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skills of the students as a measure of improvement, where critical thinking was defined to be, "the process of purposeful self-regulatory judgment and decision making". The problem solving capabilities included the ability of students to interpret, to analyze, to evaluate, to infer, to explain and to self-regulate. Researchers found that both 9th and 12th graders scored higher than the control groups in critical thinking by a significant amount. Using the
Environment as an Integrating Context for learning (EIC) is the foundation of a substantial report which found benefits in learning outside the classroom on standardized measures of academic achievement in reading, writing, math, science, and social studies; reduced discipline problems; and increased enthusiasm for learning and pride in accomplishments.
633:(students aged 16–18), the theme is “Sustainable development”. Students are encouraged to pursue a sustainable lifestyle, to take action for sustainable development, and to examine the challenges of SD. Some vocational institutes offer secondary lever degree in Nature and Environmental Studies focusing mainly to tourism and experience industries. Humak University of Applied Sciences offers a bachelor's degree in Adventure and Outdoor Education in its English language programme focusing on the technical skills for the adventure sports and pedagogy, tourism and entrepreneurship. Annually 20 students are taken in to the programme. In addition Humak University of Applied Sciences offers updating education for teachers and persons active in adventure sports in their Open University of Applied Sciences.
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work in schools, private organizations or various outdoor education centres in either country. Outdoor
Education is mandated as part of the New Zealand Health and Physical Education as one of the 7 key areas of learning. The Australian Curriculum Assessment and Reporting Authority with support from Outdoor Education Australia has developed curriculum documents to support schools to conduct outdoor education throughout the country primarily through the learning areas of Science, Health and Physical Education and Humanities.
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outdoor environment, over half of the children who in the classroom were perceived to be 'underachieving' appeared to behave differently" (p. 221). Their work aims to support the notion that the more natural outdoor spaces in which child-initiated activities take place both directly and indirectly diminish the perception of underachievement. This is important because a number of studies have shown that expectations based on perception of students is important for student learning.
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She cites a comment by Will Nixon, who reminds readers that 'Using the real world is the way learning has happened for 99.9% of human existence. Only in the last hundred years have we put it into a little box called a classroom.'. Tallent also refers to evidence from a number of studies that the most effective way of learning is through participation, and calls on educators to make a special effort to create opportunities for children to participate in their learning.
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109:. The term 'outdoor education', however, is used broadly to refer to a range of organized activities that take place in a variety of ways in predominantly outdoor environments. Common definitions of outdoor education are difficult to achieve because interpretations vary according to culture, philosophy, and local conditions.
580:, whilst other countries treat outdoor education and environmental education as distinct. Modern forms of outdoor education are most prevalent in the UK, US, Australia, New Zealand, Europe and to some extent Asia and Africa. Many outdoor Education programs were cancelled in 2020 due to the COVID-19 Pandemic.
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At
Finnish schools, the term “outdoor education” represents teaching and learning that takes place outside the classroom with the aim to achieve goals in the National core curriculum for basic education as and in the National core curriculum for upper secondary schools. In the upper secondary schools
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One view is that participants are at their "rawest" level when outdoors because they are "stripped" of many of the conveniences of modern life. Participants can become more aware that they are part of a greater ecosystem and are not as bound by social customs and norms. In essence participants can be
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movement. The first Latin country member of this network. Honnor president : SAS Prince Albert of Monaco. In 1994 was founded two bodies : Association
Apprendre par l'expérience (youth), and SARL Expérientiel (corporate). From 2008, Alain Kerjean develops Outdoor Education for universities
623:
Denmark is known as one of the more environmentally conscious countries in the developed world. One of the ways in which this presents itself, is through the forest school system that exists there. Children are taught in the woods using nature and animals to learn about basic environmental education
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Throughout
Australia & New Zealand many school students undertake outdoor / outdoor and environmental education. Aust / NZ have several outdoor education degrees and vocational outdoor recreation programs. Once teachers and outdoor leaders have completed their studies, many have opportunities to
201:
Linda
Tallent, a UK-based educational consultant who has worked extensively with schools to develop their outdoor spaces into learning environments, agrees. She believes that by focusing on activities and skill development, it is possible to develop an outdoor learning curriculum on a 'shoe string'.
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studies indicated a positive overall effect of adventure education programs on outcomes such as self-concept, leadership, and communication skills. This study also indicated that there appeared to be ongoing positive effects. The largest empirical study of the effects of outdoor education programs
185:
affecting many activities with children in his book "No Fear". Another obstacle is the perceived high cost of facilitating outdoor learning. Creating an outdoor learning environment needn't cost a great deal, however. The UK Early Years
Framework Stage, which outlines best practice in Early Years
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went to primary school, teachers observed a significant improvement in reading, writing, mathematics, social interactions and many other areas. A yearlong study was done where a group of 9th and 12th grade students learned through outdoor education. The focus was on raising the critical thinking
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Environmental education, most notably outdoor education in Canada is seen through outdoor camp and residential programs, school-based programs and commercial travel operations. Outdoor education in Canada is based around "hard" technical skills—often travel and camping skills—and the "soft"—group
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The
English Outdoor Council, an umbrella body, defines outdoor education as a way for students and teachers to be fully engaged in a lesson, all the while embracing the outdoors. The EOC deems outdoor education as "providing depth to the curriculum and makes an important contribution to students'
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There is much anecdotal evidence about benefits of outdoor education experiences; teachers, for example, often speak of the improvement they have in relationships with students following a camping trip. However, hard evidence showing that outdoor education has a demonstrable long-term effect on
366:
The second half of the twentieth century saw rapid growth of outdoor education in all sectors (state, voluntary, and commercial) with an ever-widening range of client groups and applications. In this period
Outward Bound spread to over 40 countries, including the US in the 1960s. Other US based
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Outdoor education has been found more beneficial to those students who find classroom learning more challenging. Maynard, Waters & Clement (2013) found that, resonating with their previous findings, the teachers in their study reported "that when engaged in child-initiated activity in the
283:
Outdoor education is often used as a means to create a deeper sense of place for people in a community. Sense of place is manifested through the understanding and connection that one has with the area in which they reside. Sense of place is an important aspect of environmentalism as well as
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and wilderness education. Outdoor education often uses or draws upon related elements and/or informs related areas, such as teaching students how to pitch tents and cook over a campfire. The hallmark of outdoor education is its focus on the "outdoor" side of this education; whereas
615:
skills and personal growth qualities—are blended with, one might say, the "green" and "warm" skills of a complementary eco-adventure focus." Adventures are found whether one is partaking in environmental awareness or team-building workshops throughout Canada.
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true to themselves and more able to see others as people regardless of race, class, religion etc. Outdoor education also helps instill the basic elements of teamwork because participants often need to work together and rely on others. For many people a high
230:
Outdoor education spans the three domains of self, others, and the natural world. The relative emphasis of these three domains varies from one program to another. An outdoor education program can, for example, emphasize one (or more) of these aims to:
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Outdoor education occurs, in one form or another, in most if not all countries of the world. However, it can be implemented very differently, depending on the cultural context. Some countries, for example, view outdoor education as synonymous with
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programs) found small-moderate short-term positive impacts on a diverse range of generic life skills, with the strongest outcomes for longer, expedition-based programs with motivated young adults, and partial long-term retention of these gains.
