354:
817:, its inmates initially refused to accept them, "though they knew him to be a holy man", because "he was originally of another province, and had reigned over them as a foreign king", and thus "they retained their ancient aversion to him, even after death". It was only after Oswald's bones were the focus of was said to be a miracle, in which, during the night, a pillar of light appeared over the wagon in which the bones were being carried and shone up into the sky, that they were accepted into the monastery: "in the morning, the brethren who had refused it the day before, began themselves earnestly to pray that those holy relics, so beloved by God, might be deposited among them".
576:
Bede's portrayal of Oswald stands out as unusual as a king regarded as saintly for his life while ruling, in contrast to a king who gives up the kingship in favour of religious life or who is venerated because of the manner of his death. Bede recounts Oswald's generosity to the poor and to strangers and tells a story highlighting this characteristic: on one occasion, at Easter, Oswald was sitting at dinner with Aidan and had "a silver dish full of dainties before him", when a servant, whom Oswald "had appointed to relieve the poor", came in and told Oswald that a crowd of the poor were in the streets begging
848:
790:) to an ash tree, which gave the tree ageless vigour; when the bird dropped the arm onto the ground, a spring emerged from the ground. Both the tree and the spring were, according to Reginald, subsequently associated with healing miracles. Aspects of the legend have been considered to have pagan overtones or influences—this may represent a fusion of his status as a traditional Germanic warrior-king with Christianity. The name of the site, Oswestry, or "Oswald's Tree", is generally thought to be derived from Oswald's death there and the legends surrounding it. His
876:
Minus the arm, this can be seen to this day in the south transept of the cathedral. When creating this chapel the monks of
Peterborough had thought of how they had acquired it and built into the chapel a narrow tower—just big enough for a monk to climb to the top by an internal stair and stand guard over Oswald's arm 24 hours a day, every day of the year. The monk had to stand because the tower is not large enough for him to sit, sitting could lull him to sleep, and they knew what could happen when no-one was watching.
594:
31:
445:
771:
501:, who participated in Edwin's defeat in 633, seem to have presented an obstacle to Oswald's authority south of the Humber, although it has been generally thought that Oswald dominated Mercia to some degree after Heavenfield. It may have been to appease Oswald that Penda had Eadfrith, a captured son of Edwin (and thus a dynastic rival of Oswald), killed, although it is also possible that Penda had his own motives for the killing.
4015:
964:, first published in 1943), then the date of the Battle of Heavenfield (and the beginning of Oswald's reign) is pushed back from 634 to 633. Thus, if Oswald subsequently reigned for eight years, he would have actually been killed in 641. Poole's theory has been contested, however, and arguments have been made that Bede began his year on 25 December or 1 January, in which case Bede's years would be accurate as he gives them.
871:(a saint with whom Oswald became posthumously associated, although the two were not associated in life; Cuthbert became bishop of Lindisfarne more than forty years after Oswald's death) and other valuables in a quickly made coffin, where it is generally believed to remain, although there are at least four other claimed heads of Oswald in continental Europe. One of his arms is said to have ended up in
543:, it is uncertain whether this was a son from his marriage to Cynegils' daughter or from an earlier relationship—since Æthelwald began ruling in Deira in 651, it has been argued that a son from this marriage would have been too young at the time to be trusted with this position, and therefore may have been older, the product of a relationship Oswald had during his exile.
314:, was a member of the Deiran royal line, whom Æthelfrith apparently married as part of his acquisition of Deira or consolidation of power there. Oswald was apparently born in or around the year 604, since Bede says that he was killed at the age of 38 in 642; Æthelfrith's acquisition of Deira is also believed to have occurred around 604.
1732:
621:, perhaps explaining why Bede is silent on the cause of the war, he says only that Oswald died "fighting for his fatherland", as well as his failure to mention other offensive warfare Oswald is presumed to have engaged in between Heavenfield and Maserfield. Oswald may have had an ally in Penda's brother
616:
at the time, suggests that Penda may have had
British allies in this battle, and this is also suggested by surviving Welsh poetry which has been thought to indicate the participation of the men of Powys in the battle. It has also been considered that, if the traditional identification of the site as
875:
later in the Middle Ages. The story is that a small group of monks from
Peterborough made their way to Bamburgh where Oswald's uncorrupted arm was kept and stole it under the cover of darkness. They returned with it to Peterborough and in due time a chapel was created for the arm, Oswald's Chapel.
609:(although other candidates for the location of the battle have been suggested) and his body was dismembered. Bede mentions the story that Oswald "ended his life in prayer": he prayed for the souls of his soldiers when he saw that he was about to die. Oswald's head and limbs were placed on stakes.
430:
Be strong and act manfully. Behold, I will be with thee. This coming night go out from your camp into battle, for the Lord has granted me that at this time your foes shall be put to flight and
Cadwallon your enemy shall be delivered into your hands and you shall return victorious after battle and
309:
Oswald's father, Æthelfrith, was a successful
Bernician ruler who, after some years in power in Bernicia, also became king of Deira and thus was the first to rule both of the kingdoms that would come to be considered the constituent kingdoms of Northumbria. It would, however, be anachronistic to
575:
Although Oswald could be interpreted as a martyr for his death in battle, Bede puts a clear emphasis on Oswald being saintly as a king. Bede does not focus on his martyrdom as being primary to his sainthood: indeed it has been noted that Bede never uses the word 'martyr' in reference to Oswald.
485:
Oswald seems to have been widely recognized as overlord, although the extent of his authority is uncertain. Bede makes the claim that Oswald "brought under his dominion all the nations and provinces of
Britain", which, as Bede notes, was divided by language among the English, Britons, Scots and
1305:
Stancliffe, "Where Was Oswald Killed?", argues in favour of the traditional identification of the site with
Oswestry. For Stancliffe's argument regarding Bede's portrayal of Oswald as fighting only just wars, Bede's attempt to portray Maserfield as being part of a just war (being fought
580:
from the king. According to Bede Oswald immediately had his food given to the poor and even had the dish broken up and distributed. Aidan was greatly impressed and seized Oswald's right hand, stating: "May this hand never perish." Accordingly, Bede reports that the hand and arm remained
895:. William Wordsworth's grave is located in the cemetery here. St Oswald's Church, Compton Abdale in Gloucestershire was dedicated to St Oswald following Æthelflæd's foundation of St Oswald's Priory in 909. St Oswald's Catholic Church lies to the north of Peterborough City Centre.
