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from which some of the schools actually evolved) and to emphasize the boards' commitment to options within the public school system. Progressive educational tradition places emphasis on both the need to incorporate curriculum and teaching to match the stages of child development and the gradual integration of the child into adult society through planned experiential learning. The sources of stimulus would be from the philosopher John Dewey in the United States, from post WW1 New
Schools in Great Britain and the Steiner/Waldorf schools in Europe. The Libertarian tradition focuses on the rights of the parents and children to make their own educational and life choices. As noted by Levin "It is rooted in the belief to uphold the individual freedom and the innate goodness of the child against institutional and social conformity and the corrupting influences of modern society."
351:
regimented one size fits all approach. Most alternative high schools falling under public jurisdiction offered independent study programs, basic-skills programs, and were mini-high schools with a mixture of conventional and nonconventional courses, and schools with an arts focus. They also offered smaller classes, closer and more informal relations with teachers, and greater flexibility in course selection and timetabling. The most recent development within alternative education in Canada may be to follow the United States in their "Charter School" movement. In the US specific states have passed legislation permitting their departments of education or local school boards to issue "charters" directly to individual schools wishing to operate autonomously. Alberta is the first province that has already embraced this model.
756:, an approach based on interest rather than a curriculum. Others enroll in umbrella schools which provide a curriculum. Homeschool courses give students in-depth, personal attention in any subject with which they struggle or excel. Some homeschool families form a cooperative, where parents with expertise in a subject may teach children from a number of families while their children are taught by other parents. There is great variation amongst families who homeschool, from parents who set up in-home "classrooms" and hold class for a set amount of time each day, to families that focus on experiential learning opportunities.
540:'s Seedling Elementary School, which opened in 1994. This school caters to native students, who need a different and less stressful learning environment. It integrates traditional courses with strategies that focus on enhancing the learner's bond with nature and aboriginal culture. Another example is the so-called "third-way" education that serves the needs of students that are not local but also not foreign such as the Taipei American School, which provides instruction to Taiwanese students with family in the United States or those with occupations that took them, including their children, abroad.
533:) was the first alternative education school in Taiwan. It seeks to diverge from traditional Chinese education methodology and requires parents of their students to not hit or scold their children. The term 'forest school' has become a generalized term used by schools with alternative education approaches. There is also the case of the Caterpillar, which – like the Forest School – is housed in an unconventional campus and follows a creative and more fluid curriculum. Both these schools charge expensive tuition fees but more personalized instruction.
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429:. The only alternative options have been accredited, private schools with more freedom of curricula (including textbook choice; public schools are limited to government-approved textbooks), teaching methods and hiring guidelines. Nearly all private schools require a competitive entrance examination and charge
341:
Alternative education in Canada stems from two philosophical educational points of view, Progressive and
Libertarian. According to Levin, 2006 the term "alternative" was adopted partly to distinguish these schools from the independent, parent-student-teacher-run "free" schools that preceded them (and
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private schools in each of the states, including any curriculum requirements. The report states that it is intended as a reference for public and nonpublic school officials and state policy-makers. The report confirms that similar areas of education are approached in a variety of ways. Trade schools
350:
The 1980s saw a shift to special schools and/or programs for those students that excelled in academia, were artistically talented, or through programs linking schooling with the workplace in a co-operative venture. It might be considered as a natural evolution of education to offer options and not a
460:
In 1992 Dr
Shinichiro Hori, formerly Professor of Education at Osaka City University, founded the first, Kinokuni Children's Village in Wakayama Prefecture, of several alternative, democratic schools. In all he created six schools in Fukui prefecture, Kitakyushu, and Yamanashi prefecture. As friend
269:
and radical politics. The argument for an approach catering to the interests and learning style of an individual is supported by research suggesting that a learner-responsible model is more effective than a teacher-responsible one. Ron Miller has identified five elements common to educational
603:
in relation to so called illegal schools operating. Illegal schools refer to alternative provision centres providing students with a full time education without first registering properly as a school. Operating in this way means that providers avoid inspection by Ofsted.
