490:, who had been elected in 1912 with the backing of workers' movements. Faced with the opposition of a significant sector of Congress, Billinghurst planned to dissolve Congress. Some Congressmen conspired to depose the President, and obtained the backing of Lieutenant Colonel José Urdanivia Ginés, head of a section of the Army General Staff. Billinghurst attempted to arm the population to fight the Armed Forces. The conspirators approached Colonel Benavides, who agreed to back them, both to defend the Constitutional order and to avoid a division of the Armed Forces (Basadre, p. 3733–3734). On February 4, 1914, the Army, under the command of Benavides, obtained from President Billinghurst a statement of willingness to negotiate. Billinghurst was
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As Chief of Staff, Benavides was appointed by the conspirers to preside over a
Government Council. On May 15, the National Congress designated him as Provisional President. On December 17, Benavides ascended to General of Brigade (Tauro, p. 285). During the 18 months of his government, Benavides
592:
regime and built a strong relationship with wealthy
Peruvian business owners. The primary concerns of the new Government were: to resolve the conflict with Colombia (peace was negotiated in May 1934); and to assuage internal political agitation (Tauro, vol 1, p. 266; Orrego, p. 894) for
581:
Sánchez Cerro was assassinated on April 30, 1933. To restrain ensuing turmoil, the
Constituent Assembly proclaimed Benavides Constitutional President of the Republic for the completion of the period initiated by Sánchez Cerro. Benavides signed the new Peruvian Constitution, which replaced that of
446:. He was promoted to the rank of Infantry Colonel; but Benavides wrote in his diary: "I have suffered so much that the victory obtained and the ovations and promotion conferred on me have not gratified me in the way many assume, as they would have without so much misfortune".
423:. The triumph of the Peruvian forces was complete. But on July 24, to his dismay, Commander Benavides was informed that the Peruvian and Colombian Governments had signed a treaty whereby the Peruvian forces were to abandon the Caquetá and to withdraw to the
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On July 28, 1911, the
Peruvian forces still at La Pedrera celebrated Independence Day. But they lacked equipment to protect themselves from the climate, diseases, and infections endemic to the region. On July 29, the troops underwent a terrible epidemic of
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On July 16, 1913 he was shot in the arm in a bandit attack on his troops. He was shot again on the same day by an ally's stray bullet. Neither of the wounds were fatal (or even near fatal), but it did put a damper on his fighting abilities.
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The
Government built living quarters and dining halls for workers and their families, and instituted Workers’ Social Security, and a new Civil Code. Tourism was encouraged and Tourist Hotels were planned for
449:
The
Government sent Benavides to Europe for treatment of beriberi. When he returned to Peru on April 8, 1912, he was received as a national hero, and in his honor a parade took place in Lima, along the
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and, in
February 1932, in England. The Government recalled Benavides and appointed him General-in-Chief of the Council of National Defense (March 27, 1932), in charge of the Peruvian forces in view of
652:’s principal cities. The National Census was planned and organized, but was only effected in 1940, by the following Government. During Benavides' term in office, the second phase of remodeling the
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419:. On July 10 it faced La Pedrera with blazing flags. After an exchange of notes in which the Colombian Commander refused to vacate the position, Commander Benavides initiated
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Artillery
Brigade. In 1901, he was promoted to Captain. In 1906, at age 30, he graduated with top grades as Sergeant Major at the Military Academy in Lima, directed by the
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Leguía feared that
Benavides would organize a revolt, and had him arrested on May 3, 1921. Benavides and twenty-five other citizens were boarded as prisoners on the
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566:, and Leguía resigned from the Presidency. Sánchez Cerro was invested with the rank of Provisional President. On October 3, Benavides was appointed to the post of
506:(p. 3772) writes: "General Benavides’ choice of collaborators was cautious and balanced". Benavides called general presidential elections which were won by
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372:, on the Northern Pacific Coast of Peru. In February 1911, the Peruvian Government ordered Benavides to lead Battalion Nº 9 to the Northeastern border with
525:
became
President of Peru as the result of a coup d´état against Pardo. In December 1920, Benavides resigned from the post in Rome and returned to Lima.
