Origin of Latter Day Saint polygamy

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elders. The original of this revelation has been burnt. William Clayton wrote it down from the Prophet's mouth; it found its way into the hands of Bishop Whitney , who obtained Joseph Smith's permission to copy it. Sister Emma burnt the original. I mention this to you because such of you as are aware of the revelation, suppose that it no longer exists. I prophesy to you that the principle of polygamy will make its way, and will triumph over the prejudices and all the priestcraft of the day; it will be embraced by the most intelligent parts of the world as one of the best doctrines ever proclaimed to any people. You have no reason whatever to be uneasy; there is no occasion for your fearing that a vile mob will come hither to trample underfoot the sacred liberty which, by the Constitution of our country, is guaranteed to us. It has been a long time publicly known, and in fact was known during his life, that Joseph had more than one wife. A Senator, a member of Congress, was well aware of it, and was not the less our friend for all that; so much so, as to say that were this principle not adopted by the United States, we would live to see human life reduced to a maximum of thirty years. He said openly that Joseph had hit upon the best plan for re-invigorating men, and assuring a long life to them; and, also, that the Mormons are very good and very virtuous. We could not have proclaimed this principle a few years ago; everything must abide its time, but I am now ready to proclaim it. This revelation has been in my possession for many years, and who knew it? No one, except those whose business it was to know it. I have a patent lock to my writing-desk, and nothing gets out of it that ought not to get out of it. Without the doctrine which this revelation makes known to us, no one could raise himself high enough to become a god.

847:[My father] asked me if I would be sealed to Joseph ... [Smith explained] the principle of Celestial marriage .... After which he said to me, 'If you will take this step, it will ensure your eternal salvation & exaltation and that of your father's household & all of your kindred. This promise was so great that I willingly gave myself to purchase so glorious a reward. ... I felt quite sore about and thought it a very unkind act in father to allow William to go and enjoy the dance unrestrained with other of my companions, and fetter me down, for no girl danced better than I did, and I really felt it was too much to bear. It made the dull school more dull, and like a wild bird I longed for the freedom that was denied me; and thought to myself an abused child, and that it was pardonable if I did not murmur .... Besides my father was very kind and indulgent in other ways, and always took me with him when mother could not go, and it was not a very long time before I became satisfied that I was blessed in being under the control of so good and wise a parent who had taken counsel and thus saved me from evils. 929:, sometimes resisting." Although she knew of some of her husband's marriages, she almost certainly did not know the full extent of his polygamous activities. In 1843, Emma temporarily accepted Smith's marriage to four women of her choosing who boarded in the Smith household, but later regretted her decision and demanded the other wives leave. That July, at his brother Hyrum's encouragement, Joseph dictated a revelation directing Emma to accept plural marriage. Hyrum delivered the message to Emma, but she furiously rejected it. Joseph and Emma were not reconciled over the matter until September 1843, after Emma began participating in temple ceremonies, and after Joseph made other concessions to her. The next year, in March 1844, Emma publicly denounced polygamy as evil and destructive; and though she did not directly disclose Smith's secret practice of plural marriage, she insisted that people should heed only what he taught publicly—implicitly challenging his private promulgation of polygamy. 1457:, continue to contend that polygamy originated with Brigham Young and not with Joseph Smith. They note that the revelation endorsing polygamy and attributed to Smith was first presented by Young to his followers eight years after Smith's death; they point to this delay as suggestive that the revelation did not originate with Smith. As further evidence, they often cite Smith's own critical words on the subject of polygamy. They do not see the isolated statements to the contrary by early RLDS Church leaders such as Sheen, Marks, or Briggs as credible, and they deny the legitimacy and truthfulness of sources that are commonly cited to prove that Smith was practicing or promoting plural marriage. 1275:

exercise of their religious notions, and the freedom of their faith, and the practice of it. Then if it can be proven ... that the Latter-day Saints have actually embraced, as a part and portion of their religion, the doctrine of a plurality of wives, it is constitutional. ... There will be many who will not hearken, there will be the foolish among the wise who will not receive the new and everlasting covenant in its fullness, and they never will attain to their exaltation, they never will be counted worthy to hold the sceptre of power over a numerous progeny, that shall multiply themselves without end, like the sand upon the seashore.

1469: 459: 297: 1407:, a presiding elder in Wisconsin during the early 1840s, maintained throughout his life that Smith had originated polygamy and that God would punish Smith for his "transgressions." Briggs said that the church needed to simply deal with the issue and move on. The editor of the earliest official RLDS Church periodical, Isaac Sheen, similarly affirmed Smith's involvement. He wrote that Smith produced a revelation on polygamy and practiced it, but that he repented of this "sin" before his death. Sheen's statement was affirmed by 644:

One is the context for the revelation. Mormon missionaries had been denied access to the Indian Territory as they lacked authorization from the US Indian Agents. They sought access multiple times and were never granted permission. To circumvent this, they were to get a license from the government to trade goods with the Indians and while trading "disseminate the principles of Mormonism among them." In addition to the trading license, marrying the Natives would be an additional means of circumventing the US Indian Agents.

868: 1431:, formerly the RLDS Church, no longer makes definitive statements that Smith was uninvolved in polygamy. The church's current approach is to stress its historical abhorrence of polygamy, that members of the church and the leadership are open to continue their "ongoing quest for truth", and that the "Community of Christ takes into account the growing body of scholarly research and publications depicting the polygamous teachings and practices of the Nauvoo period of church history (1840–1846)". Further, 578: 6458: 1043:. I have the blessings of Jacob granted me, as he granted holy men of old, and I have long looked upon you with favor, and hope you will not repulse or deny me", to which Bennett claimed Pratt replied: "Am I called upon to break the marriage covenant ... to my lawful husband! I never will. I care not for the blessings of Jacob, and I believe in NO SUCH revelations, neither will I consent under any circumstances. I have one good husband, and that is enough for me." 3584:'The grand reason why the Gentiles and philosophers of his school persecuted Jesus Christ, was, because he had so many wives; there were Elizabeth, and Mary, and a host of others that followed him.' ... The grand reason of the burst of public sentiment in anathemas upon Christ and his disciples, causing his crucifixion, was evidently based upon polygamy, according to the testimony of the philosophers who rose in that age. 1373:, certifying that he copied the original manuscript of the revelation within three days after the date on which it was written. I knew Joseph C. Kingsbury well. Furthermore, the revelation was read by Hyrum Smith to a majority of the members of the High Council, in Nauvoo, at about the time it was given, to which fact we have the sworn statements of the members of the High Council. 1990:) David J. Whittaker contends that in 1861 it is "possible that Phelps added his own understanding thirty years later, Ezra Booth confirms early talk about marrying Indians, but the reasons for doing so probably did not include polygamy or even changing skin color, but rather facilitating entrance into the reservation for missionary work." 700:, [Smith] told me about his great vision concerning me. He said I was the first woman God commanded him to take as a plural wife. ... In 1834 he was commanded to take me for a Wife ... I went forward and was sealed to him. Brigham Young performed the sealing ... for time, and all Eternity. I did just as Joseph told me to do 2124:

Ann Whitney, Helen Kimball and Flora Woodworth. These all, he acknowledged to me, were his lawful, wedded wives, according to the celestial order. His wife Emma was cognizant of the fact of some, if not all, of these being his wives, and she generally treated them very kindly." – Clayton Affidavit – as quoted at

980:). The remaining seven have yet to be tested, including Josephine Lyon, for whom current DNA testing cannot provide conclusive evidence either way. Lyon's mother, Sylvia Sessions Lyon, left her daughter a deathbed affidavit telling her she was Smith's daughter. Research into this history is complicated by 999:, a medical doctor, to perform abortions on polygamous wives who were legally single, which Pratt alleged limited Smith's progeny from these wives. She based this on statements made to her by Bennett. This is corroborated by an August 1, 1842, affidavit published by Hyrum Smith in the Church periodical 3811:

The Scripture says that He, the Lord, came walking in the Temple, with His train; I do not know who they were, unless His wives and children; but at any rate they filled the Temple, and how many there were who could not get into the Temple I cannot say. This is the account given by Isaiah, whether he

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Dr. William E. Phipps noted that the belief that 'Jesus married, and married often!' was used to encourage and promote the doctrine of polygamy amongst timid Latter-Day Saints ... By the late-1850s the idea that more than one woman was married to Jesus was widely accepted among Mormon circles. ... As

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A segment of church members continue to deny Smith's complicity, although the church no longer views the issue as important. For people concerned about the topic and how it relates to the RLDS tradition, the issue remains as much about current liberal versus conservative church politics as it does an

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Though the LDS Church accepts that Joseph Smith taught and practiced plural marriage, other branches of the Latter Day Saint movement reject this position. Traditionally, the strongest rejection came from the RLDS Church. In the late-nineteenth century, the origin of polygamy was one of the principal

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days, and had no reference to the present time . Following Hyrum, Joseph Smith said "they make a criminality for a man to have a wife on earth while he has one in heaven" and that "the Revelation was given in view of eternity": 'He received for answer, men in this life must marry in view of eternity,

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s accusations of Mormon licentiousness, though after two days of consultation, Smith and the Nauvoo city council voted on June 10, 1844, to declare the paper a public nuisance and ordered the paper's printing press destroyed. The published minutes quote Hyrum making references "to the Revelation read

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Alas, none but the seduced join the seducer ; those only who have been arraigned before a just tribunal for the same unhallowed conduct can be found to give countenance to any of his black hearted lies, and they, too, detest him for his seduction, these are the ladies to whom he refers his hearers to

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disagree as to the impact and meaning of these ceremonies. In the latter part of his life, Smith taught that all humans must be united or sealed to each other. He taught that a marriage that extends after death is also called "sealing", and that the power to perform such ceremonies was initially held

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The revelation was not made public to the LDS Church as a whole until Brigham Young publicly acknowledged it in 1852. Young claimed that the original had been burned by Smith's widow Emma Smith, though Emma denied that the document ever existed and said of the story told by Young: "It is false in all

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were in attendance, including Brigham Young. Young became acquainted with Cochran's followers as he made several missionary journeys through Cochranite territory from Boston to Saco, and later married Augusta Adams Cobb, a former Cochranite, as one of his plural wives. Others who spent time among the

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questioned the thirty-year gap between the revelation and Phelps's later recollection: "he Phelps letter has been widely touted as the earliest source documenting the advocacy of Mormon polygamy, it is not without its problems. For example, Phelps himself, in a 16 September 1835 letter to his wife,

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of the RLDS Church, Smith denied his father's involvement and attributed its invention to Brigham Young. Smith III served many missions to the western United States where he met with associates and women who claimed to be his father's widows. In the end, Smith concluded that he was "not positive nor

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The question of children from Smith's alleged plural wives has been raised since his death. Smith has not been proven to have had children other than those born to Emma Smith. As of 2014, there are at least twelve early individuals who, based on historical documents and circumstantial evidence, have

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told her that a revelation foreshadowing polygamy had been written in 1831 but never published, and that although its existence in the church library is acknowledged, "in conformity with the church policy", Brodie would not be permitted to examine it. Three authors assert that a second record of the

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on December 8, 1831, in which he refers to the "revelation form a matrimonial alliance with the Natives", but the letter makes no reference to polygamy. This letter is significant in that it confirms that a revelation about marrying Natives occurred, but it is also problematic for multiple reasons.

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Pratt clearly loud out arguments in favor of polygamy that the Saints would use for years to come. ... Pratt and others argued that Jesus had three wives: Mary Magdalene, and Lazarus' two sisters, Mary and Martha. Orson Hyde went a step further and preached that 'Jesus Christ was married at Cana of

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Clayton relates: "On the 1st day of May, 1843, I officiated in the office of an Elder by marrying Lucy Walker to the Prophet Joseph Smith, at his own residence. During this period the Prophet Joseph took several other wives. Amongst the number I well remember Eliza Partridge, Emily Partridge, Sarah

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A careful reading of the revelation on plural marriage should convince any honest man that it was never written by Brigham Young, as it contains references to Joseph Smith himself, and his family, which would be utterly nonsensical and useless if written by President Young. The fact is, we have the

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It is a fact so well known that the Twelve and their adherents have endeavored to carry on this spiritual wife business ... and have gone to the most shameful and desperate lengths to keep from the public. First, insulting innocent females, and when they resented the insult, these monsters in human

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that binds individuals together in the eternities) to refer to the unions rather than "marriage" (a social tradition in which two adults consent to be spouses in this life) may indicate that the participants did not understand sealing to equate to marriage. In the early days of the Latter Day Saint

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In the text of the revelation, it also states that the first wife's consent should be sought before a man marries another wife, but also declares that Christ will "destroy" the first wife if she does not consent to the plural marriage, and that if consent is denied the husband is exempt from asking

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Among Cochran's marital innovations was "spiritual wifery". Ridlon wrote in 1895, "tradition assumes that received frequent consignments of spiritual consorts, and that such were invariably the most robust and attractive women in the community." Some new Cochranites remained polygamists, and moved

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30:5–6, which states that when Lamanites and Nephites receive the gospel they will become a "white and a delightsome people." Unlike the 1831 revelation, the 1830 version of the Book of Mormon does not specify that the Native Americans would become "white and delightsome" through plural marriage. A

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It will be borne in mind that once on a time, there was a marriage in Cana of Galilee; and on a careful reading of that transaction, it will be discovered that no less a person than Jesus Christ was married on that occasion. If he was never married, his intimacy with Mary and Martha, and the other

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on June 7, 1844, in which several signed and notarized affidavits from eyewitnesses were reproduced. The affidavit by Law stated, "Hyrum Smith a revelation from God, he said that he was with Joseph when it was received. ... The revelation (so called) authorized certain men to have more wives than

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Inasmuch as God was the first husband to her, it may be that He only gave her to be the wife of Joseph while in this mortal state, and that He intended after the resurrection to again take her as one of his wives to raise up immortal spirits in eternity. ... We have now clearly shown that God the

