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222:, and in the 18th century in porcelain, and there appears to have been some influence in both directions between Asia and Europe. From about 1770 to the mid 20th century it was the dominant decorative technique in expensive pottery, mostly porcelain, made in Europe, East Asia, and (to a lesser extent) North America.
257:
the design isolates the objects from the flames producing the heat (with electricity this is not so important). For historical overglaze enamels the kiln was generally far smaller than that for the main firing, and produced firing temperatures in the approximate range of 750 to 950 °C, depending on
236:
Today overglaze decoration is much less commonly used, other than in traditionalist wares, as the range of colours available in underglaze has greatly expanded. Overglazes called "lusters" are still used for achieving special effects, such as
79:. It is often described as producing "enamelled" decoration. The colours fuse on to the glaze, so the decoration becomes durable. This decorative firing is usually done at a lower temperature which allows for a more varied and vivid
125:
is very similar but on glass. Both these latter two are essentially painting techniques, and have been since they began. In contrast, on metal painting in enamel arrived very late, long after techniques such as
203:
group of palettes. Some techniques use thin metal leaf, including mina'i ware as well as the more usual pigments, which are typically applied in a liquid or paste form, painted by brush, or using
114:, combine the two types of decoration. In such cases the first firing for the body, underglaze decoration and glaze is followed by the second firing after the overglaze enamels have been applied.
336:
Glazes — for the Self-Reliant Potter: A Publication of
Deutsches Zentrum für Entwicklungstechnologien — GATE. A division of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH
83:, using pigments which will not colour correctly at the high temperature necessary to fire the porcelain body. Historically, a relatively narrow range of colours could be achieved with
215:
style, and other
Japanese styles, used the technique from at least the second half of the 17th century. The technique was also developing in Europe, firstly in what the French called
169:
199:
following within a century, though it did not become predominant until later, and the full possibilities were not realized until the 17th and 18th centuries in the
636:
37:
bowl with couple in a garden, around 1200. These
Persian wares are very slightly earlier than the first Chinese use of overglaze enamels. Diameter 18.8 cm.
1301:
894:
796:
781:
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180:
of c. 1325 BC. Enamel was also used to decorate glass by the time of the Roman Empire. Applied to pottery, it is first seen in
Persian
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806:
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from the late 12th century, using a group of seven main colours. Presumably the potters learnt the technique from glassmakers.
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The
Beginner's Guide to Decorating Pottery: An Introduction to Glazes, Patterns, Inlay, Luster, and Dimensional Designs
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918:
615:
200:
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the colours used. Typically, wares were fired for between five and twelve hours and then cooled over twelve hours.
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The technique essentially uses powdered glass mixed with coloured pigments, and is the application of
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The kiln used for the second firing is usually called a muffle kiln in Europe; like other types of
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Enamel was used in jewellery, applied to metal, from very early on - there are examples in the
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surface, and then fixed in a second firing at a relatively low temperature, often in a
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background. 15 3/8 Ă— 12 1/4 Ă— 8 3/4 inches, 22 lb. (39.1 Ă— 31.1 Ă— 22.2 cm, 10 kg).
225:
In 18th-century
England, where the technique was developed, the earliest forms of
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290:, eds. Katharine Baetjer, James David Draper, 1999, Metropolitan Museum of Art,
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overglazes or metallic look of overglazes made with metal (eg. gold) particles.
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decoration, where the coloured pattern is applied before glazing, notably the
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plate with floral design, Arita, Japan, late 17th century, Edo period.
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Only the Best: Masterpieces of the
Calouste Gulbenkian Museum, Lisbon
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978:
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413:, Volume 5, Part 12, 2004, Cambridge University Press,
339:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 96.