583:
The United
Kingdom also has alternative provision schools and centres, designed to prevent exclusions from mainstream school, or improve behavioural problems so that students can re-access mainstream education. Since 1993, some of the centres have been referred to as
456:
was founded in 1985 as a shelter for children avoiding the school environment, and a number of other such schools have been established. In 1987 the first of seven
Waldorf schools in Japan was founded, and other alternatives include a growing homeschooling movement.
491:
to acquire fluency in a foreign language (usually
English). Although international schools are not certified by the Japanese government, many are approved by their native country (the U.S., Canada, Germany, France, Korea and China) and some offer an
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Public-school alternatives in the U.S. include separate schools, classes, programs and semi-autonomous "schools within schools". Public school-choice options are open to all students, although some have waiting lists. Among these are
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In recent years, in addition to Pupil
Referral Units, many privately funded units (operated by businesses or charities) have set up versions of PRUs. These are known as private providers of alternative provision.
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397:). Progress was based on tests given by the gurus, and the system aimed to nurture students' creativity and personality development. Although mainstream education in India is based on the system introduced by
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Self-directed inquiry is recognized at all levels of education, from the "unschooling" of children to the autodidacticism of adults, and may occur separately from (or with) traditional forms of education.
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Families seeking alternatives for educational, philosophical or religious reasons, or if there is no nearby educational alternative may opt for home-based education. A minor branch is
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A free school is a non-profit group (or independent school) which specializes in the care and education of children who refuse to attend standard schools. The first
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policy, which enable the opening of government-accredited schools providing alternative education. Two years later, the first such school was founded.
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118:. Synonyms for "alternative" in this context include "non-traditional" and "non-conventional". Alternative educators use terms such as "
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In modern times, at least in some localities, the legal right to provide educational alternatives has become established alongside
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401:, a few projects aim to rejuvenate the earlier method. Some students in these (and similar) projects conduct research in
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offering education based on philosophies differing from that of the mainstream pedagogy, about half of which are
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for children and young people. Though most alternative schools were until recently all fee-paying, state-funded
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were introduced in 2011, only two of which alternative education: the
Steiner Academy Frome, Somerset, and the
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Since the early 20th century, educators have discussed and implemented alternative forms of education, such as
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framework for such education varies by locality, and determines any obligation to conform with mainstream
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Independent, or private, schools have flexibility in staff selection and educational approach. Many are
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and vocational colleges are also an alternate route to four year traditional college programs.
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417:. Others, after completing their education in a gurukula, enter mainstream higher education.
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There is also alternative education that caters to learners with special needs such as the
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This article is about non-mainstream pedagogical approaches. For learning differences, see
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716:, which is the oldest, continually operating K-12 alternative school in the country, the
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The influx of private businesses entering the sector has led to concerns being raised by
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366:
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and Trille des Bois
Waldorf school in Ottawa, as well as in independent schools, such as
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2010:
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The
Changing Landscape of International Schooling: Implications for theory and practice
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believed that education should cultivate the developing child on many levels: not only
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1103:, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2012 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.)
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Alternative education grew up in response to the establishment of standardized and
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Alternative pedagogical approaches may include different structures, as in the
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Noninterference among the political, economic, and cultural spheres of society
4267:
3250:
2347:
1949:
1886:
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1421:
The Enigmatic Academy: Class, Bureaucracy, and Religion in American Education
960:
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73:
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Living an Idea: Empowerment and the Evolution of an Alternative High School
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254:
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1029:
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883:
856:
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1268:
Taiwan Education at the Crossroad: When Globalization Meets Localization
1063:. Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. 21 Sep. 2015.
