. Other museums include 7697: 7468: 6806:

the following year. The City of Karachi Municipal Act of 1933 transformed the city administration into the

6633: 6604: 6363:

Project. From Hyderabad, motorways provide high-speed road access to all major Pakistani cities, including

6359:. The M-9 motorway is part of a larger countrywide motorways network, many of which were built through the 6302: 6289:

over a 20 km span. The 19 km (12 mi) University Road connects Karachi's urban centre to the

3078: 1005: 932:

The region has been inhabited for millennia, but the city was formally founded as the fortified village of

719: 24780: 23837: 19465: 19439: 19413: 19387: 15588: 12360: 11361: 10280: 7614:(NUCES-FAST), one of Pakistan's top universities in computer education, operates two campuses in Karachi. 4996:

Karachi is a religiously homogeneous city with more than 96 per cent of its population adhering to Islam.

26843: 26086: 25481: 25370: 25365: 25309: 25284: 25229: 25189: 24821: 24623: 24438: 24433: 24394: 24333: 23987: 23852: 23822: 23812: 23807: 23676: 22980: 22961: 21488: 21274: 21147: 20854: 20785: 20255: 19491: 8925: 8801: 8315:

area (known as Elphinstone Street in British days) is an example where the mercantile groups adopted the

7896: 7871: 7507: 7138: 7134: 6803: 6783: 6779: 4958: 3965: 3396: 1746:

and honorary consulates. Between 1958 and 1970, Karachi's role as capital of Sindh was ceased due to the

1638: 1632: 1601: 1597: 1376: 1087: 1077: 973: 475: 172: 18610: 16988: 16685: 15407: 15188: 12639: 11220: 10183: 9486: 8291:

was popular in the 19th century and was the architectural style for St. Joseph's Convent (1870) and the

7540:

Karachi is home to several major public universities. Karachi's first public university's date from the

6620: 3470:

Karachi is the most linguistically, ethnically, and religiously diverse city in Pakistan. The city is a

166: 26769: 26283: 26071: 26023: 25473: 25244: 25083: 24965: 24404: 24371: 24226: 24197: 24101: 23972: 23946: 23842: 23717: 23603: 23578: 23163: 23003: 22956: 22951: 22626: 21299: 21238: 20849: 20291: 17969: 16741: 12311:

Planning Commission, Pakistan Economic Survey, 1964–65, Rawalpindi: Govt. Printing Press, 1965, p. 212.

9320: 8930: 8520: 8378:. One of the unique cultural elements of Karachi is that the residences, which are two- or three-story 7749: 7458: 7319: 6979: 6894: 6593: 6264: 6031:, though the city is one of Pakistan's most secular cities. Approximately 85% of Karachi's Muslims are 4808: 4776: 4374: 3378: 3361: 3100: 1902: 1646: 1439: 1096: 567: 550: 17: 19968: 15103:

Khalidi, Omar (Autumn 1998). "From Torrent to Trickle: Indian Muslim Migration to Pakistan, 1947–97".

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million illegal Afghan immigrants living in Karachi, a rapidly growing city of 22 million people.

6402:, the capital of Balochistan. The N-10 National Highway connects Karachi to the emerging port city of 4752:. Pashtuns from Afghanistan are regarded as the most conservative community. Pashtuns from Pakistan's 3474:

of ethnolinguistic groups from throughout Pakistan, as well as migrants from other parts of Asia. The

26288: 26205: 26061: 26004: 25450: 25340: 25289: 25259: 25028: 24826: 24750: 24561: 24316: 24311: 23827: 23745: 23727: 23623: 23341: 23214: 23053: 22936: 22926: 21284: 20775: 19312: 14169: 13698: 10761:. Project of History of Indian Science, Philosophy and Culture, Centre for Studies in Civilizations. 9509: 8736: 8707: 8678: 8653: 8556: 8420: 8253: 7986:, has been holding its annual music festival since its inception in 2004. The National Arts Council ( 7867: 7765: 6799: 6703: 6341: 6321: 6274: 3307: 3272: 3116: 3046: 1527: 993: 961: 485: 19811: 18955: 18922: 18836: 14517: 14264: 13638: 12302:

Planning Commission, The Second Five Year Plan: 1960–65, Karachi: Govt. Printing Press, 1960, p. 393

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government in 2011 – allegedly to patronize their electoral allies and voting banks.

1165:. No other natural harbour exists near the mouth of the Indus that could accommodate a large fleet. 26320: 26096: 25390: 25279: 25076: 25015: 25000: 24985: 24943: 24695: 24416: 24389: 24026: 23737: 23562: 23413: 23366: 23271: 22880: 22495: 21875: 21595: 21405: 21233: 21208: 21003: 20978: 20595: 20503: 20271: 17957: 16819: 14006: 13781: 12729: 10996: 10686:, Floor, W. Institute of Central & West Asian Studies, University of Karachi, 1993–1994, p. 49. 10216: 8965: 8575: 8162: 8151: 7908: 7463:

Karachi's primary education system is divided into five levels: primary (grades one through five);

7367: 7343: 7096: 6940: 6858: 6736: 6555: 6415: 4796: 4422: 4387: 3453: 3437: 3294: 2832: 1891: 1628: 1333: 1281:

recorded that a small settlement of 20–25 huts existed along the Karachi Harbour that was known as

768: 490: 480: 31: 17868: 16936: 16846: 8408: 4965: 4670: 1800:

industrial estates beginning in 1970 that were violently repressed by the government of President

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Handbook of Religion and the Asian City – Aspiration and Urbanization in the Twenty-First Century

14772: 13932: 8885: 8880: 8751: 8583: 8324: 8155: 7952: 7476: 6990: 6770:

and KBCA (Karachi Building Control Authority), among others, are under the direct control of the

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also complements Karachi's industrial economy by hosting regional and international exhibitions.

