Organic food - Knowledge

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predominantly organic versus conventionally produced food controlling for socioeconomic factors; such studies would be expensive to conduct." A 2009 meta-analysis noted that "most of the included articles did not study direct human health outcomes. In ten of the included studies (83%), a primary outcome was the change in antioxidant activity. Antioxidant status and activity are useful biomarkers but do not directly equate to a health outcome. Of the remaining two articles, one recorded proxy-reported measures of atopic manifestations as its primary health outcome, whereas the other article examined the fatty acid composition of breast milk and implied possible health benefits for infants from the consumption of different amounts of conjugated linoleic acids from breast milk." In addition, as discussed above, difficulties in accurately and meaningfully measuring chemical differences between organic and conventional food make it difficult to extrapolate health recommendations based solely on chemical analysis.

627:. These concerns are driven by the facts that "(1) acute, massive exposure to pesticides can cause significant adverse health effects; (2) food products have occasionally been contaminated with pesticides, which can result in acute toxicity; and (3) most, if not all, commercially purchased food contains trace amounts of agricultural pesticides." However, as is frequently noted in the scientific literature: "What does not follow from this, however, is that chronic exposure to the trace amounts of pesticides found in food results in demonstrable toxicity. This possibility is practically impossible to study and quantify;" therefore firm conclusions about the relative safety of organic foods have been hampered by the difficulty in proper 872:

treatments (fertilizer, pesticide, etc.); soil composition; the cultivar used, and in the case of meat and dairy products, the parallel variables in animal production. Treatment of the foodstuffs after initial gathering (whether milk is pasteurized or raw), the length of time between harvest and analysis, as well as conditions of transport and storage, also affect the chemical composition of a given item of food. Additionally, there is evidence that organic produce is drier than conventionally grown produce; a higher content in any chemical category may be explained by higher concentration rather than in absolute amounts.

251:, especially those involved in the chemistry of life. This class of molecules includes everything likely to be considered edible, as well as most pesticides and toxins too, therefore the term "organic" and, especially, the term "inorganic" (sometimes wrongly used as a contrast by the popular press) as they apply to organic chemistry is an equivocation fallacy when applied to farming, the production of food, and to foodstuffs themselves. Properly used in this agricultural science context, "organic" refers to the methods grown and processed, not necessarily the chemical composition of the food. 848: 1408:(e.g. EU Organic Regulations, NOP, etc. The Order on the Approval of the State Logo for Organic Products was approved by the Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food of Ukraine in 2019. The state logo for organic products is registered as a trademark and owned by the Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food of Ukraine. The requirements for proper use of the Ukrainian state logo for organic products and labelling are described on the website of the Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food of Ukraine as well as in the Methodical Recommendations on the Use of the State Logo for Organic Products. 779:

significantly more likely to buy organic food regularly when compared to men, older age groups, people of different political affiliations, and less educated individuals. Income level and race/ethnicity did not appear to affect interest in organic foods in this same study. Furthermore, individuals who are only moderately-religious were more likely to purchase organic foods than individuals who were less religious or highly-religious. Additionally, the pursuit of organic foods was positively associated with valuing vegetarian/

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Americans to burnt material in the diet is ~2000 mg, and exposure to natural pesticides (the chemicals that plants produce to defend themselves) is ~1500 mg. In comparison, the total daily exposure to all synthetic pesticide residues combined is ~0.09 mg. Thus, we estimate that 99.99% of the pesticides humans ingest are natural. Despite this enormously greater exposure to natural chemicals, 79% (378 out of 479) of the chemicals tested for carcinogenicity in both rats and mice are synthetic (that is, do not occur naturally).

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2002 reaching more than $ 63 billion in 2011 while certified organic farmland remained relatively small at less than 2 percent of total farmland under production, increasing in OECD and EU countries (which account for the majority of organic production) by 35 percent for the same time period. Organic products typically cost 10% to 50% more than similar conventionally produced products, to several times the price. Processed organic foods vary in price when compared to their conventional counterparts.

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more natural than synthetic chemicals (by weight and by number), humans are exposed to an enormous background of rodent carcinogens, as defined by high-dose tests on rodents. We have shown that even though only a tiny proportion of natural pesticides in plant foods have been tested, the 29 that are rodent carcinogens among the 57 tested, occur in more than 50 common plant foods. It is probable that almost every fruit and vegetable in the supermarket contains natural pesticides that are rodent carcinogens.

1127: 913:) (5 studies) content; milk studies reported on beta-carotene (4 studies) and alpha-tocopherol levels (4 studies). Few studies examined vitamin content in meats, but these found no difference in beta-carotene in beef, alpha-tocopherol in pork or beef, or vitamin A (retinol) in beef. The authors analyzed 11 other nutrients reported in studies of produce. A 2011 literature review found that organic foods had a higher micronutrient content overall than conventionally produced foods. 1265: 1472: 566:

Technical University of Munich found that the greenhouse gas emissions of organically farmed plant-based food were lower than conventionally-farmed plant-based food. The greenhouse gas costs of organically produced meat were approximately the same as non-organically produced meat. However, the same paper noted that a shift from conventional to organic practices would likely be beneficial for long-term efficiency and ecosystem services, and probably improve soil over time.

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exported by rail and road. Export volumes by vessels decreased, in particular, air transportation for export from Ukraine became impossible. The largest importing countries of Ukrainian organic products in 2022 were the Netherlands, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Poland, Lithuania, the United States, Italy, the United Kingdom, and the Czech Republic. Ukrainian organic producers also exported to some countries in Asia and North America.

40: 311: 1458: 361:(OFPA) and regulations in Title 7, Part 205 of the Code of Federal Regulations to respond to site-specific conditions by integrating cultural, biological, and mechanical practices that foster cycling of resources, promote ecological balance, and conserve biodiversity. If livestock are involved, the livestock must be reared with regular access to pasture and without the routine use of antibiotics or 4729:Średnicka-Tober, D; Barański, M; Seal, C; Sanderson, R; Benbrook, C; Steinshamn, H; Gromadzka-Ostrowska, J; Rembiałkowska, E; Skwarło-Sońta, K; Eyre, M; Cozzi, G; Krogh Larsen, M; Jordon, T; Niggli, U; Sakowski, T; Calder, PC; Burdge, GC; Sotiraki, S; Stefanakis, A; Yolcu, H; Stergiadis, S; Chatzidimitriou, E; Butler, G; Stewart, G; Leifert, C (March 2016). 4778:Średnicka-Tober, D; Barański, M; Seal, CJ; Sanderson, R; Benbrook, C; Steinshamn, H; Gromadzka-Ostrowska, J; Rembiałkowska, E; Skwarło-Sońta, K; Eyre, M; Cozzi, G; Larsen, MK; Jordon, T; Niggli, U; Sakowski, T; Calder, PC; Burdge, GC; Sotiraki, S; Stefanakis, A; Stergiadis, S; Yolcu, H; Chatzidimitriou, E; Butler, G; Stewart, G; Leifert, C (March 2016). 695:

it was found that levels of organophosphorus pesticide exposure dropped from negligible levels to undetectable levels when the children switched to an organic diet, the authors presented this reduction as a significant reduction in risk. The conclusions presented in Lu et al. were criticized in the literature as a case of bad scientific communication.

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organic food consumption is scarce, which has led researchers to call for more long-term studies. In addition, studies that suggest that organic foods may be healthier than conventional foods face significant methodological challenges, such as the correlation between organic food consumption and factors known to promote a healthy lifestyle. When the

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comparison to conventional food products by offering farmers subvention and extra support if they choose to produce organic food. Then and even today is the bench mark for organic food policy and certification of organic food in the whole world. The new European Organic food label and organic food policy was developed based on the 1987 Danish Model.

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supermarkets rapidly replaced the direct farmer connection. Today, many large corporate farms have an organic division. However, for supermarket consumers, food production is not easily observable, and product labeling, like "certified organic", is relied upon. Government regulations and third-party inspectors are looked to for assurance.

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countries were no longer available in Cuba, and many Cuban farms converted to organic methods out of necessity. Consequently, organic agriculture is a mainstream practice in Cuba, while it remains an alternative practice in most other countries. Although some products called organic in Cuba would not

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are not allowed with organic animal production. One of the major differences in organic animal husbandry protocol is the "pasture rule": minimum requirements for time on pasture do vary somewhat by species and between the certifying agencies, but the common theme is to require as much time on pasture

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and attitudinal characteristics. Several high quality surveys find that income, educational level, physical activity, dietary habits and number of children are associated with the level of organic food consumption. USA research has found that women, young adults, liberals, and college graduates were

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in 1993 determined that for infants and children, the major source of exposure to pesticides is through diet. A study published in 2006 by Lu et al. measured the levels of organophosphorus pesticide exposure in 23 school children before and after replacing their diet with organic food. In this study,

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While studies have shown via chemical analysis, as discussed above, that organically grown fruits and vegetables have significantly lower pesticide residue levels, the significance of this finding on actual health risk reduction is debatable as both conventional foods and organic foods generally have

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of chemicals, both natural and synthetic, and building a publicly available database of the results for the past ~30 years. Their work attempts to fill in the gaps in our scientific knowledge of the carcinogenicity of all chemicals, both natural and synthetic, as the scientists conducting the Project

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Early consumers interested in organic food would look for non-chemically treated, non-use of unapproved pesticides, fresh or minimally processed food. They mostly had to buy directly from growers. Later, "Know your farmer, know your food" became the motto of a new initiative instituted by the USDA in

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While organic food accounts for about 1% of total food production worldwide, the organic food sales market is growing rapidly with between 5 and 10 percent of the food market share in the United States according to the Organic Trade Association, significantly outpacing sales growth volume in dollars

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A 2009 systematic review found that organically produced foodstuffs are not richer in vitamins and minerals than conventionally produced foodstuffs. This systematic review found a lower nitrogen and higher phosphorus content in organic produced compared to conventionally grown foodstuffs. Content of

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3) Because the toxicology of natural and synthetic chemicals is similar, one expects (and finds) a similar positivity rate for carcinogenicity among synthetic and natural chemicals. The positivity rate among chemicals tested in rats and mice is ~50%. Therefore, because humans are exposed to so many

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reviewed the literature on organic foods in 2012, they found that "current evidence does not support any meaningful nutritional benefits or deficits from eating organic compared with conventionally grown foods, and there are no well-powered human studies that directly demonstrate health benefits or

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As of 2012, the scientific consensus is that while "consumers may choose to buy organic fruit, vegetables and meat because they believe them to be more nutritious than other food.... the balance of current scientific evidence does not support this view." The evidence of beneficial health effects of

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There is little scientific evidence of benefit or harm to human health from a diet high in organic food, and conducting any sort of rigorous experiment on the subject is very difficult. A 2012 meta-analysis noted that "there have been no long-term studies of health outcomes of populations consuming