2000:
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935:
557:
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Despite the schools' high tuition, some parents send their children to
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266:
200:
164:
88:
77:
1460:
Special Education in Alternative Education Programs (ERIC Digest E585)
2238:
1801:
1544:
851:
795:
265:, have criticized mainstream Western education from the viewpoint of
246:
184:
1454:
321:. Alternative education is provided in some public schools, such as
1676:
985:
434:
414:
394:
386:
49:
425:
Japanese education is a nationwide, standardized system under the
1871:
1477:
National Association for the Legal Support of Alternative Schools
446:
196:
1434:
862:
27:
Term referring to forms of non-mainstream educational approaches
704:(the latter also known as Steiner schools, after their founder
596:
103:
672:, which attract students to a particular program (such as the
472:
In 2003 Japan introduced Special Zones for Structural Reform (
389:, where they received free food, shelter and education from a
477:
188:
110:, and/or differing curricula and teaching methods, as in the
1513:
385:. Traditional learning in India involved students living in
76:
environments. Many educational alternatives emphasize small
1331:"Alternative Education Outside the Traditional 4-Year Path"
645:
410:
406:
390:
728:
and schools using an international curriculum such as the
134:
over the last two to three centuries. Educators including
80:, close relationships between students and teachers and a
1476:
515:
Founded after the lifting of martial law in Taiwan, the
1496:
1491:
1444:
1179:
1177:
1175:
668:, combining private initiatives and state funding, and
102:, different teacher-student relationships, as in the
1172:
1023:
1472:
National Coalition of Alternative Community Schools
1450:
International Association for Learning Alternatives
1418:Churchill, Christian J. and Gerald E. Levy. (2012)
612:A variety of educational alternatives exist at the
588:(PRU). These units are run by the local authority.
1445:Alternative Education Resource Organization (AERO)
1112:
1435:Map of alternative education schools and projects
806:Education reform#Alternatives to public education
564:; most have since closed, except for Summerhill,
4265:
1019:, a documentary film about alternative education
644:reports on the legal requirements that apply to
361:Homeschooling and alternative education in India
1370:
379:Sri Aurobindo International Centre of Education
4097:
3647:
1400:Alternative American Schools: Ideals in Action
211:to early-childhood education was developed in
1529:
1075:"An Introduction to Educational Alternatives"
863:Forms and approaches of alternative education
4202:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
1424:, Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
1099:Jean Jacques Rousseau Bertram, Christopher,
548:In 2003, there were about 70 schools in the
1209:
1079:Alternative Education Resource Organization
1536:
1522:
1414:. University of Maryland: Brookline Books.
1237:
1492:Iowa Association of Alternative Education
1376:
1265:
633:
506:Alternative Learning System (Philippines)
34:. For education for gifted students, see
3899:
1406:
1119:Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning
3274:
2502:
2491:
1290:
998:European Democratic Education Community
629:
14:
4266:
1242:. New York: M.E. Sharpe. p. 400.
1115:"Natural Learning in Higher Education"
1072:
679:
4096:
3898:
3646:
3273:
2894:
2893:
2501:
2490:
2192:
1555:
1517:
1318:, U.S. Department of Education, 2009
1261:
1259:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1183:
1004:Home School Legal Defense Association
708:). Other independent schools include
1497:Oklahoma Technical Assistance Center
1394:
556:. Summerhill School, established by
317:falls under the jurisdiction of the
207:. After World War II an alternative
4248:
1316:State Regulation of Private Schools
1203:
1073:Martin, Robin Ann (November 2000).
811:European Convention on Human Rights
642:State Regulation of Private Schools
301:education for school age children.
171:, and educational pioneers such as
24:
1509:Learning for a Cause (in Japanese)
1388:
1256:
1226:
625:
253:perspectives. Other writers, from
25:
4290:
1428:
1024:Public law on education in the US
759:
543:
4247:
4238:
4237:
4225:
3761:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
3255:
3246:
3245:
2803:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
2573:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2467:
1487:Eklavya (Indian educational NGO)
1295:. Oxon: Routledge. p. 119.
1270:. Berlin: Springer. p. 79.
1184:Levin, Malcolm (February 2007).
1135:, Holistic Education Press, 2008
991:
741:
652:
607:
1441:, Alternative Education Network
1402:. Ithaca, New York: SUNY Press.
1348:
1323:
1309:
1284:
1035:Oregon Compulsory Education Act
345:
3918:Federated States of Micronesia
3213:British Indian Ocean Territory
1238:Rubinstein, Murray A. (2007).
1190:www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca
1158:
1138:
1125:
1106:
1093:
1066:
1054:
638:U.S. Department of Education's
499:
465:his work has been inspired by
323:Mountainview Montessori School
13:
1:
1543:
1356:"Advantages of homeschooling"
1212:"Kinokuni Children's Village"
1047:
304:
241:have examined education from
3886:United States Virgin Islands
1556:
1266:Chou, C.; Ching, G. (2012).
1214:. Liberation Education, 2015
929:
7:
3648:Education in North America
1113:J. Scott Armstrong (2012).
774:
730:International Baccalaureate
568:, Hebden Bridge School and
494:International Baccalaureate
461:and Japanese translator of
147:American transcendentalists
10:
4295:
4098:Education in South America
2193:
1482:Reggio Children Foundation
1166:"Types of Private Schools"
1133:Self-Organizing Revolution
909:Thomas Jefferson Education
899:Jiddu Krishnamurti Schools
763:
745:
689:
683:
656:
624:level in four categories:
503:
383:Jiddu Krishnamurti Schools
358:
336:
327:Toronto Montessori Schools
143:Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi
125:
48:differing from mainstream
29:
4219:
4176:
4103:
4009:
3986:
3905:
3861:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
3779:
3653:
3626:
3578:
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3282:
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2416:
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2341:
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2266:
2232:
2208:Early childhood education
2201:
2188:
2138:
1968:
1915:
1737:
1590:
1562:
1551:
1291:Bunnell, Tristan (2014).
712:or free schools, such as
510:
445:and, in the worst cases,
309:
4069:Northern Mariana Islands
3881:Turks and Caicos Islands
2962:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
2558:Central African Republic
1010:
724:schools, those based on
601:Department for Education
578:Steiner Academy Hereford
420:
371:Visva-Bharati University
354:
331:Vancouver Waldorf School
54:evidence-based education
4034:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
3223:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1186:"Alternative Education"
1101:"Jean Jacques Rousseau"
1061:"alternative education"
1017:The Forbidden Education
869:Anarchistic free school
791:Anarchism and education
692:List of Sudbury schools
560:in 1921, was the first
554:Steiner-Waldorf schools
443:social anxiety disorder
3811:British Virgin Islands
3325:Bosnia and Herzegovina
914:Modern School Movement
817:Experiential education
786:Alternative university
726:experiential education
274:Respect for the person
257:to American educators
209:Reggio Emilia approach
46:educational philosophy
4274:Alternative education
4012:and other territories
3751:Saint Kitts and Nevis
2718:São Tomé and Príncipe
2578:Republic of the Congo
1240:Taiwan: A New History
971:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
837:Progressive education
489:international schools
482:Special Economic Zone
427:Ministry of Education
359:Further information:
319:provincial government
162:progressive education
136:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
58:learning environments
42:Alternative education
3900:Education in Oceania
3276:Education in Europe
3137:United Arab Emirates
2504:Education in Africa
1727:Instructional design
924:Vocational education
919:Montessori education
889:Free school movement
879:Democratic education
827:Free school movement
822:Freedom of education
634:home-based education
586:Pupil Referral Units
132:compulsory education
60:may be found within
3766:Trinidad and Tobago
3661:Antigua and Barbuda
3541:States with limited
3164:limited recognition
2793:States with limited
2492:Education by region
2218:Secondary education
2130:Teaching philosophy
2033:Pedagogical pattern
1976:21st century skills
1955:Religious education
1598:Aims and objectives
1408:Trickett, Edison J.
1081:. Paths of Learning
894:Forest kindergarten
781:Alternative schools
680:Independent schools
630:independent schools
367:Rabindranath Tagore
315:Education in Canada
158:Henry David Thoreau
154:Ralph Waldo Emerson
150:Amos Bronson Alcott
74:home-based learning
70:independent schools
56:. Such alternative
4232:Schools portal
3701:Dominican Republic
2896:Education in Asia
2223:Tertiary education
2161:Learning resources
1652:Education sciences
1502:2020-11-27 at the
1465:2022-08-16 at the
1455:Informal Education
1377:Hayes, C. (1989),
1358:. 25 February 2013
981:Jiddu Krishnamurti
842:Right to education
686:Independent school
570:democratic schools
291:holistic worldview
227:John Caldwell Holt
116:Montessori schools
82:sense of community
18:Opportunity school
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2043:Teacher retention
1996:Critical thinking
1991:Class arrangement
1960:Special education
1635:Standardized test
1618:Course evaluation
1302:978-1-317-81448-1
1277:978-0-230-12014-3
1249:978-0-7656-1494-0
1210:Shinichiro Hori.