1184:
Stancliffe, "Oswald", p. 60. According to
Stancliffe, "Oswald would scarcely have been remembered as an effective overlord in so many Southhumbrian kingdoms if his power had been checked this early in his career." The report is given under the year 637 in the Annals of
508:, given the evidence of a story told by Bede regarding the moving of Oswald's bones to a monastery there; Bede says that the monks rejected the bones initially because Oswald had ruled over them as a foreign king. To the north, it may have been Oswald who conquered the
1194:
Stancliffe, "Oswald", pp. 54 and 71–75. Stancliffe mentions Penda's possible reasons for independently having
Eadfrith killed and expresses doubt that Bede would have regarded Oswald as such a saintly figure if he had known Oswald was responsible for Eadfrith's
293:, writing a little less than a century after Oswald's death, who regarded Oswald as a saintly king; it is also Bede who is the main source for present-day historical knowledge of Oswald. After eight years of rule, in which he was the most powerful ruler in
435:
Oswald described his vision to his council and all agreed that they would be baptised and accept
Christianity after the battle. In the battle that followed, the Welsh (Brytons) were routed despite their superior numbers; Cadwallon himself was killed.
805:, who succeeded Oswald in Bernicia, retrieved Oswald's remains in the year after his death. In writing of one miracle associated with Oswald, Bede gives some indication of how Oswald was regarded in conquered lands: years later, when his niece
516:, thought to have been the royal stronghold of the Gododdin, in 638, and this seems to mark the end of the kingdom; that this siege was undertaken by Oswald is suggested by the apparent control of the area by his brother Oswiu in the 650s.
572:. Aidan achieved great success in spreading the Christian faith. Bede mentions that Oswald acted as Aidan's interpreter when the latter was preaching, since Aidan did not know English well and Oswald had learned Irish during his exile.
555:
in 627, it was Oswald who did the most to spread the religion in Northumbria. Shortly after becoming king he asked the Irish of Dál Riata to send a bishop to facilitate the conversion of his people. The Irish at first sent an "austere"
1279:
For Bede's mention of Oswald's dying prayer (which he cautiously reports as hearsay) and Oswald's dismemberment, the placing of his body-parts on stakes, and Oswiu's later recovery of those boody-parts and burial of them at
388:
became king of Bernicia but was killed by Cadwallon in 634 (or 633) after attempting to negotiate peace. Subsequently Oswald, at the head of a small army (possibly with the aid of allies from the north, the Scots and/or the
635:; while the source only mentions that Eowa was killed, not the side on which he fought, it has been speculated that Eowa was subject to Oswald and fighting alongside him in the battle, in opposition to Penda.
786:, and people took dirt from the site, which led to a hole being dug as deep as a man's height. Reginald of Durham recounts another miracle, saying that his right arm was taken by a bird (perhaps a
486:
Picts; however he seems to undermine his own claim when he mentions at another point in his history that it was Oswald's brother Oswiu who made tributary the Picts and Scots. An Irish source, the
617:
Oswestry is correct, Oswald was on the offensive, in the territory of his enemies. This could conflict with Bede's saintly portrayal of Oswald, since an aggressive war could hardly qualify as a
880:
384:
in 633 (or 632, depending on when the years used by Bede are considered to have begun), Northumbria was split into its constituent kingdoms of Bernicia and Deira. Oswald's brother
952:
Bede gives the year of Oswald's death as 642. However there is some question of whether what Bede considered 642 is the same as what would now be considered 642. R. L. Poole (
456:
Following the victory at Heavenfield, Oswald reunited Northumbria and re-established the Bernician supremacy, which had been interrupted by Edwin. Bede says that Oswald held
466:
say that Oswald's reign was actually considered to be nine years, the ninth year being accounted for by assigning to Oswald the year preceding his rule, "on account of the
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490:, records that the Anglo-Saxons banded together against Oswald early in his reign; this may indicate an attempt to put an end to Oswald's overlordship south of the
329:(Acha's brother), became king of Northumbria and Oswald and his brothers fled to the north. Oswald thus spent the remainder of his youth in the Scottish kingdom of
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refer to a Northumbrian people or identity at this early stage, when the Bernicians and the Deirans were still clearly distinct peoples. Oswald's mother,
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on the location of the wooden cross left by Oswald at Heavenfield, the night before the battle. This was rebuilt in 1717. The site is visible from the
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in Cumbria is so named because it is believed that his body was taken there after his death. The local church is ascribed to him. Another
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It was a conflict with the pagan Mercians under Penda that proved to be Oswald's undoing. He was killed in 642, by the Mercians at the
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erected; he knelt down, holding the cross in position until enough earth had been thrown in the hole to make it stand firm. He then
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Stancliffe, Clare, "Oswald, 'Most Holy and Most Victorious King of the Northumbrians'", in C. Stancliffe and E. Cambridge (eds),
956:, 1934) put forward the theory that Bede's years began in September, and if this theory is followed (as it was, for instance, by
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In the early 10th century, Bardney was in Viking territory, and in 909, following a combined West Saxon and Mercian raid led by
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during this period of exile. It has been considered that Oswald is one of the three Saxon princes mentioned in the Irish poem
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317:Æthelfrith, who was for years a successful war-leader, especially against the native British, was eventually killed in the
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had heard from Oswald himself. Oswald, he says, had a vision of Columba the night before the battle, in which he was told
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Oswald soon came to be regarded as a saint. Bede says that the spot where he died came to be associated with
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practised by those who had ruled that one year between him and Edwin"), and was the most powerful king in
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while fighting the forces of Penda of Mercia, who then himself was defeated by Oswald's brother Oswiu.
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of Oswald, is linked to the saint, although it's more likely to be the name of the owner of the land.
342:
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1175:. See Kirby, , p. 70, for how this indicates Bede was defining Oswald's supremacy in excessive terms.
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1310:), and his omission of previous aggressive warfare Oswald is thought to have engaged in, see p. 93.
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is 5 August. The cult surrounding him even gained prominence in parts of continental Europe; cf.
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Rollason, David, "St Oswald in Post-Conquest England", in C. Stancliffe and E. Cambridge (eds),
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The traditional identification of the battle site with Oswestry, probably in the territory of
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1568:(2001). "Gloucester and the new minster of St Oswald". In Higham, N. J.; Hill, D. H. (eds.).