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375:(NOLS). Project Adventure focuses on day use of ropes courses. NOLS uses the outdoor setting to train leaders for outdoor programs and for other settings including training every new US astronaut and 10% of the US Naval Academy. The
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is a professional association for "experiential" educators. The
Wilderness Education Association (WEA) is a consortium of college outdoor education programs with a standard curriculum based on an academic model. (See also
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in Romania and advises in France training organizations wishing to design programs based on this pedagogy. His books and articles make available Anglo-Saxon research and publications on the subject to the French public.
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behaviour or educational achievement is harder to identify; this may be in part because of the difficulty involved in conducting studies which separate out the effects of outdoor education on meaningful outcomes.
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has reported that it brings history and art to life, develops social skills, and clearly enhances geography and science.,. There are key policies in place for outdoor learning in England, Scotland and Wales.
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A wide range of social science and specific outdoor education theories and models have been applied in an effort to better understand outdoor education. Amongst the key theoretical models or concepts are:
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rather than equipment places children at the centre of learning and ensures that individual children's learning and developmental needs are taken account of and met effectively"
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157:"Education outside the classroom" describes school curriculum learning, other than with a class of students sitting in a room with a teacher and books. It encompasses biology
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Despite the evidence supporting an extension of educational camping and outdoor learning for children, there are a number of obstacles in the way. One of these obstacles is
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1143:: Conducted life transformation journeys in wilderness areas of Asia, Africa, North America, and South America. Founder of Sacred Passage and The Way of Nature Fellowship.
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A history of outdoor education in the UK has been documented by Lyn Cook (1999), and a history of outdoor education in New Zealand has been published in Pip Lynch's
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nation; physician; author; worked closely with YMCA, Woodcraft Indians, and YMCA Indian Guides; co-founder of the Boy Scouts of America and Camp Fire Girls.
165:. It is a concept currently enjoying a revival because of the recognition of benefits from the more active style. The Education and Skills Committee of the
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consumption experience. In a paper entitled "The Generative Paradigm", Loynes has also called for an increase in "creativity, spontaneity and vitality".
1083:: Boy Scout; Scoutmaster; Scouting professional. Authored many books and articles on Scouting, outdoor activities, and Scout skills, including the first
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1188:: Outward Bound instructor and school principal who pioneered the introduction of Outward Bound methods into the mainstream school system; father of
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Maynard, Trisha; Waters, Jane; Clement, Jennifer (2013). "Child-initiated learning, the outdoor environment and the 'underachieving' child".
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597:. is also fashionable in the UK, providing a very specialist approach to personal development within the wider context of Outdoor Learning.
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scheme (which emphasizes community service, craftsmanship skills, physical skill, and outdoor expeditions), and the Outward Bound movement.
2019:
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and searching for insects in the school garden, as well as indoor activities like observing stock control in a local shop, or visiting a
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amongst teachers, parents and others, raising reluctance to such diverse and physical tasks. The journalist Tim Gill has written about
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that takes place in the outdoors, typically during school camping trips. Outdoor education programs sometimes involve residential or
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was evident in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century in Europe, the UK, the US, Australia, and New Zealand. The
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2038:"The effects of environment-based education on students' critical thinking skills and disposition toward critical thinking"
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Henderson, B., & Potter, G. T. (n.d.). Outdoor Adventure Education in Canada: Seeking The Country Way Back In. 227-242.
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Aside from Scouting affiliates, there also have been organizations which sprouted out and away from the root Scout idea.
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42:-based experiences in which students participate in a variety of adventurous challenges and outdoor activities such as
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founded in 1986 "Hors Limites-Outward Bound France", adaptation to adults of active pedagogy and introduces in France
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Will Nixon, 'Letting Nature Shape Childhood', The Amicus Journal, Fall 1997, in Linda Tallent 'Outdoor Learning' 2007
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Outdoor education has diverse goals and practices, but always involves learning about, in, and through the outdoors.
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teaching, asserts that: "Outdoor learning is more effective when adults focus on what children need to be able to
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The Scout Movement is the most widespread associated network of outdoor adventure-based education implementers.
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673:. The project is ongoing. There are numerous similar though less ambitious schemes currently operational, e.g.
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because it makes the importance of sustaining a particular ecosystem that much more personal to an individual.
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involves expeditions into wilderness "where man is but a visitor." All of these activities typically involve
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and cause them to challenge themselves physically which in turn can lead to challenging oneself mentally.
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champion the use of School Grounds as a cost effective, easily accessible place of learning and play.
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1157:'s ideas to the US. Co-founder of Colorado Outward Bound School with Charles Froelicher. Founder of
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This may also be due to a non-academic family background, or a personal psychological trait such as
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There are several important trends and changing circumstances for outdoor education, including:
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2016:
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In "Adventure in a Bun", Chris Loynes has suggested that outdoor education is increasingly an
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Outdoor education is often referred to as synonymous with outdoor learning, outdoor school,
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316:, employs non-formal education with an emphasis on practical outdoor activities. The first
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Adventure education and Outward Bound: Out-of-class experiences that have a lasting effect
8:
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1848:"Let's Get Physical: Camping Excursions Bring Prairie Crossing Students Closer to Nature"
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and the Center for Experiential Education and Service-Learning (University of Minnesota).
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1998:
1963:
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Cook L. (1999). The 1944 Education Act and outdoor education: from policy to practice.
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59:
1707:"Early Nature Lessons in Denmark's Forest Preschools -The official website of Denmark"
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1047:: Proponent of Playground Education. Co-founder of the Boy Scouts of America and the
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368:
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1967:
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1990:
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cultural links and for decades was managed by the adventurer and media celebrity,
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1994:
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1171:/ Charles Alexander Eastman: North American Indian of the Isáŋyathi tribe of the
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The roots of modern outdoor education can be found in the philosophical work of:
242:
236:
150:
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Camping in the Curriculum: A History of Outdoor Education in New Zealand Schools
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and Jim Hogan. Originator of the Moray Badge, the forerunner of the County Badge
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1917:
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of the BSA. Endeavored to maintain the outdoor orientation of US Boy Scouting.
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182:
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1133:: Journalist. Proponent of nature awareness and opponent of what he termed "
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2883:
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Ernest Thompson Seton: The Life and Legacy of an Artist and Conservationist
2216:
Outward Bound USA: learning through experience in adventure-based education
1506:"The impact of environmental education on sense of place among urban youth"
1247:
1196:, Jim Schoel and others), which gave impetus to Adventure-Based Counseling.
1130:
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857:
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550:
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Foundational work on the philosophy of outdoor education includes work by:
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55:
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Kudryavtsev, Alex; Krasny, Marianne E.; Stedman, Richard C. (2012-04-01).
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Early Years Framework Stage 'Effective Practice: Outdoor Learning", 2007
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and the Woodcraft League. Inspiration and major source of Baden-Powell's
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1162:
1150:
1062:
1030:
866:
415:
305:
62:. Outdoor education draws upon the philosophy, theory, and practices of
2132:
The Brotherhood of Cheerful Service: a history of the Order of the Arrow
2096:
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Hattie, J. A., Marsh, H. W., Neill, J. T. & Richards, G. E. (1997).
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Enhancing personal effectiveness: Impacts of outdoor education programs
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403:
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La expedición «Madrid Rumbo al Sur» reconoce problemas de financiación
1806:"Suomen makein avoimen amk:n opintojakso? Seikkailukasvatus Humakissa"
1057:/ Kurt Matthias Robert Martin Hahn: Experiential educator. Founder of
499:
The Outward Bound Process Model, adapted from Walsh and Golins (1976).