3132: 3050: 1743: 1714: 1589: 957: 926: 873: 576: 136: 25947: 19104: 17936: 14222: 10238: 9239: 7258:. It was government owned but was privatised in 2019. Government still has some shares. However 6829:

in 1959. In 1960, Karachi and Lasbela District merged to create Karachi-Bela Division. In 1972,

26243: 26195: 25979: 25066: 24960: 24931: 24702: 24571: 24244: 24192: 24182: 24131: 23847: 23686: 23593: 23547: 23474: 23378: 23105: 22298: 21920: 21585: 21395: 21228: 20925: 20874: 20560: 20203:

Community Organizations and Urban Development: A Study of Selected Urban Settlements in Karachi

20184: 20069: 20047: 19787: 18358: 17906: 17180: 16100:"Census of India 1921. Vol. 8, Bombay Presidency. Pt. 2, Tables : imperial and provincial" 15069: 13984: 11948: 11044: 10980: 10935: 10874: 10846: 8761: 8463: 8371: 8296: 8231: 7733: 7701: 7622:(SSUET) offers degree programmes in biomedical, electronics, telecom and computer engineering. 7393: 7146: 6994: 6944: 6850: 6787: 6740: 6096: 4497: 3964:

At the end of the 19th century, Karachi had an estimated population of 105,000. By the dawn of

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and 1990s. The city forms the centre of an economic corridor stretching from Karachi to nearby

2877: 1954:. Karachi is built on a coastal plain with scattered rocky outcroppings, hills and marshlands. 1941: 1833: 1478: 902: 704: 674: 25345: 20371: 20333: 20293: 20273: 20136: 20098: 17579: 15323: 14088: 13906: 11678: 11560: 11513: 11480: 11405: 11140: 11017: 11000: 10782: 10729: 10349: 10215:. Centre for Risk Studies at the University of Cambridge Judge Business School. Archived from 9295: 25832: 25179: 25169: 25038: 24916: 24904: 24618: 24470: 24458: 24361: 24351: 24323: 24298: 24149: 24096: 23789: 23557: 23527: 23459: 23403: 23326: 23110: 23100: 22946: 22852: 22404: 22192: 22041: 21860: 21794: 21648: 21600: 21590: 21428: 21410: 21400: 21091: 20900: 20765: 20733: 20653: 20570: 20545: 20446: 20313: 20231: 20211: 20160: 17402: 17054:"Land ownership, control and contestation in Karachi and implications for low-income housing" 15645: 13430: 11496: 10814: 10374: 8643: 8451: 8383: 8339: 8061: 7912: 7567:, founded in 1951, is Pakistan's largest university with a student population of 24,000. The 7564: 7419: 7406: 7284:

everyday due to energy generation deficit. Power outages increase further in Peak-summer and

7234:

residents in Karachi report their streets are never cleaned, compared to 10% of residents in

6936: 6932: 6846: 6842: 6818: 6760: 6756: 6732: 6728: 6722: 6608: 6336:

National Highway. A 39 km (24 mi) Malir Expressway is under construction along the

6229: 4734: 4522: 4472: 3343: 3277: 3042: 3009: 2919: 2890: 2836: 1844: 1829: 1825: 1515:. Following the 1843 annexation, on 17 February the entire province was amalgamated into the 1277:

near Karachi in the mid-18th century, known as Kharak Bander. 19th century Karachi historian

1249:

in Karachi's modern suburbs were built around this time between the 15th and 18th centuries.

1017: 906: 757: 714: 533: 415: 25380: 19361: 17655: 17232: 16309: 15244: 15061: 12964: 10684:

The Dutch East India Company (VOC) and Diewel-Sind (Pakistan) in the 17th and 18th centuries

10115: 9181: 8571:

Karachi has hosted seven editions of the National Games of Pakistan, most recently in 2007.

936:

as recently as 1729. The settlement greatly increased in importance with the arrival of the

26106: 25894: 25249: 25122: 25117: 25098: 24990: 24955: 24921: 24680: 24647: 24343: 24009: 23982: 23666: 23661: 23552: 23186: 23178: 22664: 22538: 22513: 22505: 22485: 22455: 22399: 22293: 22217: 22129: 21448: 21253: 21185: 21137: 20950: 20841: 20703: 20575: 20565: 20533: 18385: 17601: 16202: 15857:"Census of India, 1881. Operations and results in the Presidency of Bombay, including Sind" 13378: 8970: 8781: 8756: 8504: 8493: 8355: 8338:

is one of the prime examples of Architectural conservation and restoration where an entire

8120: 7310: 7226: 6429: 6387: 6245: 5037: 2906:, which were developed in the 1950s. To the east of the historic core is the area known as 1937: 1917: 1906: 1504: 1454: 1447: 1360: 1278: 1262: 1009: 985: 965: 26066: 10699: 8415: 7962:

was considered to be home of Pakistan's film industry, Karachi is home to Urdu cinema and

6881:

Advocate (2001–2005) was one of the most successful and respected mayors Karachi ever had.

4721:-speaking refugees. Karachi is also home to a several-thousand member strong community of 1974:, which is an area characterised by sea cliffs, rocky sandstone promontories and beaches. 8: 26313: 26119: 26048: 26028: 25411: 25234: 25174: 25127: 24899: 24894: 24859: 24806: 24745: 24729: 24675: 24603: 24588: 24528: 24399: 24187: 24052: 23913: 23888: 23712: 23308: 23191: 22900: 22814: 22766: 22659: 22621: 22548: 22427: 22321: 22096: 22091: 22081: 22066: 21988: 21958: 21837: 21827: 21633: 21463: 21458: 21453: 21443: 21438: 21258: 20821: 20816: 20737: 20618: 20523: 20513: 19725: 19262: 18956:"Despite rising economy, Pakistan still hampered by image problem leftright 4/4leftright" 18331: 16851: 16280: 16244: 14762:, Bangladeshis, Indians, Nepalis and others (incl. Filipinos, Iranians, Iraqis, Burmese). 14420: 12894: 11626: 10139:"Pakistan cracks down on Afghan immigrants, fearing an influx as U.S. leaves Afghanistan" 8697: 8607: 8359: 8241: 7928: 7920: 7904: 7805: 7599: 7560:

was established in 1945, and is now one of Pakistan's top medical research institutions.

