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Prosperity in the 5th century is indicated by repairs on baths (26 remained in operation during the 4th century), public buildings, church construction, street repaving, residential and business expansion beyond the perimeter of the south wall (the presence of a small harbour, the Porta Marina on the
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made Portus a municipality, indicated by some apartment blocks being replaced by houses of the rich, recent excavations show that the town continued to thrive. Numerous baths are recorded as still operating in the 4th and 5th centuries with major repairs of the city's
Neptune Baths in the 370s.
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and after a hiatus the research still continues today. Though untouched areas adjacent to the original excavations were left undisturbed awaiting a more precise dating of Roman pottery types, the "Baths of the
Swimmer", named for the mosaic figure in the
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402:. The city's decline after antiquity led to harbor deterioration, marshy conditions, and reduced population. Sand dunes covering the site aided its preservation. Its remains provide insights into a city of commercial importance. As in
76:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
451:
of Ostia in the 7th century BC. The oldest archaeological remains so far discovered date back to only the 4th century BC. The most ancient buildings currently visible are from the 3rd century BC, notably the
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in charge of the fleet. During the 2nd century BC its role as a commercial port gradually became prevalent for the imports of grain for the city of Rome, and buildings began to spread outside the castrum.
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reported the lack of maintenance of the city ports in 414 AD. This view has been challenged by Boin who states
Namatianus' verse is a literary construct and inconsistent with the archaeological record.
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445:, and then proceeded with establishing the new colony 10 km (6 mi) further west and closer to the sea coast. An inscription seems to confirm the establishment of the old
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861:, among other techniques, revealed the existence of a boundary wall on the north side of the Tiber enclosing an unexcavated area of the city containing three massive warehouses.
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during which, the port was set on fire, the consular war fleet was destroyed, and two prominent senators were kidnapped. This attack caused such panic in Rome that
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Ostia itself was provided with all the services a town of the time could require; a large theatre, many public baths (such as the
Thermae Gavii Maximi, or
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the protagonists
Antonius and Theudas escape by clinging to a barge on the Tiber, reaching Ostia, and stowing away on a trireme heading north to Ravenna.
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sea, is attested). A huge 4th century villa east of the
Maritime baths was built. The river port on the western edge of the town was expanded with the
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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in 476, Ostia fell slowly into decay as the population of Rome, 700–800,000 in AD 400 contracted to 200,000 or less in 500 AD. A naval battle, the
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when he passed there in the late 4th century. On their way back to Africa after
Augustine's conversion to Christianity, Augustine's mother,
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1594:.1 (January 1997), pp 23-58; Anders Runesson, "The Oldest Original Synagogue Building in the Diaspora: A Response to L. Michael White"
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627:). This harbour was not sufficiently protected from storms, and needed to be supplemented by the hexagonal harbour built by
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Ad summas tegulas. Untersuchungen zu vielgeschossigen Gebäudeblöcken mit
Wohneinheiten und insulae im kaiserzeitlichen Rom
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Forma urbis Ostiae. Untersuchungen zur
Entwicklung der Hafenstadt Roms von der Zeit der Republik bis ins frühe Mittelalter
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Today several well-preserved Roman villas south of Ostia have been excavated in the area of Castel Fusano, including the
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing
Italian Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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Ostia is the name of the Magic World's lost kingdom and the location of the gladiatorial games in the manga series
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The site of Ostia Antica is open to the public. Finds from the excavation are housed onsite in the Museo Ostiense.
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1351:"Ancus Marcius, the fourth of the kings from Romulus after the founding of the city founded this first colony" (
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Room 5 of the House of the Painted Vaults. A wall painting of an erotic scene is on the south wall. 250 CE
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During the 4th century, the city spilled over the southern walls to the sea south of Regions III and IV.
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1601:.4 (October 1999), pp 409-433; L. Michael White "Reading the Ostia Synagogue: A Reply to A. Runesson",
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Life and death in a multicultural harbour city. Ostia antica from the Republic through late antiquity.
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massive excavations were undertaken from 1939 to 1942 during which several remains, particularly from
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South of Ostia many rich villa-estates were developed from the Republican era along the coast road to
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Carta degli insediamenti del litorale laurentino da Lanciani 1903, cit. a nota 5, tav. XIII, fig. 3.
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L. Michael White, "Synagogue and Society in Imperial Ostia: Archaeological and Epigraphic Evidence"
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639:) developed by Trajan. These ports took business away from Ostia and began its commercial decline.
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1668:, Boin, 2013, pp. 22, 25. The poet was lamenting the lost greatness of Rome after the sack of 410.