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king in crown, carrying sceptre and orb, ciborium, sword, palm-branch, and/or with his raven
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Stephens, Samuel J. "Heavensfield." Illuminations of the Fantastic Online Magazine. Poetry.
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Stancliffe, Clare, "Where Was Oswald Killed?", in C. Stancliffe and E. Cambridge (eds),
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Bailey, Richard N., "St Oswald's Heads", in C. Stancliffe and E. Cambridge (eds),
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Some English place names record his reign, for example it has been claimed that
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Not listed in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, but held equivalent or greater power.
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in Northumbria. He was given a strongly positive assessment by the historian
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531:, and married Cynegils' daughter. Her name is reported by only one source,
482:. Adomnán describes Oswald as "ordained by God as Emperor of all Britain".
449:
286:
214:
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1704:. London, Pub. for the Early English text society, by N. Trübner & co.
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539:, which says that it was Kyneburga. Although Oswald had one known son,
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is purportedly on one of the sites he preached on, on a bank of the
795:
325:. This defeat meant that an exiled member of the Deiran royal line,
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1989:
1729:(London: Routledge, 2003) online in Credo Reference. Historiography
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The King in the North: The Life and Times of Oswald of Northumbria
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1530:, "The formation of the Mercian kingdom", in S. Bassett (ed.),
859:, one of many churches and place names which commemorate Oswald
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560:, who was unsuccessful in his mission, and subsequently sent
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once again under a single ruler and promoted the spread of
1486:(trans.) (2008). Farmer, D. H.; Latham, Ronald E. (eds.).
1482:
828:, St Oswald's relics were translated to a new minster in
401:. Before the battle, tradition says Oswald had a wooden
879:
Several churches bear the name of St Oswald, including
597:
Oswald crowned as a king from a 13th-century manuscript
16:
King of Northumbria from 634 to 641/42; Christian saint
625:, who was also killed in the battle, according to the
4003:
1167:
For the mention of Oswald's power over Britain, see
840:, were buried in the priory, and their nephew, King
460:for the eight years of his rule (both Bede and the
4063:Converts to Christianity from Anglo-Saxon paganism
1721:. Vol. 11. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1889:
1690:
519:Oswald seems to have been on good terms with the
4029:
1488:The Ecclesiastical History of the English People
1145:, manuscript E, year 634. The quote is from the
238:from 634 until his death, and is venerated as a
304:
3899:
3779:
3342:
3216:
1875:
1644:", in C. Stancliffe and E. Cambridge (eds),
1544:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
337:to Christianity. He may also have fought in
257:and came to rule after spending a period in
3356:
1646:Oswald: Northumbrian King to European Saint
1628:Oswald: Northumbrian King to European Saint
1621:Oswald: Northumbrian King to European Saint
1614:Oswald: Northumbrian King to European Saint
1508:Oswald: Northumbrian King to European Saint
1336:
1334:
1024:
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551:Although Edwin had previously converted to
448:A map showing the general locations of the
3906:
3892:
3786:
3772:
3349:
3335:
3223:
3209:
1882:
1868:
1660:The Politics of Exile in Early Northumbria
1579:The Ruler Portraits of Anglo-Saxon England
1125:
1123:
1089:
1087:
836:in his honour. Æthelflæd, and her husband
4103:Burials at St Oswald's Priory, Gloucester
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166:5 August 641/642 (aged 37–38)
35:A 12th-century painting of St Oswald in
1725:Pelteret, David A.E. "Oswald: d. 642,"
1541:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1120:
1084:
948:
946:
844:, was a major patron of Oswald's cult.
369:After Cadwallon ap Cadfan, the king of
345:, being named as 'Osalt' in that work.
4030:
1708:
1576:
1475:Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum
1458:translated and edited Richard Sharpe.
1267:Stancliffe, "Where Was Oswald Killed?"
1244:Stancliffe, "Oswald", pp. 41–42.
234:; c 604 – 5 August 641/642) was
229:
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1863:
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422:offers a longer account, which Abbot
380:, killed Edwin of Deira in battle at
1749:Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England
1360:
943:
801:Bede mentions that Oswald's brother
1532:The Origins of Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms
1468:
918:in Scotland also commemorates him.
512:. Irish annals record the siege of
13:
1709:Parker, Stanislaus Anselm (1911).
1670:
357:Portrait of Oswald (lower right),
333:in northern Britain, where he was
14:
4129:
1738:
1727:Reader's Guide to British History
1234:Bede, Book III, chapters 3 and 5.
954:Studies in Chronology and History
504:Oswald apparently controlled the
242:, of whom there was a particular
4013:
2591:Æbbe "the Younger" of Coldingham
1715:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
1538:Craig, D. J. (2004). "Oswald ".
1371:King Alfred and the Anglo Saxons
29:
3134:Hwita of Whitchurch Canonicorum
1419:
1405:
1396:
1387:
1378:
1354:
1343:
1322:
1313:
1299:
1247:
1238:
1227:
1218:
1207:
1198:
1188:
1178:
1161:
1152:
1132:
1107:
1096:
1075:
546:
439:
409:and asked his army to join in.
3230:
2586:Æbbe "the Elder" of Coldingham
1666:, Issue 2, Autumn/Winter 1999.
1066:
1041:
1010:
1001:
992:
967:
863:Oswald's head was interred in
739:St Oswald's Priory, Gloucester
393:), met Cadwallon in battle at
1:
4058:Anglo-Saxons killed in battle
4048:7th-century Christian martyrs
1891:Saints of Anglo-Saxon England
1755:"St. Oswald, King and Martyr"
1640:Tudor, Victoria, "Reginald's
1577:Karkov, Catherine E. (2004).
1490:. Penguin Classics. Penguin.
1448:
867:together with the remains of
838:Æthelred, ealdorman of Mercia
523:: he stood as sponsor to the
4053:7th-century English monarchs
2309:Edburga of Minster-in-Thanet
1759:Butler's Lives of the Saints
1558:UK public library membership
1204:Stancliffe, "Oswald", p. 58.
1007:Stancliffe, "Oswald", p. 36.
774:St Oswald relic receptacle,
261:. After defeating the Welsh
7:
4073:Roman Catholic royal saints
2766:Eosterwine of Monkwearmouth
2274:Æbbe of Thanet (Domne Eafe)
1350:Bede, Book III, chapter 11.
1158:Adomnán, Book I, chapter I.
