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435:
66:
24:
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corporations such as Wal-Mart that are now offering organic choices to their customers. Other companies that offer organic options include
General Mills and Kraft. Some large companies have bought smaller already established organic companies such as Earth's Best, Rice Dream soy milk, Garden of Eatin', Celestial Seasonings and Health Valley. When larger companies buy smaller companies it is called
624:(NOP). The NOP regulations have the definition of "organic" and provide certification for agricultural ingredients if they have been produced under conditions that would meet the definition. Moreover, the regulations also include labeling standards based on the percentage of organic ingredients in every product.
872:
urine had a median level of pesticide byproducts only one-sixth of children on conventional food diets. However, at the same time French, British and
Swedish government food agencies have all concluded that there was no scientific proof that organic food is safer or has more nutrition than conventional foods.
821:
In the late 20th century, a movement to manage lawns organically began to grow out of the practices of the organic farming movement. Activists in a number of U.S. cities have pushed local governments to require organic landscaping. Many private properties around the world are managed organically, but
782:
and other products has grown rapidly, reaching $ 63 billion worldwide in 2012. This demand has driven a similar increase in organically managed farmland that grew from 2001 to 2011 at a compounding rate of 8.9% per year. As of 2022, approximately 96,000,000 hectares (240,000,000 acres) worldwide were
774:
for organic farming organizations established in 1972. Organic agriculture can be defined as "an integrated farming system that strives for sustainability, the enhancement of soil fertility and biological diversity while, with rare exceptions, prohibiting synthetic pesticides, antibiotics, synthetic
407:
In the 1980s, around the world, various farming and consumer groups began seriously pressuring for government regulation of organic production to ensure standards of production. This led to various legislation and certification standards being enacted through the 1990s and to date. Currently, most
884:
based on 50 years' worth of collected evidence concluded that "there is no good evidence that consumption of organic food is beneficial to health in relation to nutrient content." Although the source of the organic movement was small family farms, large corporations have started distributing more
871:
There have been multiple criticisms regarding organic food and organic marketing practices. Scientists at the
University of Washington did a test of the urine of children who are on organic food diets and children who are on conventional food diets. The result was children on organic food diets ‘
850:
became the largest city in the United States to restrict all synthetic pesticide applications across all public lands and private property. The pesticide ordinance passed by the City
Council that includes a fine of up to $ 500 for violations was lobbied for by environmental groups and community
880:, "Consumers may choose to buy organic fruit, vegetables and meat because they believe them to be more nutritious than other food. However, the balance of current scientific evidence does not support this view." A 12-month systematic review commissioned by the FSA in 2009 and conducted at the
875:
A 2014 study by a non-profit academic think tank funded by the
Council for Biotechnology Information alleged consumers are "routinely deceived" by intentional and endemic misleading health claims in organic marketing. Organic products typically cost 10% to 40% more than similar conventionally
585:
The recent interest in the organic industry has sparked the interest of many businesses from small local distributors to large companies that distribute many products nationally. The organic market is now a 13 billion dollar a year industry, that continues to grow especially from large
679:, mixed cropping, and the fostering of insect predators are encouraged. Organic standards are designed to allow the use of naturally-occurring substances while prohibiting or strictly limiting synthetic substances. For instance, naturally-occurring pesticides such as
281:). The term derives from his concept of "the farm as organism", which he expounded in his book, Look to the Land (1940), and in which he described a holistic, ecologically balanced approach to farming. Northbourne wrote of "chemical farming versus organic farming".
845:
announced that the campus and grounds were under organic management there implemented by landscape director Wayne
Carbone and with savings of two million gallons of irrigation water and resulting in cure of leaf spot and apple scab in the campus orchard. In 2018,
612:
The USDA (the U.S. Department of
Agriculture) requirements for the use of the term “organic” are separate from the laws and regulations that FDA applies for cosmetics. For more information on "organic" labeling for cosmetics, see the NOP publication,
318:, was influential in promoting organic techniques, and his 1947 book "The Soil and Health, A Study of Organic Agriculture" adopted Northbourne's terminology and was the first book to include "organic" agriculture or farming in its title.
2020:
671:. It originated early in the 20th century in reaction to rapidly changing farming practices. Certified organic agriculture accounts for 70 million hectares (170 million acres) globally, with over half of that total in
1337:
Reeve, J. R.; Hoagland, L. A.; Villalba, J. J.; Carr, P. M.; Atucha, A.; Cambardella, C.; Davis, D. R.; Delate, K. (1 January 2016). "Chapter Six – Organic
Farming, Soil Health, and Food Quality: Considering Possible Links".
1755:
1678:
Biological farming and 'bio' products are terms often used in
European countries as equivalent to organic farming. Ecological farming and 'eco' products are terms also used in European countries as equivalent to organic
411:
In the 2000s, the worldwide market for organic products (including food, beauty, health, bodycare, and household products, and fabrics) has grown rapidly. More countries are establishing formal, government-regulated
400:), was founded in Versailles, France. IFOAM was dedicated to the diffusion of information on the principles and practices of organic agriculture across national and linguistic boundaries. In the same year,
1646:
A form of production (also organic farming, ecological farming, ecological-biological farming, ecological agriculture, alternative agriculture) for the production of food and other agricultural products
203:(IFOAM). In recent years, environmental awareness has driven demand and conversion to organic farming. Some governments, including the European Union, have begun to support organic farming through
1565:
Regulation (EU) 2018/848 of the
European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2024 on organic production and labelling of organic products and repealing Council Regulation (EC) No 834/2007.
1763:
818:
is a form of horticulture that relies on organic land management techniques such as mowing high, proper watering, use of compost, soil amendments and organic pest control.
598:
Organic cosmetics are products that are made with organic ingredients that were produced without the use of synthetic pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, and fertilizers.
1745:, Proceedings of the Third Scientific Conference of ISOFAR (International Society of Organic Agriculture Research), 28 September – 1 October, Namyangju, Korea., 2:96-99
1618:
the term biological often refers to organic farming, whereas the term ecological refers to organic plus environmental considerations such as on-farm wildlife management
1187:
617:." Cosmetic products labeled with “organic” must follow both USDA regulations and FDA regulations of organic claims for labeling and safety requirements for cosmetics.
200:
381:
In the 1970s, worldwide movements concerned with environmental pollution caused by persistent agrichemical increased attention on organic farming. One goal of the
45:
1910:
826:. Local regulations are often responding to a lack of regulation from the federal government and billion-dollar settlements against pesticide manufacturers.
302:, based on the initial findings of the Haughley Experiment. It was widely read, and lead to the formation of a key international organic advocacy group, the
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During the 1950s, sustainable agriculture was a research topic of interest. The science tended to concentrate on the new chemical approaches. In the U.S.
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Various types and methods of organic agriculture have been developed in the Northern Hemisphere, such as the biological-organic and biodynamic method
1315:
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184:
137:
restricts against such things, including genetic engineering in products or in the products' animal feed, and automatically allows the use of "Non-
171:
The organic movement began in the early 1900s in response to the shift towards synthetic nitrogen fertilizers and pesticides in the early days of
81:
and other organic products. It started during the first half of the 20th century, when modern large-scale agricultural practices began to appear.
881:
3399:
1865:
416:. Monitoring and challenging certification rules and decisions have become a regular, high profile aspect of activists in the organic movement.
2698:
651:, also known as ecological farming or biological farming, is an agricultural system that uses fertilizers of organic origin such as compost
918:
797:, leading to increased pressure to convert more non-agricultural land to agricultural use in order to produce similar yields, it can cause
1605:
1467:
Clark, Georgia. "The New Horizon for Organics: A Market Outlook of the Effects of Wal-Mart on the International Organic Market". June 2007
3311:
1786:
258:
presented what has been called the first organic agriculture course to a group of over one hundred farmers and others at Koberwitz, now
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296:
on farmland in England. It was the first, side-by-side comparison of organic and conventional farming. Four years later, she published
32:
1994:
1961:
1174:
2508:
2068:
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Demand for organic foods is primarily driven by consumer concerns for personal health and the environment, such as the detrimental
2163:
457:. Standards vary worldwide, but organic farming features practices that cycle resources, promote ecological balance, and conserve
325:
began to popularize the term and methods of organic growing. In addition to agricultural research, Rodale's publications through
572:
Organic agriculture has higher production costs and lower yields, higher labor costs, and higher consumer prices as compared to
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1957:
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823:
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1203:
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954:
215:
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Tully, Katherine L.; McAskill, Cullen (1 September 2020). "Promoting soil health in organically managed systems: a review".
1715:
1023:
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was instrumental in the US government's 1972 banning of DDT. The book and its author are often credited with launching the
1563:
605:
does not have a definition of “Organic” in terms of organic cosmetics. FDA regulates cosmetics under the authority of the
278:
230:
as pioneers of the organic movement in Britain, and the term "organic farming" was coined by Lord Northbourne in 1940.
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3288:
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3048:
3023:
2229:
1825:
555:
2256:
1112:
Conford, Philip (1998). "A Forum for Organic Husbandry: The "New English Weekly" and Agricultural Policy, 1939–1949".
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802:
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Organic agricultural methods are internationally regulated and legally enforced by transnational organizations (as
1987:
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1998:
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2021:"Scientists urge EU to allow the use of novel breeding techniques and modern biotechnology in organic farming"
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3321:
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supplies. These environmental and health issues are intended to be minimized or avoided in organic farming.
233:
Today, organic foods stores have captured a significant share of the grocery shopping market, specifically,
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2501:
505:
130:
3341:
3273:
2649:
1135:
1114:
913:
724:
266:'s Spiritual Foundations for the Renewal of Agriculture, published in 1924, led to the popularization of
110:
1188:"Attending the First Organic Agriculture Course: Rudolf Steiner’s Agriculture Course at Koberwitz, 1924"
3524:
3043:
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in the farming methods used to produce such products. Organic foods are typically not processed using
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3018:
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2731:
2428:
1743:"Nanomaterials in food and agriculture: The big issue of small matter for organic food and farming"
1133:
Conford, Philip (2002). "The Myth of Neglect: Responses to the Early Organic Movement, 1930–1950".
1050:"New Allowances for Including a "Non-GMO" Statement on Certified Organic Meat and Poultry Products"
830:
790:
621:
501:
134:
89:
An organic product can broadly be described as not containing toxic chemicals (including synthetic
1818:
The New Organic Grower: A Master's Manual of Tools and Techniques for the Home and Market Gardener
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3238:
3081:
2891:
2863:
2586:
2576:
2494:
2301:
1842:"From France to the World: The International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM)"
1267:
908:
860:
815:
676:
484:, the United States, Canada, Mexico, Japan, and many other countries require producers to obtain
37:
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3213:
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631:(COSMOS) sets certification requirements for organic and natural cosmetics products in Europe.
375:
359:
267:
172:
1503:
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organic products and certain categories of organic foods, such as milk, have been reported by
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aspects of organic food production are government-regulated in the US and the European Union.
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broadly refers to the organizations and individuals involved worldwide in the promotion of
2129:
2096:"Inside the private world of Prince Charles: What's life really like for our future king?"
8:
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3156:
2901:
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may actually be organic, selling food with an organic label is regulated by governmental
367:
293:
227:
142:
122:
2035:
1857:
Danielle Treadwell, Jim Riddle, Mary Barbercheck, Deborah Cavanaugh-Grant, Ed Zaborski,
1378:
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founded Santa Cruz Organics, which marketed some of the first packaged organic products.
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3218:
2853:
2815:
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1974:
1964:(FiBL) and the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM, 2013).
1742:
1398:
838:
692:
668:
563:
558:. From the perspective of science and consumers, there is insufficient evidence in the
439:
270:, probably the first comprehensive organic farming system, that was based on Steiner's
234:
180:
126:
2268:
Winter, CK and SF Davis, 2006 "Organic Foods" Journal of Food Science 71(9):R117–R124.
793:
at local level; however, because organic farming can produce lower yields compared to
691:
are generally prohibited. Synthetic substances that are allowed include, for example,
370:. A bestseller in many countries, including the US, and widely read around the world,
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2043:
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1480:
The Emergent Agriculture: Farming, Sustainability and the Return of the Local Economy
1402:
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852:
842:
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334:
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114:
2366:– J. Paull, 2006, The Farm as Organism: The Foundational Idea of Organic Agriculture
2221:
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1935:
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1914:
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834:
700:
648:
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242:
1296:. Agricultural Marketing Service, US Department of Agriculture. 12 December 2018
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829:
The organic land care movement gained public recognition in 1996 when England's
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2659:
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2141:
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1394:
1268:"Toxic Chemicals: Banned In Organics But Common in "Natural" Food Production"
855:. In 2019, Rafael Tornini, head of the Garden and Environment Service of the
752:
712:
708:
664:
350:
341:
271:
211:
175:. A relatively small group of farmers came together in various associations:
461:. Organizations regulating organic products may restrict the use of certain
3394:
2792:
2551:
2465:
1700:
856:
786:
783:
farmed organically, representing approximately 2% of total world farmland.
779:
744:
656:
540:
458:
446:
427:
326:
322:
192:
149:
121:). In addition to the absence of artificial chemicals, "organic" means not
78:
1988:"The World of Organic Agriculture - Statistics & Emerging Trends 2024"
1417:
1075:"Criteria for use of the terms Fresh, Pure, Natural etc. in food labeling"
2977:
2972:
2937:
2800:
756:
684:
567:
544:
536:
497:
2164:"Portland's tough new ban on synthetic pesticides allows few exceptions"
997:"Can GMOs Be Used in Organic Products? | Agricultural Marketing Service"
727:
husbandry are prohibited. Organic farming advocates claim advantages in
396:
In 1972, the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (
277:
The first use of the term "organic farming" is by Lord Northbourne (aka
3136:
3121:
2947:
2927:
1958:
The World of Organic Agriculture: Statistics & Emerging Trends 2013
1756:"USDA List of Allowed and Prohibited Substances in Organic Agriculture"
1693:"Organic Agriculture in Australia: Attaining the Global Majority (51%)"
524:
520:
516:
466:
386:
259:
1975:"The Uptake of Organic Agriculture: A Decade of Worldwide Development"
3405:
3351:
2805:
2344:
A Brief Overview of the History and Philosophy of Organic Agriculture
1811:
1809:
1760:
USDA List of Allowed and Prohibited Substances in Organic Agriculture
1448:. Harvard Health Publishing, Harvard Medical School. 9 September 2015
837:
gardens and landscaping were under organic management. In 2009, then
688:
680:
672:
660:
532:
462:
102:
98:
90:
1950:
1880:
H. Martin, '’Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs
1820:(2nd ed.), Chelsea Green Publishing Company, pp. 65, 108,
1692:
1556:
1175:
Lord Northbourne, the man who invented organic farming, a biography.
766:) and many nations, based in large part on the standards set by the
207:
reform. Organic production and marketing have grown at a fast pace.
3198:
2194:
Aleteia – Catholic Spirituality, Lifestyle, World News, and Culture
1542:"Understanding COSMOS – the COSMetics organic and natural standard"
1248:
The Business of Food: Encyclopedia of the Food and Drink Industries
946:
The Business of Food: Encyclopedia of the Food and Drink Industries
889:
to be highly concentrated and predominantly sourced to mega-farms.
775:
fertilizers, genetically modified organisms, and growth hormones".
740:
732:
434:
358:
and other pesticides on the environment drawing on the research of
2371:
1806:
65:
3171:
2486:
2365:
2245:
Organics Exposed (Academics Review Organic Marketing Report 2014)
1977:, Journal of Social and Development Sciences, 2 (3), pp. 111-120.
720:
282:
118:
94:
609:(FD&C Act) and the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act (FPLA).
23:
2835:
748:
696:
652:
450:
2329:, by Michael Pollan, The New York Times Magazine, 13 May 2001.
1841:
1318:. European Commission: Agriculture and Rural Development. 2014
199:, and others. In 1972, these organizations joined to form the
2355:
Miller. (2004). The Organic Myth. Ebscohost, Vol 56(2). 7–10.
1787:"Only 60 Years of Farming Left If Soil Degradation Continues"
1697:
Journal of Environment Protection and Sustainable Development
397:
1330:
566:
to support claims that organic food is either substantially
1720:
1533:
1204:"The Rachel Carson Letters and the Making of Silent Spring"
2377:
1358:
1308:
620:
The Agricultural Marketing Service of USDA supervises the
1336:
1244:
942:
863:
had been transitioning to organic management since 2017.
768:
International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements
615:
Cosmetics, Body Care Products, and Personal Care Products
602:
355:
201:
International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements
2036:"Are Bugs the Pests, or Humans? Organic Lawns Take Hold"
970:
3376:
UN Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm 1972)
1440:
1438:
2257:
Academics Review: The Making of a Monsanto Front Group
2259:, by Stacy Malkan, U.S. Right to Know, May 31, 2018.
1435:
1286:
1024:"Organic 101: Can GMOs Be Used in Organic Products?"
809:
453:
produced by methods complying with the standards of
449:, ecological food, or biological food are foods and
1190:, European Journal of Social Sciences, 21(1):64–70.
288:In 1939, strongly influenced by Sir Howard's work,
1096:"The Lost History of Organic Farming in Australia"
148:In the United Kingdom, the term used with food is
2247:, by Steve Kopperud, Brownfield News, 2 May 2014.
2069:"Pesticide industry influence at the local level"
3511:
2295:
1716:"Organic 101: Allowed and Prohibited Substances"
1235:
882:London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
185:Australian Organic Farming and Gardening Society
2214:Jan, Grover; Singer, Peter; Mason, Jim (2008).
1132:
1111:
971:"Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (eCFR)"
183:and began the first certification program, the
3400:Rio Declaration on Environment and Development
2213:
1177:Journal of Organic Systems, 2014, 9(1), 31–53.
2502:
2393:
1364:
975:Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (eCFR)
389:, which was promoted through slogans such as
2372:– J. Paull, 2007, China's Organic Revolution
1956:Helga Willer, Julia Lernoud and Robert Home
1477:
919:List of organic gardening and farming topics
570:or healthier to eat than conventional food.
2023:. Wageningen Plant Research. 23 April 2021.
1659:"Clean & Organic Agricultural Products"
1478:Kleppel, Gary; Ikerd, John (22 July 2014).
3471:
2509:
2495:
2400:
2386:
2352:. Academic Search Complete, 35(6), 24–25 h
2278:The Food Standards Agency’s Current Stance
1245:Allen, Gary J.; Albala, Ken, eds. (2007).
1198:
1196:
943:Allen, Gary J.; Albala, Ken, eds. (2007).
814:Organic land care, organic landscaping or
663:and places emphasis on techniques such as
133:and the removal of vitamins. For example,
3411:Convention on Biological Diversity (1992)
1995:Research Institute of Organic Agriculture
1962:Research Institute of Organic Agriculture
1155:Organic Farming: An International History
876:produced products. According to the UK's
3439:UN Conference on Sustainable Development
2187:
2161:
1265:
1088:
433:
64:
48:of all important aspects of the article.
