241:
24:
625:, p. 106: "Fréquemment assimilés aux Hilotes étaient surtout les Pénestes de Thessalie. Comme eux, ils passaient pour les descendants d'une population locale d'origine achéenne (de même que les Magnètes et les Perrhèbes voisins) vaincue vers la fin du II millénaire par une tribu grecque nord-occidentale venue de Thesprotie près de l'Épire : bien que les Anciens aient pensé que le terme péneste dérivait soit de l'adjectif
562:, p. 158: "Pelagones in the region of Prilep, the Lyncestae in the region of Florina, the Orestae in the region of Kastoria, and the Elimeotae in the region of Kozani. These tribes were all Epirotic tribes and they talked the Greek language but with a different dialect, the Northwest Greek dialect, as we know now from the local questions which were put to the god of Dodona."
510:, p. 266: "On crossing the Balkan chain, we find that Hecataeus called the Orestae 'a Molossian tribe' (F 107), and Strabo (434; cf. 326) probably derived from Hecataeus his belief that the Elimeotae, Lyncestae, and Pelagones, as well as the Orestae, were Epirotic or rather Molossian tribes before their incorporation by the Macedones into the Macedonian kingdom."
273:-Poloskë valley to the east of the pass was part of Orestia. Papazoglou adds that the mountains of Morava (between Korcë plain and Poloskë basin) and Grammos probably formed the border with Dassaretia and Parauaia. Karamitrou-Mentesidi is in favour of an excessive western expansion on lake Maliq and the region of today's
330:
Orestis, like the rest of Upper
Macedonia, was characterized by cold winters with rainfalls that were very heavy, and hot summers. In this region life was hard and mainly a matter of survival. According to the season of the year, the mostly nomadic pastoralist people of the area moved their flocks of
252:
There is an overall agreement only for the eastern borders of the region, while about the rest of the
Orestis' border areas there is some disagreement in scholarship. For Hammond, Orestis to the southeast ended after the point where the Pramoritsa flows into the Haliacmon (near
326:
Orestis was among the regions of Upper
Macedonia where the inhabitants were tribal peoples, who gave their name to the territory which was under their control, or alternatively who took their name from that territory. The tribal people that inhabited Orestis were the Orestae.
277:. In general modern scholarship agrees on the western border of Orestis being found slightly west from the modern Greek-Albanian border. The northern boundary of Orestis corresponded to the southern shore of Small Prespa Lake.
343:
findings (both imported and locally made) from the late Bronze Age have been unearthed from various tombs in the region of
Orestis. These include pottery, weapons, pins, brooches, as well as
350:
Appian and Hesiod mention about the origins of the Argead dynasty of the
Macedonian royal house that they were descendants of Argeas from Orestis, the later being son of the eponymous
633:
signifiant «rester», on le rattache plutôt aujourd'hui au nom d'une tribu illyrienne qui, avec celles des
Lyncestes et des Orestes (comportant le même suffixe
319:
to the west. Orestis formed the western border of Upper
Macedonia, and Illyrians beyond this district constituted a persistent menace to the stability of the
946:, 33.34.5: "To the Orestae — that is a tribe of the Macedonians — their own laws were restored, because they had been the first to revolt against the king."
1128:
Hammond, Nicholas
Geoffrey Lemprière (1982). "CHAPTER 40 ILLYRIS, EPIRUS AND MACEDONIA". In Boardman, John; Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (eds.).
419:
possibly seeking protection from
Illyrian tribes but also due to the expansion of Macedon. Like most of Upper Macedonia, Orestis only became part of
1049:. Annales littéraires de l'Université de Besançon. Centre de recherches d'histoire ancienne. Vol. 128. Presses Univ. Franche-Comté.
864:
447:
1599:
1624:
1553:
1494:
1385:
1334:
1292:
1261:
1178:
924:
574:, p. 74: "The western Greek people (with affinities to the Epirotic tribes) in Orestis, Lyncus, and parts of Pelagonia."
1604:
94:, or a like-named son of his; though, the historical value of this myth is not acknowledged, and is considered improbable.
1083:
473:(r. 221–179 BC), declared the Orestae free because they had supported the Roman cause in the recent war against Macedon.
1313:
1629:
1532:
1357:
1139:
1107:
1054:
983:
881:
1170:
1460:
1614:
1473:
1209:
359:
331:
cattle, goats and sheep to the various pasture lands. The region of
Orestis was rich in summer pastures.
1272:
1253:
Brill's Companion to Ancient Macedon: Studies in the Archaeology and History of Macedon, 650 BC – 300 AD
1594:
1578:
1152:
Epirus: The Geography, the Ancient Remains, the History and the Topography of Epirus and Adjacent Areas
1427:"Πόλεις and Πολιτεῖαι in upper Macedonia under the Principate: A new inscription from Lyke in Orestis"
1609:
451:
1619:
47:
1072:
Filos, Panagiotis (2018). "Linguistic Aspects of Epirote Ethnics". In Domínguez, Adolfo J. (ed.).
1134:
Vol. III, Part 3 (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 261–285.
1131:
The Cambridge Ancient History: The Expansion of the Greek World, Eighth to Sixth Centuries B.C.
416:
83:
1505:
995:"Agrarian and Power Landscapes in Epeiros during the Late Classical and Hellenistic Periods"
994:
550:, p. 703: "The Orestae were Molossian (as we know from a fourth-century inscription)."
459:
431:
424:
385:
258:
127:
8:
470:
351:
240:
1273:"Recent Research in the Ancient Macedonian Dialect: Consolidation and New Perspectives"
1024:
443:
320:
245:
28:
217:, where the ancient settlement of Lyke was located. Orestis bordered to the southwest
1549:
1528:
1490:
1469:
1448:
1407:
1381:
1353:
1330:
1309:
1288:
1257:
1250:
Hatzopoulos, M. B. (2011). "Macedonia and Macedonians". In Lane Fox, Robin J. (ed.).
1231:
1174:
1135:
1103:
1079:
1060:
1050:
1028:
1016:
979:
405:
299:, forming its heartland in the Archaic and early Classical periods. It bordered with
214:
177:
489:, while depictions of the goddess are found in various parts of the Orestis region.
1438:
1280:
1221:
1160:
1102:. Textes à l'appui / Histoire classique (in French) (2nd ed.). La Découverte.
1006:
397:
340:
288:(Kelethron), Diokliteionopolis, while epigraphic evidence cofirms the existence of
423:
after the early 4th century BC. This change possible happened during the reign of
1543:
1522:
1484:
1375:
1345:
1324:
1303:
1251:
1164:
1150:
1129:
1118:
1097:
1073:
1044:
973:
942:
355:
296:
152:. Some scholars have alternatively suggested that it derives from the Greek noun
43:
1189:
378:
281:
98:
63:
51:
39:
1284:
193:
It is generally agreed that the region of Orestis encompassed the area around
1588:
1452:
1396:
1235:
1064:
1020:
374:
194:
1226:
466:
266:
1443:
1426:
434:, the lover and assassin of Philip II, and three of Alexander's prominent
280:
Some important cities in the Orestis region based on ancient sources were
1093:
371:
168:
530:) in Epirus, which originated in northern Pindus including the Orestae,
1011:
937:
876:
409:
388:
and later Strabo identified the Orestea as Molossian population of the
254:
222:
218:
67:
439:
316:
308:
300:
234:
198:
23:
1302:
Heckel, Waldemar; Heinrichs, Johannes; Müller, Sabine, eds. (2020).
794:
534:
1 F 107) and expanded southwards, reaching the Ambraciote Gulf (see
1570:
455:
435:
367:
344:
312:
285:
262:
226:
17:
274:
257:), while for Papazoglou it extended southwest of this point up to
746:
482:
420:
304:
289:
270:
230:
210:
91:
265:. For Papazoglou, the border with Dassaretia was defined by the
82:
According to the tradition of the Orestae, which is recorded by
1468:(in Greek). Thessaloniki: Society of Macedonian Studies. 1989.
1323:
Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Antony; Eidinow, Esther (2012) .
978:(Revised ed.). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
848:
401:
400:
bearing the common Orestian name "Antiochus", was found in the
393:
389:
363:
201:
basin. The region was bounded geographically by the mountains
87:
55:
736:
734:
732:
408:, a thousand Orestians led by King Antiochus, accompanied the
1343:
415:
Around 370-365 BC Orestis was associated with the kingdom of
206:
153:
137:
131:
102:
31:
with Orestis located in the western districts of the kingdom.
692:
690:
688:
686:
213:
and it extended to Prespa Lakes basin, in particular around
729:
202:
1322:
717:
519:
97:
The tribal name of the Orestae appears to derive from the
1344:
Karamitrou-Mentesidi, Georgia; Moschakis, Kostas (2014).
707:
705:
683:
659:
171:
465:
The region became independent again in 196 BC, when the
454:, and the sons of a noble from Orestis named Alexander;
1462:
Historical Geography of the Roman Province of Macedonia
244:
Orestis in the south-west of the traditional region of
1506:"The City of Pelion and the Illyrian War of Alexander"
702:
180:
1301:
800:
1346:"Medicine in Aeani and Upper Macedonia in Antiquity"
1120:
Collected Studies: Further Studies on Various Topics
649:
647:
645:
643:
770:
481:An inscription from the upper Devoll valley, lists
1541:
1075:Politics, Territory and Identity in Ancient Epirus
975:In the Shadow of Olympus: The Emergence of Macedon
894:
836:
604:
1350:Medicine and Healing in the Ancient Mediterranean
1329:(4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
758:
640:
1586:
1210:"On the Historical Geography of Upper Macedonia"
526:, common name of tribes forming a tribal state (
1409:Myth and History: The Case of Ancient Macedonia
637:) vivait autour des lacs d'Ohrid et de Prespa."
1424:
923:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSamsaris1989 (
677:
1395:Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert (1940).
1207:
1187:
1149:Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (1967).
1117:Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (2001).
955:
752:
740:
723:
582:
580:
221:and other Epirotic peoples, to the northwest
1394:
503:
501:
354:. The Argeads then wandered from Orestis to
1520:
1270:
1249:
824:
812:
788:
665:
1542:Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (2010).
1486:Les villes de Macédoine à l'époque romaine
1482:
696:
577:
1442:
1412:. University of Thessaloniki. p. 146
1225:
1010:
992:
906:
498:
130:; compare to the similar Greek compounds
1489:(in French). Ecole française d'Athènes.
1279:. Berlin: De Gruyter. pp. 299–328.
918:
520:Hornblower, Spawforth & Eidinow 2012
295:Orestis was traditionally a district of
239:
142:(also a personal name), which also mean
22:
1425:Nigdelis, P. M.; Souris, G. A. (1997).
1405:
1159:
1148:
1127:
1116:
711:
586:
559:
547:
507:
358:, where they founded the ancient Greek
1587:
1503:
1092:
622:
46:, corresponding roughly to the modern
1071:
1042:
971:
610:
598:
571:
1373:
776:
764:
653:
1510:Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies
999:Gerión. Revista de Historia Antigua
801:Heckel, Heinrichs & Müller 2020
629:signifiant «pauvre», soit du verbe
13:
1564:
1271:Hatzopoulos, Miltiades B. (2017).
1123:. Vol. V. Amsterdam: Hakkert.
126:, as does the Greek personal name
14:
1641:
1277:Studies in Ancient Greek Dialects
1256:. Leiden: Brill. pp. 43–50.
16:For the modern municipality, see
1545:A Companion to Ancient Macedonia
1208:Hatzinikolaou, Kalliopi (2011).
1188:Hatzinikolaou, Kalliopi (2007).
882:History of the Peloponnesian War
1326:The Oxford Classical Dictionary
949:
931:
912:
900:
888:
870:
858:
842:
830:
818:
806:
782:
671:
1600:Geography of ancient Macedonia
1155:. Oxford: The Clarendon Press.
1099:Les esclaves en Grèce ancienne
895:Roisman & Worthington 2010
837:Roisman & Worthington 2010
616:
592:
565:
553:
541:
513:
90:, their name was derived from
1:
964:
366:, Argos Orestikon (in modern
1625:Historical regions in Greece
1483:Papazoglou, Fanoula (1988).
492:
430:Natives of the region were:
384:Both 6th century geographer
188:
181:
172:
167:, suffixed with the typical
77:
7:
1605:Kingdoms in Greek Antiquity
1305:Lexicon of Argead Makedonia
476:
66:tribe that was part of the
58:. Its inhabitants were the
42:: Ὀρεστίς) was a region of
10:
1646:
1401:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
1308:. Frank & Timme GmbH.
1190:"Cults of Upper Macedonia"
993:Dominguez, Adolfo (2022).
678:Nigdelis & Souris 1997
377:, was the homeland of the
334:
154:
138:
132:
103:
15:
1548:. John Wiley & Sons.
1527:. Yale University Press.
1521:Worthington, Ian (2008).
1406:Mallios, Giorgos (2011).
1285:10.1515/9783110532135-016
1046:Les Pénestes de Thessalie
972:Borza, Eugene N. (1992).
1630:Kastoria (regional unit)
1504:Vujčić, Nemanja (2021).
392:group. A 6th century BC
1398:A Greek-English Lexicon
1374:King, Carol J. (2017).
601:, pp. 292, 294–295
1524:Philip II of Macedonia
1227:10.12681/makedonika.58
1166:A History of Macedonia
404:sanctuary. During the
249:
48:Kastoria regional unit
32:
1615:Second Macedonian War
1444:10.12681/tekmeria.120
243:
233:and to the southeast
26:
1043:Ducat, Jean (1994).