1129:Adomnán, Book I, Chapter 1.
588:
494:, which presumably failed.
305:Background, youth and exile
297:, Oswald was killed in the
10:
4134:
4108:Royal House of Northumbria
2877:Florentius of Peterborough
2696:Ceolfrith of Monkwearmouth
1600:The Earliest English Kings
1254:Bede, Book III, chapter 6.
1214:Bede, Book III, chapter 7.
1103:Bede, Book III, chapter 2.
1062:Bede, Book III, chapter 1.
881:The Church of Saint Oswald
227:Old English pronunciation:
4078:Monarchs killed in action
3921:
3801:
3648:
3515:
3442:
3364:
3311:
3238:
3167:
3034:Beorhthelm of Shaftesbury
2956:
2930:
2849:
2816:Sigfrith of Monkwearmouth
2573:
2425:Cyneswith of Peterborough
2342:
2266:
2225:
2170:
2139:
2011:Æthelburh of Faremoutiers
2006:Æthelberht of East Anglia
1998:
1897:
1847:
1839:
1828:
1820:
1810:
1801:
1793:
1788:
1768:
1415:. Gazetteer for Scotland.
1139:Bede, Book III, chapter 1
758:
748:
713:
701:
688:The Roman Catholic Church
683:
675:
659:
654:
645:
273:, Oswald brought the two
210:
200:
190:
178:
170:
162:
146:
138:
128:
120:
112:
104:
94:
86:
78:
68:
58:
50:
43:
28:
23:
3119:Frithestan of Winchester
3104:Earmund of Stoke Fleming
2671:Billfrith of Lindisfarne
2626:Æthelwold of Lindisfarne
2535:Regenhere of Northampton
2096:Sigeberht of East Anglia
2051:Cuthbald of Peterborough
1702:Ælfric's Lives of Saints
1570:Edward the Elder 899–924
1520:Berresford Ellis, Peter
936:
319:battle of the River Idle
3748:Ragnall II Guthfrithson
3358:Monarchs of Northumbria
3190:Urith of Chittlehampton
3144:Margaret of Dunfermline
3039:Beornstan of Winchester
3024:Benignus of Glastonbury
3014:Æthelwold of Winchester
3004:Æthelnoth of Canterbury
2862:Firmin of North Crawley
2857:Augustine of Canterbury
2746:Eardwulf of Northumbria
2726:Eadfrith of Lindisfarne
2716:Eadberht of Lindisfarne
2701:Ceolwulf of Northumbria
2611:Æthelgyth of Coldingham
2450:Eadweard of Maugersbury
2304:Deusdedit of Canterbury
2299:Berhtwald of Canterbury
1697:"Of Saint Oswold"
1296:, Book III, chapter 12.
1224:Tudor, p. 187, note 57.
960:in his notable history
869:Cuthbert of Lindisfarne
851:Saint Oswald's church,
478:he is referred to as a
373:, in alliance with the
343:Togail Bruidne Dá Derga
323:Raedwald of East Anglia
4068:Christian royal saints
3868:(656–664 - joint king)
3258:Rædwald of East Anglia
3180:Juthwara of Sherbourne
3149:Swithhun of Winchester
3089:Eadweard the Confessor
2999:Æthelgar of Canterbury
2979:Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury
2922:Theodore of Canterbury
2907:Mellitus of Canterbury
2902:Laurence of Canterbury
2887:Honorius of Canterbury
2731:Eadwine of Northumbria
2721:Eadfrith of Leominster
2601:Ælfwald of Northumbria
2485:Frithuwold of Chertsey
2420:Cynehelm of Winchcombe
2415:Cyneburh of Gloucester
2390:Beorhthelm of Stafford
2365:Æthelmod of Leominster
2329:Nothhelm of Canterbury
2314:Eanswith of Folkestone
2253:Indract of Glastonbury
2076:Hiurmine of Blythburgh
2056:Eadmund of East Anglia
1975:Patrick of Glastonbury
1770:Oswald of Northumbria
1712:"St. Oswald (2)"
1550:10.1093/ref:odnb/20916
1366:"Lady of the Mercians"
1081:Berresford Ellis, p.89
1031:Historia Ecclesiastica
860:
779:
692:The Anglican Communion
598:
585:after Oswald's death.
453:
433:
366:
349:Victory over Cadwallon
251:Æthelfrith of Bernicia
249:Oswald was the son of
4093:Northumbrian monarchs
4083:Northumbrian folklore
3154:Wulfsige of Sherborne
3079:Eadgyth of Polesworth
3069:Eadburh of Winchester
3064:Dunstan of Canterbury
3009:Æthelwine of Athelney
2989:Ælfheah of Winchester
2984:Ælfheah of Canterbury
2948:Lewina of Bishopstone
2938:Cuthflæd of Lyminster
2882:Hadrian of Canterbury
2867:Birinus of Dorchester
2806:Oswine of Northumbria
2801:Oswald of Northumbria
2646:Balthere of Tyningham
2631:Alchhild of Middleham
2606:Æthelburh of Hackness
2540:Rumbold of Buckingham
2480:Frithuswith of Oxford
2455:Ealdgyth of Stortford
2440:Eadburh of Southwell
2360:Æthelberht of Bedford
2355:Ælfthryth of Crowland
2294:Albinus of Canterbury
2258:Maildub of Malmesbury
2202:Grimbald of St Bertin
1930:Congar of Congresbury
1920:Branwalator of Milton
1718:Catholic Encyclopedia
1581:. The Boydell Press.
1456:Life of Saint Columba
1431:The Church of England
979:The Church of England
850:
773:
639:Veneration and legacy
596:
476:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
474:. In the 9th-century
463:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
447:
428:
359:Epitome of Chronicles
356:
271:Battle of Heavenfield
4088:Anglo-Saxon warriors
3915:Monarchs of Bernicia
3273:Oswiu of Northumbria
3159:Wulfthryth of Wilton
3129:Humbert of Stokenham
3059:Cwenburh of Wimborne
3044:Beornwald of Bampton
3019:Aldhelm of Sherborne
2943:Cuthmann of Steyning
2897:Justus of Canterbury
2711:Dryhthelm of Melrose
2666:Bercthun of Beverley
2475:Frithuric of Breedon
2460:Earconwald of London
2445:Eadgyth of Aylesbury
2375:Æthelwynn of Sodbury
2319:Eormengyth of Thanet
2233:Aidan of Lindisfarne
2152:Hildelith of Barking
2147:Æthelburh of Barking
2071:Herefrith of Thorney
2026:Æthelwine of Lindsey
1960:Melorius of Amesbury
1843:Edwin of Northumbria
1658:Ziegler, Michelle, "
832:, which was renamed
737:later translated to
603:Battle of Maserfield
365:, early 13th century
299:Battle of Maserfield
246:in the Middle Ages.
133:Eanfrith of Bernicia
63:Edwin of Northumbria
4098:Northumbrian saints
3733:Olaf I Guthfrithson
3288:Æthelbald of Mercia
3124:Hædde of Winchester
3094:Eadweard the Martyr
3054:Cuthburh of Wimborn
2994:Æthelflæd of Romsey
2917:Peter of Canterbury
2796:Osthryth of Bardney
2686:Ceadda of Lichfield
2565:Wulfhild of Barking
2550:Werburgh of Chester
2525:Oswald of Worcester
2515:Milred of Worcester
2500:Mildburh of Wenlock
2490:Hæmma of Leominster
2435:Eadburh of Pershore
2430:Eadburh of Bicester
2217:Wulfram of Grantham
2207:Monegunda of Watton
2116:Walstan of Bawburgh
2106:Torthred of Thorney
2066:Guthlac of Crowland
2016:Æthelflæd of Ramsey
1955:Judoc of Winchester
1945:Elfin of Warrington
1915:Brannoc of Braunton
1676:Adams, Max (2013),
1036:Book III, chapter 9
962:Anglo-Saxon England
885:B6318 Military Road
809:moved his bones to
488:Annals of Tigernach
452:around the year 600
450:Anglo-Saxon peoples
267:Cadwallon ap Cadfan
236:King of Northumbria
174:Kyneburga of Wessex
3651:Viking Northumbria
3283:Æthelred of Mercia
3278:Wulfhere of Mercia
3268:Oswald of Bernicia
3253:Æthelberht of Kent
3185:Rumbold of Mechlin
3049:Centwine of Wessex
3029:Beocca of Chertsey
2831:Wilfrith of Hexham
2826:Wihtberht of Ripon
2736:Ealdberht of Ripon
2706:Cuthbert of Durham
2636:Alchmund of Hexham
2621:Æthelwold of Farne
2616:Æthelsige of Ripon
2530:Osburh of Coventry
2510:Mildrith of Thanet
2470:Freomund of Mercia
2410:Cyneburh of Castor
2395:Coenwulf of Mercia
2370:Æthelred of Mercia
2334:Sigeburh of Thanet
2324:Mildrith of Thanet
2284:Æthelburh of Kent
2279:Æthelberht of Kent
2226:Irish and Scottish
2182:Balthild of Romsey
2101:Tancred of Thorney
2041:Botwulf of Thorney
2031:Athwulf of Thorney
2021:Æthelthryth of Ely
1990:Sativola of Exeter
1980:Rumon of Tavistock
1965:Nectan of Hartland
1940:Decuman of Watchet
1761:. 12 January 2023.
1364:(13 August 2013).
1173:Book II, chapter 5
873:Peterborough Abbey
861:
853:Bad Kleinkirchheim
834:St Oswald's Priory
780:
627:Historia Britonnum
599:
533:Reginald of Durham
506:Kingdom of Lindsey
454:
367:
231:[ˈoːzwɑɫd]
185:Œthelwald of Deira
4001:
4000:
3881:
3880:
3795:Monarchs of Deira
3761:
3760:
3324:
3323:
3298:Cœnwulf of Mercia
3248:Ceawlin of Wessex
3198:
3197:
3175:Arilda of Oldbury
3139:Mærwynn of Romsey
3084:Eadgyth of Wilton
3074:Eadgar of England
2974:Ælfgifu of Exeter
2969:Ælfgar of Selwood
2821:Tatberht of Ripon
2756:Ecgberht of Ripon
2691:Cedd of Lichfield
2596:Ælfflæd of Whitby
2560:Wigstan of Repton
2520:Oda of Canterbury
2405:Credan of Evesham
2385:Beonna of Breedon
2238:Boisil of Melrose
2212:Odwulf of Evesham
2061:Eadnoth of Ramsey
2046:Cissa of Crowland
1935:Dachuna of Bodmin
1910:Barloc of Norbury
1858:
1857:
1811:Succeeded by
1692:Ælfric of Eynsham
1642:Life of St Oswald
1566:Heighway, Carolyn
1556:(Subscription or
1503:
1497:978-0-14-044565-7
1484:Leo Sherley-Price
1393:Karkov, pp. 77–79
1384:Heighway, p. 108.
1340:Rollason, p. 170.
