40:
270:
286:
308:
167:
258:
348:
175:
153:
axial rather than radial, and simplifies design of the piston crowns. In the Jumo 205 and its variants, the upper crankshaft serves the exhaust pistons, and the lower crankshaft the intake pistons. In designs using multiple cylinder banks, each big end bearing serves one inlet and one exhaust piston, using a forked connecting rod for the exhaust piston.
243:
in the United
Kingdom built large opposed-piston engines for marine use, with the first Doxford engine being installed in a ship in 1921. This diesel engine used a single crankshaft at one end of the cylinders and a crosshead for the opposing piston. After World War I, these engines were produced in
212:
around 1900. In April 1904, a Gobron-Brillié car powered by the opposed-piston engine was the first car ever to exceed 150 km/h with a "World's Record Speed" of 152.5 km/h (95 mph). On 17 July 1904, the Gobron-Brillié car became the first to exceed 100 mph (161 km/h) for the
336:
The latest (November 2021) version of the
Fairbanks-Morse 38 8-1/8 is known as the FM 38D 8-1/8 Diesel and Dual Fuel. This two-stroke opposed-piston engine retains the same extra-heavy-duty design and has a rated in-service lifespan of more than 40 years, but now the optional capability of burning
232:
In 1914, the
Simpson's Balanced Two-Stroke motorcycle engine was another opposed-piston engine using a single crankshaft beneath the centre of the cylinders with both pistons connected by levers. This engine was a crankcase compression design, with one piston used to uncover the transfer port, and
506:
A variation of the opposed-piston design is the free-piston engine, which was first patented in 1934. Free piston engines have no crankshaft, and the pistons are returned after each firing stroke by compression and expansion of air in a separate cylinder. Early applications were for use as an air
220:
car, which appears to have been first installed in their 10 hp buckboard c1900. The engine was described and illustrated in some detail in the account of their 12-15 hp car exhibited at the 1905 Olympia Motor-Show. The engine was a four-stroke with two cylinders (with opposed pistons in
152:
engines used one piston per cylinder to expose an intake port, and the other to expose an exhaust port. Each piston is referred to as either an intake piston or an exhaust piston, depending on its function in this regard. This layout gives superior scavenging, as gas flow through the cylinder is
228:
in Russia. The designer, Raymond A. Koreyvo, patented the engine in France on 6 November 1907 and displayed the engine at international exhibitions, but it did not reach production. The
Kolomna design used a typical layout of two crankshafts connected by gearing.
197:
In 1898, an
Oechelhäuser two-stroke opposed-piston engine producing 600 hp (447 kW) was installed at the Hoerde ironworks. This design of engine was also produced under licence by manufacturers including Deutsche Kraftgas Gesellschaft in Germany and
355:
Also released in 1954 was the Napier Deltic engine for military boats. It uses three crankshafts, one at each corner, to form the three banks of double-ended cylinders arranged in an equilateral triangle. The Deltic engine was used in
372:
to take part in designing FDNY’s super pumper and its companion tender. DeLaval
Turbine was commissioned to design a multistage centrifugal pump with a Napier-Deltic T18-37C diesel to power the pumps.
1181:
67:. Petrol and diesel opposed-piston engines have been used mostly in large-scale applications such as ships, military tanks, and factories. Current manufacturers of opposed-piston engines include
141:
The main drawback was that the power from the two opposing pistons have to be geared together. This added weight and complexity when compared to conventional piston engines, which use a single
88:
333:, originally designed in Germany in the 1930s, was used in U.S. submarines in the 1940s and 1950s, and in boats from the 1930s-present. It was also used in locomotives from 1944.
442:
published a technical paper citing a 30% fuel economy improvement when its engine was benchmarked against a next-generation diesel engine equipped with advanced technologies.
