411:
249:, the three oaths were combined into one, led by an athlete, although representatives of judges and coaches are still involved in the taking of the oath. In July 2021 the oath was further refined to highlight inclusion and equality. The changes to the wording came from the IOC Athletes’ Commission. In addition the number of oath takers at each games were expanded from three to six, to ensure a member of each gender was represented in each oath as part of a commitment to promote women in sport at all levels and in all structures, as stated in the Olympic Charter.
39:. Each oath taker is from the host nation and takes the oath on behalf of all athletes, officials, or coaches at the Games. The athletes' oath was first introduced for the 1920 Summer Olympic Games, with oaths for the officials and coaches added in 1972 and 2010. The oath is usually said in the language of the nation which is hosting the games; however, in 1994 both the athletes' and officials' oaths were said in English. Until the 1984 games the oath takers swore upon their nation's flag; since then all have taken the oath whilst holding the
3289:
423:
478:
439:
396:
3384:
448:
245:(WADA) in an effort to form a more organized battle against doping. Thus, the Athletes Oath was amended to include references to doping and drugs. In 2010 the IOC recognised that younger athletes, in particular, are influenced by their coaches. At the first Youth Olympic Games, coaches were also required to undertake an oath for this reason. With effect from the
3056:
384:
We promise to take part in these
Olympic Games, respecting and abiding by the rules and in the spirit of fair play, inclusion and equality. Together we stand in solidarity and commit ourselves to sport without doping, without cheating, without any form of discrimination. We do this for the honour of
229:
All persons up until the 1980 Games swore the oath on their country's flag. However, in an attempt to eliminate nationalism from the oath ceremony, all have sworn on the
Olympic Flag since the 1984 games. The oaths are usually spoken in the language of the host nation (or athlete's mother tongue –
262:
In the name of all competitors, I promise that we shall take part in these
Olympic Games, respecting and abiding by the rules which govern them, committing ourselves to a sport without doping and without drugs, in the true spirit of sportsmanship, for the glory of sport and the honor of our
345:
We promise to take part in these
Olympic Games, respecting and abiding by the rules and in the spirit of fair play. We all commit ourselves to sport without doping and cheating. We do this, for the glory of sport, for the honour of our teams and in respect for the Fundamental Principles of
3146:
3049:
298:
In the name of all the coaches and other members of the athletes' entourage, I promise that we shall commit ourselves to ensuring that the spirit of sportsmanship and fair play is fully adhered to and upheld in accordance with the fundamental principles of
1742:
94:
at the 1972 Winter
Olympic Games. When the Youth Olympics were created the IOC decided to have an oath for coaches as they realised that young athletes look to them particularly. This was introduced into the adult games for the 2012 edition.
82:
took the athletes' oath together, until 2021 when rules around gender equality decreed that each oath would be taken by a man and a woman. The oath has changed over the years to remove nationalism and to reflect drugs in sport and equality.
3139:
2759:
176:
In the name of all competitors, I promise that we shall take part in these
Olympic Games, respecting and abiding by the rules that govern them, in the true spirit of sportsmanship, for the glory of sport and the honour of our
3002:
2968:
3101:
2240:
278:
In the name of all the judges and officials, I promise that we shall officiate in these
Olympic Games with complete impartiality, respecting and abiding by the rules which govern them, in the true spirit of
186:
asked all its officials to undertake an oath. In 1970 the IOC amended rule 57 of the charter and decreed that a judge from the host nation would also take an oath. The first judges' oath was taken at the
1243:
2697:
2833:
2752:
2567:
2600:
2323:
2992:
2961:
2452:
3094:
2232:
2507:
3188:
152:
At a winter sports week in
Chamonix in 1924, which were retrospectively call the Olympic Games in 1926, all the competitors took an Olympic style oath and were led by
1737:
356:
In July 2021 the oath was updated to include elements around inclusion and equality. The oath from now on would be said by a man and a woman of each discipline.