7556:(NED), was founded in 1921, and is Pakistan's oldest institution of higher learning. The 7532: 7498:, are operated by Christian churches, and are among Pakistan's most prestigious schools. 7472: 7214: 7142: 6771: 6699: 6585: 6541: 6056: 4705:

Karachi is home to a wide array of non-Urdu speaking Muslim peoples from what is now the

3457: 3177: 1806: 1801: 1762: 1585: 1577: 1355:, which attracted a second wave of Balochi settlers. In 1795, Karachi was annexed by the 1224: 1150: 1115:

along Karachi's northern outskirts. These earliest inhabitants are believed to have been

1008:. Karachi is also considered to be Pakistan's fashion capital, and has hosted the annual 989: 969: 945: 187: 24079: 19138: 18477:"Karachi, the 6th most dangerous city in the world previously, has jumped to 50th place" 15828:"Census of India, 1872. Census of the Bombay Presidency, taken on the 21. February 1872" 13382: 11142:

Appendix to the Arabs in Sind, Vol.III, Part 1, of the Historians of India [sic]

6436:

are the city's two major railway stations. The city has an international rail link, the

1223:

was encouraged. Under his rule, fortifications in the region acted as a bulwark against

26038: 25999: 25879: 25738: 25299: 25143: 25093: 25071: 25023: 24979: 24707: 24690: 24505: 24500: 24256: 23640: 23388: 23168: 23148: 23025: 22875: 22860: 22776: 22606: 22283: 22144: 22061: 21832: 21817: 21812: 21668: 21498: 21493: 21423: 21243: 21213: 21172: 21142: 21130: 21065: 20892: 20537: 20488: 20470: 19780: 17845: 17818: 16344: 16172: 16137: 16103: 16068: 16034: 15999: 15964: 15929: 15895: 15860: 15831: 15797: 15528: 15379: 15112: 13399: 13366: 13131:"Karachi City Diagnostic: livability, sustainability and growth in the city of Karachi" 12496: 12241:

The Long Partition and the Making of Modern South Asia: Refugees, Boundaries, Histories

12199:

The Long Partition and the Making of Modern South Asia: Refugees, Boundaries, Histories

12160:

The Global World of Indian Merchants, 1750–1947: Traders of Sind from Bukhara to Panama

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March), and a quarter-final match (South Africa v. West Indies on 11 March) during the

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In 2011, an estimated 2.5 million foreign migrants lived in the city, mostly from

3988:. Karachi's population grew by 59.8% since the 1998 census to 14.9 million, while 3030: 2968: 2873: 2033: 1876: 1556: 1474: 1470: 1371: 1193: 1182: 1154: 1073: 949: 937: 17061:

International Institute for Environment and Development United Nations Population Fund

16454: 14009:. Federal B Area Association of Trade & Industry. 17 December 2013. Archived from 11941: 7780:. In 1995, Ziauddin Hospital was the site of Pakistan's first bone marrow transplant. 6817:

During the 1900s, Karachi saw its major beautification project under the mayoralty of

4847:

project. The city is also home to a small number of British and American expatriates.

3049:

operating in Pakistan have their headquarters in Karachi. Karachi is also home to the

1946:

Karachi is located on the coastline of Sindh province in southern Pakistan, along the

1761:, South Korea, borrowing from the city's second "Five-Year Plan". Several examples of 1169:, who commanded Alexander's naval fleet, also mentioned a hilly island by the name of 26133: 25776: 25624: 25427: 25421: 25211: 25164: 25112: 25050: 25005: 24926: 24889: 24019: 24014: 23633: 23628: 23608: 23454: 23356: 23247: 23153: 23058: 22890: 22870: 22326: 22207: 22139: 22013: 22008: 22003: 21910: 21508: 21478: 21473: 21433: 21167: 21162: 21157: 20638: 20508: 20377: 20357: 20339: 20319: 20299: 20279: 20259: 20237: 20217: 20188: 20166: 20146: 20122: 20104: 20084: 20051: 20029: 20011: 19985: 19791: 19579:"In Pakistan's 'Mini Brazil,' football fever runs late into the night during Ramadan" 18993: 18421: 17850: 17567: 17206: 16526: 16506: 16481: 15734: 15712: 15651: 15329: 15073: 15062: 15029: 15004: 14979: 14954: 14929: 13567: 13557: 13404: 13065: 12558: 12533: 12488: 12480: 12439: 12395: 12328: 12245: 12203: 12164: 12134: 12049: 11982: 11952: 11888: 11861: 11801: 11722: 11581: 11519: 11328: 11265: 11226: 11170: 11116: 11050: 11023: 10941: 10880: 10820: 10810: 10762: 10735: 10562: 10527: 10380: 9982: 9936: 9867: 9830: 9637: 9428: 9091:"Karachi, Pakistan: Troubled, Violent Metropolis Was Once Called 'Paris Of The East'" 8890: 8284: 7846: 7842: 7824: 7777: 7615: 7114: 7102: 6907:

was elected City Nazim of Karachi to succeed Naimatullah Khan in 2005 elections, and

6532: 6509: 6425: 6173: 4953: 4706: 4634: 3973: 3917: 3889: 3128: 3070: 2926:, a former island which is now connected to the mainland by a thin 12-kilometre long 2759: 2712: 2665: 2618: 1963: 1690: 1516: 1220: 1104: 12863: 12500: 10700:"The Dutch East India Company's shipping between the Netherlands and Asia 1595–1795" 9321:"Announcement of Results of 7th Population and Housing Census-2023 (Sindh province)" 7966:

annually showcases independent Pakistani and international films and documentaries.

7606:

was founded in 1989, and offers degree programmes in arts and architectural fields.