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Ancient cities: the archaeology of urban life in the ancient Near East and Egypt, Greece and Rome
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Nevertheless, Ostia grew to a peak of some 100,000 inhabitants in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD.
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Theatrical masks, part of the architectural decoration of the Theatre (regio II, insula VII)
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One of the wonders buildable in the "Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire" mod for Sid Meier's
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at Ostia provide important evidence for the building techniques that were employed in Roman
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and the invasion of sand, the site now lies 3 km (2 mi) from the sea. The name
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attacked the city in order to cut off the flow of trade to Rome, aided by his generals
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Ostia was a scene of fighting during the period of civil wars in the 80s BC. In 87 BC
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Ostia's beach and port serves as the location for the 1993 music video of the song "
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Although it used to be thought that the city entered a period of slow decline after
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It has been estimated that two-thirds of the ancient town are as yet unexcavated.
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The town was further developed during the first century AD under the influence of
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and finished in 113 AD. Also at a relatively short distance was the harbour of
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Ostia probably developed originally as a naval base, and in 267 BC, during the
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Floor pavement. Room C of the House of Cupid and Psyche (regio I, insula XIV)
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954:. In the film, however, Ostia is only ever referred to as simply "the port".
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Ostia is the name of the most important city of the Lycian Alliance in the
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The town was then re-built and provided with defensive walls started under
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noted for the excellent preservation of its ancient buildings, magnificent
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Angelo PELLEGRINO, Ostia Antica: Guide to the Excavations Paperback, 2000
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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898:. The novels include scenes set at Ostia spanning from the reign of
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appeared in 1954; it was devoted to a topography of the town by
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In the post-war period, the first volume of the official series
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Due to the small size of the harbour at Ostia, a new harbour at
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Map of Roman villas between Ostia and Laurentum (Lanciani 1903)
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by Nathan D. Maki. After an assassination attempt on Emperor
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Large archaeological site of a harbour city near Rome, Italy
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Ostia is a central location in the children's novel series
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as early as the 3rd century AD. The city was mentioned by
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The remains were used over the centuries as a quarry for
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Vielgeschossige Wohnbauten außerhalb der Tibermetropole,
1955:
2nd ed. (Oxford University Press) The standard overview.
1775:"Archaeologists Unearth New Areas Of Ancient Roman City"
1680:, Boin, 2013, pp. 21, 24, 52-53, 56, 57-65, 165, 231-236
410:
that are not accessible within the city of Rome itself.
85:
to this template: there are already 654 articles in the
1985:, L'Erma Di Bretschneider, Roma 2002, pp. 217 ff.
1313:(2nd ed.). London : Routledge. pp. 367–370.
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and Claudius's reconstruction of the harbour. In the
2018:
Photographs of Ostia at DigitalMapsoftheAncientWorld
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Ostia is one of the inspirations for the setting of
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started organising its own digs for sculptures with
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65:
a machine-translated version of the Italian article.
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Appian, The Civil Wars, 1.8, ed. Horace White, 1899
1253:
661:, the earliest synagogue yet identified in Europe.
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1110:The inscription originally placed on the main gate
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456:(military camp); of a slightly later date is the
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1884:Scavi di Ostia XVIII: Il Caseggiato del Serapide
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789:Ostia housed a late imperial mint; this coin of
1137:embedded in the ground at Caseggiato dei dolii
608:, who ordered the building of the town's first
4906:Ancient Roman buildings and structures in Rome
1555:
1465:"To the citizens on Gnaeus Pompeius's command"
111:accompanying your translation by providing an
56:Click for important translation instructions.
43:expand this article with text translated from
2162:
2041:
1362:
968:Ostia is mentioned several times in the 2005
932:Ostia appears briefly towards the end of the
4926:Mediterranean port cities and towns in Italy
406:, Ostia's ruins provide details about Roman
2101:Gran Sasso e Monti della Laga National Park
1488:"Topographical dictionary - The city walls"
336:
4704:Ancient Shipwreck Museum at Kyrenia Castle
4651:International Congress of Maritime Museums
4631:Advisory Council on Underwater Archaeology
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2155:
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1453:Cicero, On the Command of Cn. Pompeius, 33
526:, and captured the city and plundered it.
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4719:National Museum of Subaquatic Archaeology
1911:. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford UP (2012): 248
1714:
1823:"The Archaeology of The Talos Principle"
1030:Ostia is mentioned in several novels in
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653:is evident in the discovery of eighteen
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575:
4689:Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology
2066:Abruzzo, Lazio and Molise National Park
1933:(Edmonton: University of Alberta Press)
1534:
727:in Ostia was built on her burial site.