304:
Modern outdoor education owes its beginnings to separate initiatives.
5643:
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2647:
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1375:"Outdoor Learning Policies England| Learning through Landscapes"
1154:
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921:– youth leadership and outdoors training, "Venturing" co-ed for 14-20
904:- UK based champions of school grounds for outdoor learning and play.
787:
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507:
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19:
1033:/ Edward Michael Grylls: Outdoor adventurer; summitted Mt. Everest.
340:
are examples of European programs with similar aims and objectives.
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The first major and highly publicized outdoor learning project was
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51:
47:
35:
1226:
and the Camp Fire Girls. Chief Scout of the Boy Scouts of America.
624:
as well as the fundamental elementary education that is required.
300:
Field trip: school children outdoors listening to man, c. 1899, US
226:
raise attainment through better teaching and learning experiences.
73:
5237:
2717:
1389:"Outdoor learning in Scotland | Learning through Landscapes"
832:
802:
352:
337:
1604:. PML publications, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand.
2185:
407:
178:
43:
2171:
Block, Nelson, "William Hillcourt: Scoutmaster to the World",
1003:: Outdoorsman. Founder of the Boy Pioneers. Co-founder of the
910:– award for personal achievement, including outdoor activities
1172:
1023:. National Program Director, Boy Scouts of America. Founder,
972:
List of 20th-century outdoor proponents and outdoor educators
325:
39:
2359:
2130:
Davis, Kenneth (PhD history, U Virginia; Colonel, US Army),
1178:
Tony Pammer: Canoeing instructor. Co-founder and CEO of the
665:
in 1979, it was heavily focused on exploring cross-Atlantic
2269:, St. Paul, Minnesota: Minnesota Historical Society Press,
1656:
677:, annual tours in Africa managed by a TV reality-show star
141:
81:
participants with physical disabilities after completing a
951:– Christian Outdoor Leadership and Education organization.
1332:
http://www.trunity.net/lifegermination/topics/view/23121/
933:– elementary school based outdoor environmental education
410:
about outdoor education tends to emphasize the effect of
1731:"Opetussuunnitelma ja ympäristökasvatus - LYKE-verkosto"
1503:
1782:"Bachelor's Degree in Adventure and Outdoor Education"
589:
physical, personal and social education.". In the UK,
1980:
347:, a German educator who founded schools such as the
2119:
A Thing of the Spirit: the life of E. Urner Goodman
1948:
Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning
1887:. PhD thesis. Sydney: University of Western Sydney.
223:
boost self-confidence when camping with classmates;
16:
Organized learning that takes place in the outdoors
1612:
1610:
1202:: YMCA summer camp director. Set up the fledgling
136:
279:provide an active, first-hand learning experience
5761:
1607:
1099:: nature study with an evolutionary perspective
210:Some typical aims of outdoor education are to:
4943:
4493:
2076:. State Education and Environment Round Table.
2067:Lieberman, Gerald A.; Hoody, Linda L. (1998).
2066:
1411:. Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation. p. 81.
684:
5125:
2375:
1326:
1324:
1192:(founded with Mary Ladd Smith, Robert Lentz,
5139:
5048:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
2035:
1755:"Luonto ja ympäristöalan perustutkinto 2014"
1622:. Denver, CO: Colorado Outward Bound School.
1619:The exploration of the Outward Bound process
1405:No fear: Growing up in a Risk Averse society
600:
2134:, Boy Scouts of America, 1990, 1995, 2000.
1330:Outdoor recreation. (n.d.). Retrieved from
1161:. Inspired use of outdoor education in the
1123:: Soldier; Boy Scout leader; propagator of
927:– environmental education program in the US
312:movement, established in the UK in 1907 by
102:Outdoor education can be simply defined as
5132:
5118:
2382:
2368:
2017:Waldkindergartenkinder Im Ersten Schuljahr
1932:
1321:
1013:: worked on US national parks in education
220:develop a deeper relationship with nature;
1529:
1105:: Outward Bound instructor. Proponent of
23:An outdoor visual arts class going on in
4745:
1558:World Organization of the Scout Movement
945:– international educational organization
723:attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
494:
398:
295:
217:enhance personal and social development;
140:
72:
18:
4120:
3348:
3337:
2229:Outward Bound USA: Crew, Not Passengers
1634:"Why some Asian schools are going wild"
1616:Walsh, V., & Golins, G. L. (1976).
1485:Linda Tallent, 'Outdoor Learning', 2007
939:– educational organization in Australia
343:Key outdoor education pioneers include
153:during a three-week backpacking course.
5762:
2009:
1938:
1896:
1471:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
890:Association for Experiential Education
377:Association for Experiential Education
167:House of Commons of the United Kingdom
121:would focus on the adventure side and
5113:
4942:
4744:
4492:
4119:
3740:
3739:
3347:
3336:
3038:
2401:
2363:
385:
5734:
1546:
1401:
978:Robert Stephenson Smyth Baden-Powell
5094:
1631:
570:
367:outdoor education programs include
13:
2227:Miner, Joshua & Joseph Boldt,
2214:Miner, Joshua & Joseph Boldt,
914:National Outdoor Leadership School
381:
373:National Outdoor Leadership School
190:rather than what children need to
14:
5786:
2355:
1906:Journal of Experiential Education
1657:English Outdoor Council. (n.d.).
1115:National Youth Leadership Council
1021:Treasure Island Scout Reservation
5733:
5724:
5723:
5713:
5281:Traditional ecological knowledge
5227:
5093:
5084:
5083:
5071:
4607:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
4101:
4092:
4091:
3649:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
3419:Democratic Republic of the Congo
3313:
2218:, William Morrow & Co, 1981.
2042:Environmental Education Research
1659:"High Quality Outdoor Education"
955:John Muir Award (disambiguation)
895:
770:Standards-based education reform
679:Telmo Aldaz de la Quadra-Salcedo
214:learn how to overcome adversity;
5579:Science, technology and society
2338:
2309:
2298:
2280:
2259:
2241:
2221:
2208:
2190:
2179:
2173:The Journal of Scouting History
2164:
2153:
2124:
2111:
2100:
2089:
2080:
2060:
2029:
1974:
1890:
1875:
1854:
1840:
1822:
1798:
1774:
1747:
1723:
1699:
1690:
1676:
1650:
1625:
1594:
1570:
1497:
1357:Education Outside the Classroom
878:
137:Education outside the classroom
125:would focus on environmental.
4764:Federated States of Micronesia
4059:British Indian Ocean Territory
1866:Review of Educational Research
1488:
1479:
1432:
1395:
1381:
1367:
1348:
1343:Education and Skills Committee
1336:
1019:: Scoutmaster. Camp Director,
661:. Launched with assistance of
646:apprentissage par l'expérience
107:in, for, or about the outdoors
97:
1:
5420:Religion and environmentalism
2389:
1632:Lee, Chermaine (2022-01-24).
1314:
949:Solid Rock Outdoor Ministries
908:The Duke of Edinburgh's Award
780:
194:. An approach that considers
5483:Environmental interpretation
4732:United States Virgin Islands
2402:
2231:, Mountaineers Books, 2002.