1146:"Trille des Bois"
1041:Meyer v. Nebraska
847:Special education
562:democratic school
467:Summerhill School
454:democratic school
405:, Vedic studies,
299:a duty to provide
32:Special education
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3417:Liechtenstein
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3398:
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3333:
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3308:
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3208:
3203:
3199:
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3188:
3187:South Ossetia
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3159:
3153:
3150:
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3138:
3135:
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3130:
3128:
3125:
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3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
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3090:
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3023:
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3018:
3015:
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3010:
3008:
3005:
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2998:
2995:
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2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
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2897:
2892:
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2659:
2656:
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2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2633:Guinea-Bissau
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
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2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
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2519:
2516:
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2513:
2509:
2505:
2500:
2496:
2489:
2485:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2436:
2431:
2428:
2424:
2423:Undergraduate
2421:
2420:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2381:
2378:
2359:
2353:
2349:
2348:Middle school
2346:
2345:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2322:
2319:
2300:
2294:
2289:
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2283:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2265:
2262:
2252:
2247:
2244:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2200:
2196:
2191:
2187:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2131:
2128:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2113:Project-based
2111:
2109:
2108:Problem-based
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2068:Demonstration
2066:
2064:
2063:Contemplative
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1950:Homeschooling
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
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1920:
1918:
1914:
1908:
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1798:
1797:Environmental
1795:
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1728:
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1724:
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1722:Instructional
1720:
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1700:
1698:
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1653:
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1648:
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1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1625:Psychometrics
1623:
1619:
1616:
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1614:
1611:
1610:
1609:
1606:
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1601:
1599:
1596:
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1206:
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1187:
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1161:
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1128:
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1036:
1033:
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1028:
1027:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
995:
992:Organizations
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
961:Deborah Meier
959:
957:
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949:
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942:
939:
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867:
866:
858:
855:
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848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
832:Homeschooling
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
778:
772:
767:
757:
755:
749:
748:Homeschooling
742:Homeschooling
739:
737:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
693:
687:
677:
675:
671:
667:
660:
659:School choice
653:School choice
650:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
626:school choice
623:
619:
615:
608:United States
605:
602:
598:
593:
589:
587:
581:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
541:
539:
538:Taipei County
534:
532:
529:
523:
518:
517:Forest School
507:
497:
495:
490:
485:
483:
479:
475:
470:
468:
464:
458:
455:
450:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
418:
416:
412:
408:
407:Vedic science
404:
400:
399:Lord Macaulay
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
375:Sri Aurobindo
372:
368:
362:
352:
343:
334:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
302:
300:
292:
288:
285:
282:
279:
276:
273:
272:
271:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
243:individualist
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
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159:
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148:
144:
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137:
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117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
96:
94:
90:
85:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
37:
33:
19:
4279:School types
4223:
4179:Dependencies
4010:Dependencies
3996:Cook Islands
3876:Sint Maarten
3856:Saint Martin
3570:Transnistria
3202:Dependencies
3132:Turkmenistan
3097:Saudi Arabia
2868:Saint Helena
2839:
2743:South Africa
2733:Sierra Leone
2538:Burkina Faso
2430:Postgraduate
2246:Kindergarten
2098:Personalized
2078:Experiential
2038:Teacher look
1916:
1747:Agricultural
1603:Anthropology
1419:
1411:
1399:
1378:
1372:
1360:. Retrieved
1350:
1339:. Retrieved
1337:. 2017-06-06
1334:
1325:
1315:
1311:
1292:
1286:
1267:
1239:
1216:. Retrieved
1205:
1193:. Retrieved
1189:
1160:
1149:. Retrieved
1140:
1132:
1131:Ron Miller,
1127:
1118:
1108:
1095:
1083:. Retrieved
1078:
1068:
1056:
1039:
769:
751:
738:
734:Round Square
695:
662:
641:
611:
594:
590:
582:
574:Free Schools
566:Sands School
547:
535:
514:
486:
476:), based on
471:
459:
451:
424:
364:
349:
346:School types
340:
313:
296:
283:of authority
259:Herbert Kohl
255:Paulo Freire
231:Paul Goodman
221:
140:humanitarian
129:
108:free schools
97:
95:and grades.