927:Church of England
768:
767:
696:Eastern Orthodoxy
684:Venerated in
220:
219:
4125:
4018:
4017:
4016:
4009:
3908:
3901:
3894:
3885:
3884:
3788:
3781:
3774:
3765:
3764:
3656:
3523:
3450:
3372:
3351:
3344:
3337:
3328:
3327:
3317:
3303:Egbert of Wessex
3225:
3218:
3211:
3202:
3201:
3109:Edor of Chertsey
3099:Eadwold of Cerne
2964:Æbbe of Abingdon
2912:Paulinus of York
2892:James the Deacon
2841:Wilgils of Ripon
2811:Sicgred of Ripon
2786:John of Beverley
2681:Botwine of Ripon
2656:Bega of Copeland
2641:Alkmund of Derby
2465:Egwin of Evesham
2400:Cotta of Breedon
2350:Ælfnoth of Stowe
2289:Æthelred of Kent
2248:Ultan the Scribe
2197:Helier of Jersey
2131:Wulfric of Holme
2036:Blida of Martham
1970:Neot of Cornwall
1925:Credan of Bodmin
1905:Aldate of Oxford
1884:
1877:
1870:
1861:
1860:
1840:Preceded by
1821:Preceded by
1804:King of Bernicia
1794:Preceded by
1784:
1777:
1766:
1765:
1762:
1722:
1714:
1705:
1699:
1592:
1573:
1561:
1553:
1528:Brooks, Nicholas
1501:
1480:
1479:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1409:
1403:
1400:
1394:
1391:
1385:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1358:
1352:
1347:
1341:
1338:
1329:
1326:
1320:
1317:
1311:
1303:
1297:
1277:
1268:
1265:
1256:
1251:
1245:
1242:
1236:
1231:
1225:
1222:
1216:
1211:
1205:
1202:
1196:
1192:
1186:
1182:
1176:
1165:
1159:
1156:
1150:
1136:
1130:
1127:
1118:
1111:
1105:
1100:
1094:
1091:
1082:
1079:
1073:
1070:
1064:
1059:
1048:
1045:
1039:
1026:
1017:
1014:
1008:
1005:
999:
996:
990:
989:
987:
985:
975:"Search results"
971:
965:
950:
865:Durham Cathedral
826:Alfred the Great
719:
708:Pre-Congregation
679:5 August 641/642
643:
642:
632:Annales Cambriae
568:to Aidan as his
535:'s 12th century
233:
228:
37:Durham Cathedral
33:
21:
20:
4133:
4132:
4128:
4127:
4126:
4124:
4123:
4122:
4118:Anglican saints
4028:
4027:
4024:
4014:
4012:
4004:
4002:
3997:
3917:
3912:
3882:
3877:
3797:
3792:
3762:
3757:
3654:
3653:
3644:
3521:
3520:
3511:
3448:
3447:
3438:
3370:
3369:
3360:
3355:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3307:
3234:
3229:
3199:
3194:
3163:
2952:
2926:
2845:
2791:Osana of Howden
2771:Hilda of Whitby
2661:Benedict Biscop
2569:
2545:Tibba of Ryhall
2338:
2262:
2221:
2192:Felix of Dommoc
2174:
2172:
2166:
2162:Sæbbi of London
2135:
2126:Wihtburh of Ely
2111:Tova of Thorney
2091:Seaxburh of Ely
2086:Pega of Peakirk
2081:Huna of Thorney
1994:
1898:British / Welsh
1893:
1888:
1853:
1845:
1834:
1826:
1816:
1807:
1799:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1753:
1741:
1673:
1671:Further reading
1589:
1555:
1524:BCA London 1993
1498:
1451:
1446:
1445:
1435:
1433:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1401:
1397:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1379:
1359:
1355:
1348:
1344:
1339:
1332:
1327:
1323:
1318:
1314:
1304:
1300:
1278:
1271:
1266:
1259:
1252:
1248:
1243:
1239:
1232:
1228:
1223:
1219:
1212:
1208:
1203:
1199:
1193:
1189:
1183:
1179:
1166:
1162:
1157:
1153:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1121:
1112:
1108:
1101:
1097:
1092:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1067:
1060:
1051:
1046:
1042:
1027:
1020:
1015:
1011:
1006:
1002:
998:Craig, "Oswald"
997:
993:
983:
981:
973:
972:
968:
951:
944:
939:
931:Lesser Festival
714:
664:
650:
648:
641:
591:
549:
537:Vita S. Oswaldi
527:of their king,
442:
378:Penda of Mercia
351:
307:
226:
151:
39:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4131:
4121:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4023:
4022:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3995:
3989:
3983:
3977:
3971:
3965:
3959:
3953:
3947:
3941:
3935:
3929:
3922:
3919:
3918:
3911:
3910:
3903:
3896:
3888:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3875:
3869:
3863:
3857:
3851:
3845:
3839:
3833:
3827:
3821:
3815:
3809:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3791:
3790:
3783:
3776:
3768:
3759:
3758:
3756:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3743:Olaf II Cuaran
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3723:Sitric I Caech
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3659:
3657:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3580:Æthelwald Moll
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3526:
3524:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3453:
3451:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3375:
3373:
3362:
3361:
3354:
3353:
3346:
3339:
3331:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3318:
3312:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3293:Offa of Mercia
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3263:Edwin of Deira
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3243:Ælle of Sussex
3239:
3236:
3235:
3228:
3227:
3220:
3213:
3205:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3171:
3169:
3168:Unclear origin
3165:
3164:
3162:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2960:
2958:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2934:
2932:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2853:
2851:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2781:Iwig of Wilton
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2751:Eata of Hexham
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2651:Beda of Jarrow
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2581:Acca of Hexham
2577:
2575:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2380:Aldwyn of Coln
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2346:
2344:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2270:
2268:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2243:Echa of Crayke
2240:
2235:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2187:Bertha of Kent
2184:
2178:
2176:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1894:
1887:
1886:
1879:
1872:
1864:
1856:
1855:
1846:
1841:
1837:
1836:
1827:
1822:
1818:
1817:
1812:
1809:
1800:
1795:
1791:
1790:
1789:Regnal titles
1786:
1785:
1769:
1764:
1763:
1751:
1740:
1739:External links
1737:
1736:
1735:
1730:
1723:
1706:
1688:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1667:
1664:The Heroic Age
1656:
1648:(1995, 1996).
1638:
1624:
1617:
1610:
1602:(1991, 2000).
1593:
1587:
1574:
1562:
1535:
1525:
1522:Celt and Saxon
1518:
1510:(1995, 1996).
1504:
1496:
1466:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1427:"The Calendar"
1418:
1404:
1395:
1386:
1377:
1353:
1342:
1330:
1328:Tudor, p. 190.
1321:
1312:
1298:
1269:
1257:
1246:
1237:
1226:
1217:
1206:
1197:
1187:
1177:
1160:
1151:
1131:
1119:
1115:Book of Joshua
1106:
1095:
1083:
1074:
1065:
1049:
1040:
1018:
1009:
1000:
991:
966:
941:
940:
938:
935:
906:, meaning the
887:. St Oswald's
824:, daughter of
778:, 12th century
766:
765:
762:
756:
755:
752:
746:
745:
720:
711:
710:
705:
699:
698:
685:
681:
680:
677:
673:
672:
661:
657:
656:
652:
651:
649:of Northumbria
646:
640:
637:
590:
587:
548:
545:
441:
438:
431:reign happily.