1945:
2690:
2353:
3213:
2826:
1749:
2533:
2730:
167:
In 1961, "swear" was replaced by "promise" and "the honour of our countries" by "the honour of our teams" in an effort to eliminate nationalism at the
2862:
2559:
54:. An oath for the athletes was first thought of in 1906, following unsportsmanlike incidents. An athletes' oath was introduced for the 1920 games and
2408:
2273:
3318:
1821:
2193:
2592:
1972:
1709:
2923:
1850:
2315:
2444:
74:, who took it at the 1936 Games. The only occasion where more than one person has said an oath occurred at the 1988 Summer Olympics when
2115:
Crowther, Nigel (2008). "Olympic Rules and
Regulations:Some Observations on the Swearing of Olympic Oaths in Ancient and Modern Times".
90:(IOC) voted to include an oath of the officials as well as athletes at the Olympic Games. The first oath for the officials was taken by
3170:
3125:
3080:
3023:
2627:
3417:
3278:
183:
147:
We swear. We will take part in the
Olympic Games in a spirit of chivalry, for the honour of our country and for the glory of sport.
2499:
2898:
257:
The chosen athlete, a representative of all the participating Olympic competitors, recited the following from 2000 until 2016:
214:
become the first female athlete to take the oath at the Summer Games; women had been competing at the games since 1900. At the
3184:
2424:
2388:
2289:
2164:
2124:
234:
represented Yugoslavia but spoke Slovenian), but in 1994 both of the oaths were conducted in English rather than Norwegian.
2478:
3345:
385:
our teams, in respect for the Fundamental Principles of Olympism, and to make the world a better place through sport.
127:
in French). This was done in an effort to ensure fairness and impartiality. The Olympic Oath was first taken at the
2117:
Antike Lebenswelten : Konstanz, Wandel, Wirkungsmacht : Festschrift für Ingomar Weiler zum 70. Geburtstag
1189:
238:
112:
87:
3234:
2345:
3209:
3328:
3271:
2529:
1071:
2722:
3323:
2858:
1408:
1292:
273:
The judge/official, also from the host nation, likewise held a corner of the flag and said the following:
1723:
828:
359:
The representatives for the athletes, judges, and coaches each recites the following lines respectively:
2208:
2054:
1886:
1864:
1784:
1758:
1665:
1644:
1639:
290:
32:
320:
A representative for the athletes, judges, and coaches each recites the following lines respectively:
1728:
86:
An oath for the officials was first discussed in the 1950s. It was not, however, until 1970 that the
3407:
3264:
3251:
2931:
653:
456:
242:
3340:
1494:
161:
2025:
2380:
1297:
160:
was the first Olympic Champion to take the oath, doing so at the 1936 Games in Berlin. In 1956
293:, an additional oath was taken by a coach; this was added to the protocol for the 2012 Games:
1157:
996:
733:
104:
47:
3027:
803:
3388:
2071:
2037:
1998:
1991:
1957:
1906:
1835:
1806:
1718:
1689:
1614:
1587:
1560:
1533:
1506:
1479:
1452:
1425:
1398:
1371:
1344:
1309:
1282:
1255:
1228:
1201:
1174:
1147:
1120:
1093:
1066:
1041:
1016:
991:
966:
941:
916:
873:
848:
823:
798:
773:
748:
723:
698:
673:
648:
633:
623:
598:
573:
548:
523:
485:
468:
460:
415:
410:
403:
314:
246:
215:
204:
188:
128:
8:
2156:
1656:
1619:
1376:
116:
492:
The athletes, judges and coaches that have delivered the Olympic Oath are listed below.
3350:
2997:
2927:
2030:
2016:
1986:
1940:
1265:
1125:
1103:
1051:
951:
897:
783:
583:
553:
153:
3308:
2902:
1135:
3164:
3119:
3074:
2420:
2384:
2285:
2160:
2120:
1440:
1206:
703:
1098:
211:
43:. All three of the oaths were combined into one beginning at the 2018 Winter Games.