6524: 4834:

are employed in Karachi's posh locales, while many of the city's teachers hail from

2070:, dominated by a long "Summer Season" while moderated by oceanic influence from the 1370:

In 1799 or 1800, the founder of the Talpur dynasty, Mir Fateh Ali Khan, allowed the

1351:

is shipwrecked near the settlement. In 1770s, Karachi came under the control of the

26823: 26783: 26593: 25915: 25682: 25553: 25500: 24995: 24816: 24493: 23893: 23598: 23219: 23196: 23158: 23140: 23120: 23115: 23092: 23063: 23038: 22885: 22829: 22761: 22741: 22733: 22669: 22563: 22445: 22437: 22384: 22237: 22187: 22134: 21998: 21978: 21890: 21870: 21774: 21769: 21701: 21580: 21570: 21562: 21390: 21380: 21375: 21152: 21105: 20998: 20993: 20745: 20718: 20698: 20683: 20668: 20439: 19202: 19164: 18871:"Karachi witnesses significant decrease in target killing, extortion cases in 2016" 17840: 17830: 17791: 15388: 15057: 13421: 13394: 13386: 13197: 12472: 8960: 8693: 8668: 8544: 8387: 8280: 8260: 8249: 8057: 7838: 7643: 7380: 7108: 7051: 6983: 6952: 6900: 6886: 6878: 6830: 6778:, is under control of the government, while two new city-planning authorities, the 6748: 6563: 6559: 6491: 6473: 6356: 6317: 6294: 6290: 6286: 6181: 6124: 6104: 6028: 6023: 4710: 4699: 4641: 4447: 3953: 3949: 3945: 3929: 3909: 3782: 3748: 3714: 3571: 3555: 3545: 3535: 3259: 3095:. The city has become a software outsourcing hub for Pakistan. Several independent 3092: 3066: 2998: 2986: 2977: 2935: 2885: 1910: 1887: 1821: 1774: 1757:

Karachi of the 1960s was regarded as an economic role model around the world, with

1536: 1496: 1298: 1246: 1186: 1092: 1029: 922: 816: 559: 541: 495: 420: 19636:"Rising Popularity of Football in Pakistan Reflects Growing Interest in the Sport" 19014:"Pakistan's Karachi is world's 3rd most polluted city. Officials' solution: Masks" 18774:"Death toll rises: Over 3,200 killings in Karachi make 2013 deadliest year so far" 18031:"South Asia's largest mall, Lucky One selects LMKT to deploy GPON Solution – LMKT" 15892:"Census of India, 1891. General tables for British provinces and feudatory states" 15393: 15374: 12555:

Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups Around the World

12529:

Mohajir Militancy in Pakistan: Violence and Transformation in the Karachi Conflict

1901:

The 2010s saw another influx of hundreds of thousands of Pashtun refugees fleeing

1620: 26807: 26790: 25609: 25589: 25533: 25431: 25274: 24767: 24381: 23484: 23373: 23252: 23242: 23234: 23043: 22804: 22756: 22751: 22679: 22465: 22460: 22316: 22250: 22227: 21895: 21628: 20935: 20590: 20493: 20426: 20413: 20008:

Review of Developments in Transport in the ESCAP Region ...: Asia and the Pacific

19316: 18672:"Fair warning: KWSB installations at risk due to heavy excavation in Malir River" 16176: 16168: 16141: 16133: 16107: 16099: 16072: 16064: 16038: 16030: 16003: 15995: 15968: 15960: 15933: 15925: 15899: 15891: 15864: 15856: 15835: 15827: 15801: 15793: 15414: 15293: 14759: 14495: 12986: 12908: 11164: 10918: 10901: 10756: 10725: 8485: 8295:(1883). The classical style made a comeback in the late 19th century, as seen in 7809: 7638: 7480: 7425: 7058: 7037: 6674: 6306: 6172:

group that forms part of Karachi's educated middle class, while poorer Hindus of

6055:

influencing religious practices by encouraging reverence for Sufi saints such as

4816: 4812: 4800: 4718: 4714: 4547: 3941: 3937: 3921: 3913: 3901: 3893: 3885: 3680: 3646: 3525: 3026: 2943: 2923: 2903: 1994: 1947: 1792:

The 1970s saw a construction boom funded by remittances and investments from the

1782: 1722: 1659: 1531: 1512: 1458: 1257: 1212: 1178: 1116: 1045: 997: 856: 505: 20026:

Imagi-Nations and Borderless Television: Media, Culture and Politics Across Asia

19075:"Encroached drains, poor waste management put Karachi at risk of urban flooding" 17987: 15162:"Political and ethnic battles turn Karachi into Beirut of South Asia " Crescent" 9569: 6394:. It offers further connections to northern Pakistan and the Afghan border near 3462: 26671: 26185: 25807: 25654: 25614: 25149: 24970: 23532: 23499: 23489: 23479: 23469: 23398: 23125: 23033: 22809: 22794: 22631: 22616: 22543: 22518: 22389: 22356: 22288: 22273: 22263: 22245: 22046: 22023: 21993: 21900: 21706: 21678: 21575: 21385: 21125: 21115: 21043: 21038: 20968: 20628: 20600: 20162:

Studies in Applied Geography and Spatial Analysis: Addressing Real World Issues

17693:"Pakistan to award Karachi water supply project to Frontier Works Organisation" 16969: 16389: 11156: 10588:"2011 brings a violent and bloody year of ethnic conflict to Karachi, Pakistan" 8746: 8717: 8688: 8591: 8367: 8328: 8323:

style to demonstrate their familiarity with Western culture and their own. The

8320: 8308: 8268: 7900: 7887: 7830: 7813: 7745: 7631: 7572: 7441: 7044: 6998: 6948: 6862: 6834: 6744: 6597: 6574: 6177: 6169: 6120: 6100: 5392: 5009: 4788: 4741: 4572: 3905: 3897: 3348: 3312: 2931: 2067: 1895: 1810: 1770: 1751: 1609: 1573: 1508: 1500: 1406: 1356: 1344: 1238: 1232: 1127: 1103:

The region around Karachi has been the site of human habitation for millennia.

