1191:
867:, and due to the blockade of Iraqi oil pipelines to the Mediterranean Sea by Iran's ally Syria, Iraq had to rely on its ally, Kuwait and other Gulf Arab allies to a lesser extent to transport its oil. After increasing attacks on Iran's main oil export facility at Kharg Island by Iraq, Iran started to attack Kuwaiti tankers carrying Iraqi oil from 13 May 1984, and later attacking tankers from any Gulf state supporting Iraq. Attacks on ships of non-combatant nations in the Persian Gulf sharply increased thereafter, with both nations attacking oil tankers and
1082:
2170:
106:
3489:
50:
983:
1169:
three Little Bird aircraft and two patrol craft to the buoy. The aircraft arrived first and were fired upon by three
Iranian boats anchored near the buoy. In a short but intense firefight, the aircraft sank all three boats. The captured and wounded Iranians were later taken aboard the USS Guadalcanal for treatment. The injured Iranian detainees were returned through cooperation between the U.S. Red Cross and the Red Crescent.
2160:
118:
1096:, a largely secret effort to stop Iranian forces from attacking Persian Gulf shipping. Despite the protection offered by U.S. Navy vessels, Iran used mines and small boats to harass the convoys steaming to and from Kuwait, at the time a principal ally of Iraq. In late July 1987, Rear Admiral Harold J. Bernsen, commander of the
1168:
Within a few days, the special operations forces had determined the
Iranian pattern of activity: hide during the day near oil and gas platforms in Iranian waters and at night, head toward the Middle Shoals Buoy, a navigation aid for tankers. With this knowledge, the special operations forces launched
1031:
called it an "irreparable blow to
America's political and military prestige", and said that it was the "invisible hands " that hit the US-flagged ship, and expressed hope that the U.S. Congress would put an immediate end to the Administration's plan. The Congress was critical of the re-flagging
1335:
The two effects of
Earnest Will – Praying Mantis and the airliner's downing – helped convince Iran to agree to a ceasefire on 18 July 1988 and a permanent end to hostilities on 20 August 1988, ending its eight-year war with Iraq.
1242:
landed a SEAL platoon and a demolition unit that planted explosives on one of the platforms to destroy it. The SEALs then boarded and searched a third platform two miles away (3.2 km). Documents and radios were taken for intelligence.
886:. During the first four months of 1987, Kuwait turned to the superpowers, partly to protect oil exports but largely to seek an end to the war through superpower intervention. In December 1986, Kuwait's government asked the
2126:
3521:
1026:
The operation was widely publicized, and
American reporters aboard another ship in the convoy immediately issued reports about the incident, claiming it had "played into Iran's plan". Iran's Prime Minister
1100:, requested Naval Special Warfare assets. Special Boat Teams deployed with six Mark III Patrol Boats and two Navy SEAL platoons in August. The Middle East Force decided to convert two oil service barges,
1154:
At first light, a SEAL team, assisted by
Special Boat Teams, boarded the vessel and discovered nine mines on the vessel's deck, as well as a logbook revealing areas where previous mines had been laid.
2937:
2999:
2490:
2156:
1778:
2348:
856:-equipped French and Soviet aircraft. Saddam's aim in attacking Iranian shipping was, among other things, to provoke the Iranians to retaliate with extreme measures, such as closing the
2825:
1043:
in the
Persian Gulf, it did not have any easily accessible minesweepers at all, so the escort operation was placed on hold until minesweepers would be available. The Pentagon deployed
2318:
3561:
3556:
1035:
It was an unforeseen development. The commander of the task force admitted that in spite of intelligence warnings, no one had thought it necessary to check the route for
2646:
2371:
1296:
helicopter with a SEAL platoon flew toward the platform but was unable to get close enough because of the roaring fire. Secondary explosions soon wrecked the platform.
2308:
2148:
2957:
2614:
2840:
2746:
1670:
1640:
3531:
2273:
151:
1693:
3526:
3318:
2967:
2073:
1116:
827:
3383:
2303:
1385:
2560:
2520:
2343:
2338:
2333:
3546:
2641:
1067:
In the following 14 months, many U.S. warships took up escort duties. At one point, more than 30 warships were in the region to support the operation.
839:
3536:
3025:
2480:
2298:
1498:
1055:—dramatically increasing U.S. presence in the Persian Gulf, and increasing the probability of an Iran–U.S. confrontation. U.S. Secretary of Defense
2200:
2190:
860:
to all maritime traffic, thereby bringing
American intervention. Iran limited the retaliatory attacks to Iraqi shipping, leaving the strait open.
803:. The numerous ships used in Operation Earnest Will mostly consisted of Carrier Battle Groups, Surface Action Groups and ships from the Pacific's
1770:
1463:
2771:
2751:
2721:
2609:
2210:
2205:
2141:
2077:
2917:
1810:
1144:
turn off its lights and begin laying mines. After receiving permission to attack, the helicopters fired guns and rockets, stopping the ship.
1165:(EOD) technicians from EOD Mobile Unit 5 scuttled the vessel the following day. The logbook implicated Iran in mining international waters.
