271:, where the maternal circulation provides for the nutritional needs. Distinguishing between the definitions of oviparity and ovuliparity necessarily reduces the number of species whose modes of reproduction are classified as oviparous, as they no longer include the ovuliparous species such as most fish, most frogs and many invertebrates. Such classifications are largely for convenience and as such can be important in practice, but speaking loosely in contexts in which the distinction is not relevant, it is common to lump both categories together as just "oviparous".
20:
1589:
952:
1601:
214:
or whether she actively or passively picks it up — the female lays eggs containing zygotes with a substantial quantity of yolk to feed the embryo while it remains in the egg, and in many species to feed it for some time afterwards. The egg is not retained in the body for most of the period of
99:
is a special form of oviparity where the eggs are retained inside the mother (but still metabolically independent), and are carried internally until they hatch and eventually emerge outside as well-developed juveniles similar to viviparous animals.
122:
traditionally including any mechanism where young are born live, or where the development of the young is supported by either parent in or on any part of their body.
389:
129:
recently divided the traditional category of oviparous reproduction into two modes that are distinguished on the basis of the relationship between the
760:
755:
382:
745:
114:
The traditional modes of reproduction include oviparity, taken to be the ancestral condition, traditionally where either unfertilised
81:
with little or no embryonic development within the mother. This is the reproductive method used by most animal species, as opposed to
160:
to support the growth and activity of the embryo after fertilization, and sometimes for some time after hatching as well. Among the
156:
in proximity to the eggs. In whichever form they are laid, the eggs of most ovuliparous species contain a substantial quantity of
148:, is taken to be the ancestral condition as a rule; the eggs that the female releases into the environment contain unfertilised
634:
375:
905:
361:
85:
animals that develop the embryos internally and metabolically dependent on the maternal circulation, until the mother gives
1627:
251:
In all but special cases of both ovuliparity and oviparity, the overwhelming source of nourishment for the embryo is the
644:
1090:
619:
1542:
1032:
826:
898:
813:
604:
1459:
1344:
821:
355:
1537:
1006:
991:
973:
968:
654:
203:
145:
215:
development of the embryo within the egg, which is the main distinction between oviparity and
1605:
1150:
1027:
922:
914:
867:
862:
703:
532:
109:
16:
Animals that lay their eggs, with little or no other embryonic development within the mother
1492:
891:
857:
207:
367:
8:
707:
624:
595:
256:
90:
1487:
1314:
1170:
1160:
1108:
1083:
793:
583:
545:
402:
211:
951:
1547:
1291:
1052:
649:
614:
563:
351:
314:
71:
428:
306:
1632:
1419:
1246:
1201:
1155:
1127:
456:
410:
310:
59:
51:
331:
126:
1557:
1507:
1477:
1429:
1349:
1037:
540:
461:
260:
189:
56:
1502:
1621:
1593:
1517:
1467:
1324:
1236:
1076:
983:
960:
941:
803:
498:
448:
216:
141:
96:
19:
1434:
1394:
1384:
1319:
1306:
1164:
1022:
996:
676:
659:
590:
550:
466:
438:
423:
318:
297:
Lode, Thierry (2012). "Oviparity or viviparity? That is the question ...".
1574:
1569:
1564:
1399:
1389:
1354:
1339:
1334:
1256:
1186:
1057:
1042:
852:
847:
578:
268:
883:
338:(Reproduction Strategies in Animal Kingdom). Eds. Dunod Sciences. Paris.