695:(FDN) (National Democratic Front). Benavides died in Lima on July 2, 1945, after the confirmation of the triumph of the FDN Presidential Candidate,
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steamship destined to Sydney, Australia. A revolt, commanded by Benavides, captured the ship’s captain and officers, and changed the route to
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for the same reason. Benavides called presidential elections in 1936; but the results were annulled as they favored the investment of
415:. The naval expedition, consisting of one gunboat and four boats, set out from Iquitos on June 29, 1911, four months after departing
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Ciccarelli, Orazio (August 1990). "Fascism and Politics in Peru during the Benavides Regime, 1933-39: The Italian Perspective".
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Upon returning to Peru in December 1910, Benavides was designated commanding officer of Infantry Battalion N° 9, garrisoned in
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The crooked timber that bore fruit: Peruvian fascist intellectuals of the 1930s and the echoes of their influence nowadays
462:, whom he married a few months later. Benavides was appointed to the position of General Commander of the Third Region in
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1920 (which had been in effect since the administration of Augusto B. Leguía). The 1933 Constitution lasted until 1979.
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President Pardo sent Benavides to Paris (1916) as an observer of World War I; he was a witness at the
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Battalion N° 9 had to travel more than 2,000 kilometers, passing over the roadless Andean range at
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to complete his military training, after which the French Republic distinguished him with the
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Benavides obtained the extension of his mandate for three more years in 1936 after enacting
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measures to maintain power. During this extension, he governed under the motto “
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had established a fortified post at La Pedrera on the southern bank of the
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On December 8, 1939, Benavides handed over the presidential mandate to
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in Lima, Benavides entered the Military School of Lima and in 1894 the
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to the Amazonian jungle. At Balsapuerto, at the headwaters of the
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301:, diplomat, and politician who served as the 38th (1914–1915, by
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restored political order and stability. Regarding his cabinets,
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who, according to the Government, had the vote of the APRA.
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Extraordinary Emissary and Plenipotentiary Minister in Spain
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439:. Lacking medicines, the troops were cruelly decimated.
718:, Fifth Edition, Volume VIII. Lima, Ediciones Historia.
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on March 15, 1876, son of Miguel Benavides y Gallegos,
691:
on July 17, 1944, and was among the founders of the
711:. 1976, 1981. Lima, Editorial Atlántida, 2 volumes.
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Extraordinary Emissary and Plenipotentiary Minister
640:east from Lima to the Amazonian Forest, as far as
517:. Subsequently (1917), Pardo sent him to Italy as
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42: and the second or maternal family name is
458:. On this occasion, he met his distant cousin
1033:
442:On August 4, Commander Benavides returned to
1614:National Democratic Front (Peru) politicians
942:Newspaper clippings about Óscar R. Benavides
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679:Benavides served as Peruvian Ambassador in
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174:February 4, 1914 – August 18, 1915
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89:April 30, 1933 – December 8, 1939
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309:, with his latter term being a period of
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709:El Mariscal Benavides, su vida y su obra
595:Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana
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1639:College of Our Lady of Guadalupe alumni
800:The Hispanic American Historical Review
558:On August 22, 1930, Lieutenant Colonel
407:on the Huallaga, and thence by boat to
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759:Suárez Trejo, Javier (February 2019).
593:which purpose, Benavides outlawed the
538:. From Costa Rica. Benavides moved to
294:(March 15, 1876 – July 2, 1945) was a
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632:along the Peruvian coast, as was the
510:, who governed from August 18, 1915.
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486:In 1913, the President of Peru was
27:President of Peru from 1933 to 1939
24:
1599:Peruvian people of Spanish descent
855:(in Spanish). Mosca Azul Editores.
853:El Pensamiento fascista, 1930-1945
851:López Soria, José Ignacio (1981).
835:The New School for Social Research
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732:Tauro (del Pino), Alberto. 1988.
716:Historia de la República del Perú
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342:College of Our Lady of Guadalupe
281:Francisca Benavides Diez Canseco
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829:Castillo-García, César (2022).
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336:, and Erfilia Larrea, Peruvian
292:Óscar Raymundo Benavides Larrea
53:Óscar Raymundo Benavides Larrea
1644:Leaders who took power by coup
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1634:Ambassadors of Peru to Spain
1629:Ambassadors of Peru to Italy
687:(1941–1944). He returned to
358:Cross of the Legion of Honor
34:, the first or paternal
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946:20th Century Press Archives
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195:Germán Schreiber Waddington
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572:a renewed armed conflict
554:Second presidential term
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113:Manuel Esteban Rodríguez
660:("Palace of Justice").