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The doctrine which Orson Pratt discoursed upon this morning was the subject of a revelation anterior to the death of Joseph Smith. It is in opposition to what is received by a small minority of the world; but our people have for many years believed it, though it may not have been practiced by the

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A man asked me whether the commandment was given that a man may have seven wives .... I am innocent of all these charges, and you can bear witness of my innocence, for you know me yourselves .... What a thing it is for a man to be accused of committing adultery, and having seven wives, when I can

1035:", "plurality of wives", "spiritual wifeism"—to conceal the controversial practice. Sarah Pratt claimed in an 1886 interview that while in Nauvoo over forty years earlier, Smith was attracted to her and intended to make her "one of his spiritual wives." According to Bennett, while Pratt's husband 804:

The revelation states that plural wives "are given unto him to multiply and replenish the earth, according to my commandment, and to fulfill the promise which was given by my Father before the foundation of the world, and for their exaltation in the eternal worlds, that they may bear the souls of

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About three years after this was given , I asked brother Joseph, privately, how "we," that were mentioned in the revelation could take wives of the "natives" as we were all married men? He replied instantly "In the same manner that Abraham took Hagar and Keturah; and Jacob took Rachel, Bilhah and

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in 1843. Marks also affirmed that Joseph Smith had repented of the practice two to three weeks before his death in 1844. Similarly, James Whitehead, an RLDS Church member and clerk for Smith, affirmed that Emma Smith gave plural wives to Smith on several occasions that he witnessed. Early in his

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Under Young, the practice of polygamy spread among Utah Mormons for 40 years. During this time, an estimated 20 to 25 percent of adults in the LDS Church were members of polygamist households. One third of the women of marriageable age and nearly all of the church leadership were involved in the

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taught in an official church periodical that "We have now clearly shown that God the Father had a plurality of wives," and that after her death, Mary (the mother of Jesus) may have become another eternal polygamous wife of God. He also stated that Christ had multiple wives as further evidence in

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Wednesday 12th This A.M, I wrote a Revelation consisting of 10 pages on the order of the priesthood, showing the designs in Moses, Abraham, David and Solomon having many wives & concubines &c. After it was wrote Prests. Joseph & Hyrum presented it and read it to who said she did not

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The research findings seem to increasingly point to Joseph Smith Jr. as a significant source for plural marriage teaching and practice at Nauvoo. However, several of Joseph Smith's associates later wrote that he repudiated the plural marriage system and began to try to stop its practice shortly

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It is well known, however, to the congregation before me, that the Latter-day Saints have embraced the doctrine of a plurality of wives, as part of their religious faith. ... I think, if I am not mistaken, that the Constitution gives the privilege to all inhabitants of this country, of the free

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most pointed denial of plural marriage occurred on 5 October 1843 in instructions pronounced publicly in the streets of Nauvoo. Willard Richards wrote in Smith's diary that Joseph 'gave instructions to try those who were preaching, teaching, or practicing the doctrine of plurality of wives ....

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Joseph F. Smith ... He spoke upon the marriage on Cana of Galilee. He thought Jesus was the Bridegroom and Mary and Martha the brides. He also referred to Luke 10:34–42. Also John 11:2–5, John 12:13. Joseph Smith spoke upon these passages to show that Mary and Martha manifested much closer

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J.C. Bennett has published lies concerning myself & family & the people with which I am connected .... His book I have read with the greatest disgust. No candid honest man can or will believe it. He has disgraced himself in eyes of all civilized society who will despise his very

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If all the acts of Jesus were written, we should no doubt learn that these beloved women were his wives. ... We have also proved most clearly that the Son followed the example of his Father, and became the great Bridegroom to whom kings' daughters and many honorable Wives were to be

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one at a time." The affidavit by Austin Cowles stated, "In the latter part of the summer, 1843, the Patriarch, Hyrum Smith, did in the High Council, of which I was a member, introduce what he said was a revelation given through the Prophet the doctrine of a plurality of wives."

521:. According to several of his associates, Smith taught that polygamy was a divine commandment and practiced it personally, by some accounts marrying more than 30 women, some of whom had existing marriages to other men. Evidence for Smith's polygamy is provided by the church's " 1079:

and Martha Brotherton "also suffered slanderous attacks because they exposed the Church's private polygamy posture." Orson Pratt stood by his wife in preference to the denials of Smith, who had told him "f did believe his wife and follow her suggestions he would go to hell".

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Jesus was the bridegroom at the marriage at Cana of Galilee ... I do not despise to be called ... a child of the Savior if he had Mary, Martha, and several others as wives ... I shall say here, that before the Savior died, he looked upon his own natural children

1209:'s opinion, "this was an attempt by Smith to obscure the real intent of the revelatory message," and W. E. La Rue emphasizes the contradiction between the statements of the two brothers. J. L. Clark writes that Hyrum's statement "appeared in the Nauvoo 1606:: "As we have lately been credibly informed, that an Elder of the Church of Jesus Christ, of Latter-day Saints, by the name of Hiram Brown, has been preaching Polygamy, and other false and corrupt doctrines, in the county of Lapeer, state of Michigan." 1929:

history professor Hyrum Andrus, who writes "the Prophet understood the principle of plural marriage as early as 1831. ... ccording to Elder Phelps, the revelation then indicated that in due time the brethren would be required to take plural wives."

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Following the 1852 official sanction, top leaders used the examples of the polygamy of God the Father and Jesus Christ in defense of it, and these teachings on God and Jesus' polygamy were widely accepted among Mormons by the late 1850s. In 1853

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stated that "Dr. John Cook Bennett was the ruin of Orson Pratt". Van Wagoner and Walker note that, on August 20, 1842, "after four days of fruitless efforts at reconciliation, the Twelve excommunicated Pratt for 'insubordination' and Sarah for

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From the 1880s to the 1960s, official RLDS Church publications maintained Joseph Smith's noninvolvement in polygamy. This official position contradicted the testimony of earlier RLDS Church members who lived in Nauvoo during Smith's lifetime.

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taught in an official church periodical in 1853 that, "We have now clearly shown that God the Father had a plurality of wives," and that after the death of Mary (the mother of Jesus) she may have become another eternal polygamous wife of God.

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It is not my fault; Hyrum Smith came to our house, with the affidavits all written out, and forced us to sign them. Joseph and the Church must be saved, said he. We saw that resistance was useless, they would have ruined us; so we signed the

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Records show that Smith publicly preached and wrote against the doctrine of plural marriage; however, it is also clear that Smith performed dozens of plural marriages. Allegedly, "several were still pubescent girls, such as fourteen-year-old

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Pratt reported that Smith told some early members in 1831 and 1832 that plural marriage was a true principle, but that the time to practice it had not yet come. Johnson also claimed to have heard the doctrine from Smith in 1831.

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shape would assail their characters by lying, and perjuries, with a multitude of desperate men to help them effect the ruin of those whom they insulted, and all this to enable them to keep these corrupt practices from the world.

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t is [Jesus Christ's] will, that in time, ye should take unto you wives of the Lamanites and Nephites , that their posterity may become white, delightsome, and Just, for even now their females are more virtuous than the

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also stated during two general conference addresses that Jesus practiced polygamy and repeated this in an 1857 address. This teaching was alluded to by church president Brigham Young in 1870 and then First Presidency member

2643:"Joseph was very free in his talk about his women. He told me one day of a certain girl and remarked, that she had given him more pleasure than any girl he had ever enjoyed. I told him it was horrible to talk like this.": 1162:

A group of former church members were in open conflict with Smith for various economic and political reasons, and because Smith had disciplined some of them in church courts for adultery, thievery, and other crimes.

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ceremony. Allegations that Smith had at least one child born to a plural wife remain unproven. Helen Mar Kimball's testimony and some scholars suggest that many of these marriages were not consummated. Statements by

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Father had a plurality of wives, one or more being in eternity by whom He begat our spirits as well as the spirit of Jesus His First Born, and another being upon the earth by whom He begat the tabernacle of Jesus.

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its parts, made out of whole cloth, without any foundation in truth." Published affidavits by eyewitnesses accusing church leaders of following the teaching and engaging in polygamy had resulted in

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Polygamy caused a breach between Smith and his first wife, Emma. Historian Laurel Thatcher Ulrich argues that "Emma vacillated in her support for plural marriage, sometimes acquiescing to Joseph's

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Reliable evidence indicates that Joseph Smith fathered some children through his plural marriages with single women, but that evidence does not necessarily support intimacy with polyandrous wives.

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who later become a First Presidency member stated that the top reason behind the persecution of Christ and his disciples was due to their practice of polygamy. Two months later the apostle

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in the 1870s. The 1843 revelation was rejected by the RLDS Church as not originating with Smith. Emma Smith said that the first she knew of the 1843 revelation was when she read of it in

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Sally, demonstrated no knowledge of church-sanctioned polygamy: 'I have no right to any other woman in this world nor in the world to come according to the law of the celestial kingdom.

601:, thirty years after the revelation was said to be given. This was during a period when LDS Church leaders were justifying the practice and origins of plural marriage, particularly to 1386:. Smith III's opinions about his father and polygamy evolved throughout his life. In general, however, Smith III was an ardent opponent of plural marriage. Throughout his tenure as 1193:

to the High Council of the Church, which has caused so much talk about multiplicity of wives; that said Revelation was in answer to a question concerning things which transpired in

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On July 12, 1843, Joseph Smith is said to have received a revelation that is much more widely accepted by historians. The revelation was supposedly dictated by Smith to his scribe

5759: 1763:' copy of the 1831 revelation which commands Mormons to marry Indians so that their posterity would become "white." The original is held by the LDS Church's historical department. 1075:

Van Wagoner has concluded that the adultery charges against Sarah Pratt are "highly improbable" and could "be dismissed as slander." In addition to Pratt, Van Wagoner states that

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practice. In 1890, the church repealed the practice of polygamy while under pressure by the United States government. The repeal was directed by revelation to church president

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movement, ordinances and doctrines were not always well-defined, and it is possible that different participants had different understandings of the meaning of the sealings.

4094: 6251: 6271: 6968: 6955: 5941: 5737: 5693: 5435: 4871: 1742: 1007:, Sarah Pratt's husband, later considered Bennett a liar, but Sarah Pratt said, " know that the principal statements in John C. Bennett's book on Mormonism are true." 139: 135: 6973: 6090: 269: 3558:

if the concept of Christ's polygamy was not unsettling enough, Mormonism even taught in the nineteenth century that God the Father had a plurality of wives as well.

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president of Nauvoo during Smith's lifetime and a close counselor to Joseph Smith III. Marks claimed to have seen Hyrum Smith read the polygamy revelation to the

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Poor documentation has led to estimates of the number of Smith's plural wives ranging from 33 to 48. Among the more notable alleged wives are the teenage servant

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was in England on missionary service, Smith proposed to Sarah by invoking the 1843 polygamy revelation: "Sister Pratt, the Lord has given you to me as one of my

972:(son of Clarissa Reed Hancock); Oliver Buell (son of Prescindia Huntington Buell); Moroni Llewellyn Pratt (son of Mary Ann Frost Pratt); Zebulon Jacobs (son of 663:

Though the 1831 revelation is cited by Mormon historians, non-Mormon historians, and critics, there are dissenting opinions, and no consensus has been reached.

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that led to schisms in the Latter Day Saint movement that continue to this day. The majority of the Latter Day Saints followed Brigham Young when he led the

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refer to the Phelps's document as "a copy of a purported revelation," and conclude that "obviously possibilities were being considered in the early 1830s."

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against Sarah Pratt and Bennett appeared in local and church publications with signed affidavits from her neighbors Stephen and Zeruiah Goddard and others.

1003:, where Hyrum claimed that Bennett had been telling women that "he would give them medicine to produce abortions, providing they should become pregnant." 6839: 5483: 5068: 4453: 2992: 5362: 557:(LDS Church), introduced plural marriage after Smith's death. In 1852, leaders of the Utah-based LDS Church publicly announced the doctrine of polygamy. 1329: 91: 4858:

Gospel Doctrine : Selections from The Sermons and Writings of Joseph F. Smith, Sixth President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

1743:"A photograph of W. W. Phelps' copy of the 1831 revelation which commands Mormons to marry Indians so that their posterity would become "white."" 7065: 4118: 4645: 2666:

asked Snow the question if she was not a virgin although married to Joseph Smith, she replied, "I thought you knew Joseph Smith better than that.":

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note from Phelps in the same document explains how the conversion of the Native Americans coincided with Smith's plan for a new system of marriage:

6695: 5688: 585:' transcript of what Phelps said was an 1831 polygamy revelation by Joseph Smith. The original is held by the LDS Church's historical department. 554: 285: 78: 4445:. Discusses the twentieth-century RLDS struggle to remember polygamy in the context of general American religious controversies in the same era. 747:, the center of Cochranism, on June 13, 1834, and August 21, 1835. At the latter conference, at least seven of the twelve newly ordained Mormon 6678: 6039: 5059: 938: 7085: 6765: 6354: 6241: 3223: 893:. Historians generally conclude that Smith did have multiple wives, but as Compton has written, little is known of these marriages after the 3407: 6027: 5990: 1786: 1387: 393: 2701:

I knew he had three children. They told me. I think two are living today but they are not known as his children as they go by other names.