1061: 746: 736: 500: 150: 142: 21320: 20406: 19334: 18061: 17376: 15567: 13367:"Land contestation in Karachi and the impact on housing and urban development" 12476: 9539: 8263:

Building. Karachi acquired its first neo-Gothic or Indo-Gothic buildings when

6810:

with a mayor, a deputy mayor and 57 councillors. In 1976, the body became the

6309:. The 18 km (11 mi) Sher Shah Suri Road connects the city centre to 4674:

Karachi is home to large numbers of descendants of refugees and migrants from

26817: 26751: 26697: 26081: 26043: 24598: 24488: 24483: 23522: 23408: 23383: 23346: 23048: 22799: 22718: 22713: 22523: 22450: 22182: 22124: 22071: 21963: 21948: 21905: 21739: 21711: 21691: 21686: 21618: 21110: 21100: 21053: 20550: 18507:"Karachi ranks 115 in global crime ranking after improved security situation" 18446: 17490: 16712:"Karachi's Green Line bus will be more beautiful than Lahore metro: PM Nawaz" 15280: 15274:

http://www.thefridaytimes.com/beta2/tft/article.php?issue=20110715&page=5

13854: 13571: 13390: 12939:

World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020)

12484: 10531: 9739:

crore people) is the country's most educated, liberal and secular metropolis.

9599: 9391: 8722: 8663: 8638: 8595: 8528: 7916: 7588: 7464: 7192: 7030: 6975: 6971: 6908: 6873: 6826: 6581: 6084: 6048: 5025: 4784: 3612: 3424:

The former State Bank of Pakistan building was built during the colonial era.

3401: 3383: 3144: 3124: 3005: 2911: 2497: 2002: 1982: 1840: 1766: 1466: 1352: 1321: 1290: 1216: 846: 731: 546: 360: 347: 195: 96: 90: 21519: 20229: 17970:

Endocrine System Diseases: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional 2013

17544:"JI rejects Karachi mayor election results, announces 'black day' on Friday" 17520: 14426: 13954: 13853:. Federation of Pakistan Chambers of Commerce & Industry. Archived from 12862:. Pakistan Meteorological Department, Government of Pakistan. Archived from 11628:

Recollections of Four Years' Service in the East with H.M. Fortieth Regiment

10758:

India and China: twenty centuries of civilization interaction and vibrations

9269: 9212:"All means to be utilised to ensure fair polls: Sindh election commissioner" 9153: 8386:

features a range of tall buildings. The most prominent examples include the

7174:), of which 440 MGD are filtered/treated. Most of the supply comes from the 6774:. Additionally, Karachi's city-planning authority for undeveloped land, the 6478: 6143: 2876:

as a military garrison in the New Town to aid the British war effort in the

26718: 26603: 26355: 26124: 25899: 25871: 25442: 24811: 23903: 23691: 23494: 23429: 23351: 22842: 22746: 22698: 22689: 22601: 22591: 22586: 22558: 22553: 22480: 22331: 22222: 22177: 22172: 22149: 22114: 22106: 22033: 21940: 21930: 21925: 21915: 21852: 21822: 21802: 21759: 21658: 21643: 21638: 21033: 21028: 21023: 20673: 20663: 20658: 20076: 17854: 17053: 15993: 15053: 13408: 12699: 11160: 10316: 9899: 9396: 8579: 8489: 8447: 8124: 7947:

Karachi is home to some of Pakistan's important cultural institutions. The

7834: 7281: 7023: 7016: 6642: 6513: 6437: 6282: 6189: 6165: 5320: 4989: 4855: 4851: 4815:

migration to Karachi made Karachi one of the largest population centres of

3366: 3223: 3041:

Most of Pakistan's public and private banks are headquartered on Karachi's

3002:

Karachi's economy as the best performing metropolitan economy in Pakistan.

2955: 2939: 2881: 2840: 1978: 1959: 1880: 1624: 1544: 457: 26676: 21333: 20138:

Religion and Urbanism: Reconceptualising Sustainable Cities for South Asia

19605: 19288: 18011: 17835: 17543: 14547: 13728: 13551: 13279: 13257: 13227: 12492: 11978:

Religion and Urbanism: Reconceptualising sustainable cities for South Asia

6993:

was created, with Iftikhar Ali Shallwani serving this role. There are six

6196:. Many streets in central Karachi still retain Hindu names, especially in 905:

in the world, with a population of over 20 million. It is situated at the

26795: 26728: 26692: 26172: 25822: 25713: 25639: 24879: 23878: 23732: 23588: 23542: 23449: 23444: 23439: 22824: 22651: 22641: 22581: 22573: 22533: 22470: 22268: 22164: 22119: 21973: 21968: 21880: 21865: 21784: 21663: 21610: 21073: 20826: 20713: 20708: 20678: 20623: 20585: 20580: 20498: 20233:

Drivers of Long-Term insecurity and Instability in Pakistan: Urbanization

16955:"Pakistan International Airlines – Pakistan International Airlines – PIA" 16937:"Pakistan International Airlines – Pakistan International Airlines – PIA" 14477: 14341:"2017 census shows ratio of Urdu-speaking populace decreasing in Karachi" 10376:

Drivers of Long-Term insecurity and Instability in Pakistan: Urbanization

9677:"Visual Karachi: From Paris of Asia, to City of Lights, to Hell on Earth" 9060:"Visual Karachi: From Paris of Asia, to City of Lights, to Hell on Earth" 8865: 8771: 8515:

were recruited mainly in the 1960s, which is often regarded as the early

8115:

streets are broken at many places but are not repaired in timely manner.