1512:
1482:
1472:
1439:
1424:
1329:
1142:
935:
872:
842:
735:
696:
691:
671:
398:
181:
177:
161:
119:
82:
39:
1444:
1414:
1364:
1282:
1251:
1241:
1211:
1132:
1001:
798:
788:
765:
712:
609:
599:
510:
483:
471:
433:
236:
228:
169:
78:
74:
35:
1522:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1287:
1191:
1122:
730:
686:
681:
558:
515:
503:
488:
418:
252:
244:
173:
1552:
1532:
1449:
1296:
1226:
1216:
1047:
770:
666:
240:
224:
185:
1527:
1497:
1404:
1359:
1261:
1206:
1196:
780:
570:
520:
493:
263:). Offspring that depend on yolk in this manner are said to be
232:
192:
149:
130:
115:
67:
42:
31:
1221:
476:
153:
86:
1277:
397:
220:
165:
157:
1409:
1099:
722:
267:, which literally means "feeding on yolk"; as opposed to
206:, is taken to be the derived condition, whether the male
63:
1068:
255:
stored in the yolk, pre-deposited in the egg by the
1619:
1084:
899:
383:
152:, and the male fertilizes them by releasing
1091:
1077:
906:
892:
390:
376:
336:Les stratégies de reproduction des animaux
292:
290:
288:
286:
284:
913:
354:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
103:
18:
281:
1620:
23:Eggs of various animals (mainly birds)
1072:
887:
761:Hypothalamic–pituitary–prolactin axis
371:
1600:
296:
118:or fertilised eggs are spawned, and
756:Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis
13:
133:(fertilised egg) and the parents:
14:
1644:
345:
1599:
1588:
1587:
950:
55:) in metabolically independent
325:
164:, ovuliparity is common among
1:
274:
311:10.1016/j.repbio.2012.09.001
202:, in which fertilization is
7:
938:(Histotrophic, Hemotrophic)
45:outside the body (known as
10:
1649:
1628:Animal reproductive system
1033:Live-bearing aquarium fish
746:Reproductive endocrinology
219:. Oviparity occurs in all
107:
1583:
1458:
1305:
1270:
1179:
1141:
1115:
1106:
1015:
982:
959:
948:
921:
835:
814:Human reproductive system
812:
779:
744:
721:
633:
531:
447:
409:
247:) are uniquely oviparous.
1098:
356:Medical Subject Headings
227:, some fishes, and most
362:Oviparity – an overview
172:. It also occurs among
125:However, the biologist
974:Internal fertilization
969:External fertilization
836:Diseases and disorders
645:Sexual differentiation
24:
1028:Gastric-brooding frog
915:Modes of reproduction
868:Premature ejaculation
863:Hard flaccid syndrome
533:Human sexual activity
110:Modes of reproduction
104:Modes of reproduction
22:
1493:Egg drop competition
997:fish (mouthbrooding)
858:Erectile dysfunction
364:at sciencedirect.com
299:Reproductive Biology
66:, which nurture the
637:reproductive system
625:Vaginal lubrication
403:sexual reproduction
259:of the mother (the
257:reproductive system
1488:Egg-and-spoon race
1315:List of egg dishes
1128:Fish and amphibian
1109:List of egg topics
635:Development of the
546:Sexual intercourse
188:and several other
25:
1615:
1614:
1548:Ovo vegetarianism
1066:
1065:
1053:Pregnancy in fish
881:
880:
650:Sexual dimorphism
615:Postpartum period
239:(four species of
208:injects the sperm
28:Oviparous animals
1640:
1603:
1602:
1591:
1590:
1345:Custard desserts
1093:
1086:
1079:
1070:
1069:
954:
908:
901:
894:
885:
884:
620:Mechanics of sex
429:Follicular phase
399:Human physiology
392:
385:
378:
369:
368:
339:
329:
323:
322:
294:
210:into the female
1648:
1647:
1643:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1579:
1454:
1301:
1266:
1202:Ichthyoplankton
1175:
1137:
1111:
1102:
1097:
1067:
1062:
1011:
978:
955:
946:
917:
912:
882:
877:
831:
808:
775:
748:and infertility
747:
740:
717:
636:
629:
527:
457:Spermatogenesis
443:
411:Menstrual cycle
405:
396:
348:
343:
342:
330:
326:
295:
282:
277:
112:
106:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1646:
1636:
1635:
1630:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1609:
1597:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1561:
1560:
1558:Vegreville egg
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1464:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1311:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1299:
1294:
1285:
1280:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1158:
1153:
1147:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1112:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1096:
1095:
1088:
1081:
1073:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1038:Male pregnancy
1035:
1030:
1025:
1019:
1017:
1016:Related topics
1013:
1012:
1010:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
988:
986:
980:
979:
977:
976:
971:
965:
963:
957:
956:
949:
947:
945:
944:
939:
933:
927:
925:
919:
918:
911:
910:
903:
896:
888:
879:
878:
876:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
839:
837:
833:
832:
830:
829:
824:
818:
816:
810:
809:
807:
806:
801:
796:
791:
785:
783:
777:
776:
774:
773:
768:
763:
758:
752:
750:
742:
741:
739:
738:
733:
727:
725:
719:
718:
716:
715:
710:
701:
700:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
664:
663:
662:
657:
652:
641:
639:
631:
630:
628:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
593:
588:
587:
586:
581:
573:
568:
567:
566:
561:
553:
548:
543:
541:Sexual arousal
537:
535:
529:
528:
526:
525:
524:
523:
518:
508:
507:
506:
501:
496:
491:
481:
480:
479:
474:
469:
464:
462:spermatogonium
453:
451:
445:
444:
442:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
415:
413:
407:
406:
395:
394:
387:
380:
372:
366:
365:
359:
347:
346:External links
344:
341:
340:
324:
279:
278:
276:
273:
265:lecithotrophic
261:vitellogenesis
249:
248:
212:intromittently
196:
190:aquatic animal
108:Main article:
105:
102:
38:by depositing
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1645:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1608:
1607:
1598:
1596:
1595:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1543:Organizations
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1518:Humpty Dumpty
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1269:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1237:Ovoviviparity
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1143:Fossil record
1140:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1105:
1101:
1094:
1089:
1087:
1082:
1080:
1075:
1074:
1071:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
989:
987:
985:
984:Parental care
981:
975:
972:
970:
967:
966:
964:
962:
961:Fertilization
958:
953:
943:
942:Ovoviviparity
940:
937:
934:
932:
929:
928:
926:
924:
920:
916:
909:
904:
902:
897:
895:
890:
889:
886:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
840:
838:
834:
828:
825:
823:
820:
819:
817:
815:
811:
805:
804:Breastfeeding
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
786:
784:
782:
778:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
753:
751:
749:
743:
737:
734:
732:
729:
728:
726:
724:
720:
714:
711:
709:
705:
702:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
669:
668:
665:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
647:
646:
643:
642:
640:
638:
632:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
597:
596:Fertilization
594:
592:
589:
585:
582:
580:
577:
576:
574:
572:
569:
565:
562:
560:
557:
556:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
538:
536:
534:
530:
522:
519:
517:
514:
513:
512:
509:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
486:
485:
482:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
459:
458:
455:
454:
452:
450:
449:Gametogenesis
446:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
416:
414:
412:
408:
404:
400:
393:
388:
386:
381:
379:
374:
373:
370:
363:
360:
357:
353:
350:
349:
337:
333:
328:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
293:
291:
289:
287:
285:
280:
272:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
217:ovoviviparity
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
194:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
142:fertilization
139:
136:
135:
134:
132:
128:
123:
121:
117:
111:
101:
98:
97:Ovoviviparity
94:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
73:
69:
65:
61:
58:
54:
53:
48:
44:
41:
37:
33:
29:
21:
1604:
1592:
1385:Onsen tamago
1231:
1023:Adelphophagy
930:
708:Paternal age
704:Maternal age
677:Tanner scale
660:Virilization
655:Feminization
605:Implantation
591:Insemination
575:Ejaculation
551:Masturbation
467:spermatocyte
439:Luteal phase
424:Menstruation
335:
332:Thierry Lodé
327:
302:
298:
264:
250:
199:
137:
127:Thierry Lodé
124:
113:
95:
50:
46:
27:
26:
1503:Fabergé egg
1058:Trophic egg
1043:Matrotrophy
853:Dyspareunia
848:Dysorgasmia
794:Development
305:: 259–264.