229:on pottery, for example by Sadler & Green in
1358:
640:Ming plate 15th century Jingdezhen kilns Jiangxi
434:Watson, Oliver, "Pottery under the Mongols" in
1341:
468:
431:, 1991, British Museum Press, 9780714114705
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195:from as early as the 13th century, with
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40:
29:
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14:
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807:Chinese porcelain in European painting
63:decoration, is a method of decorating
515:Chinese influences on Islamic pottery
456:
401:The Country Life Pocket Book of China
1296:
98:Many historical styles, for example
438:, 2012, BRILL, Ed. Linda Komaroff,
314:Vainker, 117, 119, 181–182, 188-189
24:
1171:Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus
643:
635:
170:different version, different angle
25:
1383:
616:Famille jaune, noire, rose, verte
436:Beyond the Legacy of Genghis Khan
411:Science and Civilisation in China
201:famille jaune, noire, rose, verte
1300:
1230:Kuskovo State Museum of Ceramics
648:Meissen hard porcelain vase 1735
360:Reinhardt, Emily (2023-09-05).
248:
380:
353:
333:Norsker, Henrik (2013-11-21).
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317:
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274:Vainker, 188–189, 192–193, 195
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187:Slightly later it appeared in
13:
1:
1236:Sèvres – Cité de la céramique
1181:François Xavier d'Entrecolles
482:
429:Chinese Pottery and Porcelain
393:
164:, gold anchor, c. 1765, with
1367:Ceramic art and design stubs
1320:. You can help Knowledge by
1218:Dresden Porcelain Collection
366:. Quarry Books. p. 42.
27:Method of decorating pottery
7:
1372:Types of pottery decoration
10:
1388:
1295:
1260:Victoria and Albert Museum
148:
1266:Museum of Royal Worcester
1242:Musée des Arts Décoratifs
1207:Percival David Foundation
1201:British Museum (London):
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736:
729:
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675:Japanese export porcelain
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158:Chelsea porcelain factory
1176:Johann Friedrich Böttger
510:Chinese export porcelain
403:, 1965, Country Life Ltd
261:
93:blue and white porcelain
1316:-related article is a
649:
641:
173:
49:
38:
647:
639:
156:
145:" and similar terms.
44:
33:
1212:The David Collection
1135:Overglaze decoration
1125:Hard-paste porcelain
1120:Soft-paste porcelain
57:overglaze enamelling
53:Overglaze decoration
1069:Bing & Grøndahl
1033:Dihl & Guérhard
931:Villeroy & Boch
399:Hughes, G Bernard,
178:Tomb of Tutankhamun
1278:Ludwigsburg Palace
1272:Walters Art Museum
670:Japanese porcelain
650:
642:
540:(16th century BCE)
174:
81:palette of colours
50:
39:
1329:
1328:
1287:
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1186:Dmitry Vinogradov
1108:
1107:
1081:Wagner & Apel
797:List of companies
776:
775:
725:
724:
631:
630:
588:(14th century on)
582:(14th century on)
576:(11th century on)
505:Chinese porcelain
446:, 9789004243408,
421:, 9780521838337,
373:978-0-7603-8139-7
346:978-3-663-06865-5
298:, 9780870999260,
227:transfer printing
209:transfer printing
139:Chinese porcelain
16:(Redirected from
1379:
1350:
1343:
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895:Saint Petersburg
802:French porcelain
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744:Korean porcelain
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323:Vainker, 202-207
321:
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286:, "Gulbenkian",
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197:use on porcelain
193:Cizhou stoneware