2186:The Way of Nature Fellowship
2107:Books by Daniel Carter Beard
1995:10.1080/09575146.2013.771152
931:Boston Schoolyard Initiative
7:
5456:Environmental communication
4494:Education in North America
2305:Project Adventure Evolution
2070:Closing the Achievement Gap
902:Learning through Landscapes
775:
765:Rationalization (sociology)
685:Research and critical views
671:Miguel de la Quadra-Salcedo
591:Learning through Landscapes
328:was established during the
10:
5791:
5271:Environmental anthropology
4944:Education in South America
3039:
1918:10.1177/105382599802100108
1087:and three editions of the
969:
728:When German children from
627:
618:
490:Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi
291:
5709:
5614:
5516:
5438:
5400:
5332:
5289:
5236:
5225:
5147:
5065:
5022:
4949:
4855:
4832:
4751:
4707:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
4625:
4499:
4472:
4424:
4386:
4128:
4087:
4046:
4006:
3748:
3662:
3637:
3356:
3343:
3332:
3308:
3262:
3228:
3187:
3169:
3130:
3112:
3078:
3054:Early childhood education
3047:
3034:
2984:
2814:
2761:
2583:
2436:
2408:
2397:
2248:Charles Alexander Eastman
1960:10.1080/14729670285200221
1941:"The Generative Paradigm"
1664:. English Outdoor Council
1363:. House of Commons. 2005.
1258:Educational progressivism
1230:
965:
885:American Camp Association
736:
636:
609:
601:Australia and New Zealand
561:Psychoevolutionary theory
393:Camping in the Curriculum
5686:Sustainable architecture
5624:Arts and Crafts movement
5488:Environmental journalism
5382:Environmental philosophy
5141:Environmental humanities
4915:Northern Mariana Islands
4727:Turks and Caicos Islands
3808:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
3404:Central African Republic
2202:August 23, 2012, at the
2121:, Boy Scouts of America.
1684:"What Is Forest School?"
1263:Environmental psychology
1007:and the Camp Fire Girls.
652:
418:, the educative role of
147:Wyoming Catholic College
89:
25:National College of Arts
5508:Thematic interpretation
5461:Environmental education
5261:Ecological anthropology
5167:Environmental sculpture
4880:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
4069:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
2287:Outdoor Education Group
2036:Ernest; Monroe (2004).
1180:Outdoor Education Group
1147:Joshua Lewis Miner, III
1135:nature-deficit disorder
937:Outdoor Education Group
751:Nature deficit disorder
578:environmental education
361:Duke of Edinburgh Award
205:
127:Expeditionary education
123:environmental education
68:environmental education
5659:Landscape architecture
5606:Sustainability studies
5415:Environmental theology
4657:British Virgin Islands
4171:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2292:June 21, 2012, at the
2265:Martinez, David, 2009
2160:Birth of Outward Bound
1939:Loynes, Chris (2002).
1897:Loynes, Chris (1998).
1107:experiential education
996:Girl Scouts of the USA
524:Experiential education
500:
301:
154:
131:experiential education
86:
64:experiential education
28:
5775:Experiential learning
5478:Environmental history
5377:Environmental justice
4858:and other territories
4597:Saint Kitts and Nevis
3564:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
3424:Republic of the Congo
2253:May 28, 2010, at the
2117:Block, Nelson, 2000,
2022:May 16, 2011, at the
1881:Neill, J. T. (2008).
1224:Boy Scouts of America
1210:Ernest Thompson Seton
1204:Boy Scouts of America
1200:Edgar Munroe Robinson
1075:Lawrence Durning Holt
1067:United World Colleges
1039:The Scout Association
1005:Boy Scouts of America
986:The Scout Association
970:Further information:
919:Boy Scouts of America
583:
498:
480:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
424:experiential learning
399:Philosophy and theory
357:United World Colleges
299:
286:environmental justice
144:
105:experiential learning
76:
22:
5654:Environmental design
5534:Biophilia hypothesis
5372:Environmental ethics
5342:Aesthetics of nature
4746:Education in Oceania
4122:Education in Europe
3983:United Arab Emirates
3350:Education in Africa
2573:Instructional design
1899:"Adventure in a Bun"
1578:History of Education
1554:"Scouting Education"
1531:10.1890/ES11-00318.1
1222:. Co-founder of the
1059:Schule Schloss Salem
1045:Luther Halsey Gulick
1017:Edward Urner Goodman
730:forest kindergartens
565:Biophilia hypothesis
412:natural environments
349:Schule Schloss Salem
269:natural environments
5696:Sustainable fashion
4612:Trinidad and Tobago
4507:Antigua and Barbuda
4387:States with limited
4010:limited recognition
3639:States with limited
3338:Education by region
3064:Secondary education
2976:Teaching philosophy
2879:Pedagogical pattern
2822:21st century skills
2801:Religious education
2444:Aims and objectives
2346:By a Thousand Fires
2315:Witt, David, 2010,
1522:2012Ecosp...3...29K
1308:Forest kindergarten
1278:Natural environment
1273:Minimal impact code
1001:Daniel Carter Beard
992:Juliette Gordon Low
485:Henry David Thoreau
422:and challenge, and
314:Robert Baden-Powell
119:adventure education
5719:Environment portal
5691:Sustainable design
5324:Outdoor literature
5251:Cultural landscape
5177:Landscape painting
5078:Schools portal
4547:Dominican Republic
3742:Education in Asia
3069:Tertiary education
3007:Learning resources
2498:Education sciences
2267:Dakota Philosopher
1402:Gill, Tim (2007).