269:matrotrophy
182:echinoderms
178:ctenophores
162:vertebrates
140:, in which
138:Ovuliparity
1622:Categories
1513:HowToBasic
1508:Free range
1483:Easter egg
1478:Decorating
1460:In culture
1350:Deep fried
1271:Components
1151:Cephalopod
936:Viviparity
873:Vaginismus
843:Anorgasmia
697:Adrenarche
692:Spermarche
672:Gonadarche
275:References
243:, and the
237:monotremes
229:arthropods
174:cnidarians
170:amphibians
120:viviparity
83:viviparous
79:hatchlings
75:offsprings
57:incubation
40:fertilized
1468:Balancing
1430:Scrambled
1242:Ovulation
1232:Oviparity
1212:Oogenesis
1171:Pathology
1133:Monotreme
931:Oviparity
799:Lactation
789:Thelarche
766:Andrology
713:Menopause
610:Pregnancy
600:Fertility
555:Erection
511:Germ cell
484:Oogenesis
472:spermatid
434:Ovulation
352:Oviparity
253:nutrients
200:oviparity
168:and most
91:juveniles
77:known as
62:known as
36:reproduce
1594:Category
1395:Powdered
1380:Omelette
1375:Meringue
1325:Benedict
1292:membrane
1192:Egg cell
1165:dinosaur
736:Vivipary
706: /
687:Menarche
682:Pubarche
564:Clitoral
516:gonocyte
489:oogonium
419:Menarche
334:(2001).
319:23153695
245:platypus
231:. Among
225:reptiles
204:internal
195:as well.
186:molluscs
146:external
89:to live
52:spawning
1606:Commons
1575:Tossing
1570:Tapping
1565:Rolling
1553:Pysanka
1538:Organic
1533:Oomancy
1445:Soufflé
1435:Shirred
1400:Pickled
1390:Poached
1355:Deviled
1340:Coddled
1335:Century
1307:As food
1297:Chalaza
1257:Trophic
1227:Oviduct
1217:Ootheca
1187:Allergy
1180:Biology
1161:Reptile
1048:Oophagy
1007:mammals
771:Hormone
667:Puberty
241:echidna
233:mammals
223:, most
198:(True)
150:oocytes
116:oocytes
43:zygotes
32:animals
1633:Oology
1528:Oology
1498:Egging
1473:Carton
1440:Smoked
1425:Scotch
1420:Salted
1405:Quiche
1360:Eggnog
1330:Boiled
1262:Zygote
1207:Oogamy
1197:Embryo
1002:humans
827:Female
781:Breast
584:Female
571:Orgasm
559:Penile
521:gamete
494:oocyte
358:(MeSH)
317:
166:fishes
154:sperms
131:zygote
72:moving
68:embryo
60:organs
47:laying
1415:Salad
1365:Fried
1320:Balut
1288:Shell
1283:White
1252:Tooth
1247:Spawn
1222:Ovary
1116:Types
992:birds
923:Modes
499:ootid
477:sperm
221:birds
193:phyla
87:birth
70:into
34:that
1523:Hunt
1370:Iron
1290:and
1278:Yolk
1156:Fish
1123:Bird
1100:Eggs
822:Male
731:Ovum
579:Male
504:ovum
315:PMID
158:yolk
64:eggs
30:are
1450:Tea
1410:Roe
723:Egg
401:of
307:doi
144:is
49:or
1624::
598:/
313:.
303:12
301:.
283:^
235:,
184:,
180:,
176:,
93:.
1167:)
1163:(
1092:e
1085:t
1078:v
907:e
900:t
893:v
391:e
384:t
377:v
321:.
309::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