115:
Compared to contemporary two-stroke engines, which used a conventional design of one piston per cylinder, the advantages of the opposed-piston engine have been recognized as:
269:
1142:
244:
a number of models, such as the P and J series, with outputs as high as 20,000 hp (14,914 kW). Production of
Doxford engines in the UK ceased in 1980.
1257:
148:
The most common layout was two crankshafts, with the crankshafts geared together (in either the same direction or opposing directions). The
Koreyvo, Jumo, and
285:
344:
three-cylinder diesel truck engines, released in 1954, have a single crankshaft beneath the centre of the cylinders with both pistons connected by levers.
1219:
379:
19 L (1,159 cu in) six-cylinder diesel engine was introduced. The L60 was produced in the United
Kingdom for use in the Chieftain tank.
492:
to complete the development of the
Advanced Combat Engine (ACE), a modular and scalable diesel engine solution that uses opposed-piston technology.
872:
969:
1250:
1120:
1159:
749:
205:
In 1901, the Kansas City Lightning Balanced Gas and Gasoline Engines were gasoline engines producing 4–25 hp (3–19 kW).
134:
designs (however later advancements have provided methods for achieving uniflow scavenging in conventional piston engine designs).
405:
Malyshev Factory continued development and production of opposed-piston engines for armored vehicles, such as the three-cylinder
251:
aircraft engine built in Germany, which had two crankshafts, not using a design similar to the 1900–1922 Gobron-Brillié engines.
330:
291:
1807:
1243:
1084:
421:
406:
387:
17:
307:
213:
flying kilometre. The engine used a single crankshaft at one end of the cylinders and a crosshead for the opposing piston.
1053:
337:
dual fuels (gaseous and liquid fuels, with automatic switchover to full diesel if the gas supply runs out) is available.
190:, which has a power stroke on every rotation of the crankshaft (compared with every second rotation for the contemporary
187:
1817:
1368:
1061:
565:
1802:
402:
1812:
797:
733:
615:
257:
199:
811:
130:
movement of gas through the combustion chamber, which avoided the drawbacks associated with the contemporary
1016:
1461:
1388:
39:
793:
The Oechelhauser Gas Engine in Great Britain: Paper Read Before the Glasgow University Engineering Society
221:
each) with the crankshaft underneath and the pistons connected by lever arms to the two-throw crankshaft.
131:
1284:
858:
880:
127:
1797:
240:
123:
and valve-train, which reduces weight, complexity, cost, heat loss, and friction loss of the engine.
1538:
1378:
225:
677:
1208:"Diesel Air pamphlet" (Press release). Olney, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom: Diesel Air. 2002.
1533:
1488:
1398:
1331:
463:
1523:
1518:
1498:
1423:
1383:
1326:
1321:
977:
845:
361:
357:
1128:
1528:
1508:
1503:
1493:
1471:
1413:
1304:
1299:
1266:
1235:
8:
1762:
1586:
1513:
1408:
1358:
1167:
530:
471:
452:
1581:
1451:
1446:
1403:
1341:
501:
489:
643:
1571:
1456:
1441:
1418:
1057:
729:
561:
557:
56:
1220:"U.S. Army Awards Cummins Inc. $ 87M Contract to Deliver the Advanced Combat Engine"
276:
209:
1561:
1556:
597:
398:
248:
234:
179:
1092:
233:
the other to open the exhaust port. The advantage of this design was to avoid the
1576:
1566:
1480:
1433:
1336:
1047:
926:
791:
551:
459:
166:
76:
1346:
620:
478:
317:
217:
1731:
1726:
1701:
1696:
669:
1791:
1757:
1747:
1604:
1393:
1311:
1270:
525:
456:
439:
295:
149:
120:
72:
64:
52:
991:
1289:
1106:
941:
699:
347:
1548:
1353:
1294:
601:
508:
426:
411:
392:
386:
tank, produced from 1963–1987, also used an opposed-piston diesel engine
376:
369:
313:
87:
31:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1636:
1624:
1363:
1316:
365:
341:
191:
142:
589:
224:
The first diesel engine with opposed pistons was a prototype built at
208:
An early opposed-piston car engine was produced by the French company
1706:
1643:
1631:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1186:
520:
174:
1772:
1767:
1752:
1688:
1596:
587:
474:
432:
27:
Combustion engine using disks compressing fuel in the same cylinder
812:"Struck by Lightning: The Kansas City Hay Press Co. - Gas Engines"
1224:
1024:
485:
467:
68:
588:
Foster, D.; Herold, R.; Lemke, J.; Regner, G.; Wahl, M. (2011).