1345:, House of Commons
1303:Wilderness therapy
1283:Outdoor recreation
1090:Boy Scout Handbook
1025:Order of the Arrow
925:Nature's Classroom
712:entertainment park
555:psychological flow
501:
438:may stretch their
302:
181:and institutional
155:
87:
40:journey wilderness
29:
5770:Outdoor education
5757:
5756:
5649:Educational trail
5639:Ecological design
5498:Outdoor education
5493:Environmental law
5425:Spiritual ecology
5387:Predation problem
5214:Site-specific art
5162:Environmental art
5107:
5106:
5061:
5060:
5057:
5056:
5029:other territories
4938:
4937:
4930:Wallis and Futuna
4875:Clipperton Island
4833:Associated states
4740:
4739:
4629:other territories
4488:
4487:
4115:
4114:
4052:other territories
3735:
3734:
3666:other territories
3439:Equatorial Guinea
3328:
3327:
3303:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3294:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3285:
3284:
3222:
3221:
3217:
3216:
3213:
3212:
3208:
3207:
3163:
3162:
3158:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3149:
3148:
3106:
3105:
3101:
3100:
3059:Primary education
3030:
3029:
2919:Dialogic learning
2889:Teacher retention
2842:Critical thinking
2837:Class arrangement
2806:Special education
2481:Standardized test
2464:Course evaluation
2237:978-0-89886-874-6
1418:978-1-903080-08-5
1238:Adventure therapy
1219:Scouting for Boys
1214:Woodcraft Indians
1190:Project Adventure
1159:Outward Bound USA
1113:. Founder of the
1081:William Hillcourt
994:: Founder of the
980:: Founder of the
530:Group development
369:Project Adventure
306:Organized camping
32:Outdoor education
5782:
5737:
5736:
5727:
5726:
5717:
5629:Acoustic ecology
5362:Ecophenomenology
5347:Critical realism
5246:Cultural ecology
5231:
5134:
5127:
5120:
5111:
5110:
5097:
5096:
5087:
5086:
5076:
5075:
5074:
5049:
5037:Falkland Islands
4951:Sovereign states
4940:
4939:
4920:Pitcairn Islands
4890:French Polynesia
4870:Christmas Island
4799:Papua New Guinea
4779:Marshall Islands
4752:Sovereign states
4742:
4741:
4697:Saint Barthélemy
4627:Dependencies and
4500:Sovereign states
4490:
4489:
4425:Dependencies and
4129:Sovereign states
4117:
4116:
4105:
4095:
4094:
4064:Christmas Island
3750:Sovereign states
3737:
3736:
3727:
3726:(United Kingdom)
3722:Tristan da Cunha
3718:Ascension Island
3710:
3697:
3688:
3664:Dependencies and
3357:Sovereign states
3345:
3344:
3334:
3333:
3317:
3265:
3264:
3260:
3259:
3235:Higher education
3231:
3230:
3226:
3225:
3190:
3189:
3185:
3184:
3176:Secondary school
3172:
3171:
3167:
3166:
3133:
3132:
3128:
3127:
3115:
3114:
3110:
3109:
3081:
3080:
3076:
3075:
3050:
3049:
3036:
3035:
2964:Student-centered
2949:Phenomenon-based
2939:Peer instruction
2904:Blended learning
2827:Bloom's taxonomy
2791:Gifted education
2786:Education reform
2618:Computer science
2399:
2398:
2384:
2377:
2370:
2361:
2360:
2349:
2342:
2336:
2313:
2307:
2302:
2296:
2284:
2278:
2263:
2257:
2245:
2239:
2225:
2219:
2212:
2206:
2194:
2188:
2183:
2177:
2168:
2162:
2157:
2151:
2128:
2122:
2115:
2109:
2104:
2098:
2093:
2087:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2033:
2027:
2013:
2007:
2006:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1945:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1903:
1894:
1888:
1879:
1873:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1844:
1838:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1816:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1792:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1768:
1759:
1751:
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1744:
1742:
1741:
1727:
1721:
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1703:
1697:
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1687:
1680:
1674:
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1671:
1669:
1663:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1644:
1629:
1623:
1614:
1605:
1598:
1592:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1564:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1533:
1501:
1495:
1492:
1486:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1470:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1452:
1446:. Archived from
1445:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1421:. Archived from
1410:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1352:
1346:
1340:
1334:
1328:
1243:Adventure travel
1111:service learning
1103:James Kielsmeier
1097:Clifton F. Hodge
1069:system. Founded
1011:Harold C. Bryant
663:king Juan Carlos
571:Around the world
436:outdoor activity
386:Around the World
330:Second World War
5790:
5789:
5785:
5784:
5783:
5781:
5780:
5779:
5760:
5759:
5758:
5753:
5705:
5610:
5601:Spirit of place
5584:science studies
5568:common property
5564:Property theory
5559:Popular science
5549:Natural history
5512:
5503:Psychogeography
5434:
5396:
5328:
5285:
5232:
5223:
5219:Sustainable art
5209:Sculpture trail
5143:
5138:
5108:
5103:
5072:
5070:
5053:
5047:
5030:
5028:
5018:
4945:
4934:
4857:
4851:
4834:
4828:
4809:Solomon Islands
4747:
4736:
4630:
4628:
4621:
4495:
4484:
4468:
4426:
4420:
4406:Northern Cyprus
4388:
4382:
4303:North Macedonia
4124:
4111:
4083:
4051:
4042:
4023:Northern Cyprus
4009:
4002:
3744:
3731:
3730:
3725:
3708:
3695:
3686:
3667:
3665:
3658:
3642:
3640:
3633:
3352:
3339:
3324:
3323:
3304:
3295:
3286:
3278:
3271:
3249:
3237:
3218:
3209:
3201:
3196:
3178:
3159:
3150:
3142:
3137:
3121:
3102:
3094:
3087:
3043:
3026:
2980:
2899:Active learning
2894:Teaching method
2869:Learning theory
2810:
2776:Autodidacticism
2771:Adult education
2757:
2698:Performing arts
2579:
2486:Teacher quality
2476:Standards-based
2432:
2404:
2393:
2388:
2358:
2353:
2352:
2343:
2339:
2319:, Gibbs Smith.
2314:
2310:
2303:
2299:
2294:Wayback Machine
2285:
2281:
2264:
2260:
2255:Wayback Machine
2246:
2242:
2226:
2222:
2213:
2209:
2204:Wayback Machine
2195:
2191:
2184:
2180:
2169:
2165:
2158:
2154:
2129:
2125:
2116:
2112:
2105:
2101:
2094:
2090:
2085:
2081:
2073:
2065:
2061:
2051:
2049:
2034:
2030:
2024:Wayback Machine
2014:
2010:
1979:
1975:
1943:
1937:
1933:
1901:
1895:
1891:
1880:
1876:
1859:
1855:
1850:. 10 July 2018.
1846:
1845:
1841:
1827:
1823:
1814:
1812:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1790:
1788:
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1757:
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1739:
1737:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1715:
1713:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1695:
1691:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1667:
1665:
1661:
1655:
1651:
1642:
1640:
1630:
1626:
1615:
1608:
1600:Lynch, P. (?).
1599:
1595:
1575:
1571:
1562:
1560:
1552:
1551:
1547:
1502:
1498:
1493:
1489:
1484:
1480:
1464:
1463:
1456:
1454:
1453:on July 1, 2008
1450:
1443:
1441:"Archived copy"
1439:
1437:
1433:
1425:
1419:
1408:
1400:
1396:
1391:. 16 June 2024.
1387:
1386:
1382:
1377:. 16 June 2024.