2190:"The Vatican Gardens are going "green""
1846:Journal of Social Research & Policy
1815:
1606:"Biological Farming/Ecological Farming"
1193:
3512:
3009:Corporate environmental responsibility
2220:. Detroit: Greenhaven Press. pp.
1713:
1047:
1021:
44:Please consider expanding the lead to
2490:
2381:
2127:
2093:
1784:
1690:
1266:Vallaeys, Charlotte (November 2010).
1167:
785:Organic farming can be beneficial on
629:COSMetic Organic and Natural Standard
272:spiritual and philosophical teachings
3382:Brundtlandt Commission Report (1983)
2033:
1762:. USDA. 4 April 2016. Archived from
1608:. USDA National Agricultural Library
607:Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
593:
580:
473:, industrial solvents, or synthetic
17:
1508:U.S. Food & Drug Administration
1422:Organic Farming Research Foundation
824:locations require organic land care
556:environmental impacts of pesticides
515:From an environmental perspective,
279:Walter James, 4th Baron Northbourne
13:
3024:Environmental full-cost accounting
2516:
2298:"Organic food 'no healthier' blow"
2162:Billings, Randy (4 January 2018).
1415:
1048:McEvoy, Miles (21 February 2017).
1022:McEvoy, Miles (21 February 2017).
634:
391:"Know Your Farmer, Know Your Food"
14:
3541:
2958:Run-of-the-river hydroelectricity
2359:
2296:Sophie Goodchild (29 July 2009).
2188:Caldwell, Zelda (2 August 2019).
2130:"The Grass Is Greener at Harvard"
2128:Raver, Anne (23 September 2009).
2094:Aslet, Clive (12 November 2018).
1714:McEvoy, Miles (27 October 2020).
1067:
810:Organic land care and landscaping
3470:
3459:
3458:
3428:UN Millennium Declaration (2000)
1925:
1539:
1206:, SAGE Open, 3 (July), pp. 1–12.
640:This section is an excerpt from
426:This section is an excerpt from
22:
3014:Corporate social responsibility
2943:Ocean thermal energy conversion
2882:Community-supported agriculture
2567:Human impact on the environment
2320:
2289:
2271:
2262:
2250:
2238:
2207:
2181:
2155:
2121:
2087:
2061:
2027:
2013:
1980:
1967:
1919:
1896:
1883:Introduction to Organic Farming
1874:
1851:
1834:
1778:
1748:
1735:
1707:
1684:
1651:
1623:
1598:
1570:
1522:
1496:
1471:
1460:
1409:
1209:
1180:
1147:
683:are permitted, while synthetic
420:
36:may be too short to adequately
3254:Socially responsible marketing
2034:Land, Leslie (12 April 2007).
1999:IFOAM - Organics International
1126:
1105:
1041:
1015:
989:
963:
936:
705:Genetically modified organisms
385:was to promote consumption of
283:http://www.orgprints.org/10138
46:provide an accessible overview
1:
3445:Sustainable Development Goals
3249:Socially responsible business
2336:
1932:National Agricultural Library
1928:"What is organic production?"
866:
354:, chronicling the effects of
179:of Germany, which encouraged
84:
1859:Cooperative Extension System
1578:"History of Organic Farming"
1352:10.1016/bs.agron.2015.12.003
1153:Lockeretz, William. (2018).
506:US Department of Agriculture
344:, a prominent scientist and
7:
3274:Sustainability organization
3059:Standards and certification
2650:Social return on investment
2407:
1346:. Academic Press: 319–367.
1136:Agricultural History Review
1115:Agricultural History Review
914:List of organic food topics
892:
778:Since 1990, the market for
725:antibiotic use in livestock
248:
191:of the United Kingdom, and
10:
3546:
2699:Systemic change resistance
1482:. New Society Publishers.
1387:10.1007/s13165-019-00275-1
1294:"National Organic Program"
1100:Journal of Organic Systems
770:(IFOAM), an international
639:
492:. Although the produce of
425:
162:History of organic farming
159:
155:
3454:
3365:
3302:
3074:
3001:
2910:
2877:Climate-smart agriculture
2862:
2834:
2791:
2745:
2712:
2585:
2542:
2524:
2458:
2442:
2416:
2350:The Trouble with Organics
1562:Labelling, article 30 of
1251:. ABC-CLIO. p. 288.
949:. ABC-CLIO. p. 288.
500:authorities, such as the
480:In the 21st century, the
315:An Agricultural Testament
166:
3019:Environmental accounting
2768:Sustainable architecture
2758:Environmental technology
1908:What is organic farming?
1904:Purdue Extension Service
1863:What is organic farming?
1446:"Should you go organic?"