553:
Opposed Piston Engines: Evolution, Use, and Future Applications
60:
1143:"The Greatest Fire Pumper the World Has Known (Fire Rescue 1)"
590:"Thermodynamic Benefits of Opposed-Piston Two-Stroke Engines"
445:
417:
1265:
216:
Another early opposed piston car engine was in the Scottish
790:
Stokes, Jason W. B.; Cunningham, Jason (11 November 1909).
616:"Start-Ups Work to Reinvent the Internal Combustion Engine"
383:
237:
for pistons used by most two-stroke engines at that time.
1121:"Rootes-Lister – TS3 Horizontally Opposed Piston Engine"
1182:"Two-stroke Opposed Piston Internal Combustion Engine"
247:
Later opposed-piston diesel engines include the 1932
186:
One of the first opposed-piston engines was the 1882
750:"Atkinson Differential Engine Replica - Gas Engines"
1154:
1152:
1107:"Fairbanks-Morse FM 38D 8-1/8 Diesel and Dual Fuel"
865:
420:, various upgrades of the 5TD and the six-cylinder
91:Schematic of a supercharged opposed-piston engine
1789:
1149:
992:"PatOP: Single-Crankshaft Opposed-Piston Engine"
909:"The New Arrol-Johnston Petrol Car – Part III".
789:
368:mine sweepers. Beginning in 1962, Gibbs invited
894:"The New Arrol-Johnston Petrol Car – Part II".
364:locomotives and to power fast patrol boats and
1052:. Mechanical Engineering Publications for the
194:engine), but it was not a commercial success.
1251:
964:
962:
670:"TROPE : Toroidal Opposed Piston Engine"
462:, designed and produced by Diesel Air Ltd of
170:Animation of the Atkinson differential engine
924:"A Horizontally Opposed Two-stroke Engine".
550:Pirault, Jean-Pierre; Flint, Martin (2010).
549:
455:is a two-cylinder 100 hp (75 kW)
43:A 1914 Simpson's balanced two-stroke engine
1258:
1244:
1113:
959:
726:Building the Atkinson Differential Engine
700:"OPRE: Opposed piston Pulling Rod Engine"
1045:
346:
279:opposed-piston engine with overhung yoke
173:
165:
86:
38:
723:
507:compressor or as a gas generator for a
105:7. Cylinder with inlet and outlet slots
14:
1790:
775:"Large Gas Engines on the Continent".
596:. Vol. 1. PA: SAE International.
331:Fairbanks Morse 38 8-1/8 diesel engine
292:Fairbanks Morse 38 8-1/8 diesel engine
30:For horizontally-opposed engines, see
1239:
680:from the original on 21 December 2021
495:
488:was awarded an $ 87M contract by the
351:Animated diagram of the Napier Deltic
1085:"Fairbanks-Morse 38D8 Diesel Engine"
1054:Institution of Mechanical Engineers
324:
77:Fairbanks-Morse Defense (FMDefense)
24:
25:
1829:
161:
306:
284:
268:
256:
1212:
1201:
1174:
1135:
1099:
1077:
1039:
1009:
984:
934:
917:
902:
887:
830:
804:
798:William Beardmore & Company
783:
728:. David J. Gingery Publishing.
403:dissolution of the Soviet Union
898:: 1467–1469. 25 November 1905.