367:, 25 km (16 mi) southwest of
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4641:European Association of Archaeologists
2055:
1772:
1564:"Topographical dictionary - Mithraism"
123:{{Translated|it|Ostia (città antica)}}
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3897:Pompey's campaign against the pirates
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1940:Rome: Institutum Romanum Finlandiae,
1535:Garwood, Duncan (24 September 2018).
1353:Anco Marcio regi quarto a Romulo qui
1308:
1291:http://www.ostia-antica.org/intro.htm
746:; the remaining inhabitants moved to
623:on the northern mouths of the Tiber (
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1881:
1798:
1624:, 2013, Cambridge University, p. 65
1561:
985:Ostia is mentioned in the 2000 film
717:, died in 387 in Ostia. The church (
177:
25:
4636:Archaeological Institute of America
1848:"Rome Adventure, Filming Locations"
1801:"New city wall discovered at Ostia"
13:
1909:The Romans: From Village to Empire
1773:Thomas, Emily (17–19 April 2014).
1462:
738:, was fought there in 849 between
14:
4972:
4646:Institute of Nautical Archaeology
4036:Coastal defence and fortification
3411:Roman circumnavigation of Britain
2711:Navigation, and ports and harbors
2011:
1972:Ostia: Guida Archeologica Laterza
1931:Ostia: Aspects of Roman City Life
1418:
1302:
878:Ostia was featured in the novels
565:
534:In 68 BC, the town was sacked by
423:Ostia may have been Rome's first
4921:Former populated places in Italy
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4671:Society for American Archaeology
3905:
3838:
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2692:
2086:Etruscan necropolis of Tarquinia
2081:Etruscan necropolis of Cerveteri
2005:Ostia. Storia Ambiente Itinerari
1265:www.ostiaantica.beniculturali.it
1212:
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732:fall of the Western Roman Empire
176:
169:
153:
30:
4956:Roman towns and cities in Italy
4103:Phoenician discovery of America
1988:Rieger, Anna-Katharina (2004).
1960:The Insulae of Imperial Ostia"
1882:Bigi, Daniele (February 2024).
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1195:View of the archaeological site
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195:Click on the map to see marker.
3795:Periplus of the Erythraean Sea
1799:Earl, Graeme (16 April 2014).
1608:.4 (October 1999), pp 435-464.
1589:The Harvard Theological Review
1438:
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1345:
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1283:
1041:Ostia is featured in the film
1000:is called the "Portus Ostiae".
780:
665:Late-Roman and sub-Roman Ostia
121:You may also add the template
19:For the district of Rome, see
1:
4916:Archaeological sites in Lazio
4714:Museum of Ancient Ships, Pisa
3389:Phoenician maritime expansion
1914:Heinzelmann, Michael (2020).
1907:Boatwright, Mary Taliaferro.
1870:
906:, including the departure of
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562:according to an inscription.
505:
478:of the walls of the original
159:Market square of Ostia Antica
4656:Nautical Archaeology Society
2007:Roma 2007 (Rome:Genius Loci)
1723:. London: Penguin. pp.
1098:: Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva
943:History of the World, Part I
359:located at the mouth of the
7:
4961:Tourist attractions in Rome
4709:Museum of Ancient Seafaring
4086:Temple of Poseidon, Sounion
3892:Kidnapping of Julius Caesar
3749:Indus–Mesopotamia relations
3108:
2189:
2121:Palazzo dei Papi di Viterbo
2076:Civita Castellana Cathedral
1918:. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz,
1886:. L'Erma di Bretschneider.
1803:. University of Southampton
1357:primum coloniam --- deduxit
1231:Museo Archeologico Ostiense
1224:
923:A War Within: The Gladiator
657:. Ostia also contained the
437:, was the first to destroy
93:will aid in categorization.
10:
4977:
4565:Phoenician Ship Expedition
3856:
3406:Pytheas' voyage to Britain
3399:Circumnavigation of Africa
1068:
1015:Negima! Magister Negi Magi
569:
418:
413:
264:150 hectares (1.5 km)
68:Machine translation, like
18:
4878:
4770:
4759:
4744:
4679:
4621:
4424:
4408:
4156:
4091:Samothrace temple complex
4026:
3981:
3940:
3933:
3929:
3918:
3903:
3862:
3851:
3836:
3734:
3720:
3705:
3658:
3611:
3464:
3431:
3424:
3362:
3163:
3120:
3116:
3103:
3088:
2807:
2720:
2716:
2705:
2690:
2642:
2577:
2514:
2399:
2368:
2201:
2197:
2184:
2061:
2021:retrieved August 13, 2022
1551:– via Google Books.