1217:"The History of Organic"
929:
859:, announced the 37 acre
803:negative climate effects
791:environmental protection
622:National Organic Program
502:National Organic Program
488:to market their food as
2892:Sustainable agriculture
2302:London Evening Standard
1816:Coleman, Eliot (1995),
1316:"Organic certification"
909:Organic lawn management
861:Gardens of Vatican City
816:organic lawn management
717:plant growth regulators
677:Biological pest control
366:, Mary T. Richards and
141:" labelling similar to
3435:(Rio+10, Johannesburg)
3304:Sustainable management
3289:Urban drainage systems
3029:Environmental planning
2993:Water recycling shower
2983:Tidal stream generator
2778:Sustainable industries
2737:Sustainable population
2722:Demographic transition
2704:Tragedy of the commons
1934:. USDA. Archived from
531:may negatively affect
443:
376:environmental movement
360:biodynamic agriculture
337:to the general public.
268:biodynamic agriculture
254:In the summer of 1924
173:industrial agriculture
125:, and having not used
123:genetically engineered
70:
3327:Humanistic capitalism
3142:Environmental finance
2783:Sustainable packaging
2348:Blythman, J. (2005).
2283:31 March 2010 at the
2168:Portland Press Herald
1504:""Organic" Cosmetics"
1082:Food Standards Agency
899:Organic certification
878:Food Standards Agency
772:umbrella organization
486:special certification
438:Organic produce at a
437:
414:Organic certification
262:, Poland. In Germany
177:Demeter International
68:
3294:Urban infrastructure
2988:Water heat recycling
2811:Conservation biology
2655:Steady-state economy
2630:Micro-sustainability
2615:Ecological footprint
2572:Planetary boundaries
2342:Kuepper, G. (2010).
1913:10 June 2016 at the
1848:, 2010, 1(2):93-102.
1691:Paull, John (2019).
1340:Advances in Agronomy
1276:Cornucopia Institute
904:Organic horticulture
799:loss of biodiversity
574:conventional farming
529:conventional farming
331:Emmaus, Pennsylvania
210:Historians consider
205:agricultural subsidy
197:Emmaus, Pennsylvania
127:ionizing irradiation
3395:Earth Summit (1992)
3049:Metrics and indices
2902:Sustainable fishery
2821:Holocene extinction
2640:Product stewardship
2610:Earth Overshoot Day
2450:The Non-GMO Project
1973:Paull, John (2011)
1792:Scientific American
1766:on 28 December 2015
1741:Paull, John (2011)
1379:2020OrgAg..10..339T
1367:Organic Agriculture
1202:Paull, John (2013)
1186:Paull, John (2011)
1157:. CABI. pp. 24–25.
924:Holistic management
833:announced that the
510:European Commission
368:Ehrenfried Pfeiffer
294:Haughley Experiment
228:Frank Newman Turner
143:The Non-GMO Project
2854:Sustainable energy
2816:Endangered species
2773:Sustainable design
2687:Consumer behaviour
2476:Ecological farming
2134:The New York Times
2075:. 16 November 2021
2040:The New York Times
1868:3 May 2016 at the
1785:Arsenault, Chris.
1510:. 25 February 2022
1102:, 2008, 3(2):2–17.
1084:. 1 December 2002.
839:Harvard University
669:companion planting
564:medical literature
444:
387:locally grown food
333:helped to promote
235:Whole Foods Market
216:Viscount Lymington
181:biodynamic farming
129:, which can cause
115:synthetic hormones
71:
3525:Organic gardening
3507:
3506:
3433:Earth Summit 2002
3416:Lisbon Principles
3388:Our Common Future
3066:Sustainable yield
2872:Civic agriculture
2625:Green consumption
2562:Global governance
2484:
2483:
1635:Lexicon Wein‑Plus
1631:"Organic farming"
1582:biocyclopedia.com
1258:978-0-313-33725-3
1163:978-0-85199-833-6
977:. 5 November 2020
956:978-0-313-33725-3
853:Avery Yale Kamila
843:Drew Gilpin Faust
795:intensive farming
594:Organic cosmetics
588:stealth ownership
581:Organic companies
523:, and the use of
335:organic gardening
310:Sir Albert Howard
220:Robert McCarrison
117:, and industrial
63:
62:
3537:
3474:
3473:
3462:
3461:
3406:Agenda 21 (1992)
3377:
3342:Natural resource
3229:Organic movement
3204:Impact investing
2923:Hydroelectricity
2897:Sustainable diet
2849:Renewable energy
2844:Carbon footprint
2826:Invasive species
2763:Natural building
2714:World population
2675:Marketing myopia
2635:Over-consumption
2605:Circular economy
2600:Anti-consumerism
2557:Environmentalism
2511:
2504:
2497:
2488:
2487:
2471:Organic movement
2402:
2395:
2388:
2379:
2378:
2330:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2308:on 1 August 2009
2304:. Archived from
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2008:
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1965:
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1938:on 7 August 2007
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1001:www.ams.usda.gov
993:
987:
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737:self-sufficiency
701:veterinary drugs
402:John Battendieri
383:organic movement
304:Soil Association
290:Lady Eve Balfour
189:Soil Association
101:, fertilization
75:organic movement
69:Organic tomatoes
58:
55:
49:
26:
18:
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3366:Agreements and
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3102:Climate finance
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2953:Reclaimed water
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2741:
2727:Family planning
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2285:Wayback Machine
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1416:Lowell, Vicki.