768:
742:
717:
692:
662:
636:
608:
581:
543:
137:A reduced height of the engine
93:1. Intake for fuel-air mixture
13:
1:
913:: 1495–1496. 2 December 1905.
536:
1808:Piston engine configurations
448:filed for a patent in 2017.
263:1898 Oechelhäuser gas engine
200:William Beardmore & Sons
188:Atkinson differential engine
7:
1046:Setright, L. J. K. (1975).
1017:"Doxford Engines 1878–1980"
514:
10:
1834:
970:"Marine Engines – Doxford"
779:: 1336–1337. 23 June 1905.
594:SAE Technical Paper Series
499:
156:
29:
1818:Two-stroke diesel engines
1740:
1687:
1595:
1547:
1479:
1470:
1432:
1277:
877:UniqueCarsAndParts.com.au
724:Gingery, Vincent (2000).
82:
1160:"Engine Design Timeline"
873:"Gobron-Brillie history"
226:Kolomna Locomotive Works
103:6. Inlet crank mechanism
202:in the United Kingdom.
109:9. Water cooling jacket
1803:Opposed piston engines
1399:Single-acting cylinder
1332:Double-acting cylinder
464:Olney, Buckinghamshire
401:in Kharkiv. After the
352:
183:
182:diesel aircraft engine
171:
112:
44:
1813:Piston ported engines
1267:Engine configurations
930:: 204. 6 August 1914.
911:The Automotor Journal
896:The Automotor Journal
838:The Automotor Journal
754:GasEngineMagazine.com
362:British Rail Class 23
358:British Rail Class 55
350:
177:
169:
145:as the power output.
101:5. Outlet crankshaft
99:4. Boost relief valve
90:
63:at both ends, and no
49:opposed-piston engine
42:
18:Opposed piston engine
1369:Oscillating cylinder
1131:on 25 February 2008.
1049:Some unusual engines
942:"Index Doxford site"
840:: 421. 9 April 1904.
602:10.4271/2011-01-2216
241:Doxford Engine Works
1462:Two-and four-stroke
1364:Intake over exhaust
1027:on 24 December 2016
980:on 2 December 2013.
531:Split-single engine
453:Diesel Air Dair 100
132:crossflow-scavenged
1021:Doxford-Engine.com
883:on 25 August 2013.
502:Free-piston engine
496:Free-piston engine
490:United States Army
353:
184:
172:
113:
45:
1785:
1784:
1781:
1780:
1481:Inline / straight
1379:Overhead camshaft
853:Missing or empty
816:FarmCollector.com
676:. frankydevaere.
558:SAE International
128:uniflow-scavenged
16:(Redirected from
1825:
1798:Locomotive parts
1477:
1476:
1472:Cylinder layouts
1260:
1253:
1246:
1237:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1166:. Archived from
1164:AchatesPower.com
1156:
1147:
1146:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1127:. Archived from
1117:
1111:
1110:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1091:. Archived from
1081:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1023:. Archived from
1013:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1002:
988:
982:
981:
976:. Archived from
966:
957:
956:
954:
952:
938:
932:
931:
921:
915:
914:
906:
900:
899:
891:
885:
884:
879:. Archived from
869:
863:
862:
856:
851:
849:
841:
834:
828:
827:
825:
823:
808:
802:
801:
787:
781:
780:
772:
766:
765:
763:
761:
746:
740:
739:
721:
715:
714:
712:
710:
696:
690:
689:
687:
685:
666:
660:
659:
657:
655:
648:AchatesPower.com
644:"Opposed-Piston"
640:
634:
633:
631:
629:
612:
606:
605:
585:
579:
578:
576:
574:
547:
430:
415:
399:Malyshev Factory
396:
325:1940s to present
310:
288:
272:
260:
249:Junkers Jumo 205
235:deflector crowns
180:Junkers Jumo 205
119:Eliminating the
95:2. Supercharger
21:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1823:
1822:
1788:
1787:
1786:
1777:
1736:
1683:
1591:
1543:
1466:
1428:
1273:
1264:
1234:
1233:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1192:
1190:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1170:on 13 May 2013.