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Howlett, David J. (2004), "Remembering Polygamy: the RLDS Church and the Late Twentieth-Century American Spiritual Transformations",

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The Foundations of Mormonism: A Study of the Fundamental Facts in the History and Doctrines of the Mormons from Original Sources

6690: 6655: 489: 377: 372: 367: 362: 4522:. Provides a discussion of Joseph Smith III's attempts to understand polygamy's origins and his father's role or lack thereof. 719:, Smith's scribe, recorded polygamous marriages in 1843, including unions between Smith and Eliza Partridge, Emily Partridge, 6806: 6570: 6532: 5785: 5572: 5428: 5165: 5080: 5018: 4980: 4885: 4784: 4740: 4609: 4590: 4541: 4410: 4359: 4326: 4245: 4175: 4104: 4080: 4048: 2392: 2341: 1237: 602: 325: 147: 6582: 4620: 1746: 1182: 1148: 6620: 6157: 5980: 5418: 4710: 3798: 3237: 2186: 1620: 1364:

of the LDS Church, stated in responding to the claim that polygamy originated with Brigham Young rather than Joseph Smith:

1361: 973: 506: 4167: 3735:... Jesus Christ was married at Cana of Galilee, that Mary, Martha, and others were his wives, and that he begat children. 6825: 6760: 5010: 4776: 4237: 1153:

Rumours of Smith's involvement with polygamy continued to circulate in Nauvoo, to which Smith responded on May 26, 1844:

1027:"rocked with tales that connected Joseph with Bennett's scandals." Bennett accused Smith of subsequently introducing new 757: 1089:". However, after a brief period of estrangement from Smith and the church in 1842, Orson Pratt labeled Bennett a liar: 937:

Scholars acknowledge that the tallies of Smith's plural wives include proxy sealings that occurred after Smith's death.

6466: 6034: 6017: 5865: 5464: 5348: 5321: 5293: 5265: 5237: 5129:

Gordon, Sarah Barringer (2003), "A War of Words: Revelation and Storytelling in the Campaign against Mormon Polygamy",

4384: 4006: 423: 4426:

Mormonism Unvailed: Or, A Faithful Account of that Singular Imposition and Delusion, from its Rise to the Present Time

4213: 7034: 6998: 6397: 6347: 6065: 6012: 5390: 4957: 4913: 4696: 4562: 4516: 4493: 4307: 4223: 4156: 4146: 4132: 3941: 3550: 3517: 3206: 1408: 876: 230: 151: 6670: 4338: 3748: 3032: 1631:

What a thing it is for a man to be accused of committing adultery, and having seven wives, when I can only find one.

1420:

presidency, Joseph Smith III did not believe Marks and Whitehead despite the eyewitness nature of their statements.

6598: 6527: 6321: 6298: 6210: 5963: 5890: 5815: 5790: 5577: 5562: 5533: 2619: 1474: 1416: 1248:

in 1846–47. Some Latter Day Saints remained in Illinois and the surrounding states and selected different leaders.

1158:

only find one. I am the same man, and as innocent as I was fourteen years ago; and I can prove them all perjurers".

87: 3504:

Desert Between the Mountains: Mormons, Miners, Padres, Mountain Men, and the Opening of the Great Basin, 1772–1869

7090: 7070: 7060: 6715: 6705: 6615: 6002: 5985: 5805: 5550: 2644: 2423: 1171:, became the head of this group. Accusations of polygamy among church leaders were published by the group in the 1164: 903: 899: 693: 672: 403: 252: 59: 2043: 1391:

sure that was innocent" and that if, indeed, the elder Smith had been involved, it was still a false practice.

1198:

otherwise they must remain as angels, or be single in heaven, which was the amount of the Revelation referred to

1062:

Pratt later claimed that Zeruiah Goddard told her these testimonies were made under threat from Smith's brother

851:

Written accounts of Smith's alleged liaisons are recorded as early as 1831, including Smith's relationship with

6162: 6117: 5953: 5870: 5860: 3839: 3695: 3642: 3470: 2078:, reported by David W. Evans (October 7, 1869), vol. 13 (London: Latter-day Saint's Book Depot, 1871), 192–293. 743:, who went into hiding in 1830 to escape imprisonment for practicing polygamy. Mormons held two conferences at 590: 428: 6542: 4726: 5722: 5601: 5545: 4066: 913: 433: 2337:

has been interpreted as meaning that the husband is exempt from asking for his wife's consent in the future.

1356:

issues that the RLDS Church and the LDS Church used to assert one organization's legitimacy over the other.

7039: 6749: 6725: 6650: 6645: 6340: 6022: 5900: 5072: 4877: 4582: 4508: 4376: 4072: 1028: 241: 131: 2333:"f she receive not this law ... she then becomes the transgressor; and he is exempt" The final portion of 635:

A reference was made to this revelation five months after its alleged date in a letter by Mormon apostate

6786: 6512: 6489: 5830: 5747: 5587: 4653: 3364: 3349: 2262: 926: 894: 748: 696:, Smith's ninth wife claimed that Smith had a private conversation with her in 1831 when she was twelve. 678: 522: 143: 6507: 4899: 2267:

Saco Valley Settlements and Families: Historical, Biographical, Genealogical, Traditional, and Legendary

6781: 6700: 6499: 5968: 5958: 5905: 5423: 5184: 1181:

Both Joseph and his brother Hyrum, days before their murder by a mob, spoke about the accusations at a

549:) challenged the evidence and taught that Joseph Smith had opposed polygamy. They instead claimed that 530: 482: 357: 4943: 3666: 3597: 3431: 206: 6936: 6604: 5742: 5400: 5371: 3852: 2928: 2826: 2126:

https://web.archive.org/web/20091022211721/http://geocities.com/Athens/Delphi/3750/Clayton_intro.html

1688:"It is difficult to determine exactly when Joseph Smith first felt compelled to practice polygamy." ( 1412: 992: 942:

only by him; members of the LDS Church believe that Smith passed the authority to the members of the

566: 413: 318: 281: 200: 123: 95: 4837:

Book of Mormon: An Account Written by the Hand of Mormon, Upon Plates Taken from the Plates of Nephi

6931: 6552: 6537: 6276: 5440: 4949: 4939: 4840: 2829:(ed.). "All Things Move in Order in the City: The Nauvoo Diary of Zina Diantha Huntington Jacobs". 2137: 1926: 1233: 784: 716: 463: 418: 408: 301: 277: 265: 212: 4751: 7029: 5880: 5875: 5623: 4527: 4485: 4351: 444: 388: 173: 3762:

Mary also whom Jesus loved, must have been highly unbecoming and improper to say the best of it.

3509: 7080: 6951: 6743: 6610: 6522: 6007: 5936: 5810: 5567: 5006: 4990: 4335: 3218: 2966: 2377: 2316: 2308: 2154: 1107: 910: 814: 185: 24: 3775: 3749:"Man the Head of the Woman – Kingdom of God – The Seed of Christ – Polygamy – Society in Utah" 3722: 3571: 3538: 2896: 2876: 7075: 6710: 6288: 5995: 5840: 5775: 5752: 5732: 5395: 5191: 4459: 3632: 3460: 2975: 2074: 1760: 1058:

substantiate his assertions. Mrs. White, Mrs. Pratt, Niemans, Miller, Brotherton, and others.

981: 856: 810: 656: 647:

The LDS Church never published Phelps's note or letter, nor has it been canonized as part of

598: 582: 475: 449: 127: 118: 5258:

The Persistence of Polygamy: from Joseph Smith's Martyrdom to the First Manifesto, 1844–1890

5120:

Joseph Smith, the Prophet, His Family, and His Friends: A Study Based on Facts and Documents

4856: 2069: 6910: 6738: 5910: 5855: 5705: 5597: 5474: 4862: 4062: 2953: 2937: 2441: 2304: 1450: 1261: 1206: 1112: 943: 826: 311: 2854: 1790: 8: 6983: 6624: 6363: 6266: 5915: 5845: 5835: 5780: 5700: 5118: 4969:

A House Full of Females: Plural Marriage and Women's Rights in Early Mormonism, 1835–1870

4319:

Sex and Sects: The Story of Mormon Polygamy, Shaker Celibacy, and Oneida Complex Marriage

3021: 3003: 2303:

The 1843 polygamy revelation was made public by Brigham Young on August 29, 1852, in the

1969: 1487: 1454: 1428: 1370: 736: 546: 542: 529:, letters, journals, and diaries. However, until his death, Smith and the leading church 103: 2442:"Differences between the RLDS and LDS Doctrine and Covenants on the subject of Marriage" 1232:

in Nauvoo. On June 27, 1844, in spite of a promise of protection from Illinois governor

6993: 6978: 6796: 6565: 6412: 6167: 6136: 6075: 5450: 5105: 5097: 4809: 4801: 4270: 4262: 4200: 4192: 3502: 3381: 2611: 2603: 2360: 1871: 1032: 257: 2897:"DNA tests rule out 2 as Smith descendants: Scientific advances prove no genetic link" 2681: 6941: 6926: 6875: 6484: 6442: 6437: 6293: 6215: 6129: 6102: 5665: 5660: 5582: 5493: 5327: 5317: 5299: 5289: 5271: 5261: 5243: 5233: 5109: 5053: 4976: 4953: 4927: 4919: 4909: 4881: 4813: 4736: 4692: 4605: 4586: 4572: 4558: 4537: 4512: 4489: 4406: 4399: 4380: 4355: 4322: 4303: 4274: 4219: 4204: 4152: 4128: 4100: 4076: 3638: 3546: 3513: 3466: 3202: 2970: 2649: 2615: 2471: 2454: 2364: 2203: 2056: 1948: 1654: 1598: 1303: 840: 720: 4238:"A Trajectory of Plurality: An Overview of Joseph Smith's Thirty-three Plural Wives" 2355: 2161:: 204–207: "On August 21, 1835, nine of the Twelve met in conference at Saco, Maine" 593:

recommending polygamy on July 17, 1831. This revelation is described in a letter to

6988: 6479: 6432: 6427: 6407: 6200: 5885: 5825: 5820: 5800: 5795: 5650: 5645: 5469: 5445: 5195: 5188: 5089: 4793: 4669: 4602:

Kingdom of Nauvoo: The Rise and Fall of a Religious Empire on the American Frontier

4420: 4254: 4184: 3525:

Galilee, that Mary, Martha, and others were his wives, and that he begat children.'

3373: 2663: 2595: 2427: 2350: 1383: 1344: 1336: 1245: 1173: 1168: 1142: 1098: 1081: 1050: 1024: 1020: 689: 534: 155: 107: 67: 3420:

A journey to Great-Salt-Lake City, Volume 2 By Julius Lucius Brenchle pp. 119–120

1659: 1603: 961:

been identified as children of women sealed to Smith at the time of their births.

867: 796:

believe a word of it and appeared very rebellious. ...appears much troubled about

6801: 6628: 6422: 6417: 6195: 6097: 6085: 5528: 5221: 4998: 4972: 4905: 4895: 4852: 4772: 4732: 4677: 4628: 4533: 4370: 4299: 4142: 4124: 4090: 3969:

See the quote of RLDS Church leadership "joint council" minutes from May 2, 1865.

3879: 2962: 2667: 2093: 1672: 1404: 1357: 1317: 1289: 1241: 1016: 996: 710: 510: 236: 218: 7024: 3671:. Washington, D.C. Liverpool Orson Pratt Franklin D. Richards. pp. 159, 172 3436:. Washington, D.C. Liverpool Orson Pratt Franklin D. Richards. pp. 158, 172 2921:"Reconstructing the Y-Chromosome of Joseph Smith Jr.: Genealogical Applications" 995:

in an 1886 interview with "vitriolic anti-Mormon journalist W. Wyl" of allowing

6865: 6577: 6392: 6231: 6205: 6190: 6152: 6112: 5920: 5670: 5630: 5540: 5036: 4394: 1340: 1257: 1236:, a mob attacked the prison and killed both brothers, an event that prompted a 985: 969: 886: 813:

by a mob in 1844. The revelation was codified in the LDS Church's canon as its

765: 706: 648: 631:

Zilpah; by revelation—the saints of the Lord are always directed by revelation.

618: 99: 4372:

Doing the Works of Abraham: Mormon Polygamy – Its Origin, Practice, and Demise

2088: 577: 7054: 7003: 6870: 6817: 6447: 6387: 6303: 6261: 6107: 6080: 5640: 5635: 5557: 5521: 5516: 5331: 5303: 5275: 5247: 5073:"Mormons and Native Americans: A Historical and Bibliographical Introduction" 5032: 4844: 4706: 3359: 1616: 1279:

Young expounded on Pratt's words later that day. Young's proclamation began:

1102: 890: 740: 724: 681: 660:

revelation exists, believed to be in the LDS Church's historical department,

594: 550: 273: 83: 5340: 5314:

Modern Polygamy in the United States: Historical, Cultural, and Legal Issues

5230:

The Persistence of Polygamy: Joseph Smith and the Origins of Mormon Polygamy

4931: 4777:"Nauvoo Roots of Mormon Polygamy, 1841–46: A Preliminary Demographic Report" 4218:, vol. 1, Nashville, TN: Southern Publishing Association, p. 157, 1129:

Joseph forbids it and the practice thereof. No man shall have but one wife'.

651:, which was done with many of Smith's other revelations. In 1943, historian 6900: 6890: 6791: 6755: 6474: 6377: 6308: 6256: 6236: 6124: 5655: 5618: 5211: 4828: 4716: 4449: 4289: 4233: 3403: 2901: 2881: 2279: 1952: 1626: 1266: 1076: 518: 348: 55: 5215: 4482:

Father Figure: Joseph Smith III and the Creation of the Reorganized Church

4347:

Religion and Sexuality: The Shakers, the Mormons, and the Oneida Community

968:

showed that five of these individuals were in fact not Smith descendants:

6402: 6060: 5123:, Salt Lake City: Tribune Printing and Publishing Company, pp. 60–61 4114: 3147: 2831: 1307: 1229: 1063: 1036: 1004: 977: 882: 852: 821: 744: 692:, said that Smith was teaching plural marriage as early as 1831 or 1832. 685: 652: 181: 6457: 5101: 4805: 4266: 4196: 2670:, statement of interview with Joseph Smith III, 23, LDS Church Archives. 2607: 1875: 1859: 6382: 6070: 5256:

Bringhurst, Newell G.; Foster, Craig L.; Hardy, B Carmon, eds. (2013).

3723:"The Judgements of God on the United States – The Saints and the World" 3385: 1735: 1312: 1019:

in 1841 over the public scandal that arose when Bennett's practice of "

906:

indicate that at least some of the marriages included sexual intimacy.