1373:
1372:
1368:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1341:
1337:
1329:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1288:Rite of passage
1233:
1121:Ernst Killander
1085:Scout Fieldbook
1049:Camp Fire Girls
974:
968:
898:
881:
876:
783:
778:
760:fitness culture
756:Exercise trends
739:
687:
655:
639:
630:
621:
612:
603:
586:
573:
547:optimal arousal
401:
294:
243:problem solving
237:survival skills
208:
151:Teton Mountains
139:
100:
92:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5788:
5778:
5777:
5772:
5755:
5754:
5752:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5731:
5721:
5710:
5707:
5706:
5704:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5672:
5671:
5666:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5620:
5618:
5612:
5611:
5609:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5587:
5586:
5576:
5571:
5561:
5556:
5546:
5539:Do it yourself
5536:
5531:
5526:
5524:Animal studies
5520:
5518:
5514:
5513:
5511:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5474:
5473:
5468:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5442:
5440:
5436:
5435:
5433:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5406:
5404:
5398:
5397:
5395:
5394:
5392:Social ecology
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5338:
5336:
5330:
5329:
5327:
5326:
5321:
5319:Nature writing
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5299:Ecocomposition
5295:
5293:
5287:
5286:
5284:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5256:Ecolinguistics
5253:
5248:
5242:
5240:
5234:
5233:
5226:
5224:
5222:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5205:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5153:
5151:
5145:
5144:
5137:
5136:
5129:
5122:
5114:
5105:
5104:
5102:
5101:
5091:
5081:
5066:
5063:
5062:
5059:
5058:
5055:
5054:
5052:
5051:
5044:
5039:
5033:
5031:
5023:
5020:
5019:
5017:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4955:
4953:
4947:
4946:
4936:
4935:
4933:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4910:Norfolk Island
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4865:American Samoa
4861:
4859:
4853:
4852:
4850:
4849:
4844:
4838:
4836:
4835:of New Zealand
4830:
4829:
4827:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4755:
4753:
4749:
4748:
4738:
4737:
4735:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4717:Sint Eustatius
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4662:Cayman Islands
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4633:
4631:
4626:
4623:
4622:
4620:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4503:
4501:
4497:
4496:
4486:
4485:
4483:
4482:
4480:European Union
4476:
4474:
4473:Other entities
4470:
4469:
4467:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4430:
4428:
4427:other entities
4422:
4421:
4419:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4392:
4390:
4384:
4383:
4381:
4380:
4378:United Kingdom
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4191:Czech Republic
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4132:
4130:
4126:
4125:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4109:
4099:
4088:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4055:
4053:
4044:
4043:
4041:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4014:
4012:
4004:
4003:
4001:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3754:
3752:
3746:
3745:
3733:
3732:
3729:
3728:
3711:
3698:
3689:
3675:Canary Islands
3671:
3670:
3668:
3663:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3651:
3645:
3643:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3360:
3358:
3354:
3353:
3341:
3340:
3330:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3310:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3301:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3292:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3273:
3263:
3256:
3255:
3244:
3239:
3229:
3223:
3220:
3219:
3215:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3206:
3204:
3203:
3198:
3188:
3181:
3180:
3170:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3156:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3147:
3145:
3144:
3139:
3131:
3124:
3123:
3119:Primary school
3113:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3089:
3079:
3072:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3032:
3031:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2988:
2986:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2978:
2973:
2972:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2865:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2832:Cognitive load
2829:
2824:
2818:
2816:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2767:
2765:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2589:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2503:Evidence-based
2500:
2495:
2490:
2489:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2467:
2466:
2451:
2446:
2440:
2438:
2437:By perspective
2434:
2433:
2431:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2414:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2395:
2394:
2387:
2386:
2379:
2372:
2364:
2357:
2356:External links
2354:
2351:
2350:
2344:Seton, Julia,
2337:
2333:978-1423603917
2308:
2297:
2279:
2258:
2240:
2220:
2207:
2189:
2178:
2163:
2152:
2148:978-0839549987
2123:
2110:
2099:
2088:
2079:
2059:
2028:
2008:
1973:
1954:(2): 113–125.
1931:
1889:
1874:
1853:
1839:
1821:
1797:
1773:
1746:
1722:
1698:
1689:
1675:
1649:
1624:
1606:
1593:
1584:(2), 157-172.
1569:
1545:
1496:
1487:
1478:
1431:
1428:on 2009-03-06.
1417:
1394:
1380:
1366:
1347:
1335:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1268:Green exercise
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1212:: Founded the
1207:
1197:
1183:
1176:
1166:
1144:
1141:John P. Milton
1138:
1128:
1118:
1100:
1094:
1078:
1052:
1042:
1028:
1014:
1008:
998:
989:
982:Scout Movement
967:
964:
963:
962:
957:
952:
946:
940:
934:
928:
922:
916:
911:
905:
897:
894:
893:
892:
887:
880:
877:
875:
874:
869:
864:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
793:Adventure park
790:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
773:
772:
767:
762:
753:
748:
746:Climate change
738:
735:
686:
683:
654:
651:
638:
635:
629:
626:
620:
617:
611:
608:
602:
599:
585:
582:
572:
569:
568:
567:
558:
540:
533:
527:
516:
515:
510:
493:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
400:
397:
359:movement, the
334:Forest schools
293:
290:
281:
280:
277:
271:
265:
258:
252:
246:
239:
235:teach outdoor
228:
227:
224:
221:
218:
215:
207:
204:
138:
135:
114:forest schools
99:
96:
91:
88:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5787:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5767:
5765:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5732:
5730:
5722:
5720:
5716:
5712:
5711:
5708:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5676:Nature center
5674:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5661:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5621:
5619:
5617:
5613:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5591:Simple living
5589:
5585:
5582:
5581:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5569:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5554:
5550:
5547:
5544:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5521:
5519:
5515:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5463:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5451:Ecomusicology
5449:
5447:
5446:Anthrozoology
5444:
5443:
5441:
5437:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5407:
5405:
5403:
5399:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5339:
5337:
5335:
5331:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5296:
5294:
5292:
5288:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5243:
5241:
5239:
5235:
5230:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5184:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5154:
5152:
5150:
5146:
5142:
5135:
5130:
5128:
5123:
5121:
5116:
5115:
5112:
5100:
5092:
5090:
5082:
5080:
5079:
5068:
5067:
5064:
5050:
5045:
5043:
5042:French Guiana
5040:
5038:
5035:
5034:
5032:
5026:
5021:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4956:
4954:
4952:
4948:
4941:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4905:New Caledonia
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4885:Easter Island
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4862:
4860:
4854:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4839:
4837:
4831:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4756:
4754:
4750:
4743:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4634:
4632:
4624:
4618:
4617:United States
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4498:
4491:
4481:
4478:
4477:
4475:
4471:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4439:Faroe Islands
4437:
4435:
4432:
4431:
4429:
4423:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4411:South Ossetia
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4393:
4391:
4385:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4263:Liechtenstein
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
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4033:South Ossetia
4031:
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4005:
3999:
3996:
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3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3479:Guinea-Bissau
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
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3427:
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3422:
3420:
3417:
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3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
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3390:
3387:
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3335:
3331:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3311:
3307:
3282:
3277:
3274:
3270:
3269:Undergraduate
3267:
3266:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3253:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3227:
3224:
3205:
3199:
3195:
3194:Middle school
3192:
3191:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3168:
3165:
3146:
3140:
3135:
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3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
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3010:
3008:
3005:
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3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2983:
2977:
2974:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2959:Project-based
2957:
2955:
2954:Problem-based
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2914:Demonstration
2912:
2910:
2909:Contemplative
2907:
2905:
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2807:
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2796:Homeschooling
2794:
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2649:
2646:
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2643:Environmental
2641:
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2568:Instructional
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2471:Psychometrics
2469:
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2275:0-87351-629-X
2272:
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2256:
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2137:
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2127:
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2114:
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2097:
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2083:
2072:
2071:
2063:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2032:
2025:
2021:
2018:
2012:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1977:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
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1935:
1927:
1923:
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1907:
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1597:
1591:
1590:0-473-10583-7
1587:
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1537:
1532:
1527:
1523:
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1491:
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1474:
1468:
1457:September 24,
1449:
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1301:
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1298:Team building
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1253:Ecopsychology
1251:
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1215:
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1206:organization.