8021: 7541: 7175: 6682: 6638: 6337: 6325: 6305:. The 18 km (11 mi) Shahrah-e-Pakistan connects city centre to 6298: 6217: 6205: 6185: 6128: 6040: 6032: 5017: 4831: 4753: 4730: 4683: 4652: 3471: 3330: 3241: 3165: 3148: 3136: 2951: 2915: 2071: 2043: 2038: 2021: 2013: 2009: 1990: 1986: 1951: 1925: 1415: 1317: 1170: 1158: 1135: 1120: 1112: 1049: 918: 910: 783: 112: 18896: 17958:

Issues in National, Regional, and Environmental Health and Medicine 2013

17231:. National Reconstruction Bureau, Government of Pakistan. Archived from 17205:. National Reconstruction Bureau, Government of Pakistan. Archived from 16603: 15116: 14739:. Population Census Organization, Government of Pakistan. Archived from 14574:"Karachiites lash out against census results on social media – Samaa TV" 14033:"Construction approved: Korangi Creek Industrial Park land up for grabs" 13194:"Provincial Accounts of Pakistan: Methodology and Estimates (1973-2000)" 12700:"Drivers of climate change vulnerability at different scales in Karachi" 7552:

in 1887, and the institution was granted university status in 2014. The

7262:

is an Independent Power Producer (IPP) that owns few major powerplants.

4694:. The first Muhajirs of Karachi arrived in 1946 in the aftermath of the 4386:

According to 2023 Census, with 55,396.01 residents per square kilometre

2973: 106: 26536: 26148: 25746: 25619: 25548: 25543: 25538: 25513: 25254: 24975: 23898: 23883: 23757: 23464: 22819: 22771: 22708: 22694: 22684: 22596: 22409: 22394: 22379: 22371: 22361: 22308: 22212: 22154: 21953: 21842: 21764: 21731: 21721: 20940: 20800: 20693: 20688: 20648: 20555: 20478: 20295:

Endocrine System Diseases: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional

20230:

Blank, Jonah; Clary, Christopher; Nichiporuk, Brian (30 October 2014),

19998:

West Pakistan (Pakistan). Transport Commission; Mian Anwer Ali (1970),

13880: 13422:

Bouchet, Max; Liu, Sifan; Parilla, Joseph; Kabbani, Nader (June 2018).

11794:

LOCAL AND CITY GOVERNMENT HANDBOOK – PROVINCE OF SINDH AND KARACHI CITY

11515:

The Blood-red Arab Flag: An Investigation Into Qasimi Piracy, 1797–1820

8536: 8532: 8516: 8316: 8304: 8276: 8264: 7266: 7255: 7191:

is under development at a cost of $ 876 million. It would connect

7171: 6678: 6380: 6345: 6250: 6091:. There are over 3000 mosques in Karachi, most famous of which include 6064: 6036: 5820: 5076: 4827: 4823: 4780: 4772:

heritage – a community that traces its roots to Africa.

4740:

During the period of rapid economic growth in the 1960s, large numbers

4656: 4370: 3925: 3016: 2880:. The city's development was largely confined to the area north of the 1967: 1814: 1735: 1616: 1605: 1411: 1131: 1108: 1001: 670: 156: 19906:"China's Tianjin Municipality named sister-city to Karachi, Islamabad" 15294:"UN body, police baffled by minister's threat against Afghan refugees" 14114: 11166:

Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture: Three-Volume Set

9118: 7467:(grades six through eight); high (grades nine and ten, leading to the 5540: 26484: 26469: 26453: 26413: 26403: 26215: 26190: 26014: 25905: 25817: 25766: 25756: 25718: 25687: 25489: 22972: 22786: 22674: 22636: 22611: 22422: 22341: 22336: 22278: 22258: 22086: 21754: 21653: 21083: 20723: 20142: 19875: 19721:"Pakistani Pele was a 'football encyclopaedia' | The Express Tribune" 16686:"Karachi Breeze – The Journey of Convenience Comfort and Reliability" 15428:"From South to South: Refugees as Migrants: The Rohingya in Pakistan" 13815:"INFORMALITY IN KARACHI'S LAND, MANUFACTURING, AND TRANSPORT SECTORS" 13691:"Daily Express Urdu Newspaper – Latest Pakistan News – Breaking News" 13668: 8540: 8503:, a neighbourhood in Karachi, holds an important place in Pakistan's 8440: 8391: 8379: 8292: 8201: 8033: 8025: 8013: 7757: 7753: 7210: 6687: 6654: 6650: 6578: 6368: 6310: 6278: 6088: 6072: 6060: 5816: 4835: 4679: 4678:, in southern India, who built a small replica of Hyderabad's famous 4675: 4664: 3205: 3152: 2899: 2898:. North of the historic core is the largely middle-class district of 2055: 1971: 1958:

forests grow in the brackish waters around the Karachi Harbour (see:

1786: 1364: 665: 26713: 23263: 20416:, film by an unknown British soldier, 1942–1947, Mowgli Productions. 19936:"Three Chinese towns named sister cities to Karachi, Gwadar, Multan" 19935: 19753: 19518: 19074: 18897:"98pc drop in terrorism in Karachi, NAP implementation report shows" 17124: 16911:"Turkey offers help in bringing iconic tram service back to Karachi" 16711: 15325:

Pakistan at the Crossroads: Domestic Dynamics and External Pressures

14801: 14668: 13125: 13123: 13121: 13119: 13117: 13115: 13113: 12609: 10431: 10014: 8140: 7829:

Karachi is home to Pakistan and South Asia's largest shopping mall,

6512:

system. The Metrobus project was inaugurated by then-Prime Minister

5180: 26633: 26598: 26520: 26448: 26428: 26423: 26418: 26408: 26393: 26360: 26336: 26273: 26230: 26200: 26168: 26158: 26128: 26101: 26033: 25801: 25786: 25771: 25698: 25659: 25634: 25594: 25573: 25518: 25104: 23434: 23393: 23336: 23294: 22833: 22703: 22417: 22351: 22051: 21983: 21716: 21623: 20331: 20275:

Issues in National, Regional, and Environmental Health and Medicine

18652: 18603:"Karachi: Killing, extortion decreased in 2017 – The Frontier Post" 18296: 18211:"A praiseworthy endeavour to foster children's interest in science" 17993: 17975: 17255: 17154: 17019: 15488: 13621: 13619: 13062:

Studies on Karachi: Papers Presented at the Karachi Conference 2013

12046:

Studies on Karachi: Papers Presented at the Karachi Conference 2013

9826:

Studies on Karachi: Papers Presented at the Karachi Conference 2013

9731:

Karachi, Pakistan's largest city, with a population of approx. 3.0

9676: 9059: 8347:

stone by stone, piece by piece, and completed within three months.