788: 753: 636: 617:

This wording is comparable with the portion of the 1830 edition of the

538: 177: 6332: 5152:"Plural Marriage in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints", 2171:

History of the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints

2110:(Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 1997) p. 644; citing Mosiah Hancock 6885: 6880: 6055: 5488: 5385: 5203: 5093: 4797: 4753:

Differences That Persist between the RLDS and LDS Churches, Chapter 3

4258: 4188: 4054: 2919:

Perego, Ugo A.; Myers, Natalie M.; Woodward, Scott R. (Summer 2005),

2599: 1185:

of June 8, 1844. The meeting's purpose was ostensibly to address the

526: 514: 159: 3377: 735:

Latter Day Saint historical sources indicate that as early as 1832,

7019: 6905: 6895: 5455: 1296: 1225: 843:". Kimball, Smith's 28th wife, wrote of her experience in 1843–44, 502: 4873:

The Saintly Scoundrel: The Life and Times of Dr. John Cook Bennett

4096:

The History of the Saints; or An Exposé of Joe Smith and Mormonism

6185: 3508:(1st ed.). New York: Henry Holt & Company, Inc. p. 1221: 1220:

Joseph and Hyrum Smith were subsequently jailed and charged with

622: 4923: 4832: 1999:

Journal History, August 26, 1857; cited by Hyrum Leslie Andrus,

6860: 513:, is generally believed to have originated with the founder of 3812:

told the truth or not I leave every body to judge for himself.

6560: 6283: 5511: 1382:

The first RLDS Church's leader was Joseph Smith's oldest son

1343:. Polygamy was definitively ended in the LDS Church with the 1264:

on August 28, 1852, and reprinted in an extra edition of the

902:, who had become an enemy of Joseph Smith; Eliza R. Snow and 6252:

Criticism of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

5137:(part 2), University of Chicago, Kent School of Law: 739–772 2282:(Center for Studies on New Religions, University of Kansas). 6272:

Eyewitness accounts associated with the Joseph Smith Papyri

5199: 4401:

Quest for Refuge: The Mormon Flight from American Pluralism

1149:

Death of Joseph Smith § Incidents leading to the event

533:

denied that he preached or practiced polygamy. Smith's son

4712:

History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

6091:

Cunning folk traditions and the Latter Day Saint movement

4068:

The Mormon Experience: A History of the Latter-Day Saints

3327:. The council met on June 8 and 10 to discuss the matter. 1350: 1053:

made the following allegation against Bennett and Pratt:

5260:. Volume 2. Independence, Missouri: John Whitmer Books. 5232:. Volume 1. Independence, Missouri: John Whitmer Books. 3272: 3270: 713:

was taught about plural marriage in the spring of 1832.

3357: 2269:(Rutland, Vermont: Charles E. Tuttle, 1895) pp. 269 ff. 1311:

defense of polygamy. In the next two years the apostle

543:

Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints

5228:

Bringhurst, Newell G.; Foster, Craig L., eds. (2010).

5179:– specifically about the beginnings of plural marriage 4901:

An Intimate Chronicle: The Journals of William Clayton

4295:

In Sacred Loneliness: The Plural Wives of Joseph Smith

3545:. Springville, UT: Cedar Fort, Inc. pp. 247–259. 3065: 3063: 2108:

In Sacred Loneliness: The Plural Wives of Joseph Smith

1444: 1010: 5255: 3543:

Dynasty of the Holy Grail: Mormonism's Holy Bloodline

3318: 3267: 1377: 5284:

Bringhurst, Newell G.; Hamer, John C., eds. (2007).

4455:

Under the Banner of Heaven: A Story of Violent Faith

3005:

Joseph Smith the Prophet: his Family and his Friends

2582:

Anderson, Richard Lloyd; Faulring, Scott H. (1998).

1464: 677:

After Smith's death, many early converts, including

4691:, vol. 2, London: W. Jeffs, pp. 118–120, 4033:

Price, "Joseph Smith Fought Polygamy", pp. 207–217.