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Rock, Cheryl L.; Thomson, Cynthia; Gansler, Ted; Gapstur, Susan M.; McCullough, Marjorie L.; Patel, Alpa V.; Andrews, Kimberly S.; Bandera, Elisa V.; Spees, Colleen K.; Robien, Kimberly; Hartman, Sheri; Sullivan, Kristen; Grant, Barbara L.; Hamilton, Kathryn K.; Kushi, Lawrence H.; Caan, Bette J.;

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In 1987, the first Danish Action Plan was implemented which was meant to support and stimulate farmers to switch from conventional food production systems to organic ones . Since then Denmark has constantly worked on further developing the market by promoting organic food and keeping prices low in

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In 2012, organic products accounted for 7.8% of the total retail consumption market in Denmark, the highest national market share in the world. Many public institutions have voluntarily committed themselves to buy some organic food and in Copenhagen 75% of all food served in public institutions is

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In April 2021, Sri Lanka started its "100% organic farming" program, banning imports of chemical fertilisers, pesticides and herbicides. In November 2021, it was announced that the country will lift its import ban, explained by both a lack of sudden changes to widely applied practices or education

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China's organic food production was originally for exportation in the early 2000s. Due to the food safety crisis since the late 2000s, China's domestic market outweighed the exportation market. The organic food production in China involves diverse players. Besides certified organic food production

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has stated that no evidence exists that the small amount of pesticide residue found on conventional foods will increase the risk of cancer, although it recommends thoroughly washing fruits and vegetables. They have also stated that there is no research to show that organic food reduces cancer risk

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being 69% higher. Studies on phytochemical composition of organic crops have numerous deficiencies, including absence of standardized measurements and poor reporting on measures of variability, duplicate or selective reporting of data, publication bias, lack of rigor in studies comparing pesticide

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Organic food sales increased from just over £100 million in 1993/94 to £1.21 billion in 2004 (an 11% increase on 2003). In 2010, the UK sales of organic products fell 5.9% to £1.73 billion. 86% of households buy organic products, the most popular categories being dairies (30.5% of sales) and

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Organic agriculture has higher potential costs due to lower yields and higher labor costs, leading to higher consumer prices. Demand for organic foods is primarily driven by concerns for personal health and for the environment. Global sales for organic foods climbed by more than 170 percent since

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Organic meat certification in the United States requires farm animals to be raised according to USDA organic regulations throughout their lives. These regulations require that livestock are fed certified organic food that contains no animal byproducts. Further, organic farm animals can receive no

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Organic farming typically reduces some environmental impact relative to conventional farming, but the scale of reduction can be difficult to quantify and varies depending on farming methods. In some cases, reducing food waste and dietary changes might provide greater benefits. A 2020 study at the

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In Ukraine, organic is regulated in accordance with the Law of Ukraine On Basic Principles and Requirements for Organic Production, Circulation and Labelling of Organic Products. Majority of Ukrainian producers, processing units, traders are also certified under international organic legislation

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According to the European Commission's Report, in 2022, Ukraine ranked the 3rd out of 125 countries by volume of organic products imported to the EU. Thus, in 2022, the EU imported 2.73 million tonnes of organic agri-food products, including 219 thousand tonnes (8%) from Ukraine, which is 85% of

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Production and consumption of organic products is rising rapidly in Asia, and both China and India are becoming global producers of organic crops and a number of countries, particularly China and Japan, also becoming large consumers of organic food and drink. The disparity between production and

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A 2012 meta-analysis determined that detectable pesticide residues were found in 7% of organic produce samples and 38% of conventional produce samples. This result was statistically heterogeneous, potentially because of the variable level of detection used among these studies. Only three studies

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A 2020 study on marketing processed organic foods shows that, after much growth in the fresh organic foods sector, consumers have started to buy processed organic foods, which they sometime perceive to be just as healthy or even healthier than the non-organic version – depending on the marketing

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The most important reason for purchasing organic foods seems to be beliefs about the products' health-giving properties and higher nutritional value. These beliefs are promoted by the organic food industry, and have fueled increased demand for organic food despite higher prices and difficulty in

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2) It has often been wrongly assumed that humans have evolved defenses against the natural chemicals in our diet but not against the synthetic chemicals. However, defenses that animals have evolved are mostly general rather than specific for particular chemicals; moreover, defenses are generally

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Processed organic food usually contains only organic ingredients. If non-organic ingredients are present, at least a certain percentage of the food's total plant and animal ingredients must be organic (95% in the United States, Canada, and Australia). Foods claiming to be organic must be free of

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Ukraine exported 245,600 metric tons of organic products in the amount of USD 219 million to 36 countries around the world which is almost the same as in 2021 (261,000 metric tonnes, USD 222 million). 95% of organic products from Ukraine were exported to European countries. Most products were

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In 2005 the organic food market was only worth about US$ 13 billion. By 2012 the total size of the organic food market in the United States was about $ 30 billion (out of the total market for organic and natural consumer products being about $ 81 billion) In 2020 the organic food

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The Environmental Protection Agency maintains strict guidelines on the regulation of pesticides by setting a tolerance on the amount of pesticide residue allowed to be in or on any particular food. Although some residue may remain at the time of harvest, residue tend to decline as the pesticide

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ingredients. Pesticides are allowed as long as they are not synthetic. However, under US federal organic standards, if pests and weeds are not controllable through management practices, nor via organic pesticides and herbicides, "a substance included on the National List of synthetic substances

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practices, with or without certification, and the individual consumer monitored. Small specialty health food stores and co-operatives were instrumental to bringing organic food to a wider audience. As demand for organic foods continued to increase, high-volume sales through mass outlets such as

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1) The vast proportion of chemicals that humans are exposed to occur naturally. Nevertheless, the public tends to view chemicals as only synthetic and to think of synthetic chemicals as toxic despite the fact that every natural chemical is also toxic at some dose. The daily average exposure of

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variables, and are difficult to generalize due to differences in the tests that were done, the methods of testing, and because the vagaries of agriculture affect the chemical composition of food; these variables include variations in weather (season to season as well as place to place); crop

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There is no good evidence that organic food tastes better than its non-organic counterparts. There is evidence that some organic fruit is drier than conventionally grown fruit; a slightly drier fruit may also have a more intense flavor due to the higher concentration of flavoring substances.

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based on government-defined standards to market food as organic within their borders. In the context of these regulations, foods marketed as organic are produced in a way that complies with organic standards set by national governments and international organic industry trade organizations.

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Organic food sales have grown by 17 to 20 percent a year in the early 2000s while sales of conventional food have grown only about 2 to 3 percent a year. The US organic market grew 9.5% in 2011, breaking the $ 30bn barrier for the first time, and continued to outpace sales of non-organic

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For the vast majority of its history, agriculture can be described as having been organic; only during the 20th century was a large supply of new products, generally deemed not organic, introduced into food production. The organic farming movement arose in the 1940s in response to the

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In the industrial era, organic gardening reached a modest level of popularity in the United States in the 1950s. In the 1960s, environmentalists and the counterculture championed organic food, but it was only in the 1970s that a national marketplace for organic foods developed.

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Many people believe that organic foods have higher content of nutrients and thus are healthier than conventionally produced foods. However, scientists have not been equally convinced that this is the case as the research conducted in the field has not shown consistent results.

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According to a newer review, studies found adverse effects of certain pesticides on children's cognitive development at current levels of exposure. Many pesticides show neurotoxicity in laboratory animal models and some are considered to cause endocrine disruption.

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total Ukrainian organic export. Thus, Ukraine had leading positions among the exporting countries to the EU, having exported 93 thousand tonnes (77.1%) of cereals (excluding wheat and rice) and 20 thousand tonnes (22%) of organic oilseeds (excluding soybeans).

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Barański, M; Srednicka-Tober, D; Volakakis, N; Seal, C; Sanderson, R; Stewart, GB; Benbrook, C; Biavati, B; Markellou, E; Giotis, C; Gromadzka-Ostrowska, J; Rembiałkowska, E; Skwarło-Sońta, K; Tahvonen, R; Janovská, D; Niggli, U; Nicot, P; Leifert, C (2014).

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For a product to become USDA organic certified, the farmer cannot plant genetically modified seeds and livestock cannot eat genetically modified plants. Farmers must provide substantial evidence showing there was no genetic modification involved in the

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reported the prevalence of contamination exceeding maximum allowed limits; all were from the European Union. A 2014 meta-analysis found that conventionally grown produce was four times more likely to have pesticide residue than organically grown crops.

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In China the increasing demand for organic products of all kinds, and in particular milk, baby food and infant formula, has been "spurred by a series of food scares, the worst being the death of six children who had consumed baby formula laced with

771:, shipping, storage, and handling makes it difficult to generalize results. Claims that "organic food tastes better" are generally not supported by tests, but consumers often perceive organic food produce like fruits and vegetables to taste better. 1189:

mainly conducted by private organic food companies, there are also non-certified organic farming practiced by entrepreneurs and civil society organizations. These initiatives have unique marketing channels such as ecological farmers' markets and

710:(ACS) has stated their official position that "whether organic foods carry a lower risk of cancer because they are less likely to be contaminated by compounds that might cause cancer is largely unknown." Reviews have noted that the risks from 1200:

estimated domestic sales of organic food products to be around US$ 500 million per annum as of 2013. This is predicted to increase by 30 percent to 50 percent in 2014. As of 2015, organic foods made up about 1% of the total Chinese food

815:, making the Chinese market for organic milk the largest in the world as of 2014. A Pew Research Center survey in 2012 indicated that 41% of Chinese consumers thought of food safety as a very big problem, up by three times from 12% in 2008. 274:

September 2009. Personal definitions of what constituted "organic" were developed through firsthand experience: by talking to farmers, seeing farm conditions, and farming activities. Small farms grew vegetables (and raised livestock) using

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A 2012 survey of the scientific literature did not find significant differences in the vitamin content of organic and conventional plant or animal products, and found that results varied from study to study. Produce studies reported on

3081:; Hunter, GE; Bavinger, JC; Pearson, M; Eschbach, PJ; Sundaram, V; Liu, H; Schirmer, P; Stave, C; Olkin, I; Bravata, DM (4 September 2012). "Are organic foods safer or healthier than conventional alternatives?: a systematic review". 3879: 4589:

Hunter, Duncan; Foster, Meika; McArthur, Jennifer O.; Ojha, Rachel; Petocz, Peter; Samman, Samir (July 2011). "Evaluation of the Micronutrient Composition of Plant Foods Produced by Organic and Conventional Agricultural Methods".

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Reeve, J. R.; Hoagland, L. A.; Villalba, J. J.; Carr, P. M.; Atucha, A.; Cambardella, C.; Davis, D. R.; Delate, K. (1 January 2016). "Chapter Six – Organic Farming, Soil Health, and Food Quality: Considering Possible Links".

