186:. It was later adopted by Paul Ekman and Wallace V. Friesen and published in 1978. However, in a situation in which not only law enforcement but also the general public are anxious and assiduous, the potential for Othello errors to creep into the real world is high. In a review of these practices by Lenese Herbert, it is stated that "invasive visual examination of faces and facial expressions for law enforcement purposes under the guise of protective administrative searches ineffectively protects national and airport security and violates reasonable expectations of privacy. FACS improperly provides unreasonable governmental activity with a legitimizing scientific imprimatur that conceals governmental agents' race- and ethnicity-based prejudices, which leads to targeting minorities' faces as portents of danger."
133:, has been cheating on him with another man. When confronted, she cries and denies it, all the while aware that her mien will be taken as evidence of guilt by her jealous husband. Seeing his wife's emotional distress, Othello ignores alternative, innocent explanations—like the possibility that she did not love another—and kills her, as his preconceptions biased his observation and, therefore, his judgments.
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say things that are not the truth "To avoid hurting or offending another person, to emphasize their best qualities, to avoid getting into a conflict, or to speed up or slow down a relationship." Following the lead of others who study verbal deceit, Buller and
Burgoon label these three strategies falsification, concealment, and
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has a chapter dedicated to the usage of the polygraph, in which he discusses the element of "fear" and states that "the severity of the punishment will influence the truthful person's fear of being misjudged just as much as the lying person's fear of being spotted—both suffer the same consequences."
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Buller and
Burgoon think that the Othello error is typical of most interactions where honesty is an issue. Their theory explains why detection of deception (and detection of truth telling) is a hit-and-miss business. One could believe someone was lying when they were not, or one could believe their
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Othello made the mistake of assuming that he understood the source of
Desdemona's anguish. He assumed that his wife's sobs when confronted were a sign of her guilt; he didn't understand that her grief was rooted not in guilt, but in her knowledge that there was no way to convince her husband of her
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This is difficult and requires the lie catcher to have previous background knowledge of the suspect and the emotions they convey under different types of duress. The lie catcher needs to know the emotional characteristics of the suspect so that they are aware of what emotions they convey when they
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is the fundamental deception that can occur between two (or more) people face-to-face and is what drives the
Othello error. David Buller and Judee Burgoon coined this theory after 25 experiments in which they would ask one participant to attempt to deceive another. They concluded that people often
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of another, one must ascertain if the emotion sign of emotion is a fear of being caught lying or a fear of being falsely accused and negatively judged. The lie catcher must estimate both the emotions a suspect will be feeling if they are lying but also if they are being truthful. Just as not all
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while the subject is asked and answers a series of questions. The polygraph is currently being used in 19 of 50 states in the US. The use of polygraph in court testimony remains controversial, and no judge can force a witness to go through with the test, although it is used extensively in
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Attempts to overcome this—such as the Matte-Quadri comparison technique that factors into the system the innocent examinee's fear of terror and quantifies the results, hence addressing physiological responses produced by that emotion—have been met with scepticism.
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Lie detectors use questioning techniques in conjunction with technology to measure human responses to these stimuli to attempt to ascertain if that person is lying or telling the truth. The most longstanding and still most frequently used measure is the
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The error was studied most extensively after 9/11. Many law enforcement officials were on high alert for future attacks and quick to point the finger at "suspicious-looking" individuals. The process for determining who was a potential suspect was the
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are suspected of wrongdoing versus when they actually have done wrong. Not everybody is likely to feel afraid, guilty, angry, and so on when they know they are suspected of wrongdoing or lying. It depends in part upon the personality of the suspect.
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The lie catcher must make an effort to consider the possibility that a sign of an emotion is not a clue to deceit but a clue to how a truthful person feels about being suspected of lying. When analyzing the
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states, "when the lie catcher fails to consider that a truthful person who is under stress may appear to be lying," their non-verbal signals expressing their worry at the possibility of being disbelieved. A
129:, which provides an "excellent and famous example" of what can happen when fear and distress upon confrontation do not signal deception. In the play, Othello falsely believes that his wife,
668:
Verschuere, B.; Meijer, E. & Merckelbach, H. (2008). "The Quadri-Track Zone
Comparison Technique: It's just not science: A critique to Mangan, Armitage, and Adams (2008)".