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1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1086:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1072:
1071:Outward Bound
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1029:
1026:
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1002:
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979:
976:
975:
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960:Forest School
958:
956:
953:
950:
947:
944:
943:Outward Bound
941:
938:
935:
932:
929:
926:
923:
920:
917:
915:
912:
909:
906:
903:
900:
899:
896:Organizations
891:
888:
886:
883:
882:
873:
872:Skateboarding
870:
868:
865:
863:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
848:Sail training
846:
844:
841:
839:
838:Rock climbing
836:
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831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
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811:
809:
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734:
731:
726:
724:
719:
715:
713:
708:
705:
704:Outward Bound
700:
696:
695:meta-analysis
691:
682:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
650:
647:
643:
642:Alain Kerjean
634:
625:
616:
607:
598:
596:
595:Forest School
592:
581:
579:
566:
562:
559:
556:
552:
548:
544:
541:
539:Process Model
538:
537:Outward Bound
534:
531:
528:
525:
522:
521:
520:
514:
513:Willi Unsoeld
511:
509:
506:
505:
504:
497:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
460:William James
458:
456:
453:
451:
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443:
441:
437:
433:
427:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
396:
394:
389:
387:
383:
382:North America
378:
374:
370:
364:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
341:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
318:Outward Bound
315:
311:
307:
298:
289:
287:
278:
276:
272:
270:
266:
263:
259:
257:
253:
251:
247:
244:
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238:
234:
233:
232:
225:
222:
219:
216:
213:
212:
211:
203:
199:
197:
193:
189:
184:
183:risk aversion
180:
176:
175:risk aversion
171:
168:
164:
160:
152:
148:
143:
134:
132:
128:
124:
120:
115:
110:
108:
106:
95:
84:
80:
79:Outward Bound
75:
71:
69:
65:
61:
57:
56:ropes courses
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
34:is organized
33:
26:
21:
5681:New Urbanism
5497:
5352:Deep ecology
5314:Geocriticism
5304:Ecocriticism
5276:Ethnoecology
5266:Ecosemiotics
5187:conservation
5069:
5025:Dependencies
4856:Dependencies
4842:Cook Islands
4722:Sint Maarten
4702:Saint Martin
4416:Transnistria
4048:Dependencies
3978:Turkmenistan
3943:Saudi Arabia
3714:Saint Helena
3685:
3589:South Africa
3579:Sierra Leone
3384:Burkina Faso
3276:Postgraduate
3092:Kindergarten
2944:Personalized
2924:Experiential
2884:Teacher look
2593:Agricultural
2449:Anthropology
2345:
2340:
2316:
2311:
2300:
2282:
2266:
2261:
2243:
2228:
2223:
2215:
2210:
2192:
2181:
2172:
2166:
2155:
2131:
2126:
2118:
2113:
2102:
2091:
2082:
2069:
2062:
2050:. Retrieved
2045:
2041:
2031:
2011:
1986:
1982:
1976:
1951:
1947:
1934:
1912:(1): 35–39.
1909:
1905:
1892:
1882:
1877:
1869:
1865:
1856:
1842:
1834:
1828:
1824:
1813:. Retrieved
1809:
1800:
1789:. Retrieved
1785:
1776:
1765:. Retrieved
1761:
1749:
1738:. Retrieved
1734:
1725:
1714:. Retrieved
1710:
1701:
1692:
1678:
1666:. Retrieved
1652:
1641:. Retrieved
1637:
1627:
1617:
1601:
1596:
1581:
1577:
1572:
1561:. Retrieved
1557:
1548:
1516:(4): art29.
1513:
1509:
1499:
1490:
1481:
1455:. Retrieved
1448:the original
1434:
1423:the original
1404:
1397:
1383:
1369:
1356:
1350:
1338:
1248:Deep ecology
1217:
1149:: Worked at
1131:Richard Louv
1125:orienteering
1088:
1084:
879:Associations
858:Orienteering
853:Snowboarding
843:Ropes course
823:Nature study
740:
727:
720:
716:
709:
692:
688:
675:Rumbo al Sur
674:
659:Ruta Quetzal
656:
640:
631:
622:
613:
604:
587:
574:
551:comfort zone
517:
502:
465:Aldo Leopold
444:
440:comfort zone
432:ropes course
428:
416:human beings
402:
392:
390:
365:
342:
303:
282:
275:spirituality
229:
209:
200:
195:
191:
187:
172:
156:
149:hike in the
145:Freshmen at
111:
103:
101:
93:
83:ropes course
31:
30:
5701:Themed walk
5430:Stewardship
5410:Ecotheology
5357:Ecofeminism
5182:Photography
5099:WikiProject
4789:New Zealand
4692:Puerto Rico
4602:Saint Lucia
4552:El Salvador
4454:Isle of Man
4389:recognition
4363:Switzerland
4298:Netherlands
4107:Asia portal
4008:States with
3928:Philippines
3868:South Korea
3863:North Korea
3758:Afghanistan
3641:recognition
3594:South Sudan
3484:Ivory Coast
3200:High school
2997:Definitions
2874:Lesson plan
2763:Alternative
2668:Mathematics
2638:Engineering
2197:John Milton
2026:(in German)
1983:Early Years
1638:www.bbc.com
1293:Summer camp
1194:Karl Rohnke
1163:Peace Corps
1151:Gordonstoun
1063:Gordonstoun
1035:Chief Scout
1031:Bear Grylls
867:Slacklining
798:Backpacking
267:understand
196:experiences
159:field trips
98:Definitions
77:A group of
60:group games
5764:Categories
5664:assessment
5634:Biomimicry
5574:Sexecology
5471:arts-based
5334:Philosophy
5291:Literature
4687:Montserrat
4682:Martinique
4677:Guadeloupe
4532:Costa Rica
4333:San Marino
4293:Montenegro
4273:Luxembourg
4253:Kazakhstan
4156:Azerbaijan
3988:Uzbekistan
3963:Tajikistan
3878:Kyrgyzstan
3858:Kazakhstan
3778:Bangladesh
3768:Azerbaijan
3696:(Portugal)
3654:Somaliland
3574:Seychelles
3539:Mozambique
3524:Mauritania
3509:Madagascar
3464:The Gambia
3399:Cape Verde
3252:Continuing
3242:Vocational
2847:Curriculum
2781:Democratic
2753:Vocational
2743:Technology
2703:Philosophy
2585:By subject
2563:Technology
2543:Psychology
2528:Philosophy
2518:Leadership
2459:Evaluation
2454:Assessment
2325:1423603915
2140:0839549989
2015:Gorges R.
1989:(3): 212.
1837:10.09.2013
1815:2018-01-05
1810:finland.fi
1791:2018-01-05
1786:finland.fi
1767:2018-01-05
1762:finland.fi
1740:2018-01-05
1735:finland.fi
1716:2016-10-06
1711:denmark.dk
1643:2022-01-24
1563:2022-08-01
1315:References
1186:Jerry Pieh
862:Wayfinding
813:Geocaching
781:Activities
667:Hispanidad
470:John Locke
455:John Dewey
404:Philosophy
388:section.)
320:centre at
262:leadership
250:recidivism
85:, c. 1996.
27:, Pakistan
5644:Ecomuseum
5596:Slow food
5529:Bioethics
5309:Ecopoetry
5192:landscape
5014:Venezuela
4959:Argentina
4759:Australia
4672:Greenland
4587:Nicaragua
4562:Guatemala
4444:Gibraltar
4268:Lithuania
4074:Hong Kong
4028:Palestine
3953:Sri Lanka
3948:Singapore
3828:Indonesia
3529:Mauritius
3085:Preschool
2985:Wikimedia
2723:Religious
2648:Euthenics
2633:Economics
2613:Chemistry
2603:Bilingual
2558:Sociology
2513:Inclusion
2493:Economics
2391:Education
2003:143947914
1926:143638838
1540:2150-8925
1510:Ecosphere
1155:Kurt Hahn
1055:Kurt Hahn
788:Abseiling
699:empirical
508:Kurt Hahn
475:John Muir
345:Kurt Hahn
5744:Journals
5729:Category
5669:planning
5402:Religion
5367:Ecosophy
5202:wildlife
5172:Land art
5157:Crop art
5089:Category
5004:Suriname
4994:Paraguay
4979:Colombia
4774:Kiribati
4637:Anguilla
4572:Honduras
4542:Dominica
4517:Barbados
4464:Svalbard
4449:Guernsey
4396:Abkhazia
4348:Slovenia
4343:Slovakia
4318:Portugal
4176:Bulgaria
4097:Category
4018:Abkhazia
3968:Thailand
3923:Pakistan
3903:Mongolia
3898:Maldives
3893:Malaysia
3793:Cambodia
3720: /
3716: /
3709:(France)
3703: /
3681: /
3677: /
3629:Zimbabwe
3604:Tanzania
3454:Ethiopia
3449:Eswatini
3429:Djibouti
3394:Cameroon
3379:Botswana
2969:Socratic
2929:Feedback
2815:Concepts
2708:Physical
2678:Military
2658:Language
2608:Business
2548:Research
2538:Politics
2523:Pedagogy
2418:Glossary
2403:Overview
2290:Archived
2251:Archived
2200:Archived
2052:14 March
2048:(4): 522
2020:Archived
1968:51831743
1872:, 43-87.