417:Life of Saint
382:Hatfield Chase
350:
347:
321:around 616 by
306:
303:
218:
217:
212:
208:
207:
202:
198:
197:
192:
188:
187:
182:
176:
175:
172:
168:
167:
164:
160:
159:
148:
144:
143:
140:
136:
135:
130:
126:
125:
122:
118:
117:
110:
109:
106:
102:
101:
99:Osric of Deira
96:
92:
91:
88:
84:
83:
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:
60:
56:
55:
52:
48:
47:
41:
40:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4130:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4026:
4021:
4011:
4010:
4007:
3993:
3990:
3987:
3984:
3981:
3978:
3975:
3972:
3969:
3966:
3963:
3960:
3957:
3954:
3951:
3948:
3945:
3942:
3939:
3936:
3933:
3930:
3927:
3924:
3923:
3920:
3916:
3909:
3904:
3902:
3897:
3895:
3890:
3889:
3886:
3873:
3870:
3867:
3864:
3861:
3858:
3855:
3852:
3849:
3846:
3843:
3840:
3837:
3834:
3831:
3828:
3825:
3822:
3819:
3816:
3813:
3810:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3800:
3796:
3789:
3784:
3782:
3777:
3775:
3770:
3769:
3766:
3754:
3753:Eric Bloodaxe
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3655:867–954
3652:
3647:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3527:
3525:
3522:642–867
3519:
3514:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3449:560–679
3446:
3441:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3371:547–670
3368:
3363:
3359:
3352:
3347:
3345:
3340:
3338:
3333:
3332:
3329:
3314:
3313:
3310:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3237:
3233:
3226:
3221:
3219:
3214:
3212:
3207:
3206:
3203:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3166:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2955:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2929:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2848:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2341:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2265:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2224:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2175:and Old Saxon
2169:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1985:Samson of Dol
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1950:Ivo of Ramsey
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1885:
1880:
1878:
1873:
1871:
1866:
1865:
1862:
1852:
1851:
1844:
1838:
1833:
1832:
1831:King of Deira
1825:
1819:
1815:
1806:
1805:
1798:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1775:
1767:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1719:
1713:
1707:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1689:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1674:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1655:
1654:1-871615-51-8
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1637:
1636:1-871615-51-8
1633:
1629:
1625:
1623:(1995, 1996).
1622:
1618:
1616:(1995, 1996).
1615:
1611:
1609:
1608:0-04-445692-1
1605:
1601:
1597:
1594:
1590:
1588:1-84383-059-0
1584:
1580:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1542:
1536:
1533:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1519:
1517:
1516:1-871615-51-8
1513:
1509:
1505:
1499:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1477:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1465:
1464:0-14-044462-9
1461:
1457:
1453:
1452:
1432:
1428:
1422:
1414:
1408:
1399:
1390:
1381:
1373:
1372:
1367:
1363:
1362:Wood, Michael
1357:
1351:
1346:
1337:
1335:
1325:
1316:
1309:
1302:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1276:
1274:
1264:
1262:
1255:
1250:
1241:
1235:
1230:
1221:
1215:
1210:
1201:
1191:
1181:
1174:
1170:
1164:
1155:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1135:
1126:
1124:
1116:
1110:
1104:
1099:
1090:
1088:
1078:
1072:Kirby, p. 73.
1069:
1063:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1047:Kirby, p. 57.
1044:
1037:
1033:
1032:
1025:
1023:
1016:Kirby, p. 60.
1013:
1004:
995:
980:
976:
970:
963:
959:
958:Frank Stenton
955:
949:
947:
942:
934:
933:on 5 August.
932:
928:
924:
919:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
900:Oswaldtwistle
896:
894:
890:
886:
882:
877:
874:
870:
866:
858:
854:
849:
845:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
818:
816:
812:
811:Bardney Abbey
808:
804:
799:
798:in Slovenia.
797:
793:
789:
785:
777:
772:
763:
761:
757:
753:
751:
747:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
723:Bardney Abbey
721:
718:
712:
709:
706:
704:
700:
697:
693:
689:
686:
682:
678:
674:
671:
667:
662:
658:
653:
644:
636:
634:
633:
628:
624:
620:
615:
610:
608:
604:
595:
586:
584:
579:
573:
571:
570:episcopal see
567:
563:
559:
554:
544:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
517:
515:
511:
507:
502:
500:
495:
493:
489:
483:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
464:
459:
451:
446:
437:
432:
427:
425:
421:
420:
414:
410:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
387:
383:
379:
376:
372:
364:
363:Matthew Paris
360:
355:
346:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
315:
313:
312:Acha of Deira
302:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
255:Acha of Deira
252:
247:
245:
241:
237:
232:
224:
216:
213:
209:
206:
205:Acha of Deira
203:
199:
196:
193:
189:
186:
183:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
158:
154:
149:
145:
141:
137:
134:
131:
127:
123:
119:
116:
111:
107:
103:
100:
97:
93:
89:
85:
82:
77:
74:
71:
67:
64:
61:
57:
53:
49:
46:
42:
38:
32:
27:
22:
19:
4025:
3985:
3835:
3728:Guthfrith II
3481:
3428:
3267:
2800:
2676:Bosa of York
2574:Northumbrian
1999:East Anglian
1848:
1829:
1802:
1780:
1773:
1758:
1726:
1716:
1701:
1677:
1663:
1645:
1641:
1627:
1620:
1613:
1599:
1578:
1572:. Routledge.
1569:
1539:
1531:
1521:
1507:
1487:
1473:
1455:
1434:. Retrieved
1430:
1421:
1413:"Kirkoswald"
1407:
1398:
1389:
1380:
1370:
1356:
1345:
1324:
1315:
1307:
1301:
1293:
1249:
1240:
1229:
1220:
1209:
1200:
1190:
1180:
1168:
1163:
1154:
1146:
1142:
1134:
1113:Quoting the
1109:
1098:
1077:
1068:
1043:
1029:
1012:
1003:
994:
982:. Retrieved
978:
969:
961:
953:
920:
897:
893:River Rothay
878:
862:
819:
800:
781:
727:Lincolnshire
647:Saint Oswald
630:
626:
611:
600:
574:
553:Christianity
550:
547:Christianity
536:
518:
503:
496:
484:
475:
461:
457:
455:
440:Overlordship
434:
429:
416:
411:
368:
358:
316:
308:
287:Christianity
277:kingdoms of
275:Northumbrian
248:
222:
221:
215:Christianity
18:
4043:640s deaths
3678:Guthfrith I
3625:Æthelred II
3518:Northumbria
2931:South Saxon
2836:Wilfrith II
1596:Kirby, D.P.
1286:Lindisfarne
984:19 February
670:Northumbria
583:uncorrupted
566:Lindisfarne
521:West Saxons
395:Heavenfield
157:Northumbria
129:Predecessor
95:Predecessor
59:Predecessor
4038:604 births
4032:Categories
3968:Æthelfrith
3956:Frithuwald
3818:Æthelfrith
3708:Halfdan II
3698:Airdeconut
3615:Ælfwald II
3590:Æthelred I
3467:Æthelfrith
3414:Æthelfrith
3404:Frithuwald
3232:Bretwaldas
2957:West Saxon
2140:East Saxon
1686:1781854181
1560:required.)