755:, pp. 9–10, 19.
432:Pausanias of Orestis
425:Philip II of Macedon
362:. Also according to
589:, pp. 111, 311
370:), rather than the
311:to the south-east,
307:to the north-east,
229:, to the northeast
1012:10.5209/geri.82776
958:, pp. 139–141
956:Hatzinikolaou 2007
827:, pp. 314–324
753:Hatzinikolaou 2011
741:Hatzinikolaou 2011
724:Hatzinikolaou 2011
469:, after defeating
444:Seleucus I Nicator
442:(son of Orontes),
360:kingdom of Macedon
321:Kingdom of Macedon
315:to the south, and
250:
101:plain appellative
33:
29:Kingdom of Macedon
1595:Ancient Orestians
1555:978-1-4051-7936-2
1496:978-2-86958-014-5
1387:978-1-351-71031-2
1377:Ancient Macedonia
1336:978-0-19-954556-8
1294:978-3-11-053213-5
1263:978-90-04-20650-2
1180:978-0-19-814294-2
1161:Hammond, N. G. L.
537:
485:with the epithet
406:Peloponnesian War
215:Small Prespa Lake
1637:
1610:Orestis (region)
1559:
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1089:
1078:. Edizioni ETS.
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989:
959:
953:
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339:An abundance of
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147:mountain dweller
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111:mountain dweller
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105:
70:tribal state or
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1620:Upper Macedonia
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1584:
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1565:Further reading
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1556:
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1352:. Oxbow Books.
1337:
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1171:Clarendon Press
1169:. Vol. 1.
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1085:978-884675415-8
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943:Ab Urbe Condita
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865:PAAH (1929) 122
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807:
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783:
779:, pp. 5–6.
775:
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739:
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697:Papazoglou 1988
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356:Lower Macedonia
337:
297:Upper Macedonia
282:Argos Orestikon
191:
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44:Upper Macedonia
21:
12:
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5:
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1194:Didaktorika.gr
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1005:(2): 463–494.
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911:
907:Dominguez 2022
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887:
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829:
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805:
803:, p. 372.
793:
781:
769:
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743:, pp. 10.
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379:Argead dynasty
347:inscriptions.
336:
333:
303:to the north,
225:, to the west
197:and the upper
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187:
79:
76:
52:West Macedonia
9:
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4:
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2:
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1575:The Histories
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1380:. Routledge.
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623:Garlan 1995
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121:mountaineer
50:located in
27:Map of the
1589:Categories
1475:9607265017
1214:Makedonika
965:References
938:Titus Livy
877:Thucydides
611:Ducat 1994
599:Filos 2018
572:Borza 1992
460:Amphoterus
410:Parauaeans
269:while the
255:Trapezitsa
223:Dassaretia
219:Molossians
169:West Greek
1453:1791-7573
1437:: 55–63.
1236:2241-2018
1096:(1995) .
1065:1625-0443
1029:253825174
1021:1988-3080
777:King 2017
765:King 2017
654:King 2017
493:Footnotes
487:Syvonnike
448:Antiochus
440:Perdiccas
386:Hecataeus
341:Mycenaean
317:Illyrians
309:Elimiotis
301:Lynkestis
246:Macedonia
235:Elimiotis
199:Haliacmon
189:Geography
139:ὀρέσ-βιος
84:Theagenes
78:Etymology
68:Molossian
1571:Polybius
1431:Tekmeria
1163:(1972).
536:AMBRACIA
477:Religion
471:Philip V
456:Craterus
446:(son of
436:diadochi
368:Orestida
345:Linear B
313:Tymphaea
286:Celetrum
263:Siatista
227:Parauaia
178:Illyrian
162:mountain
18:Orestida
1579:18.47.6
885:, 2.80.
524:Molossi
483:Artemis
452:Ptolemy
421:Macedon
396:finger
390:Epirote
352:Macedon
335:History
305:Eordaia
290:Battyna
271:Bilisht
231:Eordaea
211:Grammos
128:Orestes
104:ὀρέστης
92:Orestes
60:Orestae
36:Orestis
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631:menein
528:koinon
467:Romans
417:Epirus
402:Dodona
394:silver
364:Appian
173:-estae
88:Strabo
72:koinon
56:Greece
1466:(PDF)
1220:: 1.
1025:S2CID
627:pénès
375:Argos
275:Korcë
207:Vitsi
99:Greek
62:, an
40:Greek
1550:ISBN
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1017:ISSN
980:ISBN
925:help
635:-st-
532:FGrH
458:and
398:ring
261:and
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203:Voio
182:-st-
155:ὄρος
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