315:, had determined that open-core devices were impracticable, as they were incapable of reliably regulating voltage. In their joint 1885 patent applications for novel transformers (later called ZBD transformers), they described two designs with closed magnetic circuits where copper windings were either wound around an iron wire ring core or surrounded by an iron wire core. The two designs were the first application of the two basic transformer constructions in common use to this day, termed "core form" or "shell form" . The Ganz factory had also in the autumn of 1884 made delivery of the world's first five high-efficiency AC transformers, the first of these units having been shipped on September 16, 1884. This first unit had been manufactured to the following specifications: 1,400 W, 40 Hz, 120:72 V, 11.6:19.4 A, ratio 1.67:1, one-phase, shell form.
163:
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ability to have high turns ratio transformers such that the supply network voltage could be much higher (initially 1,400 to 2,000 V) than the voltage of utilization loads (100 V initially preferred). When employed in parallel connected electric distribution systems, closed-core transformers finally made it technically and economically feasible to provide electric power for lighting in homes, businesses and public spaces. Bláthy had suggested the use of closed cores, Zipernowsky had suggested the use of
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below). The new transformers were 3.4 times more efficient than the open-core bipolar devices of
Gaulard and Gibbs. The ZBD patents included two other major interrelated innovations: one concerning the use of parallel connected, instead of series connected, utilization loads, the other concerning the
342:
Works at the
Frankfurt Fair in the autumn of 1889, and the first induction kilowatt-hour meter was already marketed by the factory at the end of the same year. These were the first alternating-current watt-hour meters, known by the name of Bláthy-meters. The AC kilowatt hour meters used at present
346:
In 1886 Blathy undertook a journey to
America, where he also visited the Edison Works. It was there that he observed that the parameters of the exciting coils of the machines to be produced were established on the basis of empirically set charts. Blathy proved that these data can be derived from
271:
His practical calculation method was crucial in building the first practical transformer. Based on his findings, he rebuilt his machines in 1883 and obtained better efficiency with the same weight. He was the first to investigate the
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In both designs, the magnetic flux linking the primary and secondary windings traveled almost entirely within the confines of the iron core, with no intentional path through air (see
239:, where he obtained diploma of machinery in 1882. Between 1881 and 1883 he worked at the machinery workshop of the Hungarian Railways (MAV). Attracted by the successes of
243:, he joined his team on 1 July 1883. He admitted he had learnt nothing about electrotechnics in university, so he started to learn about the theory himself. Using the
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factory. Based on these experiments, they invented the transformer in 1885, which was unveiled at the
Budapest National Exhibition in 1885. In the autumn of 1884,
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291:'s "secondary generator"' (i.e. AC transformer) system, and he decided to improve it. Including a closed-loop magnetic field, based on the findings of
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rigorous calculations as well, thus winning the admiration of the engineers at the factory. He did not stay in
America for a long time.
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in 1883. There, he conducted experiments for creating a transformer. The name "transformer" was created by Bláthy. In 1885 the
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507:"» Otto Titusz Blathy Biography - World Famous Biographies- Biographies of famous people : Famous People biography"
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kilowatt-hour meter produced on the basis of
Hungarian Ottó Bláthy's patent and named after him was presented by the
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327:, and Déri had performed the experiments; In early 1885, the three engineers also eliminated the problem of
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Prototypes of the world's first high-efficiency transformers, 1885 (Széchenyi István
Memorial Exhibition
994:
751:. Budapest University of Technology and Economics, National Technical Information Centre and Library
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model alternating-current transformer was invented by three
Hungarian engineers: Ottó Bláthy,
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comes from the initials of their names). In the autumn of 1889 he patented the AC watt-meter.
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generators. This was the first time in history two high-voltage power plants were connected.
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Twentieth Century: Technical Innovations of 1867–1914 and Their Lasting Impact
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Halacsy, A. A.; Von Fuchs, G. H. (April 1961). "Transformer
Invented 75 Years Ago".
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695:"Electrostatics and Electrodynamics at Pest University in the Mid-19th Century"
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is named) published their findings only later in 1886 and 1887, respectively.
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Official gazette of the United States Patent Office: Volume 50. (1890)
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losses with the invention of the lamination of electromagnetic cores.