3372:(2), Organization of American Historians: 426–428, 3060: 3051: 3049: 3047: 3045: 3043: 2918: 2418: 2416: 2414: 2252:, LDS Church Historical Department, Salt Lake City. 909:The general use of the terms "sealing" (which is a 4474:, New York: Fleming H. Revell Company, p. 215 4398: 3501: 3258: 3256: 3254: 3252: 3250: 2339:Cherniak, Cetti (2007), "The Theology of Desire", 1394: 1330:Latter Day Saint polygamy in the late 19th century 1015:Joseph Smith broke with short-lived church leader 5312:Jacobson, Cardell K.; Burton, Lara, eds. (2011). 5286:Scattering of the Saints: Schism within Mormonism 4529:The Joseph Smith Revelations: Text and Commentary 4321:. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press. 4120:No Man Knows My History: The Life of Joseph Smith 2982: 1805: 1803: 1714: 1712: 1710: 771: 7052: 5728:Christian fellowships of "the Remnants" movement 5227: 3499: 3406:. September 14, 1852. p. 14. Archived from 3040: 3008:, copy of Wilhelm Ritter von Wymetal's 1886 book 2731:, pp. 193–194) for a concurring assessment. 2679: 2581: 2411: 2250:Missionary Journal of Samuel Harrison Smith 1832 2089:Report of Elders Orson Pratt and Joseph F. Smith 1297:Teachings on the multiple wives of God and Jesus 964:In 2005 and 2007 studies, a geneticist with the 5689:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 5283: 4437:The John Whitmer Historical Association Journal 3247: 2584:"The Prophet Joseph Smith and His Plural Wives" 2003:(Salt Lake City: Desert Book., 1999), 489n436 ( 1993: 1864:The John Whitmer Historical Association Journal 1777: 1775: 1773: 1771: 1423: 764:from the east coast to the Mormon community of 666: 589:Some scholars believe that Smith transcribed a 555:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 286:Timeline of civil marriage in the United States 6847: 5311: 5288:. Independence, Missouri: John Whitmer Books. 4685:Remy, Jules; Brenchley, Julius Lucius (1861), 4557:, Grand Rapids, MI: Xulon Press, p. 632, 4443:, John Whitmer Historical Association: 149–172 3197:Van Wagoner, R. S. & Walker, S. C. (1982) 2680:Rollins Lightner, Mary Elizabeth (July 1926). 2322:132:1–4, 19, 20, 24, 34, 35, 38, 39, 52, 60–66 2312:132:1–4, 19, 20, 24, 34, 35, 38, 39, 52, 60–66 2307:and was codified in the 1870s in the church's 1911: 1909: 1800: 1707: 1615: 1546: 1544: 1542: 1540: 988:, and because two candidates died as infants. 791:later that day. Clayton wrote in his journal: 739:were converting followers of religious leader 572: 6833: 6348: 5568:Doctrine and Covenants (Book of Commandments) 5484:Church of Jesus Christ (Bickertonite) history 5370: 5356: 4684: 3224:Sidney Rigdon: A Portrait of Religious Excess 3036:, 1 August 1842, Joseph Smith Papers Project. 2955:The Prophet Joseph Smith and His Plural Wives 2686:The Utah Genealogical and Historical Magazine 2100: 2015: 2013: 1853: 1851: 1514: 1512: 1510: 1508: 1506: 1504: 1502: 608:The key portion of the revelation proclaims: 483: 319: 5185:"The LDS Church and Joseph Smith's Polygamy" 2087:Lyman Johnson as recounted by Orson Pratt, " 2081: 1768: 1323: 984:only being possible for descendants with an 597:written in 1861 by an early Mormon convert, 6247:Bibliography of books critical of Mormonism 5760:List of Reorganized Restorationist churches 5005: 4989: 3172: 3160: 3069: 3055: 2855:"DNA tests rule out 2 as Smith descendants" 2422: 2097:, vol. 40, no. 50 (December 16, 1878): 788. 1965: 1906: 1781:Ezra Booth, letter dated December 6, 1831, 1689: 1572: 1537: 1528: 1526: 1403:One of the founders of the Reorganization, 1251: 949: 507:Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints 6840: 6826: 6355: 6341: 5363: 5349: 5164:"Plural marriage in Kirtland and Nauvoo", 5058:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4652:, Price Publishing Company, archived from 4627:, Price Publishing Company, archived from 3776:"The Mormon Evasion of Anti-Polygamy Laws" 3495: 3493: 3491: 3489: 3309: 3307: 3305: 3303: 3301: 3106: 3104: 3102: 2062: 2010: 1848: 1566: 1499: 1483:Criticism of the Latter Day Saint movement 490: 476: 326: 312: 5217:The Four Major Periods of Mormon Polygamy 5067: 5011:"Sarah Pratt: The Shaping of an Apostate" 4550: 4525: 4429:, Painesville, OH: Howe, pp. 216–222 4316: 4061: 3799:"Gathering the Poor – Religion a Science" 3289: 3287: 3285: 3276: 3262: 3227:(Salt Lake City: Signature Books) p. 292. 2914: 2912: 2848: 2846: 2800: 2354: 2297: 2280:"Social roots of the Mormon United Order" 1987: 1944: 1843: 1809: 1785:(Ravenna, OH), December 8, 1831. Text at 1729: 1718: 1449:Modern RLDS Restorationists (such as the 7066:History of the Latter Day Saint movement 5182: 4725:Sillito, John R.; Staker, Susan (2002), 4448: 4165: 2510: 2484: 2338: 1831: 1523: 1213:of June 19, 1844, but was omitted from 920: 866: 576: 6362: 5210: 5116: 5031: 4724: 4705: 4502: 4479: 4434: 4288: 4232: 4141: 4089: 4021: 3994: 3978: 3957: 3928: 3916: 3904: 3892: 3536: 3486: 3352:'s review of Clark's book states that " 3324: 3298: 3142: 3140: 3132: 3121: 3099: 3017: 3011: 2780: 2760: 2740: 2712: 2569: 2522: 2506: 2504: 2019: 1642: 1593: 1591: 1561: 1550: 1133: 966:Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation 833: 16:Inception of plural marriage in Mormons 7053: 6518:God, Jesus Christ, and the Holy Spirit 5128: 4966: 4938: 4728:Mormon Mavericks: Essays on Dissenters 4674:The Mormon Hierarchy: Origins of Power 4618: 4571: 4467: 4343: 4113: 4046: 3835:relationship then merely believer .... 3336: 3313: 3282: 3093: 3081: 2909: 2843: 2764: 2752: 2724: 2533: 2496: 2385: 2039: 2027: 2004: 1931: 1915: 1900: 1888: 1759:A photograph of the important part of 1701: 1583: 1518: 1351:Stance of other Latter Day Saint sects 1111:in 1844 condemning the conduct of the 932: 565:When polygamy was introduced into the 6821: 6571:Joseph Smith Translation of the Bible 6336: 5573:Joseph Smith Translation of the Bible 5344: 5316:. New York: Oxford University Press. 5081:Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 5038:An Address to All Believers in Christ 5019:Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 4894: 4869: 4851: 4827: 4785:Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 4771: 4668: 4368: 4246:Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 4211: 4176:Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 3990: 3865: 3796: 3773: 3664: 3595: 3569: 3429: 3342: 3293: 3110: 2988: 2852: 2784: 2557: 2545: 2342:Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 2291: 2023: 1857: 1820: 1532: 605:who did not agree with the practice. 7086:Latter Day Saint belief and doctrine 6158:Latter Day Saints in popular culture 5187:(audio interview of Assistant (LDS) 5117:Wymetal, Wilhelm Ritter von (1886), 4646:"Joseph Smith: Innocent of Polygamy" 4599: 4419: 4393: 4168:"'White' or 'Pure': Five Vignettes." 3797:Young, Brigham (November 13, 1870). 3746: 3720: 3693: 3630: 3458: 3356:is fairly accurate and perceptive." 3137: 2812: 2796: 2768: 2756: 2728: 2501: 2049: 1794: 1588: 974:Zina Diantha Huntington Jacobs Smith 871:Timeline of Joseph Smith's marriages 862: 5896:Spectrums of orthodoxy and practice 5183:Fabrizio, Doug (December 4, 2014). 4505:Joseph Smith III: Pragmatic Prophet 4405:. Salt Lake City: Signature Books. 2853:Moore, Carrie (November 10, 2007). 2682:"Autobiography of Mary E. Lightner" 2059:, Summer 1905, LDS Church Archives. 2055:Mary Elizabeth Rollins Lightner to 1647: 1445:Modern RLDS Restorationist position 1011:1842 scandal and the new vocabulary 787:, and was shared with Smith's wife 342:This article is part of a series on 64:Origin of Latter Day Saint polygamy 13: 6035:List of prophecies of Joseph Smith 5144: 3570:Grant, Jedediah (August 7, 1853). 3500:Schelling Durham, Michael (1997). 2877:"Research focuses on Smith family" 2824: 2263:"Cochran Delusion/Mormon Invasion" 1378:RLDS Church under Joseph Smith III 1217:, published years later in Utah." 801:his wife's consent in the future. 776: 225:Late Corp. of the LDS Church v. US 14: 7102: 6734:Comparison with Latter-day Saints 6013:Historicity of the Book of Mormon 5391:Mormonism and Nicene Christianity 4749: 4688:A Journey to Great-Salt-Lake City 4643: 4166:Campbell, Douglas (Winter 1996), 4148:Joseph Smith: Rough Stone Rolling 3201:(Salt Lake City: Signature Books 2825:Jacobs, Zina Diantha Huntington. 2395:. Vol. 15. 1853. p. 30. 1047:Published allegations of adultery 877:List of the wives of Joseph Smith 655:stated that LDS Church historian 560: 92:Late-19th century Mormon polygamy 6456: 6299:Temple architecture (LDS Church) 5964:Black people and early Mormonism 5563:Criticism of Mormon sacred texts 5160:– provides a historical overview 4967:Ulrich, Laurel Thatcher (2017). 4554:The Rise of Mormonism: 1816–1844 4253:(2), Dialogue Foundation: 1–38, 4099:, Boston: Leland & Whiting, 4027: 4015: 4000: 3984: 3972: 3963: 3951: 3934: 3922: 3910: 3898: 3886: 3871: 3859: 3845: 3817: 3790: 3767: 3740: 3714: 3687: 3658: 3624: 3589: 3563: 3530: 3452: 3423: 3414: 3392: 3330: 3230: 1793:on June 7th, 2011. Reprinted in 1475:Latter Day Saint movement portal 1467: 730: 457: 295: 31: 6706:World Church Leadership Council 4715:, vol. 6, Salt Lake City: 4619:Price, Richard; Price, Pamela, 3883:, vol. 5, October 1902, p. 988. 3774:Barry, Richard (October 1910). 3694:Hyde, Orson (October 6, 1854). 3212: 3191: 3178: 3166: 3154: 3126: 3115: 3087: 3075: 3026: 2997: 2947: 2889: 2869: 2818: 2806: 2790: 2774: 2746: 2734: 2718: 2706: 2673: 2656: 2637: 2575: 2563: 2551: 2539: 2527: 2516: 2490: 2478: 2475:, vol. 5, p. 423, 474, 490–491. 2464: 2447: 2434: 2399: 2371: 2356:10.5406/dialjmormthou.40.2.0001 2327: 2285: 2272: 2255: 2239: 2226: 2213: 2196: 2179: 2164: 2147: 2130: 2117: 2033: 1980: 1958: 1937: 1920: 1894: 1882: 1837: 1825: 1814: 1723: 1695: 1682: 1665: 1395:Historical RLDS Church position 694:Mary Elizabeth Rollins Lightner 621:, which corresponds to today's 6163:Portrayal of Mormons in comics 6118:Association for Mormon Letters 4945:Mormonism – Shadow or Reality? 4621:"Joseph Smith Fought Polygamy" 4578:Mormon Enigma: Emma Hale Smith 4551:Marquardt, H. Michael (2005), 4526:Marquardt, H. Michael (1999), 3942:True Latter Day Saints' Herald 3721:Hyde, Orson (March 18, 1855). 3637:. Cedar Fort Inc. p. 62. 3634:The Eternal Father and His Son 3465:. Cedar Fort Inc. p. 62. 3462:The Eternal Father and His Son 1636: 1609: 1577: 1555: 1436:before his death in June 1844. 939:Latter Day Saint denominations 772:1840s: development and fallout 1: 4468:La Rue, William Earl (1919), 4212:Clark, Jerome Leslie (1968), 4151:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 4047:Andrus, Hyrum Leslie (1973), 4039: 4012:, (accessed August 13, 2008). 3596:Pratt, Orson (October 1853). 976:); and Orrison Smith (son of 756:and Smith's younger brother, 262:Freedom of religion in the US 7040:Terminology within polyamory 4878:University of Illinois Press 4583:University of Illinois Press 4509:University of Illinois Press 4377:University of Oklahoma Press 4073:University of Illinois Press 2393:"Millennial Star Supplement" 1424:Community of Christ position 673:List of Joseph Smith's wives 667:Early teachings and practice 464:Latter Day Saints portal 302:Latter Day Saints portal 242:List of polygamy court cases 7: 6490:Supreme Directional Control 5748:Latter Day Church of Christ 5588:Book of the Law of the Lord 5465:Community of Christ history 5198:and Andrea G. Radke-Moss). 4317:Davenport, Stewart (2022). 3856:. MacMillan (1992) p. 1095. 3365:Journal of American History 3350:Journal of American History 2221:Brigham Young and His Wives 1460: 1183:Nauvoo city council meeting 573:Possible revelation in 1831 10: 7107: 6848:Close plural relationships 6782:Joseph Smith Mansion House 6696:Council of Twelve Apostles 4995:Mormon Polygamy: A History 4600:Park, Benjamin E. (2020). 4503:Launius, Roger D. (1988), 4480:Launius, Roger D. (1990), 4369:Hardy, B. Carmon (2017) , 4008:Frequently Asked Questions 3826:Wilford Woodruff's Journal 3747:Hyde, Orson (March 1857). 2827:Beecher, Maureen Ursenbach 1327: 1288:Additionally, the apostle 1146: 1140: 1124:According to Van Wagoner, 953: 874: 670: 38:A Mormon "Saint" and Wives 7012: 6950: 6937:Polygamy in North America 6919: 6853: 6774: 6766:International Peace Award 6724: 6669: 6646:Children's Peace Pavilion 6638: 6605:Community of Christ Sings 6591: 6551: 6498: 6465: 6454: 6370: 6317: 6224: 6178: 6145: 6048: 5929: 5768: 5743:Apostolic United Brethren 5679: 5611: 5602:Fettingites and offshoots 5504: 5436:History of the LDS Church 5409: 5401:Teachings of Joseph Smith 5378: 5372:Latter Day Saint movement 4940:Tanner, Jerald and Sandra 4870:Smith, Andrew F. (1971), 4344:Foster, Lawrence (1981), 4215:1844: Religious Movements 3853:Encyclopedia of Mormonism 3537:Swanson, Vern G. (2013). 