600:The Ancient Roman theatre
497:, it was the seat of the
486:during the period of the
312:
304:
296:
291:
281:
273:
268:
260:
252:
215:
200:
193:
164:
152:
45:the corresponding article
3379:Greeks in pre-Roman Gaul
1974:(Rome:Laterza) (Italian)
1951:Meiggs, R. (1960) 1973.
1936:Karivieri, Arja (2020).
1929:Hermansen, Gustav 1982.
1691:"St. Augustine at Ostia"
1463:Cicero, Marcus Tullius.
1261:"History - Ostia Antica"
1246:
1236:Temple of Bellona, Ostia
976:historical drama series
872:
777:excavated in 1989–2008.
4661:RPM Nautical Foundation
4398:Surviving ancient ships
4317:Marsala Punic shipwreck
1678:Ostia in Late Antiquity
1666:Ostia in Late Antiquity
1618:Ostia in Late Antiquity
1515:Encyclopedia Britannica
1467:– via Wikisource.
1309:Gates, Charles (2011).
750:a short distance away.
429:. According to legend,
132:For more guidance, see
21:Ostia Antica (district)
4946:Roman harbors in Italy
4694:Giza Solar boat museum
4148:Underwater exploration
4143:Underwater archaeology
4108:Pre-Columbian theories
3963:John Sinclair Morrison
3924:Research and education
3374:Austronesian Expansion
1958:Packer, James E. 1971
1876:Archaeological reports
1715:Augustine, E. (1977).
1421:"OSMAP Building Types"
1391:"Ostia - Introduction"
916:1976 television series
794:
763:
674:
601:
593:
581:
4765:Legend and literature
4723:Viking ship museums:
4699:Grand Egyptian Museum
4459:Austronesian replicas
4434:Heyerdahl expeditions
4344:Caligula's Giant Ship
4204:Dover Bronze Age Boat
2866:Berenice Troglodytica
1642:"RUTILIUS NAMATIANUS"
1339:Ab Urbe condita libri
827:the Republican Period
788:
775:Villa della Palombara
761:
679:Constantine the Great
672:
599:
587:
579:
560:Marcus Tullius Cicero
390:Ostia is now a large
383:) derives from Latin
355:city and the port of
237:41.75583°N 12.29167°E
134:Knowledge:Translation
105:copyright attribution
4951:Roman sites in Lazio
4936:Ostia (ancient city)
4911:Archaeological parks
4666:Sea Research Society
4068:Maritime archaeology
3877:Ameinias the Phocian
3872:Mediterranean piracy
2126:Park of the Monsters
2071:Circeo National Park
1990:Heiligtümer in Ostia
1646:www.ostia-antica.org
1568:www.ostia-antica.org
1538:Mediterranean Europe
1492:www.ostia-antica.org
1477:EDR031435, EDR031505
1425:www.laits.utexas.edu
1395:www.ostia-antica.org
1082:Street and dwellings
363:. It is near modern
3759:Maritime Jade Route
2912:Kaveri Poompattinam
2003:Lorenzatti Sandro,
1289:Ostia-Introduction
1062:television adaption
1053:The Roman Mysteries
1036:Marcus Didius Falco
1006:The Talos Principle
687:Rutilius Namatianus
580:Map of Ostia Antica
549:to pass a law, the
392:archaeological site
233: /
149:
4307:Bajo de la Campana
4009:Peter Throckmorton
3994:Jean-Yves Empereur
3968:William L. Rodgers
3789:Maritime Silk Road
2056:Landmarks of Lazio
1992:. München: Pfeil,
1779:huffingtonpost.com
1562:Griffith, Alison.
1296:2017-09-03 at the
921:Ostia features in
890:, both written by
795:
764:
675:
602:
594:
582:
530:Sacking by pirates
499:quaestor Ostiensis
305:Public access
242:41.75583; 12.29167
185:Shown within Italy
147:
113:interlanguage link
4893:
4892:
4889:
4888:
4755:
4754:
4742:
4741:
4362:Madrague de Giens
4081:Temple of Isthmia
4077:Maritime temples
4063:Marine navigation
4022:
4021:
4014:Shelley Wachsmann
4004:J. Richard Steffy
3914:
3913:
3847:
3846:
3716:
3715:
3703:
3702:
3654:
3653:
3384:Ocean exploration
3099:
3098:
3086:
3085:
2745:Rutter (nautical)
2701:
2700:
2688:
2687:
2544:Mortise and tenon
2178:Ancient seafaring
2144:
2143:
1946:978-88-5491-104-8
1924:978-3-447-11534-6
1827:archaeogaming.com
1630:978-1-316-60153-2
1541:. Lonely Planet.
1320:978-0-203-83057-4
1058:Caroline Lawrence
793:was struck there.
542:arranged for the
330:
329:
145:
144:
57:
53:
4968:
4884:
4883:
4778:Ark of bulrushes
4761:
4760:
4750:
4749:
4388:Oldest surviving
4098:Nusantao network
3973:Chester G. Starr
3938:
3937:
3931:
3930:
3920:
3919:
3909:
3908:
3882:Cilician pirates
3853:
3852:
3842:
3841:
3779:Sa Huynh-Kalanay
3774:Iron Age Britain
3722:
3721:
3711:
3710:
3429:
3428:
3118:
3117:
3105:
3104:
3094:
3093:
3008:Ptolemais Theron
2718:
2717:
2707:
2706:
2696:
2695:
2288:Single-outrigger
2199:
2198:
2186:
2185:
2171:
2164:
2157:
2148:
2147:
2050:
2043:
2036:
2027:
2026:
1897:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1770:
1764:
1754:
1748:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1722:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1687:
1681:
1675:
1669:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1638:
1632:
1615:
1609:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1507:
1496:
1495:
1484:
1478:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1460:
1454:
1451:
1445:
1442:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1419:White, Michael.
1416:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1406:
1397:. Archived from
1387:
1381:
1380:
1369:
1360:
1349:
1343:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1306:
1300:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1267:. Archived from
1257:
1216:
1207:Via delle TombeV
1204:
1192:
1173:
1161:
1146:
1131:
1119:
1107:
1096:Capitoline Triad
1091:
1079:
997:Civilization III
950:logo) bound for
902:to the reign of
887:Claudius the God
823:Benito Mussolini
592:from the Theatre
540:Pompey the Great
350:
347:
344:
341:
338:
326:
323:
321:
319:
248:
247:
245:
244:
243:
238:
234:
231:
230:
229:
226:
180:
179:
173:
157:
150:
146:
124:
118:
92:
91:|topic=
89:, and specifying
74:Google Translate
55:
51:
34:
33:
26:
4976:
4975:
4971:
4970:
4969:
4967:
4966:
4965:
4896:
4895:
4894:
4885:
4881:
4876:
4766:
4751:
4747:
4738:
4681:
4675:
4623:
4622:Institutes and
4617:
4572:Viking replicas
4513:Balangay Voyage
4426:
4420:
4404:
4159:
4152:
4028:
4018:
3977:
3925:
3910:
3906:
3901:
3858:
3843:
3839:
3834:
3730:
3712:
3708:
3699:
3650:
3607:
3460:
3420:
3365:
3358:
3159:
3112:
3095:
3091:
3082:
2958:Mueang Phra Rot
2812:
2803:
2712:
2697:
2693:
2684:
2638:
2612:Triangular sail
2573:
2510:
2484:Sail components
2395:
2364:
2338:Tessarakonteres
2193:
2180:
2175:
2145:
2140:
2106:Hadrian's Villa
2096:Garden of Ninfa
2091:Fossanova Abbey
2057:
2054:
2014:
1962:M.Am.Acad. Rome
1894:
1873:
1868:
1867:
1857:
1855:
1846:
1845:
1841:
1831:
1829:
1821:
1820:
1816:
1806:
1804:
1797:
1793:
1783:
1781:
1771:
1767:
1755:
1751:
1746:
1742:
1735:
1713:
1709:
1699:
1697:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1676:
1672:
1664:
1660:
1650:
1648:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1616:
1612:
1586:
1582:
1572:
1570:
1560:
1556:
1549:
1533:
1529:
1519:
1517:
1511:"Ostia - Italy"
1509:
1508:
1499:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1476:
1472:
1461:
1457:
1452:
1448:
1443:
1439:
1429:
1427:
1417:
1413:
1404:
1402:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1373:"Ostia - Italy"
1371:
1370:
1363:
1355:Ab urbe condita
1350:
1346:
1332:
1328:
1321:
1307:
1303:
1298:Wayback Machine
1288:
1284:
1274:
1272:
1271:on 13 July 2017
1259:
1258:
1254:
1249:
1227:
1220:
1217:
1208:
1205:
1196:
1193:
1184:
1182:Shrine of Attis
1174:
1165:
1162:
1153:
1147:
1138:
1132:
1123:
1120:
1111:
1108:
1099:
1092:
1083:
1080:
1071:
936:section of the
875:
867:
807:built in Rome.
783:
756:
736:Battle of Ostia
707:Diocese of Rome
705:as part of the
667:
659:Ostia Synagogue
651:cult of Mithras
574:
568:
532:
508:
495:first Punic war
488:Middle Republic
421:
416:
398:and impressive
379:(the plural of
348:
345:
342:
339:
316:
241:
239:
235:
232:
227:
224:
222:
220:
219:
196:
189:
188:
187:
186:
183:
182:
181:
160:
141:
140:
139:
122:
116:
90:
58:
52:(December 2023)
35:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4974:
4964:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4891:
4890:
4887:
4886:
4879:
4877:
4875:
4874:
4867:
4866:
4865:
4858:
4851:
4844:
4836:
4829:
4822:
4814:
4804:
4803:
4802:
4801:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4780:
4771:
4768:
4767:
4757:
4756:
4753:
4752:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4736:
4735:
4734:
4729:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4685:
4683:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4627:
4625:
4619:
4618:
4616:
4615:
4614:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4591:
4583:
4582:
4581:
4569:
4568:
4567:
4562:
4555:
4547:Mediterranean
4545:
4544:
4543:
4536:
4529:
4522:
4515:
4510:
4503:
4500:Alingano Maisu
4496:
4489:
4482:
4475:
4468:
4456:
4455:
4454:
4443:
4430:
4428:
4422:
4421:
4419:
4418:
4412:
4410:
4406:
4405:
4403:
4402:
4401:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4382:
4381:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4358:
4351:
4349:De Meern ships
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4321:
4320:
4319:
4311:
4310:
4309:
4304:
4296:
4295:
4294:
4287:
4280:
4275:
4267:
4262:
4261:
4260:
4250:
4249:
4248:
4243:
4233:
4232:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4219:Cape Gelidonya
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4164:
4162:
4154:
4153:
4151:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4094:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4054:
4053:
4043:
4038:
4032:
4030:
4024:
4023:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3985:
3983:
3982:Archaeologists
3979:
3978:
3976:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3948:David Blackman
3944:
3942:
3935:
3927:
3926:
3916:
3915:
3912:
3911:
3904:
3902:
3900:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3887:Jewish pirates
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3863:
3860:
3859:
3849:
3848:
3845:
3844:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3832:
3831:
3830:
3820:
3819:
3818:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3735:
3732:
3731:
3718:
3717:
3714:
3713:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3697:
3696:
3695:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3674:
3673:
3662:
3660:
3656:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3573:Lake Trasimene
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3474:Mediterranean:
3470:
3468:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3437:
3435:
3426:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3402:
3401:
3396:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3370:
3368:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3335:
3334:
3329:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3283:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3251:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3180:
3179:
3178:
3167:
3165:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3157:
3152:
3151:
3150:
3145:
3135:
3130:
3124:
3122:
3114:
3113:
3101:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2816:
2814:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2801:
2800:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2781:
2780:
2779:
2777:Maritime pilot
2774:
2764:
2759:
2758:
2757:
2747:
2742:
2740:Portolan chart
2737:
2732:
2726:
2724:
2714:
2713:
2703:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2646:
2644:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2615:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2589:
2583:
2581:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2571:
2570:
2569:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2520:
2518:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2487:
2486:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2403:
2401:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2372:
2370:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2341:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2313:Oared warships
2310:
2302:
2301:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2249:
2248:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2207:
2205:
2195:
2194:
2182:
2181:
2174:
2173:
2166:
2159:
2151:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2052:
2045:
2038:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2013:
2012:External links
2010:
2009:
2008:
2001:
1986:
1975:
1968:
1956:
1949:
1934:
1927:
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4826:On the Ocean
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4298:Phoenician:
4289:
4284:Leontophoros
4282:
4246:Butuan boats
4241:Pontian boat
4179:Dufuna canoe
4118:Shipbuilding
4029:and theories
3999:Boris Rankov
3793:
3726:Economy and
3626:Incendiaries
3473:
3260:Indus Valley
3228:Tarumanagara
3155:Ubaid period
3073:Wadi al-Jarf
2988:Ostia Antica
2987:
2592:Fore-and-aft
2559:Shipbuilding
2534:Carvel built
2516:Construction
2474:Steering oar
2355:Sailing ship
2278:Obelisk ship
2236:Dugout canoe
2131:Villa d'Este
2116:Ostia Antica
2115:
2020:
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1617:
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332:
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320:.ostiaantica
286:Ancient Rome
148:Ostia Antica
109:edit summary
100:
80:
50:
42:
4833:Argonautica
4820:(Herodotus)
4783:Flood myths
4680:Museums and
4624:conferences
4589:Vital Alsar
4427:archaeology
4236:Austronesia
4229:Hjortspring
4224:Rochelongue
4174:Pesse canoe
4128:Ship burial
4113:Sea Peoples
4046:Lighthouses
4041:Grave goods
3989:George Bass
3769:Spice trade
3366:exploration
3188:Philippines
3183:Austronesia
3176:Old Kingdom
3053:Trincomalee
3003:Prosphorion
2948:Myos Hormos
2792:Micronesian
2783:By region:
2755:Lighthouses
2563:By region:
2328:Quinquereme
2253:Kunlun ship
2246:Penteconter
2231:Dragon boat
1953:Roman Ostia
1902:Discussions
1858:January 25,
1719:Confessions
1700:1 September
1695:celt.ucc.ie
1651:1 September
1573:1 September
1520:1 September
1430:1 September
1275:2 September
1150:Forum Baths
1024:Fire Emblem
881:I, Claudius
855:geophysical
853:In 2014, a
844:apodyterium
781:Excavations
725:Santa Aurea
552:lex Gabinia
460:(temple of
240: /
216:Coordinates
4900:Categories
4842:(Polybius)
4486:Hawaiʻiloa
4368:Nemi ships
4253:Black Sea
4199:Khufu ship
4160:and relics
4058:Marine art
4051:Alexandria
3958:Fik Meijer
3941:Historians
3828:Indo-Roman
3641:Greek navy
3543:Salamis II
3533:Hellespont
3493:Artemisium
3483:Nile Delta
3446:Achaemenid
3339:Achaemenid
3208:Langkasuka
3203:Micronesia
3121:Prehistory
3048:Sounagoura
2876:Chittagong
2851:Barbarikon
2830:Alexandria
2772:Pilot boat
2722:Navigation
2554:Sewn-plank
2549:Lashed-lug
2427:Figurehead
2400:Components
2369:Propulsion
2323:Quadrireme
2304:Polyremes
2283:Outriggers
1871:References
1734:014044114X
1405:2006-12-05
1176:Statue of
1060:, and its
1047:from 1962.
865:Modern day
740:Christians
730:After the
570:See also:
506:Civil wars
458:Capitolium
292:Site notes
256:Settlement
228:12°17′30″E
225:41°45′21″N
47:in Italian
4855:Geography
4793:Gilgamesh
4682:memorials
4606:Viracocha
4519:Faʻafaite
4472:Sarimanok
4378:Yassi Ada
4291:Syracusia
4214:Canaanite
4189:Moor Sand
3659:By region
3621:Grappling
3593:Naulochus
3583:Myonessus
3538:Echinades
3523:Arginusae
3518:Cynossema
3503:Naupactus
3498:Eurymedon
3332:Classical
3307:Phoenicia
3302:Mycenaean
3265:Tamilakam
3248:Polynesia
3238:Srivijaya
3033:Satingpra
2993:Palembang
2977:Cattigara
2919:(Kadaram)
2902:Jambukola
2896:Guangzhou
2837:(Podouke)
2835:Arikamedu
2797:Polynesia
2730:Celestial
2643:Armaments
2629:Spritsail
2587:Crab claw
2529:Careening
2496:Sternpost
2350:Reed boat
2293:Catamaran
2268:Multihull
988:Gladiator
894:novelist
791:Maxentius
768:Laurentum
685:The poet
524:Sertorius
387:'mouth'.
371:. Due to
297:Ownership
274:Abandoned
127:talk page
79:Consider
4931:Mithraea
4871:Tākitimu
4774:Legend:
4732:Roskilde
4611:Tangaroa
4552:Olympias
4526:Gaualofa
4465:Hōkūleʻa
4440:Kon-Tiki
4273:Ashkelon
4209:Uluburun
4168:Earliest
3934:Scholars
3816:shipping
3616:Boarding
3528:Mytilene
3513:Syracuse
3478:Alashiya
3441:Egyptian
3425:Military
3416:Timeline
3394:Sardinia
3317:Carthage
3233:Kalingga
3193:Sa Huỳnh
3128:Timeline
3078:Zanzibar
3028:Sarapion
3023:Rhacotis
2953:Martaban
2898:(Canton)
2891:Godavaya
2886:Giao Chỉ
2856:Barygaza
2846:Avalites
2767:Piloting
2655:Catapult
2650:Ballista
2624:Mast-aft
2437:Planking
2376:Paddling
2333:Hexareme
2298:Trimaran
2263:Longship
2211:Balangay
1852:IMDB.com
1832:June 17,
1294:Archived
1225:See also
927:Commodus
904:Claudius
900:Augustus
801:for the
744:Saracens
655:Mithraea
621:Claudius
606:Tiberius
408:urbanism
396:frescoes
351:) is an
282:Cultures
201:Location
103:provide
4811:Odyssey
4788:Genesis
4585:Others
4384:Lists:
4373:Marausa
4323:Roman:
4313:Punic:
4278:Kyrenia
4269:Greek:
4265:Marsala
4258:Sinop D
4133:Tacking
3867:History
3754:Meluhha
3744:Fishing
3739:Whaling
3646:Ramming
3568:Aegates
3563:Drepana
3558:Ecnomus
3488:Salamis
3476:
3466:Battles
3344:Nabatea
3327:Archaic
3297:Nuragic
3287:Somalia
3138:Oceania
3133:Britain
3110:History
3043:Socotra
3013:Qandala
2998:Piraeus
2968:Muziris
2938:Madurai
2933:Manthai
2871:Canopus
2841:Arsinoe
2813:harbors
2762:History
2750:Coastal
2680:Sambuca
2665:Dolphin
2579:Rigging
2391:Poling
2381:Sailing
2318:Trireme
2258:Liburna
2221:Coracle
2191:Vessels
1342:, 1.33.