8343: 8252:

contain early 20th-century architecture, ranging in style from the

8099: 8095: 8069: 8037: 7991: 7932: 7784:

COVID-19 pandemic, vaccines were available in all major hospitals.

7520: 6390:

which connects the city to the historic medieval capital of Sindh,

6364: 6197: 6080: 5749: 5745: 5248: 4922: 4749: 3140: 3120: 2861: 2857: 1955: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1778: 1747: 1489: 1462: 1398: 1392: 1301:

had settled in the hamlet after fleeing droughts and tribal feuds.

1265:, built-in 1797 to defend Karachi, was captured by the British on 3 1166: 1126:

The expansive Karachi region is believed to have been known to the

1025: 898: 623: 388: 76: 23083: 20100:

Dragons and Tigers: A Geography of South, East, and Southeast Asia

9785:"Karachi's Stone Age proves history didn't start with the Muslims" 8519:

of Pakistani football. Notable players during this period include

7895:

Major landmarks in Karachi include several important museums. The

7325: 6332:(M10), which bypasses the city to connect the M-9 Motorway to the 5324: 1134:, an ancient seaport which was located at the nearby mouth of the 1040:

Modern Karachi was reputedly founded in 1729 as the settlement of

26583: 26515: 26510: 26489: 26474: 26433: 26398: 26388: 26258: 26138: 26091: 25977: 25884: 25850: 25761: 25708: 25644: 25629: 25578: 25528: 25523: 25264: 23331: 22475: 22346: 22197: 22076: 22056: 21807: 18630: 18628: 17377:"Welcome to official website of Karachi Metropolitan Corporation" 16169:"Census of India 1931. Vol. 8, Bombay. Pt. 2, Statistical tables" 14140: 13110: 11555:

British Relations with Sind, 1799–1843: An Anatomy of Imperialism

10694: 10692: 10176:"| Ministry of Finance | Government of Pakistan |" 9292:"Elevation of Karachi, Pakistan - Topographic Map - Altitude Map" 8852: 8826: 8731: 8702: 8673: 8648: 8432: 8091: 8029: 7554:

Nadirshaw Edulji Dinshaw University of Engineering and Technology

7285: 7274: 7179: 6926: 6658: 6600:

at points of intersection. Project would be operational by 2025.

6445: 6151: 6068: 5673: 5536: 5464: 4804: 4722: 4660: 3480: 3173: 2075: 1860: 1654:

were initiated to increase wheat and cotton yields. By 1924, the

1593: 1559:, Karachi's port became an important cotton-exporting port, with 1520: 1485: 1274: 1235: 1219:

administrator of Sindh, the development of coastal Sindh and the

1146: 977: 655: 20158: 17673: 17020:"Sindh govt takes away key municipal function from local bodies" 16975: 13851:"The Federation of Pakistan Chambers of Commerce & Industry" 13616: 10920:

A Physical and Economic Geography of Sind: The Lower Indus Basin

8524: 8382:, are built with the front yard protected by a high brick wall. 7068: 5468: 2910:, an expansive upscale suburb developed and administered by the 1526:

The city grew under the administration of its new Commissioner,

30:

This article is about the city in Pakistan. For other uses, see

26643: 26638: 26613: 26567: 26541: 26494: 26443: 26220: 26163: 26018: 25929: 25923: 25861: 25855: 25845: 25840: 25791: 25728: 25723: 25649: 25604: 25599: 25583: 25563: 25508: 25156: 22723: 22528: 22202: 21779: 21696: 17286:"Former UN staffer being tipped as PM's focal person for polio" 15890:

Baines, Jervoise Athelstane; India Census Commissioner (1891).

15889: 13521:"fDi's Asia-Pacific Cities of the Future 2017/18 – the winners" 12706:. International Institute for Environment and Development: 17. 12610:"Karachi jumps 22 points since last year on global crime index" 10679: 10677: 8587: 8312: 8245: 8240:

Karachi has a collection of buildings and structures of varied

7983: 7959: 7628:

Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology

7336: 7243: 7239: 7235: 7221: 6890: 6589: 6403: 6399: 6391: 6376: 6372: 6233: 6222: 6076: 6052: 6044: 4961:

is the largest mosque in Pakistan and 3rd largest in the world.

4769: 4726: 4645: 3989: 3881: 3515: 3112: 3106: 2990: 2980:

is considered as one of the richest neighbourhoods in Pakistan.

2895: 2853: 2849: 1998: 1705: 1581: 1569: 1294: 1205: 18625: 16031:"Census of India 1911. Vol. 7, Bombay. Pt. 2, Imperial tables" 14396:"TABLE 11 – POPULATION BY MOTHER TONGUE, SEX AND RURAL/ URBAN" 14371:"TABLE 11 – POPULATION BY MOTHER TONGUE, SEX AND RURAL/ URBAN" 10689: 10621:"Crime Down in Karachi, Paramilitary in Pakistan Shifts Focus" 9130: 3995: 1847:. This was followed by refugees escaping from post-revolution 1704:

Karachi became the focus for the resettlement of middle-class

1241:, mentioned a small port along the Sindh coast by the name of 26648: 26608: 26588: 26546: 26479: 26438: 26365: 26350: 26305: 26248: 26153: 25889: 25812: 25781: 25751: 25703: 25677: 25669: 25568: 25558: 23007: 21749: 21744: 20483: 20369: 19225:"Culture department takes notice of Freemason Lodge Building" 18923:"Karachi property prices soar after Pakistan crime crackdown" 18837:"Karachi property prices soar after Pakistan crime crackdown" 18180:"10 Stunning Contemporary Art Galleries in Karachi, Pakistan" 18150:"Bahria Town ICON – Bahria Town – Your Lifestyle Destination" 18017: 16689: 16134:"Census of India 1931. Vol. 1, India. Pt. 2, Imperial tables" 15731:

Cityscapes of Violence in Karachi: Publics and Counterpublics

15026:

The Making of Exile: Sindhi Hindus and the Partition of India

15001:

THE MAKING OF EXILE: SINDHI HINDUS AND THE PARTITION OF INDIA

14634:"After PPP and PSP, MQM-Pakistan rejects census 2017 results" 14432: 13690: 12391:

Cityscapes of Violence in Karachi: Publics and Counterpublics

11743:"Celebrating Karachi's Goan connection | The Express Tribune" 9732: 8860: 8847: 8500: 8436: 8009: 7259: 7254:

The one and only electricity providing company in Karachi is

7224:

self-organized to set-up their own sewerage system under the

6193: 5176: 5021: 5013: 5001: 4894: 3985: 2947: 2927: 2047: 1921: 1883:

in India by a group of Hindu nationalists earlier that year.

1758: 1727: 1651: 1552: 1540: 1507:

captured the rest of Sindh following his victory against the

1228: 1201: 1197: 1162: 1048:. The new settlement is said to have been named in honour of 953: 890: 834: 831: 408: 191: 19179: 17654:. SOCIAL POLICY AND DEVELOPMENT CENTRE. 2016. Archived from 15375:"An Afghan Tragedy: The Pashtuns, the Taliban and the State" 15354: 14717: 10674: 7528:

is one of Karachi's oldest universities and dates from 1887.

6763:, and include some of Karachi's most desirable real-estate. 5396: 2016:, with the Lyari shore being the site of the settlement for 1738:

in 1958. While foreign embassies shifted away from Karachi,

1477:

as a military garrison to aid the British war effort in the

26723: 25043: 23537: 20332:

Aslam Uqaili, Mohammad; Harijan, Khanji (14 October 2011),

17316:"Sindh back to 5 divisions after 11 years – Pakistan Today" 16962: 16768:"Supreme Court gives four more months to overhaul railways" 16570:"In Karachi, 16,562 more vehicles hit the roads each month" 15994:

Edward Albert Gait, Sir; India Census Commissioner (1911).

14062: 11606: 10731:

Silk, Slaves, and Stupas: Material Culture of the Silk Road

9970: 9968: 9625: 9623: 9621: 9619: 9617: 9423: 8834: 8821: 8599: 8559:

in 2007, which attracted capacity crowds during the games.

8060:. In 2015, 1,040 Karachiites were killed in either acts of 8028:. The homicide rates in some Latin American cities such as 7598:

Karachi is also home to numerous private universities. The

7289: 4859: 4844: 4343: 4326: 4309: 4292: 4275: 4258: 4241: 4224: 4207: 4190: 4173: 4156: 4139: 4122: 4105: 4088: 4071: 4054: 4037: 4018: 3505: 3054: 2005:, and have a maximum elevation of 528 metres (1,732 feet). 1848: 1718: 1325: 1316:

The new settlement is said to have been named in honour of

837: 822: 20431: 19606:"Lyari kids impress at 'Inclusion in Football Tournament'" 19578: 18597: 18595: 18359:"All Pakistan Music Conference | Established in 1959" 18240: 18119:"62-storey Bahria Town Icon reaches structural completion" 14427:

Jonah Blank, Christopher Clary & Brian Nichiporuk 2014

14193:"Karachi contributing 70% of federal tax revenue – a myth" 14165: 13721:"World Bank report: Karachi termed most business-friendly" 12698:

Hasan, Arif; Pervaiz, Arif; Raza, Mansoor (January 2017).

11712: 11710: 11708: 11706: 11704: 9008: 8578:, DA Country & Golf Club. The city has facilities for 7679:

Institute of Cost & Management Accountants of Pakistan

7315: 2839:, as captured from the southern vantage point overlooking 2810:

Source 2: Weather Atlas, and Karachi Extremes (1931–2018)

1993:, which lie in the northwest and act as a barrier between 1363:

in 1797, which was used to protect Karachi's Harbour from

20399: 20041: 19309: 17999: 17762:"Fed up with no sewers, Pakistan's slum residents go DIY" 16656:"Karachi-Peshawar railway line being upgraded under CPEC" 16166: 16097: 16028: 15998:. Calcutta, Supt. Govt. Print., India, 1913. p. 23. 15958: 15791: 14802:"Census commissioner rejects political parties' concerns" 13191: 11094:. Houston Karachi Sister City Association. Archived from 10175: 9510:"Karachi Population in Digital Census rises above 20 mln" 9482: 9243: 9124: 8839: 7001:, and are some of Karachi's most upscale neighbourhoods. 6204:(formerly Ram Bagh), and Ramswami. Many Mandirs exist in 5677: 4830:

have also settled in the city. Domestic workers from the

3912:

speakers, and 943,165 speakers of other languagessuch as

1977:

Karachi lies very close to a major fault line, where the

1689:

At the dawn of independence following the success of the

795: 777: 19044:"Govt to revive Karachi's three sewage treatment plants" 18804:"52,552 Karachiites fell victim to street crime in 2016" 17719:"Ist phase of K-IV project to be completed in June: Gov" 16626:"Railways to upgrade waiting halls at 16 major stations" 16310:"Pakistan – International Religious Freedom Report 2008" 14010: 13877:"Full Service Interactive Agency – MAGSNET LIMITED" 13642: 12827:"Pakistan's Most Terrifying Adversary Is Climate Change" 10369: 10367: 9965: 9614: 8050: 7923:

has also been preserved as a museum open to the public.

7911:

and the country's first interactive science centre, the

6424:

Karachi is linked by rail to the rest of the country by

2001:. Karachi's hills are barren and are part of the larger 1839:

The 1980s and 1990s saw an influx of almost one million

1765:

were built in Karachi during this period, including the

1596:. Public building works were undertaken at this time in 1252: 1064:

report from 1742 about a shipwreck near the settlement.

20159:

Stimson, Robert; Haynes, Kingsley E. (1 January 2012),

19978: