484:
not isolate learning into several different components. Martin (2002) illustrates this point further by stating that, "Many alternative educators argue instead that who the learners are, what they know, how they know it, and how they act in the world are not separate elements, but reflect the interdependencies between our world and ourselves". Included in this idea of connections is the way that the classroom is structured. Holistic school classrooms are often small and consist of mixed-ability and mixed-age students. They are flexible in terms of how they are structured so that if it becomes appropriate for a student to change classes, (s)he is moved regardless of what time of year it is on the school calendar.
136:
495:. Transdisciplinary inquiry is based on the premise that division between disciplines is eliminated. One must understand the world in wholes as much as possible and not in fragmented parts. "Transdisciplinary approaches involve multiple disciplines and the space between the disciplines with the possibility of new perspectives 'beyond' those disciplines. Where multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary inquiry may focus on the contribution of disciplines to an inquiry transdisciplinary inquiry tends to focus on the inquiry issue itself."
128:
22:
525:
communication is expected and differences between people are respected and appreciated. Cooperation is the norm, rather than competition. Thus, many schools incorporating holistic beliefs do not give grades or rewards. The reward of helping one another and growing together is emphasized rather than being placed above one another.
515:
is an integral aspect in holistic education. As relationships and learning about relationships are keys to understanding ourselves, so the aspect of community is vital in this learning process. Scott Forbes stated, "In holistic education the classroom is often seen as a community, which is within the
483:
is emphasized as opposed to the fragmentation that is often seen in mainstream education. This fragmentation may include the dividing of individual subjects, dividing students into grades, etc. Holism sees the various aspects of life and living as integrated and connected, therefore, education should
502:
is also an important factor in the learning process. People learn better when what is being learned is important to them. Holistic schools seek to respect and work with the meaning structures of each person. Therefore, the start of a topic would begin with what a student may know or understand from
507:
is another concept that connects to meaningfulness. In finding inherent meaning in the process of learning and coming to understand how they learn, students are expected to self-regulate their own learning. However, they are not completely expected to do this on their own. Because of the nature of
475:
involves a change in the frames of reference that a person might have. This change may include points of view, habits of mind, and worldviews. Holism understands knowledge as something that is constructed by the context in which a person lives. Therefore, teaching students to reflect critically on
374:
Religious; as in becoming "enlightened". You see the light out of difficulties and challenges. This can be done through increased spirituality. Spirituality is an important component in holistic education as it emphasizes the connectedness of all living things and stresses the "harmony between the
308:
Many scholars feel the modern "look and feel" of holistic education coalesced through two factors: the rise of humanist philosophies after World War II and the cultural paradigm shift beginning in the mid-1960s. In the 1970s, after the holism movement in psychology became much more mainstream, "an
316:
In July 1979, the first
National Holistic Education Conference took place at the University of California at San Diego. The conference was presented by The Mandala Society and The National Center for the Exploration of Human Potential and was titled Mind: Evolution or Revolution? The Emergence of
353:
referred to this as "self-actualization". Education with a holistic perspective is concerned with the development of every person's intellectual, emotional, social, physical, artistic, creative and spiritual potentials. It seeks to engage students in the teaching/learning process and encourages
524:
In holistic education, the teacher is seen less as person of authority who leads and controls but rather is seen as "a friend, a mentor, a facilitator, or an experienced traveling companion". Schools should be seen as places where students and adults work toward a mutual goal. Open and honest
418:
An application of holistic education to a curriculum has been described as transformational learning where the instruction recognizes the wholeness of the learner and that he and the curriculum are not seen as separate but connected. According to John Miller, the position is similar to the
476:
how we come to know or understand information is essential. As a result, if "we ask students to develop critical and reflective thinking skills and encourage them to care about the world around them they may decide that some degree of personal or social transformation is required."
317:
Holistic
Education. For six years after, the Holistic Education Conference was combined with the Mandala Holistic Health Conferences at the University of California, San Diego. About three thousand professionals participated each year. Out of these conferences came the annual
151:. This involved the method that focused on the whole person instead of one or some segments of an individual's experience. It formed part of the view that the world is a single whole and that learning cannot be separated from all of man's experiences.
977:
Forbes, Scott H. and Robin Ann Martin. What
Holistic Education Claims About Itself: An Analysis of Holistic Schools' Literature. Paper presented at the American Education Research Association Annual Conference (San Diego, California, April 2004). 26
797:
Els, C.J., du Toit, C. & Blignaut, A.S. (2009). A holistic learner-centred interpretation model for South
African education as an interdisciplinary Social Science. Journal of Educational Studies, Volume 8 (3) (University of Venda,
770:
Els, C.J., du Toit, C. & Blignaut, A.S. (2009). A holistic learner-centred interpretation model for South
African education as an interdisciplinary Social Science. Journal of Educational Studies, Volume 8 (3) (University of Venda,
705:
Robin Ann Martin, Alternatives in
Education: An Exploration of Learner-Centered, Progressive, and Holistic Education. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association (New Orleans, LA, April 1–5,
154:
The term holistic education has been attributed to the South
African military leader, statesman, scholar and philosopher, Field Marshal General Jan Christiaan Smuts (1870-1950), who is noted for his role in the foundation of the
443:. In learning about their relationships with others, there is a focus on social "literacy" (learning to see social influence) and emotional "literacy" (one's own self in relation to others). Third, children need to learn about
83:
is a movement in education that seeks to engage all aspects of the learner, including mind, body, and spirit. Its philosophy, which is also identified as holistic learning theory, is based on the premise that each person finds
170:, Smuts describes "holism" as the tendency in nature to form wholes that are greater than the sum of the parts through creative evolution. Today, this work is recognized as the foundation theory for
378:
Psychological; as in Maslow's "self-actualization". Holistic education believes that each person should strive to be all that they can be in life. There are no deficits in learners, just differences.
896:
Forbes, Scott H. Values in
Holistic Education. Paper presented at the Third Annual Conference on Education, Spirituality and the Whole Child (Roehampton Institute, London, June 28, 1996). 9 pages.
467:
With the goal of educating the whole child, holistic education promotes several strategies to address the question of how to teach and how people learn. First, the idea of holism advocates a
213:
It is difficult to map the history of holistic education, as in some respects its core ideas are not new but "timeless and found in the sense of wholeness in humanity's religious impetus".
336:
309:
emerging body of literature in science, philosophy and cultural history provided an overarching concept to describe this way of understanding education – a perspective known as
357:
In describing the general philosophy of holistic education, Robin Ann Martin and Scott Forbes (2004) divided their discussion into two categories: the idea of "ultimacy" and
516:
larger community of the school, which is within the larger community of the village, town, or city, and which is, by extension, within the larger community of humanity."
1093:
329:) on the one hand, and the Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences (HASS) on the other, have found new holistic common ground, as demonstrated in consensus reports on
174:, complexity theory, neural networks, semantic holism, holistic education, and the general systems theory in ecology. Smuts' "holism" was also the inspiration for
1102:
330:
690:
381:
Undefined; as in a person developing to the ultimate extent a human could reach and, thus, moving towards the highest aspirations of the human spirit.
508:
community in holistic education, students learn to monitor their own learning through interdependence on others inside and outside of the classroom.
197:
as the originator of the modern model of holistic education. Steiner, particularly, developed a holistic education framework based on the works of
488:
is key in allowing students to feel that they are not rushed in learning concepts studied, nor are they held back if they learn concepts quickly.
1361:
1306:
835:
1086:
447:. This entails overcoming difficulties, facing challenges and learning how to ensure long-term success. Fourth, children need to learn about
620:. Some educators feel that holistic education is a part of holistic practices, while others feel that they are totally separate concepts.
99:
Holistic education aims to call forth from people an intrinsic reverence for life and a passionate love of learning, gives attention to
430:
In holistic education the basic three R's have been said to be education for: Relationships, Responsibility and
Reverence for all life.
1079:
338:
The
Integration of the Humanities and Arts with Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in Higher Education. Branches from the Same Tree
1192:
426:
Various attempts to articulate the central themes of a holistic education, seeking to educate the whole person, have been made:
1366:
325:. Since the early 2000s, some of the historically separate academic areas, Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (
216:
The explicit application of holistic ideas to education has a clear tradition, however, whose originating theorists include:
166:
Smuts is considered the founder of "Holism", which he derived from the Greek word ολος, which means "whole". In his 1926 book
96:
through connections to their local community, to the natural world, and to humanitarian values such as compassion and peace.
1048:
1023:
845:
729:
704:
674:
646:
107:
and primary human values within the learning environment". The term "holistic education" is often used to refer to a type of
612:
There is a debate on whether holistic education is connected to education in holistic health or spiritual practices such as
1291:
1248:
1197:
744:
Root, Waverley (1952). "Jan Christian Smuts. 1870-1950". Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society. 8 (21): 271–73.
46:
458:
Curriculum is derived from the teacher listening to each child and helping the child bring out what lies within oneself.
1343:
873:
163:. He drew from the ancient Greek conceptualization of holistic education to propose a modern philosophy of learning.
64:
942:
1462:
918:
Information on holistic conference contributors, topics, and current availability of these Holistic Health Journals
940:
K. Husbands Fealing, A. Incorvaia, and R. Utz, "Humanizing Science and Engineering for the Twenty-First Century."
928:
Miller, R. (2004) "Educational Alternatives: A Map of the Territory". Paths of Learning, 20, 20-27. Available:
815:
Durkheim, E. & Giddens, A. (1972). Emile Durkheim: selected writings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1296:
1276:
575:
135:
722:
Handbook of Research on Leadership Experience for Academic Direction (LEAD) Programs for Student Success
205:. It introduced the concept of "imaginative teaching" and its role in the learner's self-actualization.
1317:
270:
198:
104:
1333:
503:
their worldview, what has meaning to them rather than what others feel should be meaningful to them.
453:– This encourages the student to see the beauty of what is around them and learn to have awe in life.
143:
Holistic education's origins has been associated with the emergence of the concept of instruction in
37:
1301:
1271:
998:
116:
1436:
1222:
585:
580:
570:
491:
Third, along the same thread as the idea of connections in holistic education, is the concept of
472:
471:
approach to learning. Rather than seeing education as a process of transmission and transaction,
803:
776:
1286:
1232:
1227:
1212:
595:
252:
1431:
1207:
294:
217:
108:
100:
976:
439:. This involves learning self-respect and self-esteem. Second, children need to learn about
1426:
1396:
1338:
1328:
321:. Holistic education became an identifiable area of study and practice in the mid-1980s in
112:
8:
1421:
221:
237:
42:
This article needs the attention of experts. Full citations are also missing throughout.
1391:
1263:
1253:
1202:
278:
263:
148:
1353:
1217:
1044:
1019:
869:
841:
799:
772:
725:
670:
642:
600:
590:
566:
561:
233:
156:
85:
32:
906:
175:
1182:
1141:
1071:
1039:
Miller, John P.; Nigh, Kelli; Binder, Marni J.; Novak, Bruce; Crowell, Sam (2018).
745:
555:
260:
248:
202:
194:
171:
824:
Adler, A. (2003). Understanding human nature. Whitefish, MT: Kessinger Publishing.
1177:
1136:
1002:
956:
358:
267:
93:
89:
182:'s psychological approach, which views the individual as an "integrated whole".
1441:
1401:
1386:
1187:
1131:
1116:
761:
Crafford, F.S. (2005). Jan Smuts: a biography. Whitefish: Kessinger Publishing.
350:
286:
274:
244:
229:
186:
160:
144:
1456:
1416:
1151:
1126:
1121:
544:
397:
322:
225:
866:
Rudolf Steiner's Pedagogy of Imagination: A Case Study of Holistic Education
1161:
749:
302:
179:
139:
Title Page of the 1926 book ":Holism and Evolution" by Jan Christiaan Smuts
667:
Essential Learning Theories: Applications to Authentic Teaching Situations
349:
Holistic education aims at helping students be the most that they can be.
1156:
1146:
917:
895:
549:
534:
298:
290:
639:
Reshaping Learning: Frontiers of Learning in a Global technology Context
332:
Integrating Social and Behavioral Sciences Within the Weather Enterprise
1281:
837:
Free to Be Mohawk: Indigenous Education at the Akwesasne Freedom School
449:
256:
190:
1063:
788:
Smuts, J.C. (1926). Holism and Evolution. London: Macmillan & Co.
282:
641:. Heidelberg: Springer Science & Business Media. p. 367.
462:
1411:
1406:
613:
420:
344:
159:, and the formation of the international peace organization, the
127:
556:
School movements that incorporate elements of holistic education
539:
957:"What is Holistic Education? A Deep Insight - Holistic Canvas"
929:
907:
Ron Miller, 1999, A Brief Introduction to Holistic Education
617:
326:
995:
403:
Social ability (more than just learning social skills).
637:
Huang, Ronghuai; Kinshuk; Spector, J. Michael (2012).
1038:
669:. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 120.
1101:
1018:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. 11.
636:
423:belief that there is "that of God in every one".
178:'s concept of the "holistic society", as well as
1454:
1362:List of standardized tests in the United States
1307:Principles and Standards for School Mathematics
463:Tools/teaching strategies of holistic education
345:Philosophical framework for holistic education
1087:
1041:International Handbook of Holistic Education
406:Refining Values (development of character).
1094:
1080:
891:
889:
887:
885:
498:Fourth, holistic education proposes that
400:(each student learns in their "own way").
65:Learn how and when to remove this message
911:
724:. Hershey, PA: IGI Global. p. 227.
700:
698:
354:personal and collective responsibility.
134:
126:
1016:The Holistic Curriculum, Second Edition
991:
989:
987:
985:
863:
664:
409:Self Knowledge (emotional development).
385:
1455:
1367:Standardized testing and public policy
1013:
882:
1075:
859:
857:
833:
695:
1292:National Science Education Standards
1198:Developmentally appropriate practice
982:
719:
715:
713:
660:
658:
607:
435:First, children need to learn about
15:
691:Holistic Education: An Introduction
391:Freedom (in a psychological sense).
185:There are also sources that credit
13:
1344:High school graduation examination
1064:Holistic Education, Inc, Home Page
854:
14:
1474:
710:
655:
519:
1103:Standards-based education reform
943:Issues in Science and Technology
868:. Bern: Peter Lang. p. 18.
864:Nielsen, Thomas William (2004).
840:. University of Oklahoma Press.
394:Good-judgment (self-governance).
20:
1057:
1032:
1007:
970:
949:
934:
922:
900:
827:
818:
809:
791:
1297:National Skill Standards Board
1277:Certificate of Initial Mastery
834:White, Louellyn (2015-11-12).
782:
764:
755:
738:
683:
630:
596:Reggio Emilia Inspired Schools
208:
103:, and places significance on "
1:
511:Finally, as mentioned above,
413:
122:
131:Jan Christiaan Smuts in 1947
7:
665:Johnson, Andrew P. (2019).
528:
375:inner life and outer life".
368:
319:Journals of Holistic Health
111:, as opposed to mainstream
40:. The specific problem is:
10:
1479:
996:Holistic Education Network
930:http://pathsoflearning.org
243:More recent theorists are
199:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
1375:
1352:
1334:Criterion-referenced test
1315:
1262:
1241:
1170:
1109:
493:transdisciplinary inquiry
1302:No Child Left Behind Act
1272:Adequate Yearly Progress
1014:Miller, John P. (2007).
720:Geri, Salinitri (2020).
623:
117:evidence-based education
1463:Philosophy of education
1437:Traditional mathematics
1223:Outcome-based education
571:anarchistic free school
473:transformative learning
1287:National Reading Panel
1233:Small schools movement
1228:Problem-based learning
1213:Inquiry-based learning
750:10.1098/rsbm.1952.0017
603:(or Steiner Education)
581:Friends/Quaker Schools
140:
132:
1432:Traditional education
218:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
138:
130:
109:alternative education
101:experiential learning
1427:Tracking (education)
1339:Norm-referenced test
1329:Authentic assessment
586:Krishnamurti Schools
479:Second, the idea of
386:Sagacious competence
363:sagacious competence
168:Holism and Evolution
113:educational research
47:improve this article
36:to meet Knowledge's
1422:Standard algorithms
1043:. Oxon: Routledge.
222:Ralph Waldo Emerson
149:indigenous cultures
1392:Direct instruction
1354:Standardized tests
1264:Learning standards
1254:Educational equity
1203:Discovery learning
1001:2023-03-31 at the
946:39/1, 2022: 54-57.