86:
44:encompasses
41:
40:
4253:WikiProject
3943:New Zealand
3846:Puerto Rico
3756:Saint Lucia
3706:El Salvador
3608:Isle of Man
3543:recognition
3517:Switzerland
3452:Netherlands
3261:Asia portal
3162:States with
3082:Philippines
3022:South Korea
3017:North Korea
2912:Afghanistan
2795:recognition
2748:South Sudan
2638:Ivory Coast
2354:High school
2151:Definitions
2028:Lesson plan
1917:Alternative
1822:Mathematics
1792:Engineering
1030:Bennett Law
951:Ivan Illich
884:Deschooling
857:Unschooling
813:, Article 2
754:unschooling
520: [
500:Philippines
251:libertarian
197:emotionally
193:spiritually
187:, but also
78:class sizes
72:as well as
4268:Categories
3841:Montserrat
3836:Martinique
3831:Guadeloupe
3686:Costa Rica
3487:San Marino
3447:Montenegro
3427:Luxembourg
3407:Kazakhstan
3310:Azerbaijan
3142:Uzbekistan
3117:Tajikistan
3032:Kyrgyzstan
3012:Kazakhstan
2932:Bangladesh
2922:Azerbaijan
2850:(Portugal)
2808:Somaliland
2728:Seychelles
2693:Mozambique
2678:Mauritania
2663:Madagascar
2618:The Gambia
2553:Cape Verde
2406:Continuing
2396:Vocational
2001:Curriculum
1935:Democratic
1907:Vocational
1897:Technology
1857:Philosophy
1739:By subject
1717:Technology
1697:Psychology
1682:Philosophy
1672:Leadership
1613:Evaluation
1608:Assessment
1341:2022-03-18
1195:24 October
1151:2022-10-22
1085:16 October
1048:References
936:John Dewey
710:democratic
698:Montessori
690:See also:
614:elementary
558:A.S. Neill
463:A.S. Neill
305:Localities
205:physically
165:John Dewey
4168:Venezuela
4113:Argentina
3913:Australia
3826:Greenland
3741:Nicaragua
3716:Guatemala
3598:Gibraltar
3422:Lithuania
3228:Hong Kong
3182:Palestine
3107:Sri Lanka
3102:Singapore
2982:Indonesia
2683:Mauritius
2239:Preschool
2139:Wikimedia
1877:Religious
1802:Euthenics
1787:Economics
1767:Chemistry
1757:Bilingual
1712:Sociology
1667:Inclusion
1647:Economics
1545:Education
930:Educators
852:UnCollege
796:Education
736:schools.
640:document
618:secondary
496:program.
387:gurukulas
247:anarchist
4243:Category
4158:Suriname
4148:Paraguay
4133:Colombia
3928:Kiribati
3791:Anguilla
3726:Honduras
3696:Dominica
3671:Barbados
3618:Svalbard
3603:Guernsey
3550:Abkhazia
3502:Slovenia
3497:Slovakia
3472:Portugal
3330:Bulgaria
3251:Category
3172:Abkhazia
3122:Thailand
3077:Pakistan
3057:Mongolia
3052:Maldives
3047:Malaysia
2947:Cambodia
2874: /
2870: /
2863:(France)
2857: /
2835: /
2831: /
2783:Zimbabwe
2758:Tanzania
2608:Ethiopia
2603:Eswatini
2583:Djibouti
2548:Cameroon
2533:Botswana
2123:Socratic
2083:Feedback
1969:Concepts
1862:Physical
1832:Military
1812:Language
1762:Business
1702:Research
1692:Politics
1677:Pedagogy
1572:Glossary
1557:Overview
1500:Archived
1463:Archived
1410:(1991).
1398:(1991).