1158:
1157:
1150:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1095:on 26 May 2006.
1083:
1082:
1078:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1044:
1040:
1030:
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1000:
998:
990:
989:
985:
968:
967:
960:
950:
948:
940:
939:
935:
927:The Motor Cycle
923:
922:
918:
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907:
903:
893:
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852:
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756:. 13 March 2018
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681:
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625:
624:. 30 March 2011
614:
613:
609:
586:
582:
572:
570:
568:
548:
544:
539:
517:
504:
498:
460:aircraft engine
424:
409:
390:
327:
320:
316:as used in the
311:
302:
289:
280:
273:
264:
261:
164:
159:
110:
108:
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102:
100:
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85:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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1429:
1427:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1384:Overhead valve
1381:
1376:
1374:Opposed-piston
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1308:
1307:
1302:
1292:
1287:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1274:
1271:piston engines
1263:
1262:
1255:
1248:
1240:
1232:
1231:
1211:
1200:
1173:
1148:
1134:
1112:
1098:
1076:
1062:
1038:
1008:
983:
958:
933:
916:
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886:
864:
829:
803:
782:
767:
741:
734:
716:
691:
661:
650:. 22 July 2018
635:
621:New York Times
607:
580:
566:
541:
540:
538:
535:
534:
533:
528:
523:
516:
513:
500:Main article:
497:
494:
484:In July 2021,
479:light aircraft
418:BTR-4 Butsefal
326:
323:
322:
321:
318:Chieftain tank
312:
305:
303:
290:
283:
281:
277:Gobron-Brillié
274:
267:
265:
262:
255:
218:Arrol-Johnston
210:Gobron-Brillié
163:
162:1880s to 1930s
160:
158:
155:
139:
138:
135:
124:
111:10. Spark plug
84:
81:
55:in which each
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1763:Split-single
1549:Flat / boxer
1409:Swing-piston
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1452:Five-stroke
1447:Four-stroke
1404:Split cycle
1342:Free-piston
1285:Atmospheric
1193:20 November
1069:20 November
1001:29 November
951:26 November
822:26 November
760:22 November
709:29 November
684:29 November
674:YouTube.com
654:29 November
628:29 November
573:20 November
509:gas turbine
466:for use in
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410: [
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382:The Soviet
377:Leyland L60
370:Mack Trucks
314:Leyland L60
126:Creating a
32:flat engine
1792:Categories
1457:Six-stroke
1442:Two-stroke
1359:Heron head
1317:Cam engine
946:Telenet.be
735:1878087231
537:References
472:home-built
366:Royal Navy
342:Commer TS3
192:Otto cycle
143:crankshaft
107:8. Exhaust
97:3. Airbox
1187:Espacenet
521:Junk head
475:kitplanes
438:In 2014,
301:submarine
298:Pampanito
296:USS
1389:Pentroof
1337:Flathead
1327:Compound
1305:Rotative
1089:PSRM.org
1031:28 March
678:Archived
515:See also
468:airships
433:BM Oplot
416:used in
57:cylinder
1597:V / Vee
1414:Uniflow
1347:Stelzer
1322:Camless
1300:Cornish
1225:Cummins
486:Cummins
294:on the
157:History
69:Cummins
1758:Radial
1748:Deltic
1394:Rotary
1312:Bourke
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564:
477:, and
457:diesel
83:Design
61:piston
59:has a
1741:Other
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1290:Axial
446:Volvo
435:etc.
429:]
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395:]
275:1900
178:1932
51:is a
1419:Watt
1354:Hemi
1295:Beam
1278:Type
1269:for
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1071:2019
1058:ISBN
1033:2006
1003:2019
953:2019
859:help
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762:2019
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451:The
384:T-64
360:and
340:The
329:The
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1727:W24
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1717:W16
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