262:, but Oronhyatekha was an Orangeman. By 1881 he had become Supreme Chief Ranger of Foresters, the organisation's international CEO, a position that he held for a record 26 years. In 1889, he moved to Toronto, where the IOF headquarters had relocated. During his tenure as SCR, Oronhyatekha transformed the order into one of the wealthiest fraternal financial institutions in the Victorian world; today, it counts more than one-million members in North America and the European Union. Oronhyatekha was an active Orangeman and served as County Grand Master of Middlesex Country Orange Lodge.
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In the 1890s, he purchased an island from his wife's family across from
Deseronto, which he renamed as Foresters' Island. Here, he built a second family home, an IOF meeting and dining hall, a bandstand, the Isle Hotel and cottages for guests, and a wharf at which boats from the mainland could dock.
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in 1911. For its time, the Temple was the tallest office building in the
British empire and incorporated the latest technology, such as electric elevators and lights, both of which were powered by an electrical plant in the basement; a chilled drinking water system; and extensive fireproofing. The
124:; a successful CEO of a multinational financial institution; a native statesman; an athlete of international standing; and an outspoken champion of the rights of women, children, and minorities. He was once thought to be the first Native M.D. in Canada, having gotten his degree in 1866 from
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Oronhyatekha also belonged to the
International Order of Good Templars, several branches of the Masonic Order, the Ancient Order of United Workmen, the Knights of the Maccabees, and the Orange Order. He was the Worshipful Master of Richardson Masonic Lodge in Stouffville, Ontario in 1894.
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A plaque was erected by the
Toronto Historical Board in Allan Gardens in Cabbagetown, where he had lived in Toronto. His house at 209 Carlton is listed in the Cabbagetown heritage inventory and is part of the Cabbagetown Heritage District. A nearby lane has been named Dr. O
308:, on Victoria Day of 1881. His eldest child, Catherine, married Percy John Johnson, an Australian. His son Acland Martin, who also became a medical doctor, married twice. Neither had any children. Acland died young, a few months after his father.
269:, which once stood at the corner of Bay and Richmond in Toronto, until shortly after his death. It contained natural history artifacts, items from Canadian Native groups, and from cultures around the world. The artifacts were transferred to the
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After graduation, he practiced at
Frankford, Stratford, Napanee, Buffalo, New York, and London, Ontario. As his medical practice grew, he also became a figure of increasing importance in Victorian Canada. In 1871, he became a member of the
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His former home in London, Ontario, at 172 Central (formerly
Litchfield) Avenue, is under consideration for local designation. The Temple building, which would have easily qualified for historic status, was demolished in the
156:, he was the sixth son of Peter Martin and Lydia Loft (from Tyendinaga), and one of up to eighteen children. He first attended the Mohawk Institute residential school, where he was taught the shoemaker trade. He attended the
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which competed at
Wimbledon. In 1874, he was elected the President of the Grand Council of Indian Chiefs, a provincial organization largely made up of Anishinabe and Iroquoian communities in southwestern Ontario.
219:, who took him under his wing. However, he returned to the Six Nations Reserve shortly afterwards, in June of that year, to clear his name of charges made by missionary Abraham Nelles, who worked there.
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He and Ellen had six children together, only two of whom survived to adulthood. Three of his children died very early. One son, Henry, drowned at the age of 10 during the sinking of the
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297:, Ontario. It opened for operations in 1906, and Oronhyatekha described it as his life's crowning achievement. But he died the next year, and the orphanage was sold in 1908.
211:, suggests that this was really Acland's idea. Acland taught at Oxford and became Oronhyatekha's mentor and friend for the rest of their lives. Oronhyatekha matriculated at
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While the hotel seems to have been open for all guests, not just IOF members, Martin hosted huge IOF gatherings each summer to celebrate its anniversaries.
136:), from New Credit, has been documented as having graduated a few months before Oronhyatekha. The fact that Oronhyatekha achieved these results during the
140:, when racism and pressure for First Nations peoples to assimilate were commonplace, has made him a figure approaching legend in some aboriginal circles.
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Temple also featured many amenities for its staff, including its own newsstand, cafe and dining room, smoking room, meeting rooms, and bicycle storage.
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Montreal: McGill-Queen's
University Press, 2010; Trudy Nicks, "Dr. Oronhyatekha's History Lessons: Reading Museum Collections as Texts,"
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Independent Order of
Foresters. Oronhyatekha Historical Rooms and Library; Oronhyatekha Historical Collection; Cumberland, Barlow (1904).