3120:
3035:
2465:
1268:
hit a mine, blowing an immense hole in its hull. 10 sailors were injured. The U.S. retaliated fiercely. On 18 April, U.S. forces launched
3551:
3398:
3290:
2581:
2512:
2256:
1044:
144:
3393:
3378:
3343:
3313:
3078:
2942:
2783:
1097:
781:
1884:
3492:
2952:
2736:
2624:
2470:
2134:
213:
3363:
815:
418:
3388:
2684:
897:, so the Kuwaiti ships were re-registered under the U.S. flag. Before Earnest Will formally began, it became clear how dangerous
823:
1552:
3073:
2927:
2656:
2535:
2438:
2230:
2220:
137:
3420:
2808:
2778:
2057:
1861:
1753:
1728:
1703:
1616:
1586:
1443:
1346:
escorted the operation's last tanker to Kuwait. The remaining SEALs, patrol boats, and helicopters then returned to the U.S.
17:
2858:
2651:
2460:
2195:
716:
2599:
2433:
1662:
1632:
3541:
3516:
3511:
3368:
3230:
2885:
2313:
3053:
3030:
2993:
2912:
2798:
2793:
2674:
2185:
2035:
2013:
1989:
1963:
1939:
1920:
1838:
1223:. Seventeen crewmen and the American captain were injured in the attack. On 18 October, the U.S. Navy responded with
1016:
1975:
795:
Other U.S. Navy vessels participated in
Operation Earnest Will. They were then under the command of the U.S. Navy's
2716:
2604:
2570:
2475:
2164:
919:, killing 37 sailors and injuring 21. Iraqi officials said that the targeting of the U.S. warship was accidental.
3328:
3145:
2788:
2731:
2448:
1173:
1120:
2095:
2726:
2711:
2455:
2215:
1392:
1262:
615:
187:
2261:
1235:
oil field, located on oil platforms, that had been used to stage attacks on shipping. After the shelling, the
1151:
s crew continued to push mines over the side, and the aircraft resumed firing until the crew abandoned ship.
2661:
2589:
2266:
332:
232:
2922:
2907:
2565:
2293:
601:
582:
570:
305:
3200:
3043:
2932:
2619:
2328:
1509:
1048:
796:
811:. They generally operated in and near the Persian Gulf for parts of their normal six-month deployments.
3475:
3450:
3425:
2803:
2495:
2485:
746:
326:
1912:
America's
Splendid Little Wars: A Short History of U.S. Engagements from the Fall of Saigon to Baghdad
1459:
2962:
2863:
2761:
1023:
proceeded under her own power to Kuwait, with the U.S. Navy escorts following behind to avoid mines.
808:
804:
367:
353:
192:
1288:
and Revolutionary Guard bases in the Sirri and Sassan oil fields. After U.S. warships bombarded the
874:
Besides concerns about the intensified Tanker War, the superpowers feared that the possible fall of
3430:
3190:
3068:
3063:
3020:
2982:
2741:
2545:
2421:
1269:
1252:
819:
701:
1112:, allowing special operations forces to thwart clandestine Iranian mining and small boat attacks.
2679:
2416:
2401:
1224:
1185:
694:
687:
634:
621:
319:
312:
1578:
1572:
3455:
3338:
2987:
2977:
2850:
2500:
2411:
2391:
1093:
1076:
864:
680:
658:
464:
237:
204:
177:
2108:
2086:
3373:
3323:
3195:
2902:
2897:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2835:
2594:
2540:
1311:
627:
450:
437:
374:
197:
55:
1609:
Covert Relationship: American Foreign Policy, Intelligence, and the Iran–Iraq War, 1980–1988
1427:
3295:
2766:
2756:
2550:
2323:
2251:
1878:
550:
890:
administration to send the U.S. Navy to protect Kuwaiti tankers against Iranian attacks.
8:
2530:
2381:
2225:
1355:
1318:
1305:
1190:
1052:
1028:
730:
543:
536:
529:
522:
506:
492:
485:
251:
1855:
Memorial of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Case Concerning the Aerial Incident of 3
1435:
1172:
Lessons from Earnest Will later led USSOCOM to acquire the patrol coastal ships and the
3440:
3415:
3250:
3225:
3210:
3185:
3175:
3125:
3090:
2972:
2947:
2525:
2376:
2115:
1216:
977:
952:
945:
902:
883:
777:
721:
672:
360:
263:
225:
182:
1081:
3095:
3015:
2830:
2636:
2396:
2366:
2283:
2081:
2053:
2031:
2025:
2009:
1985:
1959:
1935:
1916:
1834:
1749:
1724:
1699:
1612:
1582:
1545:
1533:
1460:"AllRefer.com – Iran – Gradual Superpower Involvement – Iranian Information Resource"
1439:
1277:
1056:
910:
845:
785:
762:
608:
589:
410:
345:
218:
161:
41:
930:
The U.S. Navy began Operation Earnest Will at 2:00 a.m. (EDT) on 23 July 1987.
3468:
3445:
3435:
3408:
3403:
3353:
3348:
3260:
3180:
3058:
2890:
2694:
2666:
2428:
2278:
2246:
1322:
1283:
1210:
879:
857:
641:
596:
499:
477:
470:
458:
430:
423:
402:
395:
388:
381:
244:
1854:
1310:
Thereafter, Iranian attacks on neutral ships dropped drastically. On 3 July 1988,
3160:
3140:
3115:
3105:
2699:
2629:
2575:
2443:
1910:
1865:
1556:
1161:
towed the mine layer (a converted tank landing craft) to the Iran-Iraq war zone.