986:Bill Nye
775:See also
622:tertiary
599:and the
474:構造改革特別区域
435:bullying
415:ayurveda
395:Sanskrit
225:such as
138:, Swiss
120:holistic
50:pedagogy
4163:Uruguay
4138:Ecuador
4118:Bolivia
4079:Tokelau
3978:Vanuatu
3821:Curaçao
3806:Bonaire
3801:Bermuda
3731:Jamaica
3711:Grenada
3666:Bahamas
3527:Ukraine
3477:Romania
3437:Moldova
3395:Ireland
3390:Iceland
3385:Hungary
3375:Germany
3370:Georgia
3360:Finland
3355:Estonia
3350:Denmark
3335:Croatia
3320:Belgium
3315:Belarus
3305:Austria
3300:Armenia
3295:Andorra
3290:Albania
3147:Vietnam
3062:Myanmar
3042:Lebanon
2972:Georgia
2927:Bahrain
2917:Armenia
2859:Réunion
2855:Mayotte
2846:Madeira
2841:(Spain)
2837:Melilla
2768:Tunisia
2738:Somalia
2723:Senegal
2708:Nigeria
2698:Namibia
2688:Morocco
2653:Liberia
2648:Lesotho
2598:Eritrea
2568:Comoros
2543:Burundi
2518:Algeria
2426:→
2401:Further
2356:→
2351:→
2333:→
2297:→
2292:→
2276:→
2249:→
2242:→
2088:Passive
2011:Studies
1892:Teacher
1882:Science
1872:Reading
1867:Physics
1842:Nursing
1827:Medical
1662:History
1582:Outline
1564:General
1218:4 April
1006:(HSLDA)
1000:(EUDEC)
447:suicide
431:tuition
337:Origins
277:Balance
267:liberal
189:morally
126:History
112:Waldorf
66:charter
4143:Guyana
4123:Brazil
4054:Hawaii
3973:Tuvalu
3746:Panama
3736:Mexico
3681:Canada
3676:Belize
3613:Jersey
3555:Kosovo
3522:Turkey
3512:Sweden
3492:Serbia
3482:Russia
3467:Poland
3462:Norway
3442:Monaco
3412:Latvia
3380:Greece
3365:France
3340:Cyprus
3192:Taiwan
3127:Turkey
3092:Russia
3027:Kuwait
3007:Jordan
2997:Israel
2957:Cyprus
2942:Brunei
2937:Bhutan
2878:
2861:
2848:
2778:Zambia
2773:Uganda
2713:Rwanda
2668:Malawi
2628:Guinea
2523:Angola
2473:Portal
2433:
2392:
2295:Junior
2290:Infant
2195:Stages
2171:Quotes
2156:Images
2016:Theory
2006:Hidden
1902:Values
1807:Health
1782:Design
1707:Rights
1687:Policy
1362:23 May
1299:
1274:
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636:. The
597:Ofsted
511:Taiwan
310:Canada
249:, and
203:, and
156:, and
145:; the
104:Quaker
68:, and
4128:Chile
3968:Tonga
3958:Samoa
3948:Palau
3938:Nauru
3796:Aruba
3721:Haiti
3588:Åland
3507:Spain
3432:Malta
3402:Italy
3233:Macau
3152:Yemen
3112:Syria
3087:Qatar
3067:Nepal
3002:Japan
2977:India
2967:Egypt
2952:China
2833:Ceuta
2753:Sudan
2703:Niger
2658:Libya
2643:Kenya
2623:Ghana
2613:Gabon
2588:Egypt
2528:Benin
2176:Texts
2146:Books
1847:Peace
1837:Music
1817:Legal
1777:Death
1577:Index
1439:REEVO
1335:AACAP
1011:Media
524:]
478:China
421:Japan
355:India
213:Italy
89:legal
62:state
4153:Peru
4049:Guam
4001:Niue
3923:Fiji
3866:Saba
3691:Cuba
3072:Oman
3037:Laos
2992:Iraq
2987:Iran
2763:Togo
2673:Mali
2563:Chad
2166:News
1364:2015
1297:ISBN
1272:ISBN
1244:ISBN
1220:2019
1197:2014
1087:2014
732:and
700:and
646:K-12
632:and
620:and
413:and
411:yoga
391:guru
329:and
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199:and
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531:小學
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