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Electric transformer, parallel AC connection, and AC electricity meter
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problems of electric motors, and at that time the connection between
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180:. During his career he became the co-inventor of the modern electric
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IEEE Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers
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509:. 25 February 2012. Archived from the original on 25 February 2012
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Besides his scientific work, Bláthy is well known as an author of
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Networks of Power: Electrification in Western Society, 1880-1930
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Student paper read on 24 January 1896 at the Students' Meeting.
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358:, which was installed in October 1886. Later, they designed a
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operate on the same principle as Bláthy's original invention.
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583:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 95–96.
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and 5000 V, which were worked in parallel with the old
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Bláthy's career as an inventor began during his time at the
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Ottó Bláthy in the armature of a Ganz turbo generator (1904)
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354:, the Italian government ordered a power transformer for
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At the Turin Italian National Exhibition in 1884, he saw
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Guarnieri, M. (2013). "Who Invented the Transformer?".
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311:(ZBD), three Hungarian engineers associated with the
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The Electrical engineer, Volume 5. (February, 1890)
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551:Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers
806:Electrical Society of Cornell University (1896).
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527:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
904:Biography and inventions of Otto Titusz Bláthy
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778:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p.
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631:"Historical Development of the Transformer"
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386:. He specialized in the field of very long
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200:for the single-phase (AC) electric motor.
173:(11 August 1860 – 26 September 1939) was a
723:"Hungarian Inventors and Their Inventions"
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808:Proceedings of the Electrical Society of
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610:. London: E. & F. N. Spon. pp.
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913:. Clarkson University. Archived from
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483:. People.clarkson.edu. Archived from
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885:Technical University of Budapest, "
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813:. Andrus & Church. p. 39.
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450:"Biography of Otto Titusz Blathy"
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859:The Electrician, Volume 50. 1923
295:, he conducted experiments with
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909:Evgeny Katz (24 March 2007).
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545:Ricks, G.W.D. (March 1896).
30:when mentioning individuals.
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547:"Electricity Supply Meters"
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607:History of the Transformer
577:Hughes, Thomas P. (1993).
394:for one of his problems).
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334:The first specimen of the
325:parallel shunt connections
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604:Uppenborn, F. J. (1889).
350:Based on the opinions of
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26:. This article uses
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965:Hungarian chess players
409:Encyclopædia Britannica
231:He attended schools in
636:. IEE Sri Lanka Centre
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131:Electrical engineering
770:Smil, Vaclav (2005).
749:"Bláthy, Ottó Titusz"
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960:Hungarian scientists
911:"Ottó Titusz Bláthy"
880:Bláthy's Inventions
693:Jeszenszky, Sándor.
955:Hungarian inventors
702:University of Pavia
178:electrical engineer
891:".Budapest, 1996 .
888:Ottó Titusz Bláthy
810:Cornell University
307:, Ottó Bláthy and
305:Károly Zipernowsky
241:Károly Zipernowsky
217:Károly Zipernowsky
190:AC watt-hour meter
171:Ottó Titusz Bláthy
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28:Western name order
895:Blathy's problems
789:978-0-19-803774-3
590:978-0-8018-2873-7
454:Incredible People
392:grotesque (chess)
267:Professional life
245:Maxwell equations
186:voltage regulator
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87:26 September 1939
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616:Archive.org
513:10 February
378:Chess works
360:power plant
182:transformer
102:Nationality
44:Bláthy Ottó
37:Ottó Bláthy
24:Bláthy Ottó
934:Categories
899:PDB Server
398:References
388:moremovers
313:Ganz Works
309:Miksa Déri
297:Miksa Déri
259:(for whom
227:Early life
213:Miksa Déri
205:Ganz Works
65:1860-08-11
257:Hopkinson
175:Hungarian
106:Hungarian
921:2 August
836:4 August
826:"Blathy"
680:51632693
523:cite web
491:4 August
481:"Blathy"
148:Nagycenk
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707:3 March
640:1 March
293:Faraday
285:Gaulard
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237:Vienna
192:, the
188:, the
184:, the
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784:ISBN
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735:2012
709:2012
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585:ISBN
529:link
515:2018
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340:Ganz
301:Ganz
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253:Kapp
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233:Tata
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59:Born
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221:ZBD
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