1008:
938:
290:
258:
1695:
The Twilight War: The Secret History of America's Thirty-Year Conflict with Iran
1428:
27:
1987–88 U.S. military protection of Kuwaiti oil tankers during the Iran-Iraq War
3275:
3270:
3085:
2555:
1340:
577:
514:
278:
1546:
Formal Investigation into the Circumstances Surrounding the Attack of the USS
3505:
3245:
3220:
3215:
3170:
3165:
3155:
3150:
3130:
3110:
2169:
1198:
1162:
931:
887:
868:
285:
110:
105:
54:
A US Navy sailor scans for mines from the bow of the guided missile frigate
3333:
3265:
3235:
3135:
2103:
1109:
1012:
1001:
965:
were the first U.S. Navy ships assigned to escort the Kuwaiti oil tankers.
959:
898:
849:
800:
770:
86:
996:
On the very first escort mission, on 24 July 1987, the Kuwaiti oil tanker
893:
U.S. law forbade the use of navy ships to escort civilian vessels under a
3358:
3285:
3255:
3240:
3205:
2288:
1329:
1220:
1124:
1040:
1036:
922:
Members of both the U.S. House and Senate opposed the reflagging policy.
1995:
3280:
3100:
3048:
2813:
1202:
894:
758:
650:
2000:(Detailed look at guided missile frigate's operations and mine attack)
1039:, and it was soon brought out that not only did the U.S. not have any
848:
started when Iraq attacked the oil terminal and oil tankers at Iran's
49:
3461:
2049:
Inside the Danger Zone: The U.S. Military in the Persian Gulf 1987–88
2047:
1386:"Better Lucky Than Good: Operation Earnest Will as Gunboat Diplomacy"
1236:
1228:
1155:
913:
789:
3522:
Military operations of the Iran–Iraq War involving the United States
1880:
Operation Praying Mantis–Naval Historical Society of Australia
871:
of neutral nations in an effort to deprive their opponent of trade.
2491:
Donald Trump's threat for the destruction of Iranian cultural sites
2386:
1135:
982:
2704:
2090:
1258:
840:
Iran–Iraq War § The "Tanker War" and the "War of the Cities"
2938:
Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act
2027:
Decision at Sea: Five Naval Battles that Shaped American History
1859:
July 1988 (Islamic Republic of Iran v. United States of America)
129:
2826:
Attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq, Jordan, and Syria (2023–present)
1534:
Desert Storm at sea: what the Navy really did by Marvin Pokrant
1326:
906:
853:
766:
750:
62:
1032:
policy, but still didn't have a united position on the issue.
799:
which had primary responsibility for combat operations in the
792:
special-operations helicopters hunted for possible attackers.
2689:
2042:(Puts Operation Praying Mantis in broader historical context)
1293:
875:
2159:
1108:, into mobile sea bases. These were moored in the northern
754:
122:
117:
2309:
Phone conversation between Barack Obama and Hassan Rouhani
1723:. Commack, NY: Nova Science Publishers. pp. 136–147.
1019:
special unit, damaging the ship, but causing no injuries.
878:, which was now under threat, might lead to a pro-Iranian
2615:
United States raid on the Iranian Liaison Office in Erbil
1051:
helicopters, five oceangoing minesweepers, and six small
852:
in early 1984. Iraq had expanded its air force with new,
784:, were the operations' most visible part. U.S. Air Force
2841:
Iranian interference in the 2024 United States elections
2747:
December 2019 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria
2274:
Treaty of Amity, Economic Relations and Consular Rights
1292:
base, located on an oil platform, and set it ablaze, a
1007:
and accompanied by US navy warships, struck an Iranian
2958:
Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act
1625:
299:
Iranian offensives to free Iranian territory (1981–82)
3319:
Academic relations between Iran and the United States
2968:
United States Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran
1383:
828:
160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment (Airborne)
3384:
Our enemy is here, they are lying that it is America
2304:
Correspondence between Barack Obama and Ali Khamenei
2521:
Assassination of Paul R. Shaffer and John H. Turner
1746:
The Iran–Iraq War: A Military and Strategic History
1484:"Kuwaiti Call for Help Led to U.S. Role in Gulf".
3026:Iranian Students Association in the United States
1721:The Superpowers' Involvement in the Iran–Iraq War
1257:On 14 April 1988, 65 miles (105 km) east of
830:("Nightstalkers") aviators all working together.
3562:Military operations of the Iran–Iraq War in 1988
3557:Military operations of the Iran–Iraq War in 1987
3503:
2561:Jimmy Carter's engagement with Ruhollah Khomeini
1930:Levinson, Jeffrey L.; Edwards, Randy L. (1997).
1929:
1611:. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Praeger. p. 202.
807:and Seventh Fleets and the Mediterranean-based
757:attacks in 1987 and 1988, three years into the
77:24 July 1987 – 26 September 1988
3532:United States Marine Corps in the 20th century
2772:February 2021 United States airstrike in Syria
2752:Attack on the United States embassy in Baghdad
2722:Deportation of Iranian students at US airports
2610:United States kill or capture strategy in Iraq
2299:Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's letter to George W. Bush
2211:Consulate-General of the United States, Tabriz
2206:Interests Section of Iran in the United States
1321:for an Iranian F-14 and shot it down over the
1219:while at anchor near the oil terminal outside
901:operations would be. On 17 May 1987, an Iraqi
2918:Iran, North Korea, Syria Nonproliferation Act
2142:
1663:"Mine Blast Turns A Calm Gulf Cruise Chaotic"
1633:"Mine Blast Turns A Calm Gulf Cruise Chaotic"
1425:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1231:shelled two Revolutionary Guard bases in the
145:
3527:Operations involving American special forces
3040:Public Affairs Alliance of Iranian Americans
3036:Organization of Iranian American Communities
2104:March to October 1988; includes Prime Chance
1806:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1566:
1564:
1325:. All 290 passengers and aircrew aboard the
780:warships that escorted the tankers, part of
3399:United States and state-sponsored terrorism
2257:Nationalization of the Iranian oil industry
1908:
1748:. Cambridge University Press. p. 306.