189:Chinese ceramics
162:The Music Lesson
21:
18:Overglaze enamel
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1224:Gardiner Museum
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255:muffle furnaces
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243:mother-of-pearl
211:. The Japanese
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123:enamelled glass
119:vitreous enamel
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812:Armorial ware
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558:(6th century)
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538:Proto-celadon
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520:Fonthill Vase
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386:Hughes, 34-35
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67:, most often
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36:
32:
19:
1322:expanding it
1307:
1292:
1289:
1214:(Copenhagen)
1150:Factory mark
1134:
1113:Technologies
1021:Clignancourt
448:google books
435:
428:
423:google books
410:
400:
382:
362:
355:
335:
328:
319:
310:
300:google books
287:
284:Needham, 618
279:
270:
252:
249:Muffle kilns
235:
224:
216:
186:
175:
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136:
121:to pottery;
116:
97:
60:
56:
52:
51:
1310:ceramic art
1274:(Baltimore)
1268:(Worcester)
1195:Collections
961:Ludwigsburg
943:Frankenthal
919:Nymphenburg
913:FĂĽrstenberg
889:Capodimonte
841:Saint-Cloud
304:Watson, 326
239:iridescence
182:mina'i ware
143:the biscuit
100:mina'i ware
77:muffle kiln
35:Mina'i ware
1361:Categories
1256:(Istanbul)
1130:Bone china
1015:Copenhagen
1009:Loosdrecht
991:Wallendorf
574:Jingdezhen
444:9004243402
419:0521838339
394:References
296:0870999265
106:, Chinese
104:Imari ware
85:underglaze
1250:(Beijing)
1226:(Toronto)
1220:(Dresden)
1093:Porsgrund
1087:Rosenthal
1027:Hollóháza
937:Worcester
877:Vincennes
865:Chantilly
859:Rörstrand
702:Nabeshima
484:Porcelain
231:Liverpool
217:petit feu
132:champlevé
128:cloisonné
69:porcelain
1262:(London)
1232:(Moscow)
1166:Chinamen
1099:Augarten
979:Wedgwood
925:Plymouth
790:General:
737:General:
707:Kakiemon
663:General:
498:General:
213:kakiemon
205:stencils
91:blue of
61:on-glaze
1244:(Paris)
1238:(Paris)
1145:Biscuit
1075:Zsolnay
1051:Doulton
1039:Mintons
1003:Limoges
901:Mennecy
883:Chelsea
847:Meissen
568:Qingbai
544:Celadon
220:faience
149:History
65:pottery
1314:design
1159:People
1101:(1923)
1095:(1885)
1089:(1879)
1083:(1877)
1077:(1853)
1071:(1853)
1065:(1826)
1063:Herend
1059:(1822)
1057:Lichte
1053:(1815)
1047:(1814)
1041:(1793)
1035:(1781)
1029:(1777)
1023:(1775)
1017:(1775)
1011:(1774)
1005:(1771)
999:(1768)
993:(1764)
987:(1763)
985:Berlin
981:(1759)
975:(1760)
973:Retiro
969:(1759)
963:(1758)
957:(1757)
951:(1756)
949:Sèvres
945:(1755)
939:(1751)
933:(1748)
927:(1748)
921:(1747)
915:(1747)
909:(1747)
903:(1745)
897:(1744)
891:(1743)
885:(1743)
879:(1740)
873:(1735)
871:Doccia
867:(1730)
861:(1726)
855:(1718)
853:Vienna
849:(1710)
843:(1693)
837:(1673)
831:(1575)
829:Medici
822:Types:
782:Europe
767:Joseon
761:Goryeo
754:Types:
717:Hirado
712:Kutani
685:Types:
622:Canton
610:Kangxi
604:Tianqi
598:Swatow
531:Types:
522:(1338)
442:
417:
409:(ed),
370:
343:
302:, and
294:
166:bocage
110:, and
108:doucai
89:cobalt
73:glazed
1308:This
997:Revol
967:Weesp
955:Derby
835:Rouen
730:Korea
697:Imari
692:Arita
656:Japan
592:Kraak
491:China
262:Notes
112:wucai
59:, or
1318:stub
1312:and
562:Ding
556:Xing
440:ISBN
415:ISBN
368:ISBN
341:ISBN
292:ISBN
907:Bow
550:Yue
241:of
207:or
191:in
137:In
95:.
1363::
1205:/
160:,
102:,
55:,
1349:e
1342:t
1335:v
1324:.
476:e
469:t
462:v
376:.
349:.
172:.
20:)
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