279:Jiddu Krishnamurti
264:John Caldwell Holt
141:
133:
81:Holistic education
77:Education movement
1450:
1449:
1218:Open-space school
1050:978-1-351-62189-2
1025:978-0-8020-9218-2
847:978-0-8061-5324-7
731:978-1-7998-2431-2
676:978-1-4758-5269-1
648:978-3-642-32300-3
608:Note on semantics
601:Waldorf Education
591:Montessori School
567:Democratic school
234:Johann Pestalozzi
157:League of Nations
75:
74:
67:
38:quality standards
29:This article may
1470:
1183:Block scheduling
1142:Maria Montessori
1096:
1089:
1082:
1073:
1072:
1066:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1036:
1030:
1029:
1011:
1005:
993:
980:
974:
968:
967:
965:
964:
953:
947:
938:
932:
926:
920:
915:
909:
904:
898:
893:
880:
879:
861:
852:
851:
831:
825:
822:
816:
813:
807:
795:
789:
786:
780:
768:
762:
759:
753:
742:
736:
735:
717:
708:
702:
693:
687:
681:
680:
662:
653:
652:
634:
562:Camphill Schools
261:Francisco Ferrer
249:Maria Montessori
238:Friedrich Fröbel
195:Maria Montessori
172:systems thinking
70:
63:
59:
56:
50:
24:
23:
16:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1468:
1467:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1380:
1378:
1371:
1348:
1322:
1319:
1318:Standards-based
1311:
1258:
1249:Achievement gap
1237:
1178:Active learning
1166:
1137:Constance Kamii
1105:
1100:
1070:
1069:
1062:
1058:
1051:
1037:
1033:
1026:
1012:
1008:
1003:Wayback Machine
994:
983:
975:
971:
962:
960:
955:
954:
950:
939:
935:
927:
923:
916:
912:
905:
901:
894:
883:
876:
862:
855:
848:
832:
828:
823:
819:
814:
810:
796:
792:
787:
783:
769:
765:
760:
756:
752:. JSTOR 768812.
743:
739:
732:
718:
711:
703:
696:
688:
684:
677:
663:
656:
649:
635:
631:
626:
610:
558:
531:
522:
486:Flexible pacing
465:
416:
388:
371:
359:Basil Bernstein
347:
268:George Dennison
211:
187:Rudolph Steiner
125:
94:purpose in life
78:
71:
60:
54:
51:
44:
25:
21:
12:
11:
5:
1476:
1466:
1465:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1444:
1442:Whole language
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1402:Guided reading
1399:
1394:
1389:
1387:Decodable text
1383:
1381:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1369:
1364:
1358:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1325:
1323:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1268:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1256:
1251:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1193:Constructivism
1190:
1188:Cognitive load
1185:
1180:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1132:Caleb Gattegno
1129:
1124:
1119:
1117:Benjamin Bloom
1113:
1111:
1107:
1106:
1099:
1098:
1091:
1084:
1076:
1068:
1067:
1056:
1049:
1031:
1024:
1006:
981:
969:
948:
933:
921:
910:
899:
881:
874:
853:
846:
826:
817:
808:
790:
781:
763:
754:
737:
730:
709:
694:
682:
675:
654:
647:
628:
627:
625:
622:
609:
606:
605:
604:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
564:
557:
554:
553:
552:
547:
542:
537:
530:
527:
521:
520:Teacher's role
518:
500:meaningfulness
469:transformative
464:
461:
460:
459:
455:
454:
432:
431:
415:
412:
411:
410:
407:
404:
401:
395:
392:
387:
384:
383:
382:
379:
376:
370:
367:
351:Abraham Maslow
346:
343:
287:Abraham Maslow
275:Howard Gardner
253:Francis Parker
245:Rudolf Steiner
230:Bronson Alcott
210:
207:
203:H.P. Blavatsky
176:Emile Durkheim
161:United Nations
145:ancient Greece
124:
121:
76:
73:
72:
28:
26:
19:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1475:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1417:Rote learning
