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351:(usually the earlobe, side or top) to straighten the ear canal, and then inserts the ear speculum side of the otoscope into the outer ear. It is important to brace the index or little finger of the hand holding the otoscope against the patient's head to avoid injuring the ear canal. The examiner then looks through the lens on the rear of the instrument to see inside the ear canal.
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426:(subspecialty ear doctors). Their widespread adoption in general medicine is hindered by cost and lack of familiarity among pediatric and general medicine professors in physician training programs. Studies have shown that reliance on a monocular otoscope to diagnose ear disease results in a more than 50% chance of misdiagnosis, as compared to binocular microscopic otoscopy.
446:. This is done by assessing the eardrum's contour (normal, retracted, full, or bulging), its color (gray, yellow, pink, amber, white, red, or blue), its translucency (translucent, semi-opaque, opaque), and its mobility (normal, increased, decreased, or absent). The pneumatic otoscope is the standard tool used in diagnosing
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The pneumatic otoscope has a pneumatic (diagnostic) head, which contains a lens, an enclosed light source, and a nipple for attaching a rubber bulb and tubing. By gently squeezing and releasing the bulb in rapid succession, the degree of eardrum mobility in response to positive and negative pressure
410:
and their head is tilted, which keeps the head stable and enables better lighting. The binocular view enables depth perception, which makes removal of earwax or other obstructing materials easier and less hazardous. The microscope also has up to 40× magnification, allowing more detailed viewing of
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In many models, the examiner can remove the lens and insert instruments like specialized suction tips through the otoscope into the ear canal, such as for removing earwax. Most models also have an insertion point for a bulb that pushes air through the speculum
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Many otoscopes for doctors' offices are wall-mounted, with an electrical cord providing power from an electric outlet. Portable otoscopes powered by batteries (usually rechargeable) in the handle are also available.
305:, and various ear diseases, can obscure the view of the eardrum and thus compromise the value of otoscopy done with a common otoscope, but can confirm the presence of obstructing symptoms.
462:. Using a rubber-tipped speculum or adding a small sleeve of rubber tubing at the end of a plastic speculum, can help improve the airtight seal and also help avoid injuring the patient.
402:
Another method of performing otoscopy (visualization of the ear) is by using a binocular (two-eyed) microscope in conjunction with a larger plastic or metal ear
406:, which provides a much larger field of view. The microscope is suspended from a stand, which frees up both of the examiner's hands; the patient is placed in a
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By replacing the pneumatic head with a surgical head, the pneumatic otoscope can also be used to clear
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of the canal skin). Subtle changes in the anatomy can also be more easily detected and interpreted.
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The most common otoscopes consist of a handle and a head. The head contains a light source and a
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636:"A View Through THE OTOSCOPE: Distinguishing Acute Otitis Media From Otitis Media With Effusion"
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Otoscopic examination can help diagnose conditions such as acute
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Traditionally, binocular microscopes are only used by
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336:to help illuminate and enlarge ear structures. The
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665:– Pictures and information about antique otoscopes
516:Ignatavicius, Donna D.; Workman, M. Linda (2013).
194:Right tympanic membrane as seen through a speculum
146:An otoscope, with a tube of disposable tips behind
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458:is attached and fitted snugly into the patient's
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218:used by healthcare professionals to examine the
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522:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 1083.
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202:A doctor performs an otoscopy examination.
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450:(infection of the middle ear).
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641:. January 2000. Archived from
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43:This article
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1083:Thoracoscopy
1040:Falloposcopy
1035:Hysteroscopy
1007:Ureteroscopy
984:Bronchoscopy
979:Laryngoscopy
847:tympanometry
836:
821:Hearing loss
790:Otitis media
643:the original
615:, retrieved
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570:. Retrieved
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533:. Retrieved
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448:otitis media
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265:otitis media
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232:hearing loss
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52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1093:Coelioscopy
1078:Arthroscopy
1068:Laparoscopy
1002:Nephroscopy
954:Accessory:
938:Proctoscopy
933:Pouchoscopy
923:Colonoscopy
918:Enteroscopy
768:Mastoiditis
561:MedlinePlus
487:Head mirror
475:myringotomy
255:(eardrum).
1145:Endoscopes
1134:Categories
1114:Angioscopy
1045:Culdoscopy
1030:Colposcopy
1012:Cystoscopy
974:Rhinoscopy
738:Middle ear
728:Otomycosis
707:middle ear
617:2024-06-09
599:StatPearls
595:"Otoscopy"
572:2024-06-09
503:References
444:middle ear
424:otologists
393:internists
278:traumatic
259:middle ear
80:newspapers
69:"Otoscope"
1109:Fetoscopy
891:Endoscopy
842:pneumatic
715:Outer ear
460:ear canal
391:, and by
274:outer ear
249:ear canal
220:ear canal
212:auriscope
157:auriscope
110:June 2024
1119:Otoscopy
1060:incision
943:Anoscopy
837:Otoscope
816:Ear pain
809:Symptoms
611:archived
607:32310550
566:Archived
481:See also
456:speculum
404:speculum
332:diopters
314:speculum
243:Function
208:otoscope
153:Synonyms
135:Otoscope
18:Otoscopy
1054:Closed
916:Lower:
743:mastoid
663:Phisick
440:eardrum
342:specula
291:cerumen
224:eardrum
94:scholar
1056:cavity
906:Upper:
605:
535:1 June
526:
467:earwax
338:distal
282:, and
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1102:Other
830:Tests
703:outer
646:(PDF)
639:(PDF)
413:edema
363:Types
349:pinna
344:.
316:).
299:edema
238:Usage
214:is a
163:[
101:JSTOR
87:books
1058:via
741:and
705:and
603:PMID
537:2019
524:ISBN
434:The
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