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848:Portland, Maine
835:Highgrove House
812:
807:
806:
649:Organic farming
645:
642:Organic farming
637:
635:Organic farming
596:
583:
578:
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494:kitchen gardens
455:organic farming
440:farmers' market
431:
423:
299:The Living Soil
251:
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53:
50:
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31:This article's
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3441:(Rio+20, 2012)
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3187:Infrastructure
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3117:Eco-capitalism
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3034:Sustainability
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3002:Accountability
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2660:Sustainability
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
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2607:
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2597:
2595:Anthropization
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2518:Sustainability
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2434:Heirloom plant
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2360:External links
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1668:. October 2000
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1540:Alex, Cosper.
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1418:"Organic FAQs"
1408:
1373:(3): 339–358.
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729:sustainability
693:copper sulfate
646:
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549:drinking water
521:overproduction
508:(USDA) or the
482:European Union
475:food additives
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364:Marjorie Spock
338:
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312:'s 1940 book,
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264:Rudolf Steiner
256:Rudolf Steiner
250:
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224:Edgar J. Saxon
168:
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160:Main article:
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107:food additives
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40:the key points
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2933:Marine energy
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2887:Cultured meat
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2100:The Telegraph
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2016:
2000:
1996:
1989:
1983:
1976:
1970:
1963:
1959:
1953:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1922:
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1912:
1909:
1905:
1902:Dale Rhoads,
1899:
1893:
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1489:9780865717732
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753:food security
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713:sewage sludge
710:
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665:crop rotation
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372:Silent Spring
369:
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361:
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351:Silent Spring
347:
343:
342:Rachel Carson
339:
336:
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324:
320:
317:
316:
311:
308:
305:
301:
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292:launched the
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213:
212:Albert Howard
208:
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131:free-radicals
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100:
96:
92:
82:
80:
76:
67:
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39:
34:
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25:
20:
19:
16:
3520:Organic food
3496:
3489:
3482:
3475:
3463:
3387:
3228:
3152:Construction
3075:Applications
2793:Biodiversity
2552:Anthropocene
2470:
2466:Natural food
2429:USDA Organic
2322:
2310:. Retrieved
2306:the original
2291:
2273:
2264:
2252:
2240:
2216:
2209:
2197:. Retrieved
2193:
2183:
2171:. Retrieved
2167:
2157:
2145:. Retrieved
2133:
2123:
2111:. Retrieved
2099:
2089:
2077:. Retrieved
2072:
2063:
2053:17 September
2051:. Retrieved
2039:
2029:
2015:
2003:. Retrieved
2001:. p. 12
1982:
1969:
1952:
1940:. Retrieved
1936:the original
1931:
1926:Gold, Mary.
1921:
1903:
1898:
1881:
1876:
1858:
1853:
1845:
1840:Paull, John
1836:
1817:
1796:. Retrieved
1790:
1780:
1768:. Retrieved
1764:the original
1759:
1750:
1737:
1727:30 September
1725:. Retrieved
1719:
1709:
1701:Academia.edu
1699:– via
1696:
1686:
1677:
1670:. Retrieved
1665:
1653:
1645:
1638:. Retrieved
1634:
1625:
1617:
1610:. Retrieved
1600:
1592:
1585:. Retrieved
1581:
1572:
1564:
1558:
1546:. Retrieved
1535:
1524:
1512:. Retrieved
1507:
1498:
1479:
1473:
1462:
1450:. Retrieved
1427:22 September
1425:. Retrieved
1421:
1411:
1370:
1366:
1360:
1343:
1339:
1332:
1320:. Retrieved
1310:
1298:. Retrieved
1288:
1274:
1247:
1237:
1227:22 September
1225:. Retrieved
1220:
1211:
1182:
1173:Paull, John
1169:
1154:
1149:
1143:(1): 80–106.
1140:
1134:
1128:
1119:
1113:
1107:
1099:
1094:Paull, John
1090:
1069:
1057:. Retrieved
1054:www.usda.gov
1053:
1043:
1031:. Retrieved
1028:www.usda.gov
1027:
1017:
1005:. Retrieved
1003:. 1 May 2013
1000:
991:
979:. Retrieved
974:
965:
945:
938:
874:
870:
828:
820:
813:
787:biodiversity
780:organic food
777:
761:
745:independence
695:, elemental
657:green manure
647:
626:
619:
611:
600:
597:
584:
553:
541:biodiversity
514:
489:
479:
459:biodiversity
447:Organic food
445:
442:in Argentina
428:Organic food
421:Organic food
390:
382:
371:
349:
348:, published
327:Rodale, Inc.