3188:(Salt Lake City), p. 180. 2929:Journal of Mormon History 1324:Expansion and repudiation 1252:1850s: official sanction 709:reported that his father 567:Latter Day Saint movement 545:(RLDS Church, now called 282:Polygamy in North America 136:Current state of polygamy 96:Mormon colonies in Mexico 6932:Polygamy in Christianity 6322:Latter Day Saints Portal 6277:Kirtland Egyptian papers 5441:Mormon handcart pioneers 4950:Utah Lighthouse Ministry 4050:Doctrines of the Kingdom 3696:"The Marriage Relations" 3186:The Orson Pratt Journals 2138:Evening and Morning Star 2001:Doctrines of the Kingdom 1493: 1453:), who have broken with 956:Children of Joseph Smith 950:Smith's alleged children 581:A photograph of part of 278:Polygamy in Christianity 266:Legal status of polygamy 7030:New relationship energy 5769:Doctrines and practices 5222:Signature Books Library 5131:Chicago Kent Law Review 5007:Van Wagoner, Richard S. 4991:Van Wagoner, Richard S. 4604:. New York: Liveright. 4486:Herald Publishing House 4352:Oxford University Press 3631:Dana, Bruce E. (2004). 3459:Dana, Bruce E. (2004). 727:, and Flora Woodworth. 174:Morrill Anti-Bigamy Act 7091:Doctrine and Covenants 7071:19th-century Mormonism 7061:Mormonism and polygamy 6744:Harmony (organization) 6611:Daily Prayer for Peace 6583:Doctrine and covenants 5851:Melchizedek priesthood 4876:, Urbana and Chicago: 4707:Roberts, Brigham Henry 4336:Doctrine and Covenants 4143:Bushman, Richard Lyman 3832:: 187. July 22, 1883. 3430:Pratt, Parley (1853). 2961:June 22, 2008, at the 2857:. Deseret Morning News 2378:Doctrine and Covenants 2317:Doctrine and Covenants 2309:Doctrine and Covenants 2219:Stewart, J. J. (1961) 2155:Messenger and Advocate 2026:, pp. 13–15, and 1860:"The Lamanite Mission" 1858:Romig, Ronald (1994). 1438: 1375: 1286: 1277: 1270:, where Pratt stated: 1160: 1131: 1122: 1108:Messenger and Advocate 1105:wrote a letter to the 1096: 1073: 1060: 872: 849: 815:Doctrine and Covenants 798: 702: 633: 615: 603:Mormon splinter groups 586: 88:Wives of Brigham Young 40:by Charles Weitfle (c. 25:Mormonism and polygamy 7035:Primary and secondary 6974:List of practitioners 6711:Standing High Council 6289:Mormonism and history 5841:Judaism and Mormonism 5753:Centennial Park group 5733:Mormon fundamentalism 5396:Mormon fundamentalism 4650:Restoration Bookstore 4625:Restoration Bookstore 4063:Arrington, Leonard J. 4010:, Community of Christ 3993:, pp. 237, 442; 3803:Journal of Discourses 3753:Journal of Discourses 3727:Journal of Discourses 3700:Journal of Discourses 3665:Pratt, Orson (1853). 3576:Journal of Discourses 3539:"Christ and Polygamy" 3238:History of the Church 3184:Watson, E. J. (1975) 2976:FARMS Review of Books 2783:, pp. 494–497); 2763:, pp. 495–496); 2755:, pp. 340–341); 2246:Journal of Orson Hyde 2232:Carter, K. B. (1973) 2187:History of the Church 2075:Journal of Discourses 1622:History of the Church 1433: 1366: 1339:and published as the 1281: 1272: 1224:against the state of 1215:History of the Church 1155: 1126: 1117: 1091: 1068: 1055: 991:Smith was accused by 982:Y-DNA genetic testing 921:Emma Smith's reaction 870: 857:Marinda Nancy Johnson 845: 793: 698: 657:Joseph Fielding Smith 628: 610: 580: 270:List of practitioners 128:Centennial Park group 119:Mormon fundamentalism 60:Wives of Joseph Smith 6911:Relationship anarchy 6739:Graceland University 6716:Presiding Evangelist 6543:Worth of all persons 6533:Prophetic leadership 6028:Geographical setting 5974:Joseph Smith's views 5856:Patriarchal blessing 5806:Early views on death 5706:Restoration branches 5612:Founders and leaders 5598:The Word of the Lord 5578:Pearl of Great Price 5475:Restoration branches 4863:Deseret Book Company 4585:, pp. 89, 132, 4302:, pp. 497–503, 3838:Quote reproduced at 2967:Anderson, Richard L. 2905:. November 10, 2007. 2305:Salt Lake Tabernacle 2234:Our Pioneer Heritage 1787:Saints Without Halos 1451:Restoration Branches 1262:Salt Lake Tabernacle 1207:H. Michael Marquardt 1113:Quorum of the Twelve 1023:" became known, and 944:Quorum of the Twelve 834:Before Smith's death 6920:History and culture 6364:Community of Christ 6267:Joseph Smith Papyri 5916:Women and Mormonism 5846:Law of consecration 5836:Islam and Mormonism 5816:Gifts of the Spirit 5701:Community of Christ 5424:Extermination Order 5069:Whittaker, David J. 3824:"Evening Meeting". 3362:(1970), "Review ", 3358:Frank Otto Gatell; 2936:(2), archived from 2815:, pp. 195–196) 2771:, pp. 152–154) 2767:, pp. 92–93); 2727:, p. 89); see 2715:, pp. 494–495) 2408:, volume 3, p. 352. 1970:Richard Van Wagoner 1488:Islam and Mormonism 1455:Community of Christ 1429:Community of Christ 1371:Joseph C. Kingsbury 933:After Smith's death 855:(age 16), and with 737:Mormon missionaries 547:Community of Christ 104:Reed Smoot hearings 6994:Placement marriage 6979:Celestial marriage 6797:Plano Stone Church 6661:Field organization 6566:King James Version 6413:Frederick M. Smith 6168:Mormon pornography 6137:Placement marriage 6076:Mormon blogosphere 5451:Mormon Reformation 4997:, Salt Lake City: 4904:, Salt Lake City: 4750:Smith, Elbert A., 4719:, pp. 430–432 4676:, Salt Lake City: 4656:on August 20, 2006 4573:Newell, Linda King 4298:, Salt Lake City: 4053:, Salt Lake City: 4024:, pp. 149–172 3948:(January 1860):24. 3919:, pp. 150–151 3895:, pp. 190–267 3780:Pearson's Magazine 3404:Deseret News Extra 3219:Van Wagoner, R. S. 3096:, pp. 111–113 2971:Faulring, Scott H. 2622:on August 11, 2011 2428:"Nauvoo Expositor" 2278:Miller, T. (2005) 2070:Celestial Marriage 1834:, pp. 119–135 1441:issue of history. 1167:, a member of the 1033:celestial marriage 986:unbroken male line 873: 863:Smith's marriages 859:(age 16) in 1831. 587: 284: • 280: • 276: • 272: • 268: • 264: • 260: • 258:Celestial marriage 240: • 234: • 228: • 222: • 216: • 210: • 204: • 186:Edmunds–Tucker Act 184: • 180: • 176: • 158: • 154: • 150: • 146: • 142: • 138: • 134: • 132:Council of Friends 130: • 126: • 106: • 102: • 98: • 94: • 90: • 86: • 66: • 62: • 58: • 7048: 7047: 6942:Polygyny in Islam 6927:Combined marriage 6876:Open relationship 6815: 6814: 6679:Prophet-President 6485:Lineal succession 6443:Stephen M. Veazey 6438:W. Grant McMurray 6330: 6329: 6294:Reformed Egyptian 6216:Smith Family Farm 6130:Mormon folk music 6103:Mormon literature 5986:Pacific Islanders 5861:Plan of salvation 5786:Articles of Faith 5776:Adam–God doctrine 5681:LDS denominations 5666:Granville Hedrick 5661:William Bickerton 5583:Lectures on Faith 5494:William Bickerton 5429:Succession crisis 5379:Fundamental ideas 4982:978-0-307-74212-4 4887:978-0-252-02282-1 4841:Palmyra, New York 4759:, CenterPlace.org 4742:978-1-56085-154-7 4670:Quinn, D. Michael 4631:on August 5, 2006 4611:978-1-324-09110-3 4592:978-0-252-06291-9 4543:978-1-56085-126-4 4412:978-0-941214-70-4 4361:978-0-252-01119-1 4328:978-0-8139-4705-1 4106:978-0-252-02589-1 4082:978-0-252-06236-0 3410:on June 11, 2011. 3199:A Book of Mormons 3034:Times and Seasons 3020:, pp. 60–61 2943:on July 25, 2006. 2650:Salt Lake Tribune 2572:, pp. 17, 29 2472:Times and Seasons 2294:, pp. 94–101 2204:Times and Seasons 2106:Todd M. Compton, 2057:Emmeline B. Wells 1949:Leonard Arrington 1761:W. W. Phelps 1658:, vol. 5, no. 3, 1655:Times and Seasons 1599:Times and Seasons 1388:Prophet-President 1238:succession crisis 1001:Times and Seasons 841:Helen Mar Kimball 752:Cochranites were 721:Sarah Ann Whitney 599:William W. Phelps 583:W. W. Phelps 500: 499: 343: 336: 335: 170:Antipolygamy laws 79:Latter-day Saints 7098: 6989:Spiritual wifery 6842: 6835: 6828: 6819: 6818: 6701:Presiding Bishop 6691:First Presidency 6656:World Conference 6480:Amboy Conference 6460: 6433:Wallace B. Smith 6428:W. Wallace Smith 6408:Joseph Smith III 6357: 6350: 6343: 6334: 6333: 6201:Nauvoo, Illinois 6146:The Mormon Image 5981:Native Americans 5901:Son of perdition 5886:Second anointing 5826:Heavenly Parents 5801:Degrees of glory 5651:Joseph Smith III 5646:Wilford Woodruff 5470:Amboy Conference 5446:Mormon Battalion 5419:Church of Christ 5365: 5358: 5351: 5342: 5341: 5335: 5307: 5279: 5251: 5224: 5212:Compton, Todd M. 5207: 5196:Patrick Q. Mason 5189:Church Historian 5178: 5177: 5175: 5159: 5138: 5124: 5112: 5094:10.2307/45225400 5077: 5063: 5057: 5049: 5048: 5046: 5027: 5015: 5001: 4986: 4962: 4934: 4896:Smith, George D. 4890: 4865: 4847: 4833:"2 Nephi 30:5–6" 4823: 4822: 4820: 4798:10.2307/45228320 4781: 4767: 4766: 4764: 4758: 4745: 4720: 4701: 4680: 4664: 4663: 4661: 4644:Price, Richard, 4639: 4638: 4636: 4615: 4595: 4567: 4546: 4521: 4498: 4475: 4463: 4444: 4430: 4416: 4404: 4389: 4364: 4332: 4312: 4284: 4283: 4281: 4259:10.2307/45226184 4242: 4228: 4207: 4189:10.2307/45228299 4172: 4162: 4137: 4109: 4091:Bennett, John C. 4085: 4058: 4034: 4031: 4025: 4019: 4013: 4004: 3998: 3988: 3982: 3976: 3970: 3967: 3961: 3955: 3949: 3938: 3932: 3926: 3920: 3914: 3908: 3902: 3896: 3890: 3884: 3875: 3869: 3863: 3857: 3849: 3843: 3837: 3821: 3815: 3814: 3794: 3788: 3787: 3771: 3765: 3764: 3744: 3738: 3737: 3718: 3712: 3711: 3691: 3685: 3684: 3678: 3676: 3662: 3656: 3655: 3653: 3651: 3628: 3622: 3621: 3615: 3613: 3593: 3587: 3586: 3567: 3561: 3560: 3534: 3528: 3527: 3507: 3497: 3484: 3483: 3481: 3479: 3456: 3450: 3449: 3443: 3441: 3427: 3421: 3418: 3412: 3411: 3396: 3390: 3389: 3346: 3340: 3334: 3328: 3322: 3316: 3311: 3296: 3291: 3280: 3274: 3265: 3260: 3245: 3234: 3228: 3216: 3210: 3195: 3189: 3182: 3176: 3173:Van Wagoner 1986 3170: 3164: 3163:, pp. 76–77 3161:Van Wagoner 1986 3158: 3152: 3144: 3135: 3130: 3124: 3119: 3113: 3108: 3097: 3091: 3085: 3079: 3073: 3070:Van Wagoner 1986 3067: 3058: 3056:Van Wagoner 1986 3053: 3038: 3030: 3024: 3015: 3009: 3001: 2995: 2986: 2980: 2951: 2945: 2944: 2942: 2925: 2916: 2907: 2906: 2893: 2887: 2886: 2873: 2867: 2866: 2864: 2862: 2850: 2841: 2840: 2822: 2816: 2810: 2804: 2799:, p. 154); 2794: 2788: 2778: 2772: 2759:, p. 119); 2750: 2744: 2738: 2732: 2722: 2716: 2710: 2704: 2703: 2698: 2696: 2677: 2671: 2664:Heber C. Kimball 2660: 2654: 2653:, July 31, 1887. 2647:, Interview in 2641: 2635: 2634: 2629: 2627: 2618:. Archived from 2600:10.2307/44792791 2579: 2573: 2567: 2561: 2555: 2549: 2543: 2537: 2531: 2525: 2520: 2514: 2508: 2499: 2494: 2488: 2482: 2476: 2468: 2462: 2451: 2445: 2438: 2432: 2431: 2426:(June 7, 1844). 2420: 2409: 2403: 2397: 2396: 2389: 2383: 2375: 2369: 2368: 2358: 2331: 2325: 2301: 2295: 2289: 2283: 2276: 2270: 2259: 2253: 2243: 2237: 2230: 2224: 2217: 2211: 2200: 2194: 2183: 2177: 2168: 2162: 2151: 2145: 2134: 2128: 2121: 2115: 2104: 2098: 2085: 2079: 2066: 2060: 2053: 2047: 2037: 2031: 2017: 2008: 1997: 1991: 1984: 1978: 1976: 1966:Van Wagoner 1989 1962: 1956: 1941: 1935: 1924: 1918: 1913: 1904: 1898: 1892: 1886: 1880: 1879: 1855: 1846: 1841: 1835: 1829: 1823: 1818: 1812: 1807: 1798: 1789:, archived from 1779: 1766: 1765: 1756: 1754: 1749:on June 24, 2008 1745:. Archived from 1739: 1733: 1727: 1721: 1716: 1705: 1699: 1693: 1690:Van Wagoner 1989 1686: 1680: 1669: 1663: 1651: 1645: 1640: 1634: 1633: 1613: 1607: 1602:, vol. 5, no. 6 1595: 1586: 1581: 1575: 1573:Van Wagoner 1989 1570: 1564: 1559: 1553: 1548: 1535: 1530: 1521: 1516: 1477: 1472: 1471: 1470: 1384:Joseph Smith III 1345:Second Manifesto 1337:Wilford Woodruff 1246:Salt Lake Valley 1201: 1191: 1187:Nauvoo Expositor 1174:Nauvoo Expositor 1169:First Presidency 1143:Nauvoo Expositor 1136:Nauvoo Expositor 1099:First Presidency 1088: 1082:Wilford Woodruff 1051:Robert D. Foster 1025:Nauvoo, Illinois 1021:spiritual wifery 690:Lyman E. Johnson 649:Mormon scripture 535:Joseph Smith III 492: 485: 478: 462: 461: 460: 341: 338: 337: 328: 321: 314: 300: 299: 298: 253:Related articles 156:Short Creek raid 68:Spiritual wifery 43: 35: 21: 20: 7106: 7105: 7101: 7100: 7099: 7097: 7096: 7095: 7051: 7050: 7049: 7044: 7008: 6946: 6915: 6849: 6846: 6816: 6811: 6802:Red Brick Store 6770: 6720: 6665: 6634: 6587: 6547: 6513:Concept of Zion 6494: 6461: 6452: 6423:Charles D. Neff 6418:Israel A. Smith 6366: 6361: 6331: 6326: 6313: 6220: 6196:Mormon corridor 6174: 6141: 6098:Mormon foodways 6086:Mormon folklore 6044: 5925: 5831:Heavenly Mother 5764: 5675: 5607: 5592:Strangites only 5529:Book of Abraham 5500: 5405: 5374: 5369: 5339: 5324: 5296: 5268: 5240: 5173: 5171: 5163: 5151: 5147: 5145:Further reading 5142: 5075: 5051: 5050: 5044: 5042: 5013: 4999:Signature Books 4983: 4973:Alfred A. Knopf 4960: 4916: 4906:Signature Books 4888: 4880:, p. 141, 4853:Smith, Joseph F 4818: 4816: 4779: 4775:(Spring 1994), 4773:Smith, George D 4762: 4760: 4756: 4743: 4733:Signature Books 4699: 4678:Signature Books 4659: 4657: 4634: 4632: 4612: 4593: 4581:(2d ed.), 4565: 4544: 4534:Signature Books 4519: 4496: 4413: 4395:Hill, Marvin S. 4387: 4362: 4329: 4310: 4300:Signature Books 4279: 4277: 4240: 4236:(Summer 1996), 4226: 4170: 4159: 4135: 4125:Alfred A. 