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159:. The three differ in that falsification creates a fiction, concealment hides a secret, and equivocation dodges the issue, yet all three are types of deception.
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test. A polygraph, popularly referred to as a lie detector, measures and records several physiological indices such as blood pressure, pulse, respiration, and
182:," which is a system to taxonomize human facial movements by their appearance on the face, based on a system originally developed by a Swedish anatomist named
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are fundamentally flawed, is the
Othello error—an especially emotional, angry or distraught subject produces similar results to a supposed liar. Ekman's
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617:"Is Matte's Inside Track the Answer to False Positives, False Negatives and Countermeasures? There is Reason to Fear that Hope is Gone"
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liars will have every possible feeling about lying, not all truthful people will have every feeling about being under suspicion.
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Rosenfeld, J. P. (1995). "Alternative Views of
Bashore and Rapp's (1993) alternatives to traditional polygraphy: a critique".
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post-conviction supervision, particularly of sex offenders. The reason that the test is controversial, and the reason that
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may be deceived in the same way by misinterpreting nervous signals from a truthful person. The error is named after
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In Lewis, M. & Saarni, C. (Eds.), Lying and deception in everyday life (pp. 184-200). New York: Guilford Press.
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Bond, Charles F.; Fahey, William E. (1987). "False suspicion and the misperception of deceit".
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Forensic
Psychophysiology Using The Polygraph: Scientific Truth Verification - Lie Detection
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The phrase "Othello error" was first used in the book
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Misinterpretation of stress as a suspicious attitude
1184:Othello Ballet Suite/Electronic Organ Sonata No. 1
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459:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
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152:Interpersonal deception theory
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963:(1887; opera by Verdi)
649:Cite journal requires
565:Psychological Bulletin
362:Shakespeare, William.
761:William Shakespeare's
590:James, Matte (1996).
535:Hjortsjö, CH (1969).
312:Forensic Interviewing
1242:Beast with two backs
1202:The Othello Syndrome
1187:(1967; ballet suite)
993:(1998; ballet score)
427:Communication Theory
325:Social Communication
184:Carl-Herman Hjortsjö
1432:Human communication
1349:Goodnight Desdemona
227:Potential solutions
91:William Shakespeare
43:improve the content
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542:2022-08-06 at the
286:Ekman, P. (1985).
212:lie detector tests
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41:Please help
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1376:(2015 film)
1373:The Dresser
1368:(2012 play)
1344:(1983 film)
1341:The Dresser
1336:(1980 play)
1333:The Dresser
1296:(1931 film)
1288:(1921 film)
1156:Jarum Halus
1091:adaptations
941:adaptations
865:adaptations
137:innocence.
1406:Categories
1365:Red Velvet
1167:From Verdi
1124:Kaliyattam
917:(UK; 1970)
908:(US; 1969)
890:Masquerade
850:(1565) by
839:(1550) by
774:Characters
633:2017-12-12
517:: 79–129.
485:2015-11-05
401:2015-11-05
380:2015-11-05
347:2015-11-05
297:0393337456
267:References
121:Paul Ekman
78:Paul Ekman
1325:Saptapadi
1215:Paintings
922:Desdemona
817:Brabantio
787:Desdemona
447:146464264
364:"Othello"
203:polygraph
167:Post-9/11
131:Desdemona
105:Desdemona
87:polygraph
1293:Carnival
1285:Carnival
1000:Bandanna
812:Roderigo
690:54251001
540:Archived
245:See also
1437:Anxiety
1427:Othello
1384:Related
1277:a story
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1234:Phrases
1224:Othello
990:Othello
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111:History
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655:help
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