1743:
1391:. Naval Postgraduate School. Archived from
1246:
1045:Helicopter Mine Countermeasures Squadron 14
1011:planted some 20 miles (32 km) west of
814:It was the first tactical operation of the
3394:United States involvement in regime change
3379:Opposition to military action against Iran
2943:Iran Freedom and Counter-Proliferation Act
2784:June 2021 United States airstrike in Syria
2149:
2135:
1570:
1410:
1368:
1272:, attacking the Iranian fast-attack craft
1179:
745:(24 July 1987 – 26 September 1988) was an
152:
138:
2737:2019 Iranian shoot-down of American drone
2471:International Maritime Security Construct
1793:
1771:"Navy learns many lessons in gulf battle"
1762:
1744:Murray, Williamson; Woods, Kevin (2014).
1561:
1539:
1209:On 15 October, the reflagged U.S. tanker
1070:
3537:Battles and conflicts without fatalities
3364:International Conference on Hollywoodism
2582:America can't do a damn thing against us
2201:Ambassadors of the United States to Iran
2191:Ambassadors of Iran to the United States
2100:More photos from Operation Earnest Will
2003:
1973:
1824:
1811:United States Special Operations Command
1602:
1600:
1598:
1332:died, including 65 children or infants.
1189:
1080:
1062:
981:
844:The so-called "Tanker War" phase of the
816:United States Special Operations Command
3079:People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran
2023:
1833:. United States Naval Institute Press.
1059:indirectly provoked Iran to retaliate.
992:s convoy route and the place it was hit
788:radar planes provided surveillance and
14:
3504:
3074:National Council of Resistance of Iran
2231:Iran Syria Policy and Operations Group
1953:
1820:
1818:
1718:
1673:from the original on 23 September 2017
1643:from the original on 23 September 2017
1606:
1201:set ablaze after shelling by American
3547:Iran–United States military relations
3421:American Institute of Iranian Studies
3000:Alleged violations of Treaty of Amity
2779:Leaked Mohammad Javad Zarif audiotape
2130:
2020:(Account of Operation Praying Mantis)
1691:
1685:
1595:
968:
133:
2859:United States sanctions against Iran
2652:2011 alleged Iran assassination plot
2647:United States diplomatic cables leak
2196:Embassy of the United States, Tehran
2052:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
2045:
2008:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
1984:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
1934:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
1768:
1574:The Iran–Iraq War: Chaos in a Vacuum
717:1981 Iraqi embassy bombing in Beirut
444:Iranian offensives in Iraq (1985–87)
340:Iranian offensives in Iraq (1982–84)
2600:Lawrence Franklin espionage scandal
1958:. University Press of the Pacific.
1815:
1781:from the original on 5 January 2022
1384:Stephen Andrew Kelley (June 2007).
24:
3369:Iran and state-sponsored terrorism
3231:Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran
2439:Arab–Israeli alliance against Iran
2314:Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action
2221:Iran–United States Claims Tribunal
1970:(U.S. Navy operations in the Gulf)
1902:
1887:from the original on 28 April 2021
25:
3573:
3054:Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps
3031:National Iranian American Council
2994:Rubin v. Islamic Republic of Iran
2953:Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act
2794:August 2021 Gulf of Oman incident
2186:Embassy of Iran, Washington, D.C.
2067:
1769:Pyle, Richard (26 October 1988).
1466:from the original on 28 June 2011
782:U.S. Naval Forces Central Command
159:
61:during an Operation Earnest Will
3488:
3487:
3291:Iranian Guantanamo Bay detainees
2605:Disappearance of Robert Levinson
2476:Assassination of Qasem Soleimani
2466:Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition
2461:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
2168:
2158:
2030:. USA: Oxford University Press.
1977:No Higher Honor: Saving the USS
1827:No Higher Honor: Saving the USS
1047:(HM-14) with eight minesweeping
1000:, re-flagged as the U.S. tanker
116:
104:
48:
3329:Anti-American sentiment in Iran
2809:2023 Northeastern Syria clashes
2789:July 2021 Gulf of Oman incident
2732:June 2019 Gulf of Oman incident
2449:February 2019 Warsaw Conference
1871:
1847:
1825:Peniston, Bradley (July 2006).
1737:
1712:
1698:. New York: The Penguin Press.
1655:
1571:Pelletiere, Stephen C. (1992).
1426:Karsh, Efraim (25 April 2002).
1174:Mark V Special Operations Craft
3552:Kuwait–United States relations
2928:Iran Sanctions Enhancement Act
2727:May 2019 Gulf of Oman incident
2712:Kidnapping of Hossein Alikhani
2372:United States support for Iraq
2216:Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs
2076:of lessons from the battle by
1577:. New York: Praeger. pp.
1527:
1491:
1478:
1452:
1434:. Osprey Publishing. pp.