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Cannon 2661: 2657: 2642: 2638: 2625: 2623: 2580: 2576: 2568: 2564: 2556: 2552: 2544: 2540: 2532: 2528: 2521: 2517: 2509: 2502: 2495: 2491: 2483: 2479: 2469: 2465: 2452: 2448: 2439: 2435: 2421: 2412: 2404: 2400: 2391: 2390: 2386: 2381:132:62–63 2376: 2372: 2332: 2328: 2302: 2298: 2290: 2286: 2277: 2273: 2260: 2256: 2244: 2240: 2231: 2227: 2218: 2214: 2201: 2197: 2184: 2180: 2169: 2165: 2152: 2148: 2135: 2131: 2122: 2118: 2105: 2101: 2094:Millennial Star 2086: 2082: 2067: 2063: 2054: 2050: 2042:, pp. 65, 2038: 2034: 2018: 2011: 1998: 1994: 1985: 1981: 1974: 1963: 1959: 1942: 1938: 1925: 1921: 1914: 1907: 1899: 1895: 1887: 1883: 1856: 1849: 1842: 1838: 1830: 1826: 1819: 1815: 1808: 1801: 1780: 1769: 1752: 1750: 1741: 1740: 1736: 1728: 1724: 1717: 1708: 1700: 1696: 1687: 1683: 1673:Millennial Star 1670: 1666: 1652: 1648: 1641: 1637: 1614: 1610: 1596: 1589: 1582: 1578: 1571: 1567: 1560: 1556: 1549: 1538: 1531: 1524: 1517: 1500: 1496: 1473: 1468: 1466: 1463: 1447: 1426: 1405:Jason W. Briggs 1397: 1380: 1358:Joseph F. Smith 1353: 1332: 1326: 1318:Joseph F. Smith 1299: 1290:Parley P. Pratt 1254: 1199: 1189: 1151: 1145: 1139: 1086: 1041:spiritual wives 1017:John C. Bennett 1013: 997:John C. Bennett 958: 952: 935: 923: 879: 865: 836: 785:William Clayton 779: 777:1843 revelation 774: 733: 717:William Clayton 711:Levi W. Hancock 675: 669: 575: 563: 561:1830s: origins 511:plural marriage 496: 458: 456: 332: 296: 294: 289: 288: 255: 245: 244: 237:Brown v. Buhman 231:Cleveland v. US 219:Davis v. Beason 197: 189: 188: 171: 163: 162: 148:List of leaders 121: 111: 110: 81: 71: 70: 53: 52:Early Mormonism 45: 41: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7104: 7094: 7093: 7088: 7083: 7078: 7073: 7068: 7063: 7046: 7045: 7043: 7042: 7037: 7032: 7027: 7022: 7016: 7014: 7010: 7009: 7007: 7006: 7001: 6996: 6991: 6986: 6981: 6976: 6971: 6966: 6960: 6958: 6948: 6947: 6945: 6944: 6939: 6934: 6929: 6923: 6921: 6917: 6916: 6914: 6913: 6908: 6903: 6898: 6893: 6888: 6883: 6878: 6873: 6868: 6866:Group marriage 6863: 6857: 6855: 6851: 6850: 6845: 6844: 6837: 6830: 6822: 6813: 6812: 6810: 6809: 6804: 6799: 6794: 6789: 6784: 6778: 6776: 6775:Historic Sites 6772: 6771: 6769: 6768: 6763: 6758: 6753: 6746: 6741: 6736: 6730: 6728: 6722: 6721: 6719: 6718: 6713: 6708: 6703: 6698: 6693: 6688: 6687: 6686: 6675: 6673: 6667: 6666: 6664: 6663: 6658: 6653: 6648: 6642: 6640: 6636: 6635: 6633: 6632: 6618: 6613: 6608: 6601: 6595: 6593: 6589: 6588: 6586: 6585: 6580: 6578:Book of Mormon 6575: 6574: 6573: 6568: 6557: 6555: 6549: 6548: 6546: 6545: 6540: 6535: 6530: 6525: 6520: 6515: 6510: 6508:All are Called 6504: 6502: 6496: 6495: 6493: 6492: 6487: 6482: 6477: 6471: 6469: 6463: 6462: 6455: 6453: 6451: 6450: 6445: 6440: 6435: 6430: 6425: 6420: 6415: 6410: 6405: 6400: 6395: 6393:Alpheus Cutler 6390: 6385: 6380: 6374: 6372: 6368: 6367: 6360: 6359: 6352: 6345: 6337: 6328: 6327: 6325: 6324: 6318: 6315: 6314: 6312: 6311: 6306: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6281: 6280: 6279: 6274: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6232:Anti-Mormonism 6228: 6226: 6222: 6221: 6219: 6218: 6213: 6208: 6206:Salt Lake City 6203: 6198: 6193: 6191:Kirtland, Ohio 6188: 6182: 6180: 6176: 6175: 6173: 6172: 6171: 6170: 6165: 6155: 6153:Mormon studies 6149: 6147: 6143: 6142: 6140: 6139: 6134: 6133: 6132: 6122: 6121: 6120: 6115: 6113:Mormon fiction 6110: 6100: 6095: 6094: 6093: 6083: 6078: 6073: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6052: 6050: 6046: 6045: 6043: 6042: 6037: 6032: 6031: 6030: 6025: 6020: 6010: 6005: 6000: 5999: 5998: 5993: 5988: 5983: 5978: 5977: 5976: 5971: 5966: 5951: 5950: 5949: 5944: 5933: 5931: 5927: 5926: 5924: 5923: 5921:Word of Wisdom 5918: 5913: 5908: 5903: 5898: 5893: 5888: 5883: 5878: 5873: 5868: 5866:Premortal life 5863: 5858: 5853: 5848: 5843: 5838: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5818: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5798: 5793: 5788: 5783: 5778: 5772: 5770: 5766: 5765: 5763: 5762: 5757: 5756: 5755: 5750: 5745: 5740: 5730: 5725: 5720: 5715: 5710: 5709: 5708: 5698: 5697: 5696: 5685: 5683: 5677: 5676: 5674: 5673: 5671:Alpheus Cutler 5668: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5631:Oliver Cowdery 5628: 5627: 5626: 5615: 5613: 5609: 5608: 5606: 5605: 5595: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5570: 5565: 5560: 5555: 5554: 5553: 5548: 5541:Book of Mormon 5538: 5537: 5536: 5526: 5525: 5524: 5519: 5508: 5506: 5502: 5501: 5499: 5498: 5497: 5496: 5491: 5480: 5479: 5478: 5477: 5472: 5461: 5460: 5459: 5458: 5453: 5448: 5443: 5432: 5431: 5426: 5421: 5415: 5413: 5407: 5406: 5404: 5403: 5398: 5393: 5388: 5382: 5380: 5376: 5375: 5368: 5367: 5360: 5353: 5345: 5338: 5337: 5323:978-0199746378 5322: 5309: 5295:978-1934901021 5294: 5281: 5267:978-1934901144 5266: 5253: 5239:978-1934901137 5238: 5225: 5208: 5192:Richard Turley 5180: 5161: 5148: 5146: 5143: 5141: 5140: 5126: 5114: 5065: 5041:, Richmond, MO 5033:Whitmer, David 5029: 5003: 4987: 4981: 4964: 4958: 4936: 4914: 4892: 4886: 4867: 4849: 4825: 4769: 4747: 4741: 4722: 4703: 4697: 4682: 4666: 4641: 4616: 4610: 4597: 4591: 4569: 4563: 4548: 4542: 4523: 4517: 4500: 4494: 4477: 4465: 4446: 4432: 4417: 4411: 4391: 4386:978-0806159133 4385: 4366: 4360: 4341: 4333: 4327: 4314: 4308: 4286: 4230: 4224: 4209: 4183:(4): 119–135, 4163: 4157: 4139: 4133: 4111: 4105: 4087: 4081: 4059: 4043: 4041: 4038: 4036: 4035: 4026: 4014: 3999: 3983: 3971: 3962: 3950: 3933: 3921: 3909: 3897: 3885: 3870: 3858: 3844: 3816: 3789: 3766: 3739: 3713: 3686: 3657: 3643: 3623: 3608:(10): 158, 172 3588: 3562: 3551: 3529: 3518: 3485: 3471: 3451: 3422: 3413: 3391: 3360:Pessen, Edward 3341: 3329: 3317: 3297: 3281: 3277:Marquardt 1999 3266: 3263:Marquardt 2005 3246: 3229: 3211: 3190: 3177: 3165: 3153: 3136: 3125: 3114: 3098: 3086: 3074: 3059: 3039: 3025: 3010: 2996: 2991:, p. 113 2981: 2946: 2908: 2888: 2868: 2842: 2817: 2805: 2803:, p. 144) 2789: 2787:, p. 638) 2773: 2745: 2743:, p. 439) 2733: 2717: 2705: 2672: 2655: 2636: 2574: 2562: 2550: 2538: 2526: 2515: 2500: 2489: 2477: 2463: 2455:Saints' Herald 2446: 2433: 2410: 2406:Church History 2398: 2384: 2370: 2335:D&C 132:65 2326: 2296: 2284: 2271: 2261:Ridlon, G. T. 2254: 2238: 2225: 2212: 2195: 2178: 2163: 2146: 2129: 2116: 2099: 2080: 2068:Orson Pratt, " 2061: 2048: 2032: 2009: 1992: 1988:Whittaker 1985 1979: 1957: 1945:Arrington 1992 1936: 1919: 1905: 1893: 1881: 1847: 1844:Arrington 1992 1836: 1824: 1813: 1810:Whittaker 1985 1799: 1767: 1734: 1732:, pp. 195 1730:Arrington 1992 1722: 1719:Marquardt 1999 1706: 1704:, pp. 135 1694: 1681: 1664: 1646: 1635: 1617:Roberts, B. H. 1608: 1587: 1576: 1565: 1554: 1536: 1522: 1497: 1495: 1492: 1491: 1490: 1485: 1479: 1478: 1462: 1459: 1446: 1443: 1425: 1422: 1396: 1393: 1379: 1376: 1352: 1349: 1341:1890 Manifesto 1328:Main article: 1325: 1322: 1304:Jedediah Grant 1298: 1295: 1258:Utah Territory 1253: 1250: 1228:for declaring 1141:Main article: 1138: 1132: 1031:for polygamy—" 1012: 1009: 970:Mosiah Hancock 954:Main article: 951: 948: 934: 931: 922: 919: 911:LDS priesthood 887:Relief Society 875:Main article: 864: 861: 835: 832: 811:Smith's murder 778: 775: 773: 770: 766:Kirtland, Ohio 732: 729: 707:Mosiah Hancock 668: 665: 619:Book of Mormon 574: 571: 569:is uncertain. 562: 559: 553:, the head of 498: 497: 495: 494: 487: 480: 472: 469: 468: 467: 466: 453: 452: 447: 439: 438: 437: 436: 431: 426: 421: 416: 411: 406: 401: 396: 391: 383: 382: 381: 380: 375: 370: 365: 360: 352: 351: 345: 344: 334: 333: 331: 330: 323: 316: 308: 305: 304: 291: 290: 256: 251: 250: 247: 246: 201:Reynolds v. US 198: 195: 194: 191: 190: 172: 169: 168: 165: 164: 144:Kingston Group 122: 117: 116: 113: 112: 108:1904 Manifesto 100:1890 Manifesto 82: 77: 76: 73: 72: 54: 51: 50: 47: 46: 36: 28: 27: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7103: 7092: 7089: 7087: 7084: 7082: 7081:Brigham Young 7079: 7077: 7074: 7072: 7069: 7067: 7064: 7062: 7059: 7058: 7056: 7041: 7038: 7036: 7033: 7031: 7028: 7026: 7023: 7021: 7018: 7017: 7015: 7011: 7005: 7004:Polygamy czar 7002: 7000: 6997: 6995: 6992: 6990: 6987: 6985: 6982: 6980: 6977: 6975: 6972: 6970: 6969:Current state 6967: 6965: 6962: 6961: 6959: 6957: 6953: 6949: 6943: 6940: 6938: 6935: 6933: 6930: 6928: 6925: 6924: 6922: 6918: 6912: 6909: 6907: 6904: 6902: 6899: 6897: 6894: 6892: 6889: 6887: 6884: 6882: 6879: 6877: 6874: 6872: 6871:Open marriage 6869: 6867: 6864: 6862: 6859: 6858: 6856: 6852: 6843: 6838: 6836: 6831: 6829: 6824: 6823: 6820: 6808: 6805: 6803: 6800: 6798: 6795: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6785: 6783: 6780: 6779: 6777: 6773: 6767: 6764: 6762: 6761:Harvest Hills 6759: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6751: 6747: 6745: 6742: 6740: 6737: 6735: 6732: 6731: 6729: 6727: 6723: 6717: 6714: 6712: 6709: 6707: 6704: 6702: 6699: 6697: 6694: 6692: 6689: 6685: 6682: 6681: 6680: 6677: 6676: 6674: 6672: 6668: 6662: 6659: 6657: 6654: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6643: 6641: 6637: 6630: 6626: 6622: 6619: 6617: 6614: 6612: 6609: 6607: 6606: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6596: 6594: 6590: 6584: 6581: 6579: 6576: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6563: 6562: 6559: 6558: 6556: 6554: 6550: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6529: 6526: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6509: 6506: 6505: 6503: 6501: 6500:Major beliefs 6497: 6491: 6488: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6476: 6473: 6472: 6470: 6468: 6464: 6459: 6449: 6448:Sidney Rigdon 6446: 6444: 6441: 6439: 6436: 6434: 6431: 6429: 6426: 6424: 6421: 6419: 6416: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6406: 6404: 6401: 6399: 6398:William Smith 6396: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6388:David Whitmer 6386: 6384: 6381: 6379: 6376: 6375: 6373: 6369: 6365: 6358: 6353: 6351: 6346: 6344: 6339: 6338: 6335: 6323: 6320: 6319: 6316: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6304:Theodemocracy 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6269: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6262:Golden plates 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6229: 6227: 6223: 6217: 6214: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6183: 6181: 6177: 6169: 6166: 6164: 6161: 6160: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6150: 6148: 6144: 6138: 6135: 6131: 6128: 6127: 6126: 6123: 6119: 6116: 6114: 6111: 6109: 6108:Mormon poetry 6106: 6105: 6104: 6101: 6099: 6096: 6092: 6089: 6088: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6081:Mormon cinema 6079: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6053: 6051: 6047: 6041: 6038: 6036: 6033: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6015: 6014: 6011: 6009: 6006: 6004: 6001: 5997: 5994: 5992: 5989: 5987: 5984: 5982: 5979: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5967: 5965: 5962: 5961: 5960: 5957: 5956: 5955: 5952: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5942:current state 5940: 5939: 5938: 5935: 5934: 5932: 5930:Controversies 5928: 5922: 5919: 5917: 5914: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5872: 5869: 5867: 5864: 5862: 5859: 5857: 5854: 5852: 5849: 5847: 5844: 5842: 5839: 5837: 5834: 5832: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5777: 5774: 5773: 5771: 5767: 5761: 5758: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5735: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5716: 5714: 5711: 5707: 5704: 5703: 5702: 5699: 5695: 5692: 5691: 5690: 5687: 5686: 5684: 5682: 5678: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5641:Brigham Young 5639: 5637: 5636:Sidney Rigdon 5634: 5632: 5629: 5625: 5622: 5621: 5620: 5617: 5616: 5614: 5610: 5603: 5599: 5596: 5593: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5558:Book of Moses 5556: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5543: 5542: 5539: 5535: 5532: 5531: 5530: 5527: 5523: 5522:New Testament 5520: 5518: 5517:Old Testament 5515: 5514: 5513: 5510: 5509: 5507: 5503: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5486: 5485: 5482: 5481: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5467: 5466: 5463: 5462: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5439: 5438: 5437: 5434: 5433: 5430: 5427: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5417: 5416: 5414: 5412: 5408: 5402: 5399: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5389: 5387: 5384: 5383: 5381: 5377: 5373: 5366: 5361: 5359: 5354: 5352: 5347: 5346: 5343: 5333: 5329: 5325: 5319: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5301: 5297: 5291: 5287: 5282: 5277: 5273: 5269: 5263: 5259: 5254: 5249: 5245: 5241: 5235: 5231: 5226: 