323:J. I. Rodale
313:
297:
245:and others.
243:Trader Joe's
232:
209:
193:Rodale, Inc.
170:
150:natural food
147:
135:USDA organic
97:-containing
88:
79:organic food
74:
72:
51:
35:
33:lead section
15:
3368:conferences
3239:Procurement
3182:Development
3082:Advertising
3044:Measurement
2978:Tidal power
2973:Small hydro
2938:Micro hydro
2801:Biosecurity
2753:Appropriate
2682:Sustainable
2665:Advertising
2587:Consumption
2577:Development
2005:25 February
1544:. Desjardin
1322:10 December
1300:25 February
757:food safety
685:fertilizers
545:groundwater
537:soil health
517:fertilizing
498:food safety
471:irradiation
467:fertilizers
111:antibiotics
105:, chemical
3514:Categories
3259:Sanitation
3214:Livelihood
3137:Ecovillage
3122:Eco-cities
3039:Accounting
2948:Pico hydro
2928:Hydropower
2746:Technology
2544:Principles
2337:References
1548:30 January
1452:7 December
1059:7 November
1033:7 November
1007:7 November
981:8 November
867:Criticisms
851:organizer
841:President
689:pesticides
560:scientific
533:ecosystems
525:pesticides
463:pesticides
362:advocates
346:naturalist
260:Kobierzyce
99:herbicides
91:pesticides
85:Definition
3352:Recycling
3347:Planetary
3337:Materials
3332:Landscape
3317:Fisheries
3284:Transport
3209:Landscape
3192:Marketing
3167:Gardening
3107:Community
3054:Reporting
2918:Footprint
2806:Biosphere
2459:Movements
2327:Naturally
2142:0362-4331
2108:0307-1235
2048:0362-4331
1891:1198-712X
1403:209429041
1395:1879-4246
1221:Greenlife
681:pyrethrin
673:Australia
661:bone meal
340:In 1962,
239:Wild Oats
103:biosolids
38:summarize
3465:Category
3264:Sourcing
3199:Greening
3092:Business
2968:Security
2963:Scarcity
2281:Archived
1911:Archived
1866:Archived
1679:farming.
1672:21 March
1640:21 March
1612:21 March
1587:21 March
1514:24 March
893:See also
741:autonomy
733:openness
721:hormones
711:, human
576:methods.
249:Timeline
119:solvents
54:May 2022
3498:Degrees
3491:Studies
3484:Science
3279:Tourism
3172:Geopark
3162:Finance
3157:Fashion
2732:Control
2620:Ethical
2529:Outline
2424:Non-GMO
2312:29 July
2222:170–171
2199:6 March
2173:6 March
2147:3 March
2113:6 March
1942:1 March
1770:6 April
1529:Gpo.gov
1375:Bibcode
857:Vatican
504:of the
490:organic
156:History
95:arsenic
3447:(2015)
3424:(2000)
3418:(1997)
3402:(1992)
3390:(1987)
3322:Forest
3224:Market
3219:Living
2836:Energy
2692:Market
2417:Labels
2228:
2140:
2106:
2079:3 June
2046:
1889:
1824:
1798:29 May
1486:
1401:
1393:
1255:
1161:
953:
755:, and
749:health
723:, and
699:, and
697:sulfur
659:, and
653:manure
547:, and
512:(EC).
451:drinks
187:, the
167:Origin
3477:Lists
3357:Waste
3269:Space
3177:Green
2911:Water
2670:Brand
2534:Index
1991:(PDF)
1666:RIRDC
1662:(PDF)
1399:S2CID
1271:(PDF)
1078:(PDF)
930:Notes
822:some
568:safer
398:IFOAM
3097:City
2864:Food
2408:Non-
2314:2009
2226:ISBN
2217:FOOD
2201:2020
2175:2020
2149:2020
2138:ISSN
2115:2020
2104:ISSN
2081:2022
2055:2021
2044:ISSN
2007:2024
1997:and
1944:2014
1887:ISSN
1822:ISBN
1800:2016
1772:2016
1729:2023
1721:USDA
1674:2023
1642:2023
1614:2023
1589:2023
1550:2018
1516:2024
1484:ISBN
1454:2022
1429:2020
1391:ISSN
1324:2014
1302:2019
1253:ISBN
1229:2023
1159:ISBN
1061:2020
1035:2020
1009:2020
983:2020
951:ISBN
801:and
789:and
743:and
687:and
667:and
627:The
601:The
562:and
465:and
226:and
73:The
3087:Art
2410:GMO
2073:EHN
1383:doi
1348:doi
1344:137
603:FDA
527:in
356:DDT
329:in
195:in
139:GMO
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