863:Becoming landlocked after the
188:1979 Kurdish rebellion in Iran
13:
1:
2799:2021 U.S.–Iran naval incident
1361:
1092:Earnest Will overlapped with
925:
833:
2923:Iran Freedom and Support Act
2908:Iran and Libya Sanctions Act
2642:Detention of American hikers
2566:1980 October Surprise theory
2165:Iran–United States relations
2006:Great American Naval Battles
1430:The Iran–Iraq War: 1980–1988
1140:. The Nightstalkers watched
1121:MH-6 and AH-6 "Little Birds"
884:Shia-populated southern Iraq
7:
3044:United Against Nuclear Iran
2620:Kidnapping of Jalal Sharafi
1909:Huchthausen, Peter (2004).
1349:
1163:Explosive Ordnance Disposal
1123:took off from the frigates
765:. It was the largest naval
10:
3578:
3476:Not for the Faint of Heart
3451:Saint Peter Church, Tehran
3426:American School of Isfahan
3389:State Sponsor of Terrorism
2963:Dames & Moore v. Regan
2804:2022 Erbil missile attacks
2496:Operation Martyr Soleimani
2486:Thirteen revenge scenarios
2456:Iran–Israel proxy conflict
2024:Symonds, Craig L. (2005).
1974:Peniston, Bradley (2006).
1853:Islamic Republic of Iran.
1303:
1299:
1250:
1183:
1134:to track an Iranian ship,
1074:
975:
837:
3517:1988 in the United States
3512:1987 in the United States
3485:
3314:1998 FIFA World Cup match
3306:
3008:
2913:Iran Nonproliferation Act
2864:Maximum pressure campaign
2849:
2762:2021 Erbil rocket attacks
2511:
2359:
2239:
2178:
2046:Wise, Harold Lee (2007).
1956:On Course to Desert Storm
1607:Gibson, Bryan R. (2010).
1215:was struck by an Iranian
193:1979 Khuzestan insurgency
169:
97:
69:
47:
39:
34:
3431:Community School, Tehran
3191:Ezedin Abdel Aziz Khalil
3069:National Council of Iran
3064:Kingdom Assembly of Iran
2983:Bank Markazi v. Peterson
2742:2019 K-1 Air Base attack
2657:Strait of Hormuz dispute
2590:Beirut barracks bombings
2546:Operation Credible Sport
2422:Operation Praying Mantis
2262:1953 Iranian coup d'Ă©tat
1954:Palmer, Michael (2003).
1270:Operation Praying Mantis
1253:Operation Praying Mantis
1247:Operation Praying Mantis
818:(USSOCOM) that involved
419:Kurdish rebellion (1983)
2933:Kyl–Lieberman Amendment
2680:Nuclear program of Iran
2417:Operation Nimble Archer
2402:Operation Eager Glacier
2004:Sweetman, Jack (1998).
1225:Operation Nimble Archer
1186:Operation Nimble Archer
1180:Operation Nimble Archer
1015:the night earlier by a
710:International incidents
3456:Tehran American School
3339:CIA activities in Iran
3009:Groups and individuals
2988:Certain Iranian Assets
2978:United States v. Banki
2717:Arrest of Meng Wanzhou
2501:2020 Camp Taji attacks
2412:Operation Prime Chance
2407:Operation Earnest Will
2267:Abadan Crisis Timeline
2117:Inside the Danger Zone
2087:Operation Earnest Will
1868:. p. 15. 24 July 1990.
1339:On 26 September 1988,
1206:
1094:Operation Prime Chance
1089:
1077:Operation Prime Chance
1071:Operation Prime Chance
993:
911:guided missile frigate
743:Operation Earnest Will
205:Iraqi invasion of Iran
178:1975 Algiers Agreement
35:Operation Earnest Will
3542:Iran–Kuwait relations
3374:Iranian frozen assets
3196:Shahrzad Mirgholikhan
2903:Executive Order 13876
2898:Executive Order 13780
2881:Executive Order 13769
2876:Executive Order 12172
2871:Executive Order 12170
2836:Tower 22 drone attack
2595:Khobar Towers bombing
2541:Guadeloupe Conference
1915:. New York: Penguin.
1719:Tarock, Adam (1998).
1692:Crist, David (2013).
1304:Further information:
1197:, one of two Iranian
1193:
1084:
1063:Subsequent operations
985:
538:Karbala 8 (7th Basra)
198:Iranian Embassy siege
18:Operation Ernest Will
3296:Abdul Majid Muhammed
3021:Iran–America Society
2767:2021 Natanz incident
2757:2020 Iran explosions
2551:Operation Eagle Claw
2513:Incidents after 1979
2324:Joint Plan of Action
2252:Persian Gulf Command
1864:17 July 2013 at the
1777:. Associated Press.
1053:coastal minesweepers
753:-owned tankers from
660:June 5 1984 Skirmish
3344:Copyright relations
2675:2016 Naval incident
2531:Iran hostage crisis
2382:Iran Air Flight 655
2294:Island of Stability
2226:Iranian Directorate
1981:in the Persian Gulf
1883:, 6 November 2020,
1831:in the Persian Gulf
1555:28 May 2010 at the
1499:"Attack on the USS
1356:Iran Air Flight 655
1319:Iran Air Flight 655
1306:Iran Air Flight 655
1085:A MH-60 landing on
1029:Mir Hossein Mousavi
731:Iran Air Flight 655
617:Tawakalna ala Allah
564:Final stages (1988)
3441:Iran Bethel School
3416:Alborz High School
3251:Abdolreza Shahlaei
3226:Sahar Nowrouzzadeh
3211:Mohammad Mosaddegh
3186:Amir Mirza Hekmati
3176:Mahmoud Reza Banki
3126:Erwin David Rabhan
3091:Howard Baskerville
2973:Oil Platforms case
2948:Public Law 113-100
2625:2008 Naval dispute
2526:Iranian Revolution
2392:Iran–Contra affair
2377:Bridgeton incident
2096:Attack Squadron 95
2091:GlobalSecurity.org
1438:–8, 12–16, 19–82.