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1374:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1314:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1152:William Spady
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1127:Rheta DeVries
1125:
1123:
1122:Jerome Bruner
1120:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1097:
1092:
1090:
1085:
1083:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1065:
1060:
1052:
1046:
1042:
1035:
1027:
1021:
1017:
1010:
1004:
1000:
997:
992:
990:
988:
986:
979:
973:
958:
952:
945:
944:
937:
931:
925:
919:
914:
908:
903:
897:
892:
890:
888:
886:
877:
875:3-03910-342-3
871:
867:
860:
858:
849:
843:
839:
838:
830:
821:
812:
805:
801:
794:
785:
778:
774:
767:
758:
751:
747:
741:
733:
727:
723:
716:
714:
707:
701:
699:
692:
686:
678:
672:
668:
661:
659:
650:
644:
640:
633:
629:
621:
619:
615:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
576:Forest School
574:
572:
568:
565:
563:
560:
559:
551:
548:
546:
545:Homeschooling
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
532:
526:
517:
514:
509:
506:
505:Meta-learning
501:
496:
494:
489:
487:
482:
477:
474:
470:
457:
456:
452:
451:
446:
442:
441:relationships
438:
434:
433:
429:
428:
427:
424:
422:
408:
405:
402:
399:
398:Meta learning
396:
393:
390:
389:
380:
377:
373:
372:
366:
364:
361:'s notion of
360:
355:
352:
342:
340:
339:
334:
333:
328:
324:
323:North America
320:
314:
312:
306:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
269:
265:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
241:
239:
235:
231:
227:
226:Henry Thoreau
223:
219:
214:
206:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
183:
181:
177:
173:
169:
164:
162:
158:
152:
150:
146:
137:
129:
120:
118:
114:
110:
106:
105:relationships
102:
97:
95:
91:
87:
82:
69:
66:
58:
48:
43:
39:
35:
34:
27:
18:
17:
1377:Standardized
1162:Lev Vygotsky
1059:
1040:
1034:
1015:
1009:
972:
961:. Retrieved
959:. 2023-01-12
951:
941:
936:
924:
913:
902:
865:
836:
829:
820:
811:
793:
784:
766:
757:
740:
721:
689:Ron Miller,
685:
666:
638:
632:
611:
523:
512:
510:
504:
499:
497:
492:
490:
485:
480:
478:
468:
466:
448:
444:
440:
436:
425:
417:
362:
356:
348:
337:
331:
318:
315:
310:
307:
303:Paulo Freire
295:Paul Goodman
242:
215:
212:
184:
180:Alfred Adler
167:
165:
153:
142:
98:
80:
79:
61:
52:
45:Please help
41:
30:
1157:Marc Tucker
1147:Jean Piaget
1110:Individuals
550:Unschooling
535:Deschooling
481:connections
335:(2018) and
299:Ivan Illich
291:Carl Rogers
271:Kieran Egan
209:Development
49:if you can.
1379:curriculum
1320:assessment
1282:Goals 2000
963:2023-01-14
450:aesthetics
445:resilience
437:themselves
414:Curriculum
257:John Dewey
191:John Dewey
147:and other
123:Background
55:April 2016
1208:Inclusion
804:1680-7456
777:1680-7456
513:community
283:Carl Jung
1457:Category
1171:Theories
999:Archived
529:See also
369:Ultimacy
341:(2018).
86:identity
31:require
1412:Phonics
1407:Lecture
614:massage
301:, and
90:meaning
33:cleanup
1397:Grades
1242:Values
1047:
1022:
978:pages.
872:
844:
802:
775:
728:
706:2002).
673:
645:
540:Holism
421:Quaker
311:holism
236:, and
193:, and
92:, and
624:Notes
1045:ISBN
1020:ISBN
870:ISBN
842:ISBN
800:ISSN
773:ISSN
726:ISBN
671:ISBN
643:ISBN
618:yoga
616:and
569:and
327:STEM
201:and
115:and
746:doi
313:."
297:,
293:,
289:,
285:,
281:,
277:,
273:,
266:,
259:,
255:,
251:,
247:,
240:.
232:,
228:,
224:,
220:,
1459::
984:^
884:^
856:^
712:^
697:^
657:^
365:.
305:.
189:,
119:.
88:,
1095:e
1088:t
1081:v
1053:.
1028:.
966:.
878:.
850:.
806:)
779:)
748::
734:.
679:.
651:.
68:)
62:(
57:)
53:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