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region implemented in 2005, explicitly requires that the food in nursery and primary schools (from 3 months to 10 years) must be 100% organic, and the food in meals at schools, universities and hospitals must be at least 35%

1445:, for example), Cuba exports organic citrus and citrus juices to EU markets that meet EU organic standards. Cuba's forced conversion to organic methods may position the country to be a global supplier of organic products. 783:

food options, "natural" food options, and USA-made food options. Organic food may also be more appealing to people who follow other restricted diets. One study found that individuals who adhered to vegan, vegetarian, or

935:. Another meta-analysis published the same year found no significant differences in levels of saturated and monounsaturated fat between organic and conventional milk, but significantly higher levels of overall and n-3 398:

in light of unknown risks of nanotechnology. The use of nanotechnology-based products in the production of organic food is prohibited in some jurisdictions (Canada, the UK, and Australia) and is unregulated in others.

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systems and contemporary economics and, by extension, food security, protests and high food costs. The effort for the first transition to a completely organic farming nation was further challenged by effects of the

1248:(IFOAM). A 2021 news report found that "globally, only Bhutan has a complete ban on synthetic pesticides". A 2018 study found that "current organic by default farming practices in Bhutan are still underdeveloped". 4390: 1179:

demand, is leading to a two-tier organic food industry, typified by significant and growing imports of primary organic products such as dairy and beef from Australia, Europe, New Zealand and the United States.

4780:"Higher PUFA and n-3 PUFA, conjugated linoleic acid, α-tocopherol and iron, but lower iodine and selenium concentrations in organic milk: a systematic literature review and meta- and redundancy analyses" 1821: 1244:

In 2013 the government of Bhutan announced that the country will become the first in the world with 100% organic farming and started a program for qualification. This program is being supported by the

1076:(7% in organic produce and 6% in conventional produce). Differences in the prevalence of bacterial contamination between organic and conventional animal products were also statistically insignificant. 5741: 971:

or other heavy metals differed significantly between organic and conventional food products. However, a 2014 review found lower concentrations of cadmium, particularly in organically grown grains.

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Toxicological examination of synthetic chemicals, without similar examination of chemicals that occur naturally, has resulted in an imbalance in both the data on and the perception of chemical

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Regulation (EU) 2018/848 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2018 on organic production and labeling of organic products and repealing Council Regulation (EC) No 834/2007.

2293: 1217: 5299: 756:. Consumers purchase organic foods for different reasons, including concerns about the effects of conventional farming practices on the environment, human health, and animal welfare. 4250:

Baudry, Julia; Rebouillat, Pauline; Allès, Benjamin; Cravedi, Jean-Pierre; Touvier, Mathilde; Hercberg, Serge; Lairon, Denis; Vidal, Rodolphe; Kesse-Guyot, Emmanuelle (1 July 2021).

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Some foods which are picked when unripe, such as bananas, are cooled to prevent ripening while they are shipped to market, and then are induced to ripen quickly by exposing them to

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allowed for use in organic crop production may be applied to prevent, suppress, or control pests, weeds, or diseases". Several groups have called for organic standards to prohibit

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There is a widespread public belief that organic food is safer, more nutritious, and better tasting than conventional food, which has largely contributed to the development of an

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Aschemann, J., U. Hamm, S. Naspetti, and R Zanoli"The Organic Market." In Organic Farming: An international History, by W. Lockeretz, 123–151. Wallingford, Oxfordshire:CABI, 2007

3927:"Tracing seeds, in particular fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seeds, in relation to the Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) O104:H4 2011 Outbreaks in Germany and France". 1371:

In 2005 7 percent of Polish consumers buy food that was produced according to the EU-Eco-regulation. The value of the organic market is estimated at 50 million euros (2006).

5098: 4032:"Higher antioxidant and lower cadmium concentrations and lower incidence of pesticide residues in organically grown crops: a systematic literature review and meta-analyses" 3147:

Mie, Axel; Andersen, Helle Raun; Gunnarsson, Stefan; Kahl, Johannes; Kesse-Guyot, Emmanuelle; Rembiałkowska, Ewa; Quaglio, Gianluca; Grandjean, Philippe (27 October 2017).

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or healthier to eat than conventional food. Organic agriculture has higher production costs and lower yields, higher labor costs, and higher consumer prices as compared to

5813: 227:, which relied on "imported fertility" and "cannot be self-sufficient nor an organic whole". Early soil scientists also described the differences in soil composition when 5059: 839:, chemicals produced by plants to induce their own ripening; as flavor and texture changes during ripening, this process may affect those qualities of the treated fruit. 5060:

Conflicting demands of agricultural production and environmental conservation: consumers' perception of the quality and safety of food (2004). Filho, Walter Leal (ed.).

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Hurtado-Barroso, Sara; Tresserra-Rimbau, Anna; Vallverdú-Queralt, Anna; Lamuela-Raventós, Rosa María (30 November 2017). "Organic food and the impact on human health".

740:, from organic food consumption, but reviews have found little evidence that the actual incidence of outbreaks can be positively linked to organic food production. The 5966:"Retail Sales of Certified Organic Food Products in Canada in 2006. Organic food is not all organic. only food labeled with a 100% organic sticker are pesticide-free/" 2082: 2350: 2228: 1245: 5370: 1354:

In 2011, 7.4% of all food products sold in Austrian supermarkets (including discount stores) were organic. In 2007, 8,000 different organic products were available.

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Bourn D, Prescott J (January 2002). "A comparison of the nutritional value, sensory qualities, and food safety of organically and conventionally produced foods".

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Organic food sales surpassed $ 1 billion in 2006, accounting for 0.9% of food sales in Canada. By 2012, Canadian organic food sales reached $ 3 billion.

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70%–80% of the local organic production, amounting to 100 million euros in 2010, is exported. The organic products market grew to 50 million euros in 2010.

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With respect to chemical differences in the composition of organically grown food compared with conventionally grown food, studies have examined differences in

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Scott, Steffanie; Si, Zhenzhong; Schumilas, Theresa and Chen, Aijuan. (2018). Organic Food and Farming in China: Top-down and Bottom-up Ecological Initiatives

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The amount of pesticides that remain in or on food is called pesticide residue. In the United States, before a pesticide can be used on a food crop, the U.S.

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confirming these claimed benefits scientifically. Organic labels also stimulate the consumer to view the product as having more positive nutritional value.

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Magkos, Faidon; Arvaniti, Fotini; Zampelas, Antonis (2006). "Organic Food: Buying More Safety or Just Peace of Mind? A Critical Review of the Literature".

5548: 223:(1940), out of his conception of "the farm as organism", to describe a holistic, ecologically balanced approach to farming—in contrast to what he called 6460: 5324: 3982: 4826:"Pesticides Health and Safety Information." National Pesticides Information Center. National Pesticides Information Center, 1 Apr.2014.Web.9 Nov.2015. 4702:

Pretty, J.N.; Ball, A.S.; Lang, T.; Morison, J.I.L. (2005). "Farm costs and food miles: An assessment of the full cost of the UK weekly food basket".

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as fertilizer, compared to conventional farming in general. This practice seems to imply an increased risk of microbiological contamination, such as

5965: 5905: 5704: 5499: 4252:"Estimated dietary exposure to pesticide residues based on organic and conventional data in omnivores, pesco-vegetarians, vegetarians and vegans" 5086: 1949: 4956: 4447: 4309:"Comparison of Consumer Perceptions and Preference Toward Organic Versus Conventionally Produced Foods: A Review and Update of the Literature" 1340:

organic. A governmental action plan initiated in 2012–2014 aims at 60% organic food in all public institutions across the country before 2020.

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vitamin C, calcium, potassium, total soluble solids, copper, iron, nitrates, manganese, and sodium did not differ between the two categories.

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emissions as increased overseas land use for production and import of crops would be needed to make up for lower organic yields domestically.

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residue levels in organic and conventional crops, the geographical origin of samples, and inconsistency of farming and post-harvest methods.

5864: 4501:"Marketing Processed Organic Foods: The Impact of Promotional Message Framing (Vice Vs. Virtue Advertising) on Perceptions of Healthfulness" 6288: 6072: 5942: 3698: 3348:

Forman, Joel; Silverstein, Janet; Committee on Nutrition; Council on Environmental Health; American Academy of Pediatrics (November 2012).

6176: 3727: 6099: 3546:

Canavari, M., Asioli, D., Bendini, A., Cantore, N., Gallina Toschi, T., Spiller, A., Obermowe, T., Buchecker, K. and Lohmann, M. (2009).

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Blair, Robert. (2012). Organic Production and Food Quality: A Down to Earth Analysis. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK. Pages 72, 223, 225.

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breaks down over time. In addition, as the commodities are washed and processed prior to sale, the residues often diminish further.

167:

Demand for organic foods is primarily driven by consumer concerns for personal health and the environment, such as the detrimental

6324: 5008: 1300:

Organic products accounted for 3.7% of total food and beverage sales, and 11.4% of all fruit and vegetable sales in the year 2009.

1212:

and baby food accounted for approximately 5.5 per cent of sales in 2011. Australian organic infant formula and baby food producer

70:. Standards vary worldwide, but organic farming features practices that cycle resources, promote ecological balance, and conserve 691: 5034: 4543: 959:, has been found to be lower when grown organically as compared to conventionally. When evaluating environmental toxins such as 569:

A 2019 life-cycle assessment study found that converting the total agricultural sector (both crop and livestock production) for

2538: 920:

than conventional chicken. The authors found no difference in the protein or fat content of organic and conventional raw milk.

475:"Less Than 70% Organic Ingredients": Three of the organic ingredients must be listed under the ingredient section of the label. 4633: 3214: 1170:

of conventional food products. World organic food sales jumped from US$ 23 billion in 2002 to $ 63 billion in 2011.

6676: 6612: 6586: 6567: 6541: 6520: 6499: 5705:

US organic market continues to outpace conventional food sales growth Recent Growth Patterns in the U.S. Organic Foods Market

5071: 4925: 4154: 3963: 3482: 2603: 2092: 1862: 1586: 741: 1707:

Tully, Katherine L.; McAskill, Cullen (1 September 2020). "Promoting soil health in organically managed systems: a review".

1322:

British Columbians account for 13% of the Canadian population, but purchased 26% of the organic food sold in Canada in 2006.

6820: 4659:

Magkos, F; Arvaniti, F; Zampelas, A (2003). "Organic food: Nutritious food or food for thought? A review of the evidence".

2232: 2055: 657:. Three points that we have discussed indicate that comparisons should be made with natural as well as synthetic chemicals. 358: 5833: 5717: 5449: 3289:

Brantsæter, Anne Lise; Ydersbond, Trond A.; Hoppin, Jane A.; Haugen, Margaretha; Meltzer, Helle Margrete (20 March 2017).

2163: 479:

In the U.S., the food label "natural" or "all natural" does not mean that the food was produced and processed organically.

6351: 5374: 212: 6021: 1220:, reported that exports of long-life organic milk to China had grown by 20 to 30 per cent per year over the same period. 4859:

Kibbe, Debra; Black, Jessica Donze; Wiedt, Tracy L.; McMahon, Catherine; Sloan, Kirsten; Doyle, Colleen (9 June 2020).

3628: 2258: 525: 168: 6378: 5757: 2337: 1116: 329:

Currently, the European Union, the United States, Canada, Japan, and many other countries require producers to obtain

30:

This article is about food that complies with the standards of organic farming. For food advertised as "natural", see

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Some studies reported health and food safety as the number one quality attribute considered by organic produce buyers

3755: 2504:"Agricultural & Processed Food Products Export Development Authority – NATIONAL PROGRAMME FOR ORGANIC PRODUCTION" 2147: 2038: 406:, products must be grown and manufactured in a manner that adheres to standards set by the country they are sold in: 6001: 4361: 1297:

In 2003 organic products were available in nearly 20,000 natural food stores and 73% of conventional grocery stores.

2906: 6433: 4731:"Composition differences between organic and conventional meat: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis" 4170:

Brantsæter, Anne Lise; Ydersbond, Trond A.; Hoppin, Jane A.; Haugen, Margaretha; Meltzer, Helle Margrete (2017).

2363: 1197: 1190: 1035: 2028: 6810: 5783: 2787: 2617: 1626: 680: 599: 247:

content of soil. This is different from the scientific use of the term "organic" in chemistry, which refers to

2712: 923:

A 2016 systematic review and meta-analysis found that organic meat had comparable or slightly lower levels of

254:

Ideas that organic food could be healthier and better for the environment originated in the early days of the

3901: 679:) well below government established guidelines for what is considered safe. This view has been echoed by the 17: 6212:"On Basic Principles and Requirements for Organic Production, Circulation and Labelling of Organic Products" 5575:"Is Bhutan destined for 100% organic? Assessing the economy-wide effects of a large-scale conversion policy" 3990: 164:

supplies. These environmental and health issues are intended to be minimized or avoided in organic farming.

3548:

Summary report on sensory-related socio-economic and sensory science literature about organic food products

1360:

Since 2000, the use of some organic food is compulsory in Italian schools and hospitals. A 2002 law of the

118: 6407: 6162: 638:'s Distributed Structure-Searchable Toxicity (DSSTox) Database Network, has been systemically testing the 5674: 3983:"Deciphering Organic Foods: A Comprehensive Guide to Organic Food Production, Consumption, and Promotion" 1501: 1396: 1303:

As of 2012, many independent organic food processors in the USA had been acquired by multinational firms.

1216:

have reported that their sales in this market grew 70 per cent annually over the period 2008–2013, while

466:"100% Organic": This means that all ingredients are produced organically. It also may have the USDA seal. 6309: 6289:

https://minagro.gov.ua/napryamki/organichne-virobnictvo/markuvannya-organichnoyi-produkciyi-abo-sirovini

6260: 6197: 6671: 6177:

https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2023-07/analytical-brief-2-eu-organic-imports-2022_en.pdf

5976: 5916: 1799: 936: 932: 202: 6076: 3547: 3347: 2593:"USDA organic: what qualifies as organic?" Massage Therapy Journal Spring 2011: 36+. Academic OneFile. 82:

in the farming methods used to produce such products. Organic foods are typically not processed using

6718: 6022:

Organic food and farming: A driver for sustainable development in Scotland with learning from Denmark

1491: 1419:

fresh fruits and vegetables (23.2% of sales). As of 2011, 4.2% of UK farmland is organically managed.

1073: 812: 4960: 1953: 1098:, and they must be raised using techniques that protect native species and other natural resources. 6737: 4575: 1526: 734: 505: 455: 342: 326:

and organic food are more commonly known as ecological or biological, or in short 'eco' and 'bio'.

114: 6148: 6120: 6050: 3001:"The greenhouse gas impacts of converting food production in England and Wales to organic methods" 6681: 6134: 5573:

Feuerbacher, Arndt; Luckmann, Jonas; Boysen, Ole; Zikeli, Sabine; Grethe, Harald (13 June 2018).

3702: 2936:"Calculation of external climate costs for food highlights inadequate pricing of animal products" 1905:"The Betteshanger Summer School: Missing link between biodynamic agriculture and organic farming" 1597: 1046: 960: 718:

are likely to be much more significant than short term or chronic risks from pesticide residues.

707: 395: 97:, the United States, Canada, Mexico, Japan, and many other countries require producers to obtain 4912: 3237: 2630:

M. Tahat, Monther; M. Alananbeh, Kholoud; A. Othman, Yahia; I. Leskovar, Daniel (January 2020).

2389: 3731: 1922: 1209: 283: 5061: 4907:

2013 November, "The ruling on organic foods: are they worth the extra price?" "Healthy Years"

3770:"Organic diets significantly lower children's dietary exposure to organophosphorus pesticides" 2999:

Smith, Laurence G.; Kirk, Guy J. D.; Jones, Philip J.; Williams, Adrian G. (22 October 2019).

2001: 1576: 847: 6805: 6701: 5474: 4187: 3307: 3290: 2351:

Organic Production Systems General Principles And Management Standards (CAN/CGSB-32.310-2006)

2325:

A Research Strategy for Environmental, Health, and Safety Aspects of Engineered Nanomaterials

1850: 789: 684: 676: 631:

and relatively small number of studies directly comparing organic food to conventional food.

607: 350: 330: 299: 236: 172: 98: 6225: 3094: 1904: 788:

diet patterns incorporated substantially more organic foods in their diets when compared to

665:

inducible and therefore protect well from low doses of both synthetic and natural chemicals.

6635: 6211: 5586: 4171: 3660: 3160: 3149:"Human health implications of organic food and organic agriculture: a comprehensive review" 3012: 2947: 2854: 1716: 1605: 1541: 1442: 1213: 753: 386: 373:, and are often processed with fewer artificial methods, materials and conditions, such as 184: 141: 462:

In the United States, there are four different levels or categories for organic labeling:

8: 6758: 6732: 1103: 1038:

must determine whether that pesticide can be used without posing a risk to human health.

928: 362: 232: 122: 109:

may actually be organic, selling food with an organic label is regulated by governmental

6639: 5590: 4861:"American Cancer Society guideline for diet and physical activity for cancer prevention" 3866: 3664: 3164: 3016: 2951: 2858: 1720: 1140:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

6784: 6601: 6328: 5617: 5574: 5422: 5250: 5012: 4890: 4804: 4779: 4755: 4730: 4684: 4615: 4522: 4328: 4289: 4110: 4085: 4056: 4031: 3843: 3818: 3794: 3769: 3526: 3441: 3271: 3191: 3148: 3106: 3033: 3000: 2976: 2935: 2907:"Organic meats found to have approximately the same greenhouse impact as regular meats" 2883: 2842: 2805: 2763: 2738: 2689: 2664: 2136: 1740: 1477: 967:

levels. Early literature reviews found no significant evidence that levels of arsenic,

917: 542:

in conventional farming has caused, and is causing, enormous damage worldwide to local

176: 171:. From the perspective of science and consumers, there is insufficient evidence in the 44: 5549:"Swiss to vote on whether to become first European nation to ban synthetic pesticides" 5063:

Ecological agriculture and rural development in Central and Eastern European countries

5038: 3645: 606:

Prevalent use of antibiotics in livestock used in non-organic meat is a key driver of

6653: 6608: 6582: 6563: 6556: 6537: 6516: 6495: 6296: 6247: 6184: 5622: 5604: 5275: 5129: 5112: 5067: 4908: 4894: 4882: 4809: 4760: 4676: 4607: 4526: 4332: 4308: 4293: 4281: 4273: 4201: 4150: 4115: 4061: 3959: 3848: 3799: 3751: 3676: 3582: 3577: 3560: 3518: 3478: 3433: 3379: 3371: 3330: 3322: 3263: 3255: 3196: 3178: 3098: 3078: 3038: 2981: 2963: 2888: 2870: 2809: 2768: 2694: 2503: 2203: 2143: 2088: 2034: 1858: 1744: 1732: 1582: 1233: 1029: 703: 645: 624: 417: 4688: 4619: 4499:

Anghelcev, George; McGroarty, Siobhan; Sar, Sela; Moultrie, Jas; Huang, Yan (2020).

4220: 3530: 3445: 3275: 3110: 2546: 1387:, the Swiss organic producers' association, provides guidelines for organic farmers. 6779: 6694: 6643: 6274: 6239: 5679: 5612: 5594: 5265: 5124: 4872: 4799: 4791: 4750: 4742: 4711: 4668: 4599: 4512: 4320: 4263: 4232: 4191: 4183: 4142: 4105: 4097: 4051: 4043: 3936: 3838: 3830: 3789: 3781: 3668: 3572: 3510: 3425: 3361: 3312: 3302: 3247: 3221: 3186: 3168: 3090: 3028: 3020: 2971: 2955: 2878: 2862: 2795: 2758: 2750: 2684: 2676: 2643: 1724: 1686: 1531: 1516: 1255:

In 2010, the Japanese organic market was estimated to be around $ 1.3 billion.

952: 906: 378: 255: 248: 83: 4929: 4715: 4517: 4500: 4101: 3251: 3127: 2177: 2109: 6531: 6510: 6489: 6431: 6028: 6008: 5745: 5599: 5150: 4547: 4540: 4221:"Purchasing Organic Food in U.S. Food Systems: A Study of Attitudes and Practice" 4146: 3632: 2324: 1690: 1269: 1091: 768: 767:

contents of organically and conventionally produced food, the variable nature of

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have not been supported by the evidence in the medical literature. Likewise, the

323: 275: 259: 196: 67: 5841: 3956:

America Goes Green: An Encyclopedia of Eco-friendly Culture in the United States

3940: 3076: 2843:"Many shades of gray — The context-dependent performance of organic agriculture" 1629:. Agricultural Marketing Service, US Department of Agriculture. 12 December 2018 1196:

China's domestic organic market is the fourth largest in the world. The Chinese

6815: 6742: 6596: 5818: 4134: 3024: 2959: 1728: 1361: 1205: 992: 785: 578: 555: 391: 370: 319: 161: 106: 94: 87: 6355: 5227: 4795: 4746: 4672: 4603: 4307:

Yiridoe, Emmanuel; Bonti-Ankomah, Samuel; C. Martin, Ralph (1 December 2005).

4268: 4251: 4236: 4047: 3514: 3429: 3173: 2800: 2754: 6799: 6551: 5608: 5279: 4277: 4086:"Effects of organic food consumption on human health; the jury is still out!" 3375: 3326: 3259: 3182: 2967: 2874: 1736: 1598:"Toxic Chemicals: Banned In Organics But Common in "Natural" Food Production" 1547: 1506: 1496: 1283: 1063: 980: 924: 898: 890: 860: 240: 6398: 3768:

Lu, C; Toepel, K; Irish, R; Fenske, RA; Barr, DB; Bravo, R (February 2006).

3745: 3672: 3625: 2517: 698:

More specifically, claims related to pesticide residue of increased risk of

74:. Organizations regulating organic products may restrict the use of certain 6774: 6657: 5626: 5503: 5270: 5163: 4886: 4813: 4764: 4680: 4611: 4285: 4205: 4119: 4065: 3852: 3803: 3586: 3522: 3437: 3383: 3366: 3349: 3334: 3267: 3200: 3102: 3042: 2985: 2892: 2866: 2772: 2698: 2680: 2280: 2030:

From Head Shops to Whole Foods: The Rise and Fall of Activist Entrepreneurs

1975: 1521: 1511: 1437: 1433: 1264: 1012: 764: 628: 472:"Made With Organic Ingredients": Contains at least 70% organic ingredients. 357:

In the United States, organic production is managed in accordance with the

337: 286:

and was also spurred by food-related health scares like the concerns about

153: 71: 31: 6624:"Resource-Conserving Agriculture Increases Yields in Developing Countries" 5526:"Presentation on Science Based High Yielding Organic Agriculture by IFOAM" 5500:"Bhutan set to plough lone furrow as world's first wholly organic country" 5143: 4139:

Believe It or Not: The History, Culture, and Science Behind Health Beliefs

3834: 3680: 2934:

Pieper, Maximilian; Michalke, Amelie; Gaugler, Tobias (15 December 2020).

2568: 2311: 1879: 1759: 634:

Additionally, the Carcinogenic Potency Project, which is a part of the US

4196: 3317: 1486: 1463: 1157: 1099: 1095: 988: 868: 800: 699: 551: 547: 180: 157: 149: 110: 2713:"Social, Cultural, Institutional and Economic Aspects of Eutrophication" 2629: 493: 6437: 5525: 4877: 4860: 4324: 2648: 2631: 1536: 1384: 1016: 996: 803:

are also important motivating factors in the purchase of organic food.

775: 654: 639: 539: 535: 531: 374: 287: 137: 133: 129: 79: 6648: 6623: 5251:"The Uptake of Organic Agriculture: A Decade of Worldwide Development" 3350:"Organic foods: health and environmental advantages and disadvantages" 2367: 1851:"Ecological Knowledge: Foundation for Sustainable Organic Agriculture" 4928:. US Environmental Protection Agency. 20 October 2014. Archived from 3785: 3561:"A Review of the Nutrition Claims Made by Proponents of Organic Food" 2739:"Impact of pesticides use in agriculture: their benefits and hazards" 1802:. Harvard Health Publishing, Harvard Medical School. 9 September 2015 1436:

in 1991, agricultural inputs that had previously been purchased from

1008: 1000: 910: 902: 894: 864: 856: 832: 559: 543: 145: 75: 6558:

Food Politics: How the Food Industry Influences Nutrition and Health

5791: 5347: 4959:. United States Department of Agriculture. July 2013. Archived from 4926:"Pesticides and Food: What the Pesticide Residue Limits are on Food" 4777: 4728: 4028: 2411: 1880:"The Farm as Organism: The Foundational Idea of Organic Agriculture" 1441:

satisfy certification requirements in other countries (crops may be

963:, the USDA has noted that organically raised chicken may have lower 5906:"Retail Sales of Certified Organic Food Products in Canada in 2006" 5739:

Natural / Organic Consumer Segmentation, A Total Market Perspective

4219:

Onyango, Benjamin; Hallman, William; Bellows, Anne (January 2006).

2002:"Farming and Gardening for Health or Disease (The Soil and Health)" 1923:"Farming and Gardening for Health or Disease (The Soil and Health)" 1578:

The Business of Food: Encyclopedia of the Food and Drink Industries

1004: 948: 836: 808: 780: 760: 451:

New Zealand: there are three bodies; BioGro, AsureQuality, and OFNZ

39: 3614: 1272:

is a market leader of organic grocery stores in the United States.

623:

Claims of improved safety of organic food have largely focused on

6325:"Organic statistics – the shape of organic food and farming" 6163:"Export of organic products from Ukraine World (2022, countries)" 6073:"Wirtschaftlicher Durchbruch für Bio-Fachhandel im Jubiläumsjahr" 5831: 1068: 984: 968: 964: 570: 446: 282:

In the 1970s, interest in organic food grew with the rise of the

6487: 5703:

Caroline Scott-Thomas for FoodNavigator-USA.com, 24 April 2012.

5398:"Organic food: Companies pay $ 50,000 for Chinese certification" 3600: 931:

as conventional meat, but higher levels of both overall and n-3

6226:"Про затвердження державного логотипа для органічної продукції" 5572: 5528:. Bhutan Minister for Agriculture and Forests. 16 December 2013 5087:

Global organic sales reach $ 63 billion, U.S. is largest market

4169: 3902:"Analysis: E.coli outbreak poses questions for organic farming" 3288: 744:, however, was blamed on organically farmed fenugreek sprouts. 730: 469:"Organic": At least 95% or more of the ingredients are organic. 445:

Mexico: Consejo Nacional de Producción Orgánica, department of

382: 310: 228: 63: 4391:"Food safety in China opens doors for Australia's agri sector" 4083: 1671: 1669: 1654:. European Commission: Agriculture and Rural Development. 2014 1551:, a book about pesticides and the environment by Rachel Carson 603:

disease protection as a result of consuming an organic diet."

439:

Indonesia: BIOCert, run by Agricultural Ministry of Indonesia.

5737:

Carl Edstrom of IRI and Kathryn Peters of SPINS October 2013

5188:

Global organic sales reach $ 63 billion, Ag Professional

4560:

Transcript: Bananas: The Uncertain Future Of A Favorite Fruit

4541:

Ethylene: The Ripening Hormone Ethylene: The Ripening Hormone

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to organic farming methods would result in a net increase in

574: 244: 4249: 4172:"Organic Food in the Diet: Exposure and Health Implications" 3291:"Organic Food in the Diet: Exposure and Health Implications" 3142: 3140: 3138: 3136: 1702: 1700: 1457: 1208:

market with $ 12.4 billion in sales annually; of this,

179:

to support claims that organic food is either substantially

6533:

Health Benefits of Organic Food: Effects of the Environment

6491:

Organic food: consumers' choices and farmers' opportunities

5647:. Osaka: Agricultural Trade Office of Japan. Archived from 2716: 2433: 1666: 1282:

Organic food is the fastest growing sector of the American

1161:

Expensive organic vegetables at an Australian grocery store

1117:

Organic farming § Regional support for organic farming

1050:

compared to foods grown with conventional farming methods.

195:

Further information on the production of organic food:

6686: 4084:

Barański, M; Rempelos, L; Iversen, PO; Leifert, C (2017).

345:(run by the USDA) is in charge of the legal definition of 190: 6458: 5943:"Canada's organic market now fourth largest in the world" 5475:"Sri Lanka ends farm chemical ban as organic drive fails" 5450:"Sri Lanka's Plunge Into Organic Farming Brings Disaster" 4857: 4576:"Organic Food No More Nutritious than Non-organic: Study" 3146: 3133: 3128:

Nutritional quality of organic foods: a systematic review

2056:"Quick thoughts on the USDA's 'Know Your Farmer' program" 1697: 1675: 1574: 1246:

International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements

987:

and pesticide residues, and 17% higher concentrations of

983:

composition found that organically grown crops had lower

635: 5199:"#5002-40 The Asian Market For Organic Food & Drink" 4634:"Organic meats, milk contain more omega-3s, study finds" 4588: 3130:

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 92(1) 203–210

2392:. Canada Gazette, Government of Canada. 21 December 2006 6603:

The Omnivore's Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals

6432:

Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología de Cuba.

6149:"Sales of organic products in 2016-2022: Export market" 6121:"Sales of organic products in 2016-2022: Export market" 6048: 2481: 2138:

The Omnivore's Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals

1079: 6682:

India – National Program for Organic Production (NPOP)

5718:"US organic food market to grow 14% from 2013 to 2018" 4658: 3415: 3072: 2998: 2204:"Organic Regulations | Agricultural Marketing Service" 916:

Similarly, organic chicken contained higher levels of

5675:"How Trader Joe's Sells Twice As Much As Whole Foods" 5110: 4701: 4422:"Chinese babies looking for more Aussie organic milk" 4362:"Organic labels- A consumers satisfaction for health" 4218: 3819:"OP Pesticides, Organic Diets, and Children's Health" 3565:

Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety

3070: 3068: 3066: 3064: 3062: 3060: 3058: 3056: 3054: 3052: 2933: 1848: 436:

India: National Program for Organic Production (NPOP)

306:

List of countries with organic agriculture regulation

6512:

Encyclopedia of Organic, Sustainable, and Local Food

5448:

Wipulasena, Aanya; Mashal, Mujib (7 December 2021).

4983:"How does USDA define the term organic? | USDA" 4661:

International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition

3613:

National Center for Computational Toxicology (NCCT)

2434:"Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs" 2156: 1453: 1383:

As of 2012, 11 per cent of Swiss farms are organic.

66:

produced by methods complying with the standards of

5345: 3767: 3411: 3409: 3407: 3405: 3403: 3401: 3399: 3397: 3395: 3393: 2336:Staff, The Organic & Non-GMO Report, May 2010. 1950:"Towards a Sustainable Agriculture—The Living Soil" 991:than conventionally grown crops. Concentrations of 6600: 6555: 6399:Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology. 6100:"Rich or poor, Swiss are big fans of organic food" 5111:Winter, Carl K.; Davis, Sarah F. (November 2006). 3049: 2135: 6488:Canavari, Maurizio; Olson, Kent D., eds. (2007). 5897: 4558:Fresh Air, National Public Radio. 30 August 2011 2840: 6797: 6508: 6461:"Cuba's Food & Agriculture Situation Report" 6322: 6240:https://sis.nipo.gov.ua/en/search/detail/822840/ 5862: 5699: 5697: 5447: 5346:Chandran, Nyshka; Eunice Yoon (2 January 2015). 5164:"The Global Market for Organic Food & Drink" 5099:OECD Compendium of Agri-Environmental Indicators 4231:(5). Emerald Group Publishing Limited: 407–409. 3390: 2604:Interpreting Food Labels: Natural versus Organic 2327:. National Academies Press: Washington DC. 2012. 1829:Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health 951:content in certain vegetables, especially green 721: 6595: 5781: 5371:"Special Report – How Big Formula bought China" 5191: 5009:"All differences in one table by EU regulation" 4573: 4539:Washington State University Extension Office. 4079: 4077: 4075: 3747:Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children 3542: 3540: 2785: 2312:Nanotechnology: The Next Challenge for Organics 1646: 1644: 484: 258:as a result of publications like the 1943 book 6550: 6529: 6135:"Organic export from Ukraine (2022, overview)" 5814:"What Is Organic? Powerful Players Want a Say" 4592:Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 3626:Publicly available Toxnet database from US NLM 3418:Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 3240:Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 3122: 3120: 2279:Staff, National Pesticide Information Center. 2229:"Access to Pasture Rule for Organic Livestock" 867:residues. These studies generally suffer from 243:nitrogen do not. Their respective use affects 6702: 6621: 5694: 5423:"Why is there a food emergency in Sri Lanka?" 5323:. Australia China Connections. Archived from 3500: 2182:United States Environmental Protection Agency 1706: 231:were used as "organic", because they contain 27:Food complying with organic farming standards 6434:"DirecciÓn de Investigaciones Agropecuarias" 6349: 5832:Greene, Catherine; Dimitri, Carolyn (2003). 4072: 3954:White, Kim Kennedy; Duram, Leslie A (2013). 3537: 3215:"The Food Standards Agency's Current Stance" 2208:United States Agricultural Marketing Service 1897: 1887:Elementals: Journal of Bio-Dynamics Tasmania 1641: 1193:emerging in and around Chinese major cities. 558:supplies, and sometimes farmers' health and 5963: 5903: 4652: 4024: 4022: 4020: 4018: 4016: 4014: 4012: 4010: 4008: 3880:"Food additives, safety, and organic foods" 3117: 2841:Seufert, Verena; Ramankutty, Navin (2017). 2364:"Steps to Certification – Within Australia" 1877: 939:in organic milk than in conventional milk. 759:While there may be some differences in the 264:Farming and Gardening for Health or Disease 6709: 6695: 5321:"Australia's Share of China's organic pie" 5258:Journal of Social and Development Sciences 5228:"Industry Statistics and Projected Growth" 4569: 4567: 3953: 3816: 3730:. UK Food Standards Agency. Archived from 2992: 2836: 2834: 2832: 2830: 2828: 2826: 2788:"Pesticides spark broad biodiversity loss" 2662: 1575:Allen, Gary J.; Albala, Ken, eds. (2007). 1057: 6647: 6097: 5616: 5598: 5314: 5312: 5310: 5269: 5128: 4975: 4876: 4803: 4754: 4516: 4267: 4195: 4135:"Organic Foods: A Healthier Alternative?" 4109: 4055: 3869:Environ Health Perspect.114(4) A210–A211. 3842: 3793: 3643: 3601:"The Carcinogenic Potency Project (CPDB)" 3576: 3473: 3471: 3469: 3467: 3465: 3463: 3461: 3459: 3457: 3455: 3365: 3316: 3306: 3190: 3172: 3032: 2975: 2882: 2799: 2762: 2688: 2647: 2632:"Soil Health and Sustainable Agriculture" 2575:. Consejo Nacional de Producción Orgánica 1842: 1794: 1792: 1790: 1788: 1786: 1784: 1782: 1780: 1621: 1619: 318:Organic food production is distinct from 6459:Office of Global Analysis (March 2008). 6376: 5856: 5715: 5666: 5639: 4985:. Usda.gov. 24 June 2004. Archived from 4951: 4949: 4947: 4837:"Common questions about diet and cancer" 4188:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031816-044437 4005: 3646:"Rodent carcinogens: Setting priorities" 3496: 3494: 3492: 3490: 3308:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031816-044437 2314:, Journal of Organic Systems, 3(1) 3–22. 2053: 1595: 1290:market was worth over $ 56 billion. 1263: 1156: 846: 336: 309: 249:a class of molecules that contain carbon 38: 6070: 5784:"Organic food sales see healthy growth" 5362: 5348:"China goes organic amid food scandals" 5222: 5220: 4564: 4419: 4413: 4384: 4382: 4348:Joanna Schroeder for Academics Review. 4133:Kramer, Michael S. (28 December 2023). 3977: 3975: 3692: 3690: 3095:10.7326/0003-4819-157-5-201209040-00007 2823: 979:A 2014 meta-analysis of 343 studies on 851:Organic vegetables at a farmers' market 842: 774:The appeal of organic food varies with 191:Meaning, history and origin of the term 14: 6798: 6677:UK Organic certification and standards 6576: 6000:Danish Agriculture & Food Council 5940: 5888: 5546: 5307: 5242: 5230:. Organic Trade Association. June 2010 4448:"Organic exports to China on the rise" 4313:Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 4132: 3722: 3720: 3452: 2338:Canada bans nanotechnology in organics 2133: 2107: 2080: 1855:Organic farming: the ecological system 1777: 1616: 6690: 5834:"Organic Agriculture: Gaining Ground" 5758:"Organic food sales in the U.S. 2020" 5339: 5248: 4944: 4478:Pew Research Global Attitudes Project 4465: 4428:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation 3958:. California: ABC-CLIO. p. 180. 3558: 3487: 2929: 2927: 2736: 2304: 2162:Labeling, article 30 and Annex IV of 2027:Davis, Joshua Clark (8 August 2017). 2026: 1596:Vallaeys, Charlotte (November 2010). 1567: 1565: 1023: 742:2011 Germany E. coli O104:H4 outbreak 618: 428:Poland: Association of Polish Ecology 6628:Environmental Science and Technology 6530:Givens, D. Ian; et al. (2008). 5973:Organic Agriculture Center of Canada 5941:Cooper, Carolyn (21 November 2013). 5913:Organic Agriculture Center of Canada 5891:Can GMOs be used in organic products 5716:Daniells, Stephen (3 January 2014). 5672: 5389: 5217: 4915:, 11/2013, Volume 10, Issue 11, p. 1 4574:Genevra Pittman (4 September 2012). 4388: 4379: 4141:. Cham: Springer. pp. 151–162. 3972: 3687: 2330: 2294:"eCFR — Code of Federal Regulations" 2084:The SAGE Encyclopedia of Food Issues 1120: 1080:Organic meat production requirements 747: 584: 488: 413:Canada: Organic Products Regulations 359:Organic Foods Production Act of 1990 86:, industrial solvents, or synthetic 6622:Pretty, J. N.; et al. (2006). 5395: 4626: 3872: 3867:Organic Diets and Children’s Health 3717: 2054:Philpott, Tom (17 September 2009). 1947: 1764:Organic Farming Research Foundation 530:From an environmental perspective, 431:Norway: Debio Organic certification 293: 169:environmental impacts of pesticides 128:From an environmental perspective, 24: 6672:A World Map of Organic Agriculture 6562:. University of California Press. 6481: 5368: 5153:, Organic Trade Association, 2010. 4505:Journal of Food Products Marketing 4420:Stewart, Emily (4 December 2013). 3750:. 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(2008) 2006:Journey to forever online library 1927:Journey to forever online library 974: 942: 410:Australia: NASAA Organic Standard 6452: 6425: 6392: 6370: 6343: 6316: 6281: 6267: 6232: 6218: 6204: 6169: 6155: 6141: 6127: 6113: 6091: 6064: 6042: 6033: 6014: 5994: 5957: 5934: 5882: 5863:Strom, Stephanie (7 July 2012). 5825: 5806: 5775: 5750: 5731: 5709: 5642:"Japanese Organic Market Report" 5640:Motomura, Chika (20 June 2013). 5633: 5566: 5540: 5518: 5492: 5467: 5441: 5415: 5396:Han, Esther (17 November 2013). 5318: 5293: 5182: 5156: 5137: 5130:10.1111/j.1750-3841.2006.00196.x 5104: 5092: 5089:, Ag Professional, 25 June 2013. 5080: 5053: 5027: 5001: 4957:"Organic Livestock Requirements" 4918: 4901: 4851: 4829: 4820: 4771: 4735:The British Journal of Nutrition 4722: 4695: 4474:"What Chinese are worried about" 4036:The British Journal of Nutrition 3817:Krieger RI; et al. 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New York: The Penguin Press. 2127: 2101: 2074: 2047: 2020: 1993: 1968: 1941: 1914: 1871: 1198:Organic Food Development Center 1191:community-supported agriculture 1036:Environmental Protection Agency 5838:USDA Economic Research Service 4176:Annual Review of Public Health 3295:Annual Review of Public Health 2390:"Organic Products Regulations" 2231:. Ams.usda.gov. Archived from 1849:Drinkwater, Laurie E. (2009). 1814: 1751: 1066:determined that prevalence of 681:U.S. Department of Agriculture 600:American Academy of Pediatrics 349:in the United States and does 13: 1: 6049:Typisch.at (RollAMA survey). 6011:Page accessed 3 January 2015. 5889:McEvoy, Miles (20 May 2013). 5373:. EuroMonitor. Archived from 4716:10.1016/j.foodpol.2005.02.001 4518:10.1080/10454446.2020.1792022 4102:10.1080/16546628.2017.1287333 4090:Food & Nutrition Research 3559:Rosen, Joseph D. (May 2010). 3252:10.1080/10408398.2017.1394815 2482:"Debio Organic certification" 2281:Organic Pesticide Ingredients 2108:US EPA, OECA (24 July 2015). 2081:Albala, Ken (27 March 2015). 2033:. Columbia University Press. 1857:. ASA-CSSA-SSSA. p. 19. 1853:. In Francis, Charles (ed.). 1556: 1204:China is the world's biggest 722:Microbiological contamination 290:that arose in the mid-1980s. 6352:"Organic market report 2011" 5600:10.1371/journal.pone.0199025 5547:Revill, John (8 June 2021). 4784:British Journal of Nutrition 4256:Food and Chemical Toxicology 4147:10.1007/978-3-031-46022-7_16 3929:EFSA Supporting Publications 2569:"Ley de Productos Orgánicos" 2060:Grist * A Beacon in the Smog 1691:10.1016/bs.agron.2015.12.003 1110: 1107:as possible and reasonable. 875: 485:Environmental sustainability 314:EU logo for organic products 119:US Department of Agriculture 7: 6821:Environmental controversies 6716: 5893:. Clarksdale: Penton Media. 4395:Australia China Connections 4389:Chen, Jue (February 2014). 3941:10.2903/sp.efsa.2011.EN-176 3744:National Research Council. 3083:Annals of Internal Medicine 2323:National Research Council. 1685:. Academic Press: 319–367. 1502:List of organic food topics 1449: 937:polyunsaturated fatty acids 933:polyunsaturated fatty acids 729:has a preference for using 10: 6837: 3758:. Retrieved 10 April 2006. 3025:10.1038/s41467-019-12622-7 2960:10.1038/s41467-020-19474-6 1909:Journal of Organic Systems 1729:10.1007/s13165-019-00275-1 1627:"National Organic Program" 1432:After the collapse of the 1114: 1027: 643:described in the journal, 523: 303: 297: 203:History of organic farming 200: 194: 105:. Although the produce of 29: 6767: 6751: 6725: 6509:Duram, Leslie A. (2010). 6098:SwissInfo (31 May 2012). 4796:10.1017/S0007114516000349 4747:10.1017/S0007114515005073 4673:10.1080/09637480120092071 4604:10.1080/10408391003721701 4269:10.1016/j.fct.2021.112179 4239:– via ResearchGate. 4237:10.1108/00070700710746803 4048:10.1017/S0007114514001366 3882:. American Cancer Society 3515:10.1080/10408690290825439 3430:10.1080/10408690490911846 3174:10.1186/s12940-017-0315-4 3126:Dangour AD et al. (2009) 2801:10.1038/nature.2013.13214 2755:10.2478/v10102-009-0001-7 2008:. Faber and Faber Limited 1929:. Faber and Faber Limited 1581:. ABC-CLIO. p. 288. 1492:Genetically modified food 1395:During 2022, despite the 1328: 1134:This section needs to be 1074:statistically significant 813:2008 Chinese milk scandal 692:National Research Council 690:A study published by the 113:authorities, such as the 93:In the 21st century, the 5782:Hansen, Nanette (2004). 5506:online. 11 February 2013 5011:. ICROFS. Archived from 4546:12 December 2018 at the 4350:Organic Marketing Report 3774:Environ. Health Perspect 3631:18 February 2013 at the 2134:Pollan, Michael (2006). 1800:"Should you go organic?" 1527:Regenerative agriculture 822: 456:National Organic Program 343:National Organic Program 115:National Organic Program 101:to market their food as 6466:. FAS. USDA. p. 33 5117:Journal of Food Science 3823:Environ Health Perspect 3673:10.1126/science.1411524 3615:DSSTox Official Website 2366:. NASAA. Archived from 1952:. IFOAM. Archived from 1822:"History of food, p. 3" 1652:"Organic certification" 1173: 1058:Bacterial contamination 1047:American Cancer Society 708:American Cancer Society 396:precautionary principle 6323:Organic Centre Wales. 6027:3 January 2015 at the 6007:3 January 2015 at the 5271:10.22610/jsds.v2i3.660 5037:. USDA. Archived from 3701:. USDA. Archived from 3503:Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 3367:10.1542/peds.2012-2579 2867:10.1126/sciadv.1602638 2681:10.1098/rstb.2007.2176 1273: 1210:organic infant formula 1162: 1072:contamination was not 852: 677:maximum residue limits 672: 354: 315: 284:environmental movement 144:may negatively affect 48: 6811:Product certification 6607:. The Penguin Press. 6579:Pesticides on a Plate 5101:, OECD, 25 June 2013. 3835:10.1289/ehp.114-a572a 3005:Nature Communications 2940:Nature Communications 2539:"Organic Foods: MAFF" 2087:. SAGE Publications. 2062:. Grist Magazine, Inc 1267: 1160: 850: 685:Food Standards Agency 651: 608:antibiotic resistance 524:Further information: 425:United Kingdom: DEFRA 351:organic certification 340: 331:special certification 313: 300:Organic certification 99:special certification 43:Organic produce at a 42: 6440:on 27 September 2007 6379:"Farming with Fidel" 5964:Macey, Anne (2007). 5904:Macey, Anne (2007). 5744:14 July 2014 at the 5249:Paull, John (2011). 4932:on 28 September 2015 4225:British Food Journal 3153:Environmental Health 2618:Decoding Food Labels 2255:"Labeling: Preamble" 2000:Howard, Sir Albert. 1921:Howard, Sir Albert. 1878:John, Paull (2006). 1679:Advances in Agronomy 1606:Cornucopia Institute 1542:Organic food culture 1443:genetically modified 1268:As of October 2014, 1015:were elevated, with 905:) (12 studies), and 843:Chemical composition 754:organic food culture 442:Japan: JAS Standards 394:on the basis of the 387:genetically modified 185:conventional farming 142:conventional farming 6759:The Non-GMO Project 6640:2006EnST...40.1114P 6358:on 31 December 2011 6079:on 30 December 2012 5794:on 26 December 2013 5654:on 22 February 2015 5591:2018PLoSO..1399025F 5429:. 20 September 2021 5369:Harney, Alexandra. 5303:New York: Routledge 5203:Ecovia Intelligence 5149:1 June 2013 at the 5035:"Access to pasture" 3665:1992Sci...258..261S 3165:2017EnvHe..16..111M 3077:Smith-Spangler, C; 3017:2019NatCo..10.4641S 2952:2020NatCo..11.6117P 2859:2017SciA....3E2638S 2743:Interdiscip Toxicol 2370:on 16 February 2011 1956:on 24 February 2015 1948:Balfour, Lady Eve. 1911:, 2011, 6(2):13–26. 1903:Paull, John (2011) 1721:2020OrgAg..10..339T 1709:Organic Agriculture 1104:genetic engineering 929:monounsaturated fat 918:omega-3 fatty acids 714:sources or natural 381:, solvents such as 123:European Commission 6785:Ecological farming 6413:on 5 November 2013 6401:"Cuban GMO Vision" 6350:Soil Association. 6020:Soil Association. 5869:The New York Times 5822:: 1 November 2005. 5454:The New York Times 5144:Organic Food Facts 4878:10.3322/caac.21591 4640:. 18 February 2016 4366:watershedpedia.com 4325:10.1079/RAF2005113 3993:on 29 October 2016 3987:novapublishers.com 3865:Alex Avery (2006) 2649:10.3390/su12124859 1478:Agriculture portal 1274: 1163: 1024:Pesticide residues 853: 811:" in 2009 and the 675:pesticide levels ( 625:pesticide residues 619:Pesticide exposure 504:. 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Archived from 5779: 5773: 5772: 5770: 5768: 5754: 5748: 5735: 5729: 5728: 5726: 5724: 5713: 5707: 5701: 5692: 5691: 5689: 5687: 5680:Business Insider 5670: 5664: 5663: 5661: 5659: 5653: 5646: 5637: 5631: 5630: 5620: 5602: 5570: 5564: 5563: 5561: 5559: 5544: 5538: 5537: 5535: 5533: 5522: 5516: 5515: 5513: 5511: 5496: 5490: 5489: 5487: 5485: 5471: 5465: 5464: 5462: 5460: 5445: 5439: 5438: 5436: 5434: 5419: 5413: 5412: 5410: 5408: 5393: 5387: 5386: 5384: 5382: 5366: 5360: 5359: 5357: 5355: 5343: 5337: 5336: 5334: 5332: 5316: 5305: 5297: 5291: 5290: 5288: 5286: 5273: 5255: 5246: 5240: 5239: 5237: 5235: 5224: 5215: 5214: 5212: 5210: 5195: 5189: 5186: 5180: 5179: 5177: 5175: 5160: 5154: 5141: 5135: 5134: 5132: 5123:(9): R117–R124. 5108: 5102: 5096: 5090: 5084: 5078: 5077: 5057: 5051: 5050: 5048: 5046: 5031: 5025: 5024: 5022: 5020: 5005: 4999: 4998: 4996: 4994: 4979: 4973: 4972: 4970: 4968: 4953: 4942: 4941: 4939: 4937: 4922: 4916: 4905: 4899: 4898: 4880: 4855: 4849: 4848: 4846: 4844: 4833: 4827: 4824: 4818: 4817: 4807: 4775: 4769: 4768: 4758: 4726: 4720: 4719: 4699: 4693: 4692: 4656: 4650: 4649: 4647: 4645: 4630: 4624: 4623: 4586: 4580: 4579: 4571: 4562: 4556: 4550: 4537: 4531: 4530: 4520: 4496: 4490: 4489: 4487: 4485: 4472:Wikes, Richard. 4469: 4463: 4462: 4460: 4458: 4444: 4438: 4437: 4435: 4433: 4417: 4411: 4410: 4408: 4406: 4401:on 27 March 2014 4397:. 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Archived from 2251: 2245: 2244: 2242: 2240: 2225: 2219: 2218: 2216: 2214: 2200: 2194: 2193: 2191: 2189: 2174: 2168: 2160: 2154: 2153: 2141: 2131: 2125: 2124: 2122: 2120: 2105: 2099: 2098: 2078: 2072: 2071: 2069: 2067: 2051: 2045: 2044: 2024: 2018: 2017: 2015: 2013: 1997: 1991: 1990: 1988: 1986: 1972: 1966: 1965: 1963: 1961: 1945: 1939: 1938: 1936: 1934: 1918: 1912: 1901: 1895: 1894: 1884: 1875: 1869: 1868: 1846: 1840: 1839: 1838:on 4 March 2016. 1837: 1831:. Archived from 1826: 1818: 1812: 1811: 1809: 1807: 1796: 1775: 1774: 1772: 1770: 1755: 1749: 1748: 1704: 1695: 1694: 1673: 1664: 1663: 1661: 1659: 1648: 1639: 1638: 1636: 1634: 1623: 1614: 1610: 1602: 1592: 1569: 1532:Soil Association 1517:Organic clothing 1480: 1475: 1474: 1473: 1466: 1461: 1460: 1150: 1147: 1141: 1129: 1128: 1121: 953:leafy vegetables 907:alpha-tocopherol 897:) (31 studies), 550:, biodiversity, 517: 514: 496: 489: 416:European Union: 379:food irradiation 294:Legal definition 256:organic movement 233:carbon compounds 225:chemical farming 221:Look to the Land 215:coined the term 213:Lord Northbourne 21: 6836: 6835: 6831: 6830: 6829: 6827: 6826: 6825: 6796: 6795: 6794: 6789: 6763: 6747: 6721: 6715: 6668: 6615: 6597:Pollan, Michael 6589: 6581:. PAN-UK (UK). 6577:PAN-UK (2008). 6570: 6544: 6523: 6502: 6484: 6482:Further reading 6479: 6469: 6467: 6463: 6457: 6453: 6443: 6441: 6430: 6426: 6416: 6414: 6410: 6403: 6397: 6393: 6383: 6381: 6375: 6371: 6361: 6359: 6348: 6344: 6334: 6332: 6321: 6317: 6305: 6303: 6294: 6293: 6287: 6286: 6282: 6273: 6272: 6268: 6256: 6254: 6245: 6244: 6238: 6237: 6233: 6224: 6223: 6219: 6210: 6209: 6205: 6193: 6191: 6182: 6181: 6175: 6174: 6170: 6161: 6160: 6156: 6147: 6146: 6142: 6133: 6132: 6128: 6119: 6118: 6114: 6104: 6102: 6096: 6092: 6082: 6080: 6069: 6065: 6055: 6053: 6047: 6043: 6038: 6034: 6029:Wayback Machine 6019: 6015: 6009:Wayback Machine 6002:Organic Farming 5999: 5995: 5985: 5983: 5979: 5968: 5962: 5958: 5948: 5946: 5939: 5935: 5925: 5923: 5919: 5908: 5902: 5898: 5887: 5883: 5873: 5871: 5861: 5857: 5847: 5845: 5844:on 15 June 2006 5830: 5826: 5811: 5807: 5797: 5795: 5780: 5776: 5766: 5764: 5756: 5755: 5751: 5746:Wayback Machine 5736: 5732: 5722: 5720: 5714: 5710: 5702: 5695: 5685: 5683: 5671: 5667: 5657: 5655: 5651: 5644: 5638: 5634: 5585:(6): e0199025. 5571: 5567: 5557: 5555: 5545: 5541: 5531: 5529: 5524: 5523: 5519: 5509: 5507: 5498: 5497: 5493: 5483: 5481: 5473: 5472: 5468: 5458: 5456: 5446: 5442: 5432: 5430: 5421: 5420: 5416: 5406: 5404: 5394: 5390: 5380: 5378: 5367: 5363: 5353: 5351: 5344: 5340: 5330: 5328: 5317: 5308: 5298: 5294: 5284: 5282: 5253: 5247: 5243: 5233: 5231: 5226: 5225: 5218: 5208: 5206: 5205:. February 2011 5197: 5196: 5192: 5187: 5183: 5173: 5171: 5168:Organic Monitor 5162: 5161: 5157: 5151:Wayback Machine 5142: 5138: 5113:"Organic Foods" 5109: 5105: 5097: 5093: 5085: 5081: 5074: 5058: 5054: 5044: 5042: 5033: 5032: 5028: 5018: 5016: 5007: 5006: 5002: 4992: 4990: 4981: 4980: 4976: 4966: 4964: 4955: 4954: 4945: 4935: 4933: 4924: 4923: 4919: 4906: 4902: 4856: 4852: 4842: 4840: 4835: 4834: 4830: 4825: 4821: 4776: 4772: 4741:(6): 994–1011. 4727: 4723: 4700: 4696: 4657: 4653: 4643: 4641: 4632: 4631: 4627: 4587: 4583: 4572: 4565: 4557: 4553: 4548:Wayback Machine 4538: 4534: 4497: 4493: 4483: 4481: 4470: 4466: 4456: 4454: 4446: 4445: 4441: 4431: 4429: 4418: 4414: 4404: 4402: 4387: 4380: 4370: 4368: 4360: 4359: 4355: 4347: 4343: 4305: 4301: 4248: 4244: 4217: 4213: 4168: 4164: 4157: 4131: 4127: 4082: 4073: 4027: 4006: 3996: 3994: 3981: 3980: 3973: 3966: 3952: 3948: 3926: 3925: 3921: 3911: 3909: 3900: 3899: 3895: 3885: 3883: 3878: 3877: 3873: 3864: 3860: 3815: 3811: 3766: 3762: 3743: 3739: 3734:on 5 June 2011. 3726: 3725: 3718: 3708: 3706: 3705:on 21 July 2011 3695: 3688: 3648: 3642: 3638: 3633:Wayback Machine 3624: 3620: 3612: 3608: 3599: 3598: 3594: 3557: 3553: 3545: 3538: 3499: 3488: 3476: 3453: 3414: 3391: 3346: 3342: 3287: 3283: 3236: 3232: 3224: 3217: 3213: 3212: 3208: 3145: 3134: 3125: 3118: 3075: 3050: 2997: 2993: 2932: 2925: 2915: 2913: 2905: 2904: 2900: 2853:(3): e1602638. 2839: 2824: 2814: 2812: 2784: 2780: 2735: 2731: 2721: 2719: 2711: 2710: 2706: 2661: 2657: 2628: 2624: 2616: 2615: 2611: 2602: 2601: 2597: 2592: 2588: 2578: 2576: 2573:www.cnpo.org.mx 2567: 2566: 2562: 2552: 2550: 2537: 2536: 2532: 2522: 2520: 2516: 2515: 2511: 2502: 2501: 2497: 2487: 2485: 2480: 2479: 2475: 2465: 2463: 2454: 2453: 2449: 2439: 2437: 2432: 2431: 2427: 2417: 2415: 2410: 2409: 2405: 2395: 2393: 2388: 2387: 2383: 2373: 2371: 2362: 2361: 2357: 2348: 2344: 2335: 2331: 2322: 2318: 2309: 2305: 2292: 2291: 2287: 2278: 2274: 2264: 2262: 2253: 2252: 2248: 2238: 2236: 2227: 2226: 2222: 2212: 2210: 2202: 2201: 2197: 2187: 2185: 2176: 2175: 2171: 2161: 2157: 2150: 2132: 2128: 2118: 2116: 2106: 2102: 2095: 2079: 2075: 2065: 2063: 2052: 2048: 2041: 2025: 2021: 2011: 2009: 1998: 1994: 1984: 1982: 1974: 1973: 1969: 1959: 1957: 1946: 1942: 1932: 1930: 1919: 1915: 1902: 1898: 1882: 1876: 1872: 1865: 1847: 1843: 1835: 1824: 1820: 1819: 1815: 1805: 1803: 1798: 1797: 1778: 1768: 1766: 1758:Lowell, Vicki. 1756: 1752: 1705: 1698: 1674: 1667: 1657: 1655: 1650: 1649: 1642: 1632: 1630: 1625: 1624: 1617: 1613: 1600: 1589: 1570: 1563: 1559: 1554: 1476: 1471: 1469: 1462: 1455: 1452: 1426: 1331: 1262: 1176: 1151: 1145: 1142: 1139: 1130: 1126: 1119: 1113: 1092:growth hormones 1087: 1082: 1060: 1032: 1026: 977: 945: 878: 845: 825: 769:food production 750: 727:Organic farming 724: 712:microbiological 666: 663: 658: 640:carcinogenicity 621: 616: 614:Consumer safety 587: 538:and the use of 528: 518: 512: 509: 502:needs expansion 487: 458:(NOP) Standards 454:United States: 363:growth hormones 324:organic farming 308: 302: 296: 276:organic farming 260:The Living Soil 237:superphosphates 217:organic farming 205: 199: 197:Organic farming 193: 107:kitchen gardens 68:organic farming 60:biological food 56:ecological food 45:farmers' market 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6834: 6824: 6823: 6818: 6813: 6808: 6791: 6790: 6788: 6787: 6782: 6777: 6771: 6769: 6765: 6764: 6762: 6761: 6755: 6753: 6749: 6748: 6746: 6745: 6743:Heirloom plant 6740: 6735: 6729: 6727: 6723: 6722: 6714: 6713: 6706: 6699: 6691: 6685: 6684: 6679: 6674: 6667: 6666:External links 6664: 6663: 6662: 6619: 6613: 6593: 6587: 6574: 6568: 6552:Nestle, Marion 6548: 6542: 6527: 6521: 6506: 6500: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6477: 6451: 6424: 6391: 6377:Auld, Alison. 6369: 6342: 6315: 6280: 6266: 6231: 6217: 6203: 6168: 6154: 6140: 6126: 6112: 6090: 6063: 6041: 6032: 6013: 5993: 5982:on 28 May 2008 5956: 5933: 5922:on 28 May 2008 5896: 5881: 5855: 5824: 5819:New York Times 5805: 5774: 5749: 5730: 5708: 5693: 5665: 5632: 5565: 5539: 5517: 5491: 5466: 5440: 5414: 5388: 5361: 5338: 5306: 5292: 5264:(3): 111–120. 5241: 5216: 5190: 5181: 5155: 5136: 5103: 5091: 5079: 5072: 5052: 5026: 5000: 4974: 4943: 4917: 4900: 4871:(4): 245–271. 4850: 4828: 4819: 4790:(6): 1043–60. 4770: 4721: 4694: 4651: 4625: 4598:(6): 571–582. 4581: 4563: 4551: 4532: 4511:(6): 401–424. 4491: 4480:. Pew Research 4464: 4452:Dynamic Export 4439: 4412: 4378: 4353: 4341: 4319:(4): 193–205. 4299: 4242: 4211: 4182:(1): 295–313. 4162: 4155: 4125: 4096:(1): 1287333. 4071: 4004: 3971: 3964: 3946: 3919: 3893: 3871: 3858: 3809: 3760: 3737: 3728:"Organic food" 3716: 3686: 3636: 3618: 3606: 3592: 3571:(3): 270–277. 3551: 3536: 3486: 3451: 3389: 3340: 3281: 3246:(4): 704–714. 3230: 3206: 3132: 3116: 3089:(5): 348–366. 3048: 2991: 2923: 2898: 2822: 2778: 2729: 2704: 2655: 2636:Sustainability 2622: 2609: 2595: 2586: 2560: 2543:www.maff.go.jp 2530: 2509: 2495: 2473: 2447: 2425: 2403: 2381: 2355: 2342: 2329: 2316: 2303: 2285: 2272: 2261:on 14 May 2013 2246: 2220: 2195: 2184:. 24 July 2015 2169: 2155: 2148: 2126: 2100: 2093: 2073: 2046: 2039: 2019: 1992: 1976:"Lady Balfour" 1967: 1940: 1913: 1896: 1870: 1863: 1841: 1813: 1776: 1760:"Organic FAQs" 1750: 1715:(3): 339–358. 1696: 1665: 1640: 1615: 1612: 1611: 1593: 1587: 1571: 1560: 1558: 1555: 1553: 1552: 1544: 1539: 1534: 1529: 1524: 1519: 1514: 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429: 426: 423: 414: 411: 392:nanotechnology 371:food additives 298:Main article: 295: 292: 229:animal manures 192: 189: 162:drinking water 134:overproduction 121:(USDA) or the 95:European Union 88:food additives 62:are foods and 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6833: 6822: 6819: 6817: 6814: 6812: 6809: 6807: 6804: 6803: 6801: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6778: 6776: 6773: 6772: 6770: 6766: 6760: 6757: 6756: 6754: 6752:Organizations 6750: 6744: 6741: 6739: 6736: 6734: 6731: 6730: 6728: 6724: 6720: 6712: 6707: 6705: 6700: 6698: 6693: 6692: 6689: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6673: 6670: 6669: 6659: 6655: 6650: 6645: 6641: 6637: 6633: 6629: 6625: 6620: 6616: 6610: 6605: 6604: 6598: 6594: 6590: 6584: 6580: 6575: 6571: 6565: 6560: 6559: 6553: 6549: 6545: 6539: 6535: 6534: 6528: 6524: 6518: 6514: 6513: 6507: 6503: 6497: 6493: 6492: 6486: 6485: 6462: 6455: 6439: 6435: 6428: 6409: 6402: 6395: 6380: 6373: 6357: 6353: 6346: 6330: 6326: 6319: 6311: 6298: 6290: 6284: 6276: 6270: 6262: 6249: 6241: 6235: 6227: 6221: 6213: 6207: 6199: 6186: 6178: 6172: 6164: 6158: 6150: 6144: 6136: 6130: 6122: 6116: 6101: 6094: 6078: 6074: 6071:BIO AUSTRIA. 6067: 6052: 6045: 6036: 6030: 6026: 6023: 6017: 6010: 6006: 6003: 5997: 5978: 5974: 5967: 5960: 5944: 5937: 5918: 5914: 5907: 5900: 5892: 5885: 5870: 5866: 5859: 5843: 5839: 5835: 5828: 5821: 5820: 5815: 5809: 5793: 5789: 5785: 5778: 5763: 5759: 5753: 5747: 5743: 5740: 5734: 5719: 5712: 5706: 5700: 5698: 5682: 5681: 5676: 5669: 5650: 5643: 5636: 5628: 5624: 5619: 5614: 5610: 5606: 5601: 5596: 5592: 5588: 5584: 5580: 5576: 5569: 5554: 5550: 5543: 5527: 5521: 5505: 5501: 5495: 5480: 5476: 5470: 5455: 5451: 5444: 5428: 5424: 5418: 5403: 5399: 5392: 5377:on 8 May 2014 5376: 5372: 5365: 5349: 5342: 5327:on 8 May 2014 5326: 5322: 5315: 5313: 5311: 5304: 5301: 5296: 5281: 5277: 5272: 5267: 5263: 5259: 5252: 5245: 5229: 5223: 5221: 5204: 5200: 5194: 5185: 5169: 5165: 5159: 5152: 5148: 5145: 5140: 5131: 5126: 5122: 5118: 5114: 5107: 5100: 5095: 5088: 5083: 5075: 5069: 5065: 5064: 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