1668:July 19,
1467:cite web
828:Questing
818:Kayaking
808:Canoeing
776:See also
702:(mostly
693:A major
563:and the
557:theories
532:theories
526:theories
450:Comenius
395:(2007).
371:and the
322:Aberdyfi
310:Scouting
273:promote
260:develop
256:teamwork
254:enhance
241:improve
179:parental
52:canoeing
48:climbing
36:learning
5749:Degrees
5739:Commons
5616:Applied
5553:museums
5517:Related
5238:Culture
5009:Uruguay
4984:Ecuador
4964:Bolivia
4925:Tokelau
4824:Vanuatu
4667:Curaçao
4652:Bonaire
4647:Bermuda
4577:Jamaica
4557:Grenada
4512:Bahamas
4373:Ukraine
4323:Romania
4283:Moldova
4241:Ireland
4236:Iceland
4231:Hungary
4221:Germany
4216:Georgia
4206:Finland
4201:Estonia
4196:Denmark
4181:Croatia
4166:Belgium
4161:Belarus
4151:Austria
4146:Armenia
4141:Andorra
4136:Albania
3993:Vietnam
3908:Myanmar
3888:Lebanon
3818:Georgia
3773:Bahrain
3763:Armenia
3705:RĂ©union
3701:Mayotte
3692:Madeira
3687:(Spain)
3683:Melilla
3614:Tunisia
3584:Somalia
3569:Senegal
3554:Nigeria
3544:Namibia
3534:Morocco
3499:Liberia
3494:Lesotho
3444:Eritrea
3414:Comoros
3389:Burundi
3364:Algeria
3272:→
3247:Further
3202:→
3197:→
3179:→
3143:→
3138:→
3122:→
3095:→
3088:→
2934:Passive
2857:Studies
2738:Teacher
2728:Science
2718:Reading
2713:Physics
2688:Nursing
2673:Medical
2508:History
2428:Outline
2410:General
2348:, 1967.
1518:Bibcode
1169:Ohiyesa
1153:; took
833:Rafting
803:Camping
628:Finland
619:Denmark
384:in the
353:Germany
338:Denmark
292:History
248:reduce
5197:nature
4989:Guyana
4969:Brazil
4900:Hawaii
4819:Tuvalu
4592:Panama
4582:Mexico
4527:Canada
4522:Belize
4459:Jersey
4401:Kosovo
4368:Turkey
4358:Sweden
4338:Serbia
4328:Russia
4313:Poland
4308:Norway
4288:Monaco
4258:Latvia
4226:Greece
4211:France
4186:Cyprus
4038:Taiwan
3973:Turkey
3938:Russia
3873:Kuwait
3853:Jordan
3843:Israel
3803:Cyprus
3788:Brunei
3783:Bhutan
3724:
3707:
3694:
3624:Zambia
3619:Uganda
3559:Rwanda
3514:Malawi
3474:Guinea
3369:Angola
3319:Portal
3279:
3238:
3141:Junior
3136:Infant
3041:Stages
3017:Quotes
3002:Images
2862:Theory
2852:Hidden
2748:Values
2653:Health
2628:Design
2553:Rights
2533:Policy
2331:
2323:
2273:
2235:
2146:
2138:
2001:
1966:
1924:
1588:
1538:
1415:
1231:Topics
1173:Dakota
1065:, and
966:People
737:Trends
697:of 97
637:France
610:Canada
553:, and
543:Stress
434:or an
420:stress
408:theory
355:; the
332:. The
264:skills
245:skills
163:museum
44:hiking
5543:ethic
5466:adult
5439:Other
4974:Chile
4814:Tonga
4804:Samoa
4794:Palau
4784:Nauru
4642:Aruba
4567:Haiti
4434:Ă…land
4353:Spain
4278:Malta
4248:Italy
4079:Macau
3998:Yemen
3958:Syria
3933:Qatar
3913:Nepal
3848:Japan
3823:India
3813:Egypt
3798:China
3679:Ceuta
3599:Sudan
3549:Niger
3504:Libya
3489:Kenya
3469:Ghana
3459:Gabon
3434:Egypt
3374:Benin
3022:Texts
2992:Books
2693:Peace
2683:Music
2663:Legal
2623:Death
2423:Index
2074:(PDF)
1999:S2CID
1964:S2CID
1944:(PDF)
1922:S2CID
1902:(PDF)
1758:(PDF)
1662:(PDF)
1451:(PDF)
1444:(PDF)
1426:(PDF)
1409:(PDF)
1361:(PDF)
1073:with
653:Spain
326:Wales
90:Scope
4999:Peru
4895:Guam
4847:Niue
4769:Fiji
4712:Saba
4537:Cuba
3918:Oman
3883:Laos
3838:Iraq
3833:Iran
3609:Togo
3519:Mali
3409:Chad
3012:News
2329:ISBN
2321:ISBN
2271:ISBN
2233:ISBN
2144:ISBN
2136:ISBN
2054:2014
1670:2013
1586:ISBN
1536:ISSN
1473:link
1459:2010
1413:ISBN
1109:and
984:and
758:and
535:the
406:and
206:Aims
192:have
66:and
58:and
5149:Art
5027:and
4050:and
2733:Sex
2598:Art
1991:doi
1956:doi
1914:doi
1835:ABC
1833:,
1526:doi
1037:of
414:on
351:in
336:of
324:in
5766::
2327:.
2142:.
2046:10
2044:.
2040:.
1997:.
1987:33
1985:.
1962:.
1950:.
1946:.
1920:.
1910:21
1908:.
1904:.
1870:67
1868:,
1864:.
1808:.
1784:.
1760:.
1733:.
1709:.
1636:.
1609:^
1582:28
1580:,
1556:.
1534:.
1524:.
1512:.
1508:.
1469:}}
1465:{{
1323:^
1137:."
1061:,
860:/
725:.
681:.
584:UK
549:,
545:,
426:.
188:do
133:.
70:.
54:,
50:,
46:,
5570:)
5566:(
5555:)
5551:(
5545:)
5541:(
5133:e
5126:t
5119:v
3254:)
3250:(
2383:e
2376:t
2369:v
2335:.
2277:.
2175:.
2150:.
2056:.
2005:.
1993::
1970:.
1958::
1952:2
1928:.
1916::
1818:.
1794:.
1770:.
1743:.
1719:.
1686:.
1672:.
1646:.
1566:.
1542:.
1528::
1520::
1514:3
1475:)
1461:.
1182:.
1165:.
1127:.
1051:.
1041:.
1027:.
988:.
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