1207:
1090:
994:
978:Bridgeton Incident
824:Special Boat Units
603:Beit-ol-Moqaddas 4
584:Beit-ol-Moqaddas 3
572:Beit-ol-Moqaddas 2
362:Muharram ol-Harram
183:Iranian Revolution
65:mission, June 1988
3499:
3498:
3201:Mohammad Hosseini
3096:William J. Fallon
3016:Iran Action Group
2831:2024 Erbil attack
2637:Project Cassandra
2397:Operation Staunch
2284:Project Dark Gene
2082:Anthony Cordesman
2059:978-1-59114-970-5
1979:Samuel B. Roberts
1829:Samuel B. Roberts
1755:978-1-107-06229-0
1730:978-1-56072-593-0
1705:978-1-101-57234-4
1618:978-0-313-38610-7
1588:978-0-275-93843-7
1486:Los Angeles Times
1445:978-1-84176-371-2
1265:Samuel B. Roberts
1115:On 21 September,
1098:Middle East Force
1057:Caspar Weinberger
747:American military
739:
738:
172:Pre-war incidents
128:
127:
93:
92:
16:(Redirected from
3569:
3491:
3490:
3446:Iranzamin School
3436:Damavand College
3409:Alavi Foundation
3404:650 Fifth Avenue
3354:Dual containment
3349:Death to America
3261:Masoud Soleimani
3181:Haleh Esfandiari
3146:Michael R. White
2891:Trump travel ban
2695:Operation Merlin
2434:Yemeni Civil War
2429:Syrian civil war
2279:Exercise Delawar
2247:Persian Corridor
2179:Diplomatic posts
2173:
2172:
2163:
2162:
2151:
2144:
2137:
2128:
2127:
2063:
2041:
2019:
1999:
1998:on 12 July 2006.
1994:. Archived from
1969:
1945:
1926:
1896:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1875:
1869:
1858:
1851:
1845:
1844:
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1741:
1735:
1734:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1669:. 25 July 1987.
1659:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1639:. 25 July 1987.
1629:
1623:
1622:
1604:
1593:
1592:
1568:
1559:
1543:
1537:
1531:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1514:
1508:. Archived from
1507:
1495:
1489:
1482:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1462:. allrefer.com.
1456:
1450:
1449:
1433:
1423:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1397:
1390:
1381:
1323:Strait of Hormuz
1217:Silkworm missile
1150:
991:
909:missiles at the
880:Islamic republic
865:Battle of al-Faw
858:Strait of Hormuz
769:operation since
597:Halabja massacre
333:2nd Khorramshahr
328:Beit-ol-Moqaddas
272:Stalemate (1981)
233:1st Khorramshahr
164:
154:
147:
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71:
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52:
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21:
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3302:
3161:Saeid Aboutaleb
3141:Craig Wadsworth
3116:Stephen D. Mull
3106:Joseph Macmanus
3004:
2845:
2700:Charming Kitten
2662:RQ-170 incident
2630:Filipino Monkey
2576:Algiers Accords
2507:
2444:Abraham Accords
2355:
2349:U.S. withdrawal
2235:
2174:
2167:
2157:
2155:
2110:No Higher Honor
2070:
2060:
2038:
2016:
1992:
1966:
1942:
1932:Missile Inbound
1923:
1905:
1903:Further reading
1900:
1899:
1890:
1888:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1866:Wayback Machine
1856:
1852:
1848:
1841:
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1775:Lakeland Ledger
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1667:Chicago Tribune
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1637:Chicago Tribune
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1276:, the frigates
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1009:underwater mine
989:
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712:
654:
566:
446:
369:Before the Dawn
355:Moslem Ibn Aqil
307:Samen-ol-A'emeh
301:
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214:Iraqi airstrike
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3324:American Islam
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3086:Elliott Abrams
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2556:Canadian Caper
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2068:External links
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1488:. 4 July 1988.
1477:
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1444:
1409:
1398:on 5 June 2010
1366:
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1358:
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1298:
1261:, the frigate
1251:Main article:
1248:
1245:
1184:Main article:
1181:
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1117:Night Stalkers
1075:Main article:
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976:Main article:
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869:merchant ships
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749:protection of
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703:Praying Mantis
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2427:
2423:
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2413:
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2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
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2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2368:
2367:Iran–Iraq War
2365:
2364:
2362:
2358:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
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2300:
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2255:
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2250:
2248:
2245:
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2242:
2238:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2177:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2152:
2147:
2145:
2140:
2138:
2133:
2132:
2129:
2125:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2074:1990 analysis
2072:
2071:
2061:
2055:
2051:
2050:
2044:
2039:
2037:0-19-517145-4
2033:
2029:
2028:
2022:
2017:
2015:1-55750-794-5
2011:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1993:
1991:1-59114-661-5
1987:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1972:
1967:
1965:1-4102-0495-2
1961:
1957:
1952:
1949:
1943:
1941:1-55750-517-9
1937:
1933:
1928:
1924:
1922:0-14-200465-0
1918:
1914:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1886:
1882:
1881:
1874:
1867:
1863:
1860:
1850:
1842:
1840:1-59114-661-5
1836:
1832:
1828:
1821:
1819:
1812:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1765:
1757:
1751:
1747:
1740:
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1726:
1722:
1715:
1707:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1688:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1658:
1642:
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1634:
1628:
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1603:
1601:
1599:
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1584:
1580:
1576:
1575:
1567:
1565:
1558:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1542:
1535:
1530:
1515:on 1 May 2011
1511:
1504:
1502:
1494:
1487:
1481:
1465:
1461:
1455:
1447:
1441:
1437:
1432:
1431:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1394:
1387:
1380:
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1376:
1374:
1372:
1367:
1357:
1354:
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1297:
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1281:
1280:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1266:
1260:
1254:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1213:
1212:Sea Isle City
1204:
1200:
1199:oil platforms
1196:
1192:
1187:
1177:
1175:
1170:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1159:
1152:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1138:
1133:
1129:
1128:
1122:
1118:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1068:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1033:
1030:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1005:
999:
988:
984:
979:
971:
966:
964:
963:
957:
956:
950:
949:
943:
942:
936:
935:
923:
920:
918:
917:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
891:
889:
885:
881:
877:
872:
870:
866:
861:
859:
855:
851:
847:
846:Iran–Iraq War
841:
831:
829:
825:
821:
817:
812:
810:
806:
802:
798:
797:Seventh Fleet
793:
791:
787:
783:
779:
774:
772:
768:
764:
763:Iran–Iraq War
761:phase of the
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
732:
729:
727:
725:
720:
718:
715:
714:
713:
711:
705:
704:
700:
698:
697:
696:Nimble Archer
693:
691:
690:
689:Eager Glacier
686:
684:
683:
679:
677:
675:
671:
669:
668:
664:
662:
661:
657:
656:
655:
653:
652:
645:
644:
640:
638:
637:
636:Eternal Light
633:
631:
630:
626:
623:
619:
618:
614:
612:
611:
607:
605:
604:
600:
598:
595:
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588:
586:
585:
581:
579:
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569:
568:
567:
565:
559:
556:
554:
553:
549:
547:
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539:
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533:
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519:
517:
513:
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484:
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457:
455:
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448:
447:
445:
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436:
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429:
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415:
413:
409:
407:
405:
401:
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394:
392:
391:
387:
385:
384:
380:
378:
377:
373:
371:
370:
366:
364:
363:
359:
357:
356:
352:
350:
348:
344:
343:
342:
341:
334:
330:
329:
325:
323:
322:
321:Fath-ol-Mobin
318:
316:
315:
314:Tariq-ol-Qods
311:
309:
308:
304:
303:
302:
300:
294:
293:
289:
287:
284:
282:
281:
277:
276:
275:
273:
267:
266:
262:
260:
257:
255:
254:
250:
248:
247:
243:
241:
240:
236:
234:
231:
229:
228:
224:
222:
221:
217:
215:
212:
211:
210:
208:
206:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
175:
173:
168:
163:
162:Iran–Iraq War
155:
150:
148:
143:
141:
136:
135:
132:
124:
119:
114:
112:
111:United States
107:
102:
101:
96:
88:
84:
81:
80:
76:
73:
72:
68:
64:
60:
59:
51:
46:
43:
42:Iran–Iraq War
38:
33:
30:
19:
3474:
3467:
3334:Axis of evil
3266:Morad Tahbaz
3236:Noor Pahlavi
3136:Scott Ritter
2992:
2819:
2815:
2668:
2580:
2571:Negotiations
2406:
2319:Negotiations
2124:
2116:
2109:
2048:
2026:
2005:
1996:the original
1980:
1976:
1955:
1947:
1931:
1911:
1889:, retrieved
1879:
1873:
1849:
1830:
1826:
1783:. Retrieved
1774:
1764:
1745:
1739:
1720:
1714:
1694:
1687:
1675:. Retrieved
1666:
1657:
1645:. Retrieved
1636:
1627:
1608:
1573:
1547:
1541:
1529:
1517:. Retrieved
1510:the original
1500:
1493:
1485:
1480:
1468:. Retrieved
1454:
1429:
1400:. Retrieved
1393:the original
1342:
1338:
1334:
1313:
1309:
1289:
1284:
1278:
1273:
1264:
1256:
1238:
1232:
1211:
1208:
1194:
1171:
1167:
1157:
1153:
1145:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1114:
1110:Persian Gulf
1106:Wimbrown VII
1105:
1101:
1091:
1086:
1066:
1041:minesweepers
1034:
1025:
1020:
1013:Farsi Island
1003:
997:
995:
986:
969:
961:
954:
947:
940:
933:
929:
921:
915:
899:Persian Gulf
895:foreign flag
892:
873:
862:
850:Kharg Island
843:
813:
801:Persian Gulf
794:
775:
771:World War II
742:
741:
723:
709:
708:
702:
695:
688:
682:Prime Chance
681:
673:
667:Earnest Will
666:
665:
659:
649:
648:
642:
635:
628:
616:
609:
602:
590:
583:
571:
563:
562:
557:
551:
544:
537:
530:
523:
515:
507:
500:
493:
486:
478:
471:
459:
451:
443:
442:
431:
424:
411:
403:
396:
389:
382:
375:
368:
361:
354:
346:
339:
338:
327:
320:
313:
306:
298:
297:
291:
279:
271:
270:
264:
252:
245:
239:Scorch Sword
238:
226:
219:
203:
202:
171:
98:Belligerents
87:Persian Gulf
57:
40:Part of the
29:
3359:Great Satan
3286:Nizar Zakka
3256:Ali Shakeri
3241:Trita Parsi
3206:Esha Momeni
2851:Legislation
2814:Seizure of
2289:Safari Club
1946:(about the
1647:17 February
1221:Kuwait City
1049:SeaStallion
1037:naval mines
882:in largely
809:Sixth Fleet
629:Forty Stars
518:(6th Basra)
510:(5th Basra)
454:(4th Basra)
414:(3rd Basra)
406:(2nd Basra)
349:(1st Basra)
3506:Categories
3281:Xiyue Wang
3121:Jon Pattis
3101:Brian Hook
3049:Farashgard
2820:St Nikolas
2816:Suez Rajan
1891:6 November
1785:24 October
1402:9 November
1362:References
1343:Vandegrift
1317:, mistook
1229:destroyers
1203:destroyers
926:Operations
905:fired two
903:F-1 Mirage
838:See also:
834:Background
820:Navy SEALs
759:Tanker War
651:Tanker War
622:2nd al-Faw
552:Karbala 10
465:1st al-Faw
3469:Overthrow
3462:Bomb Iran
3059:Jundallah
2886:reactions
2481:reactions
2360:Conflicts
2344:Aftermath
2339:Criticism
2334:Reactions
2329:Framework
2240:Diplomacy
1519:10 August
1341:USS
1314:Vincennes
1312:USS
1263:USS
1237:USS
1156:USS
1125:USS
1021:Bridgeton
1004:Bridgeton
998:al-Rekkah
987:Bridgeton
970:Bridgeton
960:USS
953:USS
946:USS
939:USS
934:Crommelin
932:USS
914:USS
790:U.S. Army
778:U.S. Navy
674:Bridgeton
545:Karbala 9
531:Karbala 7
524:Karbala 6
516:Karbala 5
508:Karbala 4
494:Karbala 3
487:Karbala 2
479:Karbala 1
253:Sultan 10
56:USS
3493:Category
2685:Timeline
2667:MV
2536:Timeline
2387:Iran Ajr
1885:archived
1862:Archived
1779:Archived
1677:25 April
1671:Archived
1641:Archived
1553:Archived
1470:3 August
1464:Archived
1350:See also
1146:Iran Ajr
1142:Iran Ajr
1137:Iran Ajr
1132:Klakring
1130:and USS
1102:Hercules
1087:Hercules
1017:Pasdaran
972:incident
962:Klakring
726:incident
676:incident
481:(Mehran)
265:Morvarid
227:Kaman 99
82:Location
58:Nicholas
3307:Related
2705:Stuxnet
1950:attack)
1579:125–130
1550:in 1987
1536:, P 43.
1300:Endgame
1279:Sabalan
1259:Bahrain
1227:. Four
1127:Jarrett
1119:flying
755:Iranian
751:Kuwaiti
610:Zafar 7
591:Dawn 10
438:Marshes
412:Kheibar
347:Ramadan
220:Revenge
2056:
2034:
2012:
1988:
1962:
1938:
1919:
1857:
1837:
1752:
1727:
1702:
1615:
1585:
1442:
1330:A300B2
1327:Airbus
1285:Sahand
1274:Joshan
1233:Rostam
1195:Rostam
958:, and
948:Worden
907:Exocet
888:Reagan
854:Exocet
826:, and
767:convoy
643:Mersad
558:Nasr 4
501:Fath 1
472:Dawn 9
460:Dawn 8
432:Dawn 7
425:Dawn 6
404:Dawn 5
397:Dawn 4
390:Dawn 3
383:Dawn 2
376:Dawn 1
259:Abadan
246:Dezful
207:(1980)
63:convoy
1948:Stark
1548:Stark
1513:(PDF)
1506:(PDF)
1501:Stark
1396:(PDF)
1389:(PDF)
1294:UH-60
1290:Sirri
1239:Thach
1158:Hawes
1149:'
990:'
916:Stark
876:Basra
805:Third
786:AWACS
724:Stark
292:Opera
2818:and
2690:P5+1
2078:CSIS
2054:ISBN
2032:ISBN
2010:ISBN
1986:ISBN
1960:ISBN
1936:ISBN
1917:ISBN
1893:2020
1835:ISBN
1787:2020
1750:ISBN
1725:ISBN
1700:ISBN
1679:2012
1649:2017
1613:ISBN
1583:ISBN
1521:2010
1472:2015
1440:ISBN
1404:2007
1282:and
1104:and
955:Kidd
776:The
722:USS
452:Badr
280:Nasr
123:Iran
74:Date
2089:on
2080:'s
1002:MV
941:Fox
286:H-3
3508::
1817:^
1795:^
1773:.
1665:.
1635:.
1597:^
1581:.
1563:^
1412:^
1370:^
1176:.
951:,
944:,
937:,
822:,
773:.
3464:"
3460:"
2150:e
2143:t
2136:v
2062:.
2040:.
2018:.
1968:.
1944:.
1925:.
1843:.
1789:.
1758:.
1733:.
1708:.
1681:.
1651:.
1621:.
1591:.
1523:.
1503:"
1474:.
1448:.
1436:1
1406:.
1205:.
624:)
620:(
467:)
463:(
335:)
331:(
153:e
146:t
139:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