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While heading the
Foresters, he built one of the first North American museums created by a Native individual. It was housed in the
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in 1863. He graduated with his B.M. in 1865 and his M.D. in 1866. In 1866, he also served in the Queen's Own Rifles during the
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physician, scholar, and a unique figure in the history of British colonialism. He was the first known aboriginal scholar at
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Colour postcard of "Orphans' Home, Foresters Island near Deseronto, Ont.", published by Valentine & Sons Co. Ltd.
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Parks Canada designated Oronhyatekha as a national historic person in 2001, erecting a plaque at Tyendinaga.
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371:"Biography – JONES, PETER EDMUND – Volume XIII (1901-1910) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography"
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In 2002, the Royal Ontario Museum and the Woodland Cultural Centre curated an exhibit called
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Ed. Jennifer S.H. Brown and Elizabeth Vibert. Peterborough: Broadview Press, 2003, 459-489.
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His biography was co-authored by Keith Jamieson and Michelle Hamilton for Dundurn Press.
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Royal Spectacle:The 1860 Visit of the Prince of Wales to Canada and the United States
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In 1878, while living in London, Oronhyatekha applied to become a member of the
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476:. Supreme Court, Independent Order of Foresters – via Internet Archive.
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was sufficiently impressed that he urged the young Oronhyatekha to attend the
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Collections and Objections: Aboriginal Material Culture in Southern Ontario.
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Oronhyatekha was most proud of an orphanage he established in 1904 on the
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Oronhyatekha was selected at the age of twenty by the Six Nations
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638:, Jamieson, Keith and Michelle A. Hamilton. Dundurn Press, 2014
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Plummer, Kevin (30 August 2008). "Toronto's First Skyscraper".
474:"Catalogue and notes of the Oronhyatekha Historical Collection"
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was moved to the IOF new headquarters at 789 Don Mills Road.
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A collection of photos of Oronhyatekha has been started on
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during his visit to Canada and the US. Legend has it that
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After returning to Canada, Martin married Ellen Hill, or
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Oronhyatekha has been commemorated in several ways:
556:"Mohawk Ideals, Victorian Values: Oronhyatekha M.D."
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Bridging Two Peoples Chief Peter E. Jones, 1843–1909
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692:Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)
492:Reading Beyond Words. Contexts for Native History.
340:Mohawk Ideals, Victorian Values: Oronhyatekha M.D.
635:Dr. Oronhyatekha: Security, Justice, and Equality
460:Beyond the Banners: The Story of the Orange Order
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625:. Vol. XIII (1901–1910) (online ed.).
445:Dr Oronhyatekha: Security, Justice, and Equality
226:(meaning "moving sun"). He also enrolled in the
195:Nations) to give the welcoming address to the
415:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography
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619:. In Cook, Ramsay; Hamelin, Jean (eds.).
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433:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
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175:Confederacy (consisting of the Mohawk,
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615:Comeau-Vasilopoulos, Gayle M. (1994).
443:Keith Jamieson, Michelle A. Hamilton,
697:Six Nations of the Grand River people
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234:, one of the armed conflicts of the
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667:19th-century Canadian physicians
622:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
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418:. New York: D. Appleton.
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384:Sherwin, Allan (2012).
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429:Radforth, Ian (2004).
388:. Waterloo: WLU Press.
330:Walter Seymour Allward
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213:St Edmund Hall, Oxford
486:Michelle A Hamilton,
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569:"History at Western"
409:"Oronhyatekha"
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232:Battle of Ridgeway
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77:(1907-03-03)
75:3 March 1907
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25:Oronhyatekha
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662:1907 deaths
657:1841 births
525:16 February
651:Categories
542:Torontoist
515:"Untitled"
357:References
224:Karakwineh
54:1841-08-10
404:Fiske, J.
260:Orangemen
193:Tuscarora
144:Biography
116:), was a
588:Facebook
462:, p. 102
350:Facebook
302:Victoria
181:Onondaga
173:Iroquois
67:, Canada
608:at the
108:in the
65:Ontario
325:1970s.
191:, and
189:Seneca
185:Cayuga
177:Oneida
134:Ojibwa
128:, but
118:Mohawk
449:p. 77
321:Lane.
152:near
527:2012
254:, a
72:Died
48:Born
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104:or
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