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350:French Military Mission
305:) and 42nd (1933–1939)
101:Jorge Prado y Ugarteche
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966:Guillermo Billinghurst
714:Basadre, Jorge. 1963.
614:Order, Peace, and Work
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488:Guillermo Billinghurst
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364:Caquetá River campaign
340:. After attending the
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669:Grand Marshal of Peru
585:Benavides oversaw an
481:
352:. Benavides went to
983:José Pardo y Barreda
901:, vol II, p. 47
889:, Vol I, p. 186
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635:
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623:
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610:authoritarian
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583:
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386:Caquetá River
383:
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1438:
1393:
1389:Billinghurst
1129:Luna Pizarro
1069:Luna Pizarro
998:
971:
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773:(1): 21–44.
770:
766:Modern Italy
764:
733:
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708:
685:Buenos Aires
678:
662:
657:
646:
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584:
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433:yellow fever
429:
413:Amazon River
390:
367:
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291:
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259:(1945-07-02)
257:July 2, 1945
214:Succeeded by
169:
149:Succeeded by
84:
43:
39:
32:Spanish name
1594:1945 deaths
1589:1876 births
1474:Pérez Godoy
1419:Elías Arias
1374:S. Calderón
1084:Riva Agüero
899:El Mariscal
887:El Mariscal
875:El Mariscal
642:Tingo María
397:Chachapoyas
346:Dos de Mayo
303:coup d'etat
202:Preceded by
137:Preceded by
1583:Categories
1149:Santa Cruz
1104:Santa Cruz
1064:San Martín
1049:Presidents
1004:1933–1939
977:1914–1915
807:(3): 405.
741:References
536:Costa Rica
421:the attack
405:Yurimaguas
320:Early life
263:Lima, Peru
240:1876-03-15
1534:Kuczynski
1439:Benavides
1394:Benavides
1279:Gutiérrez
1229:San Román
1219:Echenique
1204:Figuerola
1174:Figuerola
1144:Salaverry
544:Guayaquil
393:Cajamarca
338:socialite
170:In office
85:In office
40:Benavides
1559:Boluarte
1554:Castillo
1539:Vizcarra
1514:Paniagua
1509:Fujimori
1324:Iglesias
1289:Zevallos
1234:Castilla
1224:Castilla
1214:Castilla
1209:Menéndez
1199:Menéndez
1189:Castilla
1159:Menéndez
1139:Bermúdez
1134:Orbegoso
576:Colombia
564:Arequipa
464:Arequipa
437:beriberi
417:Chiclayo
382:Colombia
374:Colombia
370:Chiclayo
296:Peruvian
30:In this
1549:Sagasti
1489:Velasco
1479:Lindley
1459:Noriega
1424:Jiménez
1369:Candamo
1359:Piérola
1354:Candamo
1349:Cáceres
1344:Borgoño
1334:Cáceres
1319:Cáceres
1314:Montero
1304:Piérola
1179:Vivanco
1164:Torrico
1154:Gamarra
1124:Gamarra
1099:Bolívar
948:of the
944:in the
703:Sources
626:Ecuador
590:fascist
548:Ecuador
504:Basadre
492:deposed
454:to the
444:Iquitos
411:on the
409:Iquitos
376:in the
332:of the
314:fascism
36:surname
1544:Merino
1529:Humala
1524:García
1519:Toledo
1504:García
1404:Leguía
1384:Leguía
1364:Romaña
1329:Arenas
1114:La Mar
1074:La Mar
681:Madrid
618:Callao
540:Panama
354:France
278:Spouse
249:, Peru
44:Larrea
1464:Odría
1454:Odría
1409:Ponce
1299:Prado
1294:Pardo
1274:Balta
1264:Prado
1254:Pezet
1249:Prado
1244:Pezet
1194:Elías
1184:Nieto
1169:Vidal
1089:Sucre
725:. In
638:Andes
630:Chile
574:with
531:Paita
496:Chile
75:42nd
1053:Peru
689:Peru
650:Peru
435:and
395:and
326:Lima
254:Died
247:Lima
234:Born
1051:of
950:ZBW
809:doi
775:doi
628:to
38:is
1585::
843:^
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1041:e
1034:t
1027:v
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777::
546:(
242:)
238:(
46:.
20:)
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