1449:References
1308:pro patria
1185:Tigernach.
923:remembered
921:Oswald is
916:Kirkoswald
912:Kirkoswald
904:Lancashire
830:Gloucester
776:Hildesheim
760:Attributes
468:heathenism
263:Gwyneddian
195:Ethelfrith
3994:(642–670)
3988:(634–641)
3982:(632–633)
3976:(616–632)
3970:(593–616)
3964:(585–593)
3958:(579–585)
3952:(572–579)
3946:(568–572)
3940:(560–568)
3934:(559–560)
3928:(547–559)
3874:(670–679)
3866:Alchfrith
3862:(654–670)
3856:(651–654)
3854:Œthelwald
3850:(644–651)
3844:(642–644)
3838:(634–642)
3832:(633–634)
3826:(616–632)
3820:(604–616)
3814:(589–604)
3808:(559–588)
3738:Sitric II
3718:Ragnall I
3693:Æthelwold
3683:Siefredus
3673:Halfdan I
3649:Kings of
3595:Ælfwald I
3545:Eadwulf I
3540:Ealdfrith
3516:Kings of
3497:Œthelwald
3443:Kings of
3365:Kings of
3114:Evorhilda
2171:Frisian,
1850:Bretwalda
1454:Adomnán,
857:Carinthia
842:Æthelstan
822:Æthelflæd
792:feast day
703:Canonized
541:Æthelwald
514:Edinburgh
480:Bretwalda
335:converted
331:Dál Riata
269:, at the
139:Successor
105:Successor
69:Successor
45:Bretwalda
3980:Eanfrith
3950:Theodric
3944:Æthelric
3812:Æthelric
3663:Ecgberht
3610:Eardwulf
3600:Osred II
3570:Eadberht
3565:Ceolwulf
3535:Ecgfrith
3507:Ælfwine
3502:Alhfrith
3462:Æthelric
3424:Eanfrith
3399:Theodric
3394:Æthelric
3367:Bernicia
2505:Mildgyth
2173:Frankish
2121:Wendreda
1854:633–642
1835:633–642
1808:634–642
1797:Eanfrith
1745:Oswald 1
1694:(1881).
1630:(1995).
1436:27 March
1290:Bamburgh
1093:Ziegler.
889:Grasmere
807:Osthryth
784:miracles
754:5 August
619:just war
607:Oswestry
589:Downfall
529:Cynegils
510:Gododdin
499:Mercians
458:imperium
386:Eanfrith
279:Bernicia
211:Religion
115:Bernicia
113:King of
79:King of
3872:Ælfwine
3668:Ricsige
3635:Osberht
3630:Redwulf
3585:Ealhred
3555:Coenred
3550:Osred I
2741:Eanmund
2555:Wærstan
2495:Merefin
2343:Mercian
2267:Kentish
1534:(1989).
1472:(731).
1402:Bailey.
1319:Brooks.
1282:Bardney
929:with a
925:in the
908:twistle
815:Lindsey
743:England
731:England
525:baptism
472:Britain
419:Columba
415:in his
413:Adomnán
397:, near
371:Gwynedd
339:Ireland
295:Britain
265:ruler,
124:634–642
90:633–642
54:633–642
4113:Idings
4020:Saints
4006:Portal
3986:Oswald
3932:Glappa
3848:Oswine
3836:Oswald
3713:Ingwær
3703:Eowils
3620:Eanred
3605:Osbald
3575:Oswulf
3492:Oswine
3482:Oswald
3429:Oswald
3384:Glappa
2872:Blaise
2776:Hyglac
2157:Osgyth
1779:
1776:c. 604
1684:
1652:
1634:
1606:
1585:
1554:
1514:
1494:
1462:
1374:. BBC.
1292:, see
1195:death.
1117:, 1:9.
1028:Bede,
796:Ožbalt
735:relics
717:shrine
715:Major
663:c. 604
655:Martyr
558:bishop
492:Humber
424:Ségéne
407:prayed
399:Hexham
223:Oswald
201:Mother
191:Father
171:Spouse
150:c. 604
24:Oswald
3992:Oswiu
3974:Edwin
3962:Hussa
3860:Oswiu
3842:Oswiu
3830:Osric
3824:Edwin
3560:Osric
3530:Oswiu
3487:Oswiu
3477:Osric
3472:Edwin
3445:Deira
3434:Oswiu
3419:Edwin
3409:Hussa
2850:Roman
1824:Osric
1814:Oswiu
1781:Died:
1774:Born:
1294:H. E.
1169:H. E.
937:Notes
803:Oswiu
788:raven
750:Feast
666:Deira
614:Powys
605:, in
562:Aidan
403:cross
391:Picts
375:pagan
327:Edwin
283:Deira
259:exile
240:saint
180:Issue
153:Deira
142:Oswiu
121:Reign
108:Oswiu
87:Reign
81:Deira
73:Oswiu
51:Reign
3938:Adda
3806:Ælla
3688:Cnut
3640:Ælla
3457:Ælla
3389:Adda
2761:Eoda
1682:ISBN
1650:ISBN
1632:ISBN
1604:ISBN
1583:ISBN
1512:ISBN
1492:ISBN
1481:(as
1470:Bede
1460:ISBN
1438:2021
1288:and
986:2024
676:Died
660:Born
629:and
623:Eowa
578:alms
497:The
291:Bede
281:and
253:and
244:cult
163:Died
147:Born
3926:Ida
3379:Ida
1783:642
1747:at
1662:",
1546:doi
1147:ASC
1143:ASC
902:in
813:in
4034::
1757:.
1700:.
1680:.
1598:,
1429:.
1368:.
1333:^
1284:,
1272:^
1260:^
1141:;
1122:^
1086:^
1052:^
1034:,
1021:^
977:.
945:^
855:,
741:,
733:;
729:,
725:,
694:,
690:,
668:,
361:,
155:,
4008::
3907:e
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3224:e
3217:t
3210:v
1883:e
1876:t
1869:v
1591:.
1552:.
1548::
1502:)
1500:.
1478:.
1440:.
1149:.
1038:.
988:.
225:(
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