1180:in the
1069:Gallery
1038:series.
1027:series.
908:Agrippa
892:British
804:palazzi
720:titulus
696:navalia
544:tribune
536:pirates
480:castrum
472:). The
470:Minerva
462:Jupiter
454:Castrum
448:castrum
426:colonia
419:Origins
414:History
404:Pompeii
400:mosaics
373:silting
340:
313:Website
269:History
211:, Italy
125:to the
107:in the
49:.
4862:Aeneid
4578:Viking
4559:Regina
4328:Alkedo
4184:Abydos
4158:Wrecks
4027:Topics
3857:Piracy
3811:Greece
3671:Odisha
3603:Actium
3598:Mycale
3433:Navies
3322:Greece
3312:Olmecs
3280:Pandya
3255:Minoan
3218:Champa
3198:Lapita
3143:Remote
3063:Tyndis
3018:Quilon
2963:Muscat
2928:Lothal
2923:Korkai
2907:Jeddah
2881:Essina
2825:Adulis
2735:Charts
2670:Harpax
2660:Corvus
2634:Square
2602:Settee
2597:Lateen
2506:Tiller
2501:Strake
2469:Rudder
2459:Paddle
2407:Anchor
2386:Towing
2308:Bireme
2241:Galley
2216:Bangka
1996:
1944:
1922:
1890:
1854:. IMDB
1760:
1731:
1727:–197.
1628:
1545:
1317:
952:Judaea
821:Under
812:Papacy
799:marble
629:Trajan
617:Portus
572:Portus
512:Marius
439:Ficana
381:ostium
300:Public
4798:Greek
4601:Abora
4595:Ivlia
4507:Saina
4451:Ra II
4409:Sites
4194:Dokos
3806:Egypt
3728:trade
3693:Rafts
3678:Japan
3666:India
3578:Chios
3548:Mylae
3508:Olpae
3456:Roman
3451:Greek
3349:Aksum
3275:Chera
3270:Chola
3243:Sunda
3223:Kutai
3213:Kedah
3058:Tulum
3038:Sidon
2983:Opone
2973:Óc Eo
2943:Malao
2917:Kedah
2861:Basra
2809:Ports
2787:Inuit
2607:Tanja
2567:Egypt
2417:Cabin
2360:Tomol
2203:Types
2136:Volci
1807:4 May
1784:4 May
1247:Notes
1178:Attis
1135:Dolia
961:" by
948:El Al
912:Syria
873:Media
723:) of
610:forum
590:Forum
520:Carbo
516:Cinna
443:Tiber
377:Ostia
365:Ostia
361:Tiber
209:Lazio
205:Ostia
70:DeepL
4727:Oslo
4449:and
4355:Isis
4302:Gozo
3823:Rome
3801:Maya
3683:Rome
3588:Nile
3354:Rome
3292:Maya
3148:Near
3068:Tyre
2820:Aden
2619:Junk
2491:Stem
2479:Sail
2464:Rope
2449:Mast
2444:Keel
2432:Hull
2422:Deck
2345:Raft
2226:Dhow
1994:ISBN
1981:in:
1942:ISBN
1920:ISBN
1888:ISBN
1860:2017
1834:2024
1809:2014
1786:2014
1758:ISBN
1729:ISBN
1702:2017
1653:2017
1626:ISBN
1575:2017
1543:ISBN
1522:2017
1432:2017
1334:Livy
1315:ISBN
1277:2017
979:Rome
938:1981
884:and
810:The
742:and
522:and
468:and
466:Juno
369:Rome
357:Rome
337:lit.
261:Area
253:Type
101:must
99:You
63:View
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2811:and
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2454:Oar
2412:Bow
1725:196
1603:HTR
1596:HTR
1056:by
974:BBC
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910:to
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318:www
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