2008:
2003:
1794:
1651:
1575:
1548:
1543:
1516:
1216:
946:
853:
533:
426:
218:
the athletes' oath for the first time was undertaken by more than one person, when
67:
59:
62:
was the first woman to take the athletes' oath at the winter games in 1956, while
3292:
2593:"Athletes to take the lead as oaths at future Olympic Games openings are unified"
2416:
2281:
2095:
1911:
1816:
1694:
1680:
1484:
1467:
1462:
1381:
1152:
887:
708:
608:
558:
136:
2474:
1233:
3412:
3365:
3303:
1935:
1877:
1826:
1811:
1670:
1538:
1430:
1386:
1354:
1162:
926:
603:
578:
481:
63:
1413:
1021:
628:
3401:
3360:
3313:
3288:
1921:
1845:
1732:
1570:
1565:
1457:
1403:
1359:
1287:
1238:
1184:
1076:
1046:
1026:
901:
858:
778:
753:
728:
678:
658:
168:
157:
71:
36:
24:
3370:
3335:
1967:
1926:
1916:
1775:
1763:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1521:
1489:
1349:
1270:
1108:
231:
200:
40:
28:
2404:
2269:
1950:
1770:
1332:
1260:
1179:
1081:
921:
808:
528:
399:
310:
196:
139:
91:
55:
2628:"Fundamental changes to the Olympic oath at Tokyo 2020 Opening Ceremony"
422:
3256:
3235:"Tennis star Osaka lights Olympic Cauldron as delayed Tokyo 2020 opens"
1855:
1840:
1624:
1511:
1435:
1323:
1318:
1211:
1001:
878:
833:
758:
484:
was the first woman to take the official's oath at the winter games in
464:
223:
79:
477:
182:
An oath for the officials had been discussed since the 1950s when the
2884:
1977:
1962:
1699:
1130:
976:
971:
891:
882:
1704:
1327:
395:
2832:(Press release). International Olympic Committee. 9 October 2014.
2696:(Press release). International Olympic Committee. 9 October 2014.
429:
was the first woman to take the athletes oath at the winter games.
1314:
683:
438:
219:
192:
132:
75:
58:
was the first person to take the oath on behalf of all athletes.
2530:"Eight days to go: Swimmer to take Olympic Oath - Olympic News"
447:
2859:"Welcoming the world at the Opening Ceremony - Olympic News"
2691:"Factsheet - Opening Ceremony of the Games of the Olympiad"
2445:"Philip Barker: Uncovering the history of the Olympic Oath"
108:
51:
2827:"Factsheet - Opening Ceremony of the Winter Olympic Games"
2316:"Philip Barker:The Olympic Oath at Games through the ages"
3210:"Lausanne 2020 begins with entertaining Opening Ceremony"
2885:"Cross-Country Skiing Miodrag Perović Takes Judges' Oath"
2993:"Dazzling opening ceremony launches 30th Olympic Games"
111:. A call for an oath was announced as early as 1906 by
66:
did likewise at the Summer Olympics in 1972. The first
2962:"Factsheet: The Youth Olympic Games facts and figures"
379:
The athletes' representative then completes the oath:
340:
The athletes' representative then completes the oath:
2924:"Referee Huang Liping takes oath at opening ceremony"
2233:"The Olympic Movement, the IOC and the Olympic Games"
2151:
Barker, Philip (2012). "26: For the glory of sport".
2264:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2194:"Wendl, Karel. "The Olympic Oath - A Brief History"
3185:"Olympic News - Sports News, Events & Athletes"
107:where competitors swore an oath beside a statue of
3252:Recording of the Olympic Oaths being taken in 2012
2346:"Opening Ceremony gets Games off to flying start"
2255:
3399:
2899:"Star Paddler Zhang Yining Takes Athletes' Oath"
2821:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2723:"Opening Ceremony lights up Singapore's skies"
2403:
2268:
3272:
2956:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2413:Historical Dictionary of the Olympic Movement
2278:Historical Dictionary of the Olympic Movement
374:In