5223: 5219: 5218: 5213: 5209: 5205: 5201: 5197: 5194:and scholars 5193: 5190: 5186: 5181: 5169: 5168: 5167:Gospel Topics 5162: 5157: 5156: 5155:Gospel Topics 5150: 5149: 5136: 5132: 5127: 5122: 5121: 5115: 5111: 5107: 5103: 5099: 5095: 5091: 5087: 5083: 5082: 5074: 5070: 5066: 5061: 5055: 5040: 5039: 5034: 5030: 5025: 5021: 5020: 5012: 5008: 5004: 5000: 4996: 4992: 4988: 4984: 4978: 4974: 4970: 4965: 4961: 4959:99930-74-43-8 4955: 4951: 4947: 4946: 4941: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4925: 4921: 4917: 4915:1-56085-022-1 4911: 4907: 4903: 4902: 4897: 4893: 4889: 4883: 4879: 4875: 4874: 4868: 4864: 4860: 4859: 4854: 4850: 4846: 4845:E. B. Grandin 4842: 4838: 4834: 4830: 4829:Smith, Joseph 4826: 4815: 4811: 4807: 4803: 4799: 4795: 4791: 4787: 4786: 4778: 4774: 4770: 4755: 4754: 4748: 4744: 4738: 4734: 4730: 4729: 4723: 4718: 4714: 4713: 4708: 4704: 4700: 4698:9780598285225 4694: 4690: 4689: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4671: 4667: 4655: 4651: 4647: 4642: 4630: 4626: 4622: 4617: 4613: 4607: 4603: 4598: 4594: 4588: 4584: 4580: 4579: 4574: 4570: 4566: 4564:1-59781-470-9 4560: 4556: 4555: 4549: 4545: 4539: 4535: 4531: 4530: 4524: 4520: 4518:0-252-06515-8 4514: 4510: 4506: 4501: 4497: 4495:0-8309-0576-6 4491: 4487: 4483: 4478: 4473: 4472: 4466: 4461: 4457: 4456: 4451: 4450:Krakauer, Jon 4447: 4442: 4438: 4433: 4428: 4427: 4422: 4421:Howe, Eber D. 4418: 4414: 4408: 4403: 4402: 4396: 4392: 4388: 4382: 4378: 4374: 4373: 4367: 4363: 4357: 4353: 4349: 4348: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4334: 4330: 4324: 4320: 4315: 4311: 4309:1-56085-085-X 4305: 4301: 4297: 4296: 4291: 4290:Compton, Todd 4287: 4276: 4272: 4268: 4264: 4260: 4256: 4252: 4248: 4247: 4239: 4235: 4234:Compton, Todd 4231: 4227: 4225:9781572580688 4221: 4217: 4216: 4210: 4206: 4202: 4198: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4177: 4169: 4164: 4160: 4158:1-4000-4270-4 4154: 4150: 4149: 4144: 4140: 4136: 4134:0-679-73054-0 4130: 4126: 4122: 4121: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4102: 4098: 4097: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4078: 4074: 4070: 4069: 4064: 4060: 4057:, p. 450 4056: 4052: 4051: 4045: 4044: 4030: 4023: 4018: 4011: 4009: 4003: 3997:, p. 207 3996: 3992: 3987: 3981:, p. 199 3980: 3975: 3966: 3960:, p. 201 3959: 3954: 3947: 3944: 3943: 3937: 3931:, p. 277 3930: 3925: 3918: 3913: 3907:, p. 208 3906: 3901: 3894: 3889: 3882: 3881: 3874: 3868:, p. 490 3867: 3862: 3855: 3854: 3848: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3827: 3820: 3813: 3808: 3804: 3800: 3793: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3770: 3763: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3743: 3736: 3732: 3728: 3724: 3717: 3710: 3705: 3701: 3697: 3690: 3683: 3670: 3669: 3661: 3646: 3640: 3636: 3635: 3627: 3620: 3607: 3603: 3599: 3592: 3585: 3581: 3577: 3573: 3566: 3559: 3554: 3552:9781462104048 3548: 3544: 3540: 3533: 3526: 3521: 3519:9780805041613 3515: 3511: 3506: 3505: 3496: 3494: 3492: 3490: 3474: 3468: 3464: 3463: 3455: 3448: 3435: 3434: 3426: 3417: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3395: 3387: 3383: 3379: 3375: 3371: 3367: 3366: 3361: 3355: 3351: 3345: 3338: 3333: 3326: 3321: 3315: 3310: 3308: 3306: 3304: 3302: 3295: 3290: 3288: 3286: 3279:, p. 312 3278: 3273: 3271: 3264: 3259: 3257: 3255: 3253: 3251: 3243: 3240: 3239: 3233: 3226: 3225: 3220: 3215: 3208: 3207:0-941214-06-0 3204: 3200: 3194: 3187: 3181: 3174: 3169: 3162: 3157: 3150: 3149: 3143: 3141: 3134: 3129: 3123: 3118: 3112: 3107: 3105: 3103: 3095: 3090: 3084:, p. 111 3083: 3078: 3071: 3066: 3064: 3057: 3052: 3050: 3048: 3046: 3044: 3037: 3035: 3029: 3023: 3019: 3014: 3007: 3006: 3000: 2994: 2990: 2985: 2978: 2977: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2957: 2956: 2950: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2930: 2922: 2915: 2913: 2904: 2903: 2898: 2892: 2884: 2883: 2878: 2872: 2856: 2849: 2847: 2838: 2834: 2833: 2828: 2821: 2814: 2809: 2802: 2798: 2793: 2786: 2782: 2781:Bushman (2005 2777: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2761:Bushman (2005 2758: 2754: 2749: 2742: 2741:Bushman (2005 2737: 2730: 2726: 2721: 2714: 2713:Bushman (2005 2709: 2702: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2676: 2669: 2665: 2659: 2652: 2651: 2646: 2640: 2633: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2594:(2): 67–104. 2593: 2589: 2585: 2578: 2571: 2566: 2559: 2554: 2548:, p. 587 2547: 2542: 2536:, p. 457 2535: 2530: 2524: 2519: 2512: 2511:Krakauer 2003 2507: 2505: 2498: 2493: 2487:, p. 120 2486: 2485:Krakauer 2003 2481: 2474: 2473: 2467: 2460: 2457: 2456: 2450: 2443: 2437: 2429: 2425: 2419: 2417: 2415: 2407: 2402: 2394: 2388: 2382: 2379: 2374: 2366: 2362: 2357: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2343: 2336: 2330: 2323: 2319: 2318: 2313: 2310: 2306: 2300: 2293: 2288: 2281: 2275: 2268: 2264: 2258: 2251: 2247: 2242: 2235: 2229: 2222: 2216: 2209: 2206: 2205: 2199: 2192: 2189: 2188: 2182: 2175: 2172: 2167: 2160: 2157: 2156: 2150: 2143: 2140: 2139: 2133: 2127: 2120: 2113: 2112:Autobiography 2109: 2103: 2096: 2095: 2090: 2084: 2077: 2076: 2071: 2065: 2058: 2052: 2045: 2041: 2036: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2016: 2014: 2006: 2002: 1996: 1989: 1983: 1971: 1967: 1961: 1954: 1950: 1947:) Historians 1946: 1940: 1933: 1928: 1923: 1917: 1912: 1910: 1902: 1897: 1891:, p. 184 1890: 1885: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1854: 1852: 1845: 1840: 1833: 1832:Campbell 1996 1828: 1822: 1817: 1811: 1806: 1804: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1778: 1776: 1774: 1772: 1764: 1762: 1748: 1744: 1738: 1731: 1726: 1720: 1715: 1713: 1711: 1703: 1698: 1691: 1685: 1678: 1675: 1674: 1668: 1661: 1657: 1656: 1650: 1644: 1639: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1623: 1618: 1612: 1605: 1601: 1600: 1594: 1592: 1585: 1580: 1574: 1569: 1563: 1558: 1552: 1547: 1545: 1543: 1541: 1534: 1529: 1527: 1520: 1515: 1513: 1511: 1509: 1507: 1505: 1503: 1498: 1489: 1486: 1484: 1481: 1480: 1476: 1465: 1458: 1456: 1452: 1442: 1437: 1432: 1430: 1421: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1409:William Marks 1406: 1401: 1392: 1389: 1385: 1374: 1372: 1369:affidavit of 1365: 1363: 1359: 1348: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1331: 1321: 1319: 1314: 1309: 1305: 1294: 1291: 1285: 1280: 1276: 1271: 1269: 1268: 1263: 1259: 1249: 1247: 1243: 1242:Mormon Exodus 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1218: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1203: 1196: 1188: 1184: 1179: 1176: 1175: 1170: 1166: 1159: 1154: 1150: 1144: 1137: 1130: 1125: 1121: 1116: 1114: 1110: 1109: 1104: 1103:Sidney Rigdon 1100: 1095: 1090: 1083: 1078: 1072: 1067: 1065: 1059: 1054: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1008: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 989: 987: 983: 979: 975: 971: 967: 962: 957: 947: 945: 940: 930: 928: 918: 915: 912: 907: 905: 904:Mary Lightner 901: 896: 892: 891:Eliza R. Snow 888: 884: 878: 869: 860: 858: 854: 848: 844: 842: 831: 829: 828: 824:'s newspaper 823: 819: 816: 812: 806: 802: 797: 792: 790: 786: 781: 769: 767: 761: 759: 755: 750: 746: 742: 741:Jacob Cochran 738: 731:Jacob Cochran 728: 726: 725:Helen Kimball 722: 718: 714: 712: 708: 701: 697: 695: 691: 687: 683: 682:Brigham Young 680: 674: 664: 661: 658: 654: 650: 645: 642: 638: 632: 627: 624: 620: 614: 609: 606: 604: 600: 596: 595:Brigham Young 592: 584: 579: 570: 568: 558: 556: 552: 551:Brigham Young 548: 544: 540: 536: 532: 528: 524: 520: 516: 512: 508: 504: 493: 488: 486: 481: 479: 474: 473: 471: 470: 465: 455: 454: 451: 448: 446: 443: 442: 441: 440: 435: 432: 430: 427: 425: 422: 420: 417: 415: 412: 410: 407: 405: 402: 400: 397: 395: 392: 390: 387: 386: 385: 384: 379: 376: 374: 371: 369: 366: 364: 361: 359: 356: 355: 354: 353: 350: 347: 346: 340: 339: 329: 324: 322: 317: 315: 310: 309: 307: 306: 303: 293: 292: 287: 283: 279: 275: 274:Polygamy czar 271: 267: 263: 259: 254: 249: 248: 243: 239: 238: 233: 232: 227: 226: 221: 220: 215: 214: 213:Clawson v. US 209: 208: 203: 202: 193: 192: 187: 183: 179: 175: 167: 166: 161: 157: 153: 149: 145: 141: 137: 133: 129: 125: 120: 115: 114: 109: 105: 101: 97: 93: 89: 85: 84:Brigham Young 80: 75: 74: 69: 65: 61: 57: 49: 48: 39: 34: 30: 29: 26: 23: 22: 19: 7076:Joseph Smith 6963: 6901:Polygynandry 6891:Polyfidelity 6807:Stone Church 6792:Nauvoo House 6787:Liberty Hall 6756:Herald House 6748: 6639:Organization 6625:Independence 6603: 6553:Sacred texts 6475:First Vision 6378:Joseph Smith 6371:Major people 6309:Voree plates 6257:First Vision 6242:Bibliography 6237:Angel Moroni 6211:Sacred Grove 6125:Mormon music 6040:Universalism 5969:Civil rights 5959:Black people 5946: 5891:Spirit world 5821:Views on God 5791:Confirmation 5713:Bickertonite 5656:James Strang 5619:Joseph Smith 5505:Sacred texts 5313: 5285: 5257: 5229: 5216: 5172:, retrieved 5170:, LDS Church 5166: 5158:, LDS Church 5154: 5134: 5130: 5119: 5085: 5079: 5045:December 30, 5043:, retrieved 5037: 5023: 5017: 4994: 4971:. 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US 205: 199: 63: 56:Joseph Smith 37: 18: 6403:Lyman Wight 6061:Jack Mormon 6018:archaeology 6003:LGBT people 5876:Restoration 5738:FLDS Church 5174:October 22, 4819:February 6, 4792:(1): 1–72, 4763:November 8, 4280:February 6, 3582:: 345–346. 3337:La Rue 1919 3314:La Rue 1919 3148:Nauvoo Wasp 3094:Newell 1994 3082:Newell 1994 2832:BYU Studies 2785:Quinn (1994 2645:William Law 2534:Brodie 1971 2497:Brodie 1971 2461::1044–1045. 2424:William Law 2314:.. See the 2236:6, 187–189. 2040:Newell 1994 2028:Brodie 1971 2005:Andrus 1973 1932:Andrus 1973 1916:Tanner 1987 1901:Tanner 1987 1889:Brodie 1971 1702:Foster 1981 1584:Newell 1994 1519:Foster 1981 1308:Orson Pratt 1234:Thomas Ford 1230:martial law 1165:William Law 1005:Orson Pratt 993:Sarah Pratt 978:Fanny Alger 900:William Law 885:and future 883:Fanny Alger 853:Fanny Alger 822:Orson Pratt 818:section 132 745:Saco, Maine 686:Orson Pratt 653:Fawn Brodie 525:" records, 182:Edmunds Act 140:FLDS Church 7055:Categories 7025:Compersion 6671:Leadership 6616:Sacraments 6599:Auditorium 6528:Priesthood 6383:Emma Smith 6071:Mormon art 5991:Phrenology 5881:Revelation 5871:Priesthood 5811:Exaltation 5723:Hedrickite 4040:References 3991:Quinn 1994 3866:Smith 1919 3675:October 9, 3650:October 9, 3644:1555177883 3612:October 9, 3598:"The Seer" 3478:October 9, 3472:1555177883 3440:October 9, 3294:Clark 1968 3111:Smith 1971 2989:Smith 1971 2813:Park (2020 2797:Park (2020 2769:Park (2020 2757:Hill (1989 2729:Park (2020 2558:Smith 1994 2546:Quinn 1994 2440:Tandy, J. 2292:Smith 1995 2024:Smith 1994 1821:Smith 1830 1533:Quinn 1994 1313:Orson Hyde 1147:See also: 1029:code words 889:president 754:Orson Hyde 671:See also: 637:Ezra Booth 591:revelation 541:, and the 539:Emma Smith 527:affidavits 434:Chronology 424:Prophecies 178:Poland Act 44:1878–1885) 6999:Lost boys 6886:Polyandry 6881:Polyamory 6538:Salvation 6066:Lost boys 6056:Ex-Mormon 5796:Cosmology 5718:Strangite 5551:Criticism 5534:Criticism 5489:Rigdonite 5386:Mormonism 5332:466084007 5304:225910256 5276:874165313 5248:728666005 5204:RadioWest 5110:259901347 5088:(4): 35, 4898:(1995) , 4855:(1939) , 4814:254329894 4660:August 1, 4635:August 1, 4460:Doubleday 4275:254388739 4205:254391172 4055:Bookcraft 3877:See also 3786:(4): 446. 3706:: 81–82. 3339:, p. 216. 3244::410–441. 3209:) p. 212. 2839:(3): 285. 2616:164631543 2365:246629178 1870:: 29–31. 1795:Howe 1834 1783:Ohio Star 1362:president 1347:in 1905. 1320:in 1883. 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6225:Related 6186:Cumorah 6049:Culture 5996:Slavery 5911:Tithing 5906:Temples 5694:outline 5624:outline 5546:outline 5411:History 5026:(2): 79 3809:: 309. 3759:: 259. 3733:: 210. 3386:1918185 3221:(1994) 1244:to the 1222:treason 1101:member 1071:papers. 895:sealing 639:to the 623:2 Nephi 531:quorums 523:sealing 505:in the 445:Outline 6964:Origin 6861:Bigamy 6750:Herald 6179:Places 6023:origin 5947:origin 5781:Agency 5330: 5320: 5302: 5292: 5274: 5264: 5246: 5236: 5108: 5100: 4979: 4956: 4930: 4922: 4912: 4884: 4812: 4804: 4739: 4695: 4608: 4589: 4561: 4540: 4515: 4492: 4409: 4383: 4358: 4325: 4306: 4273: 4265: 4222: 4203: 4195: 4155: 4131: 4103: 4079: 3641: 3549: 3516: 3469: 3384: 3205: 3151:1 : 2. 2969:& 2614: 2606: 2363: 2144:: 181. 1874: 1679:: 144. 1660:p. 474 1604:p. 423 1411:, the 1195:former 805:men." 758:Samuel 688:, and 42: 7013:Terms 6726:Other 6561:Bible 6523:Peace 6284:Kolob 5512:Bible 5106:S2CID 5098:JSTOR 5076:(PDF) 5014:(PDF) 4810:S2CID 4802:JSTOR 4780:(PDF) 4757:(PDF) 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Origin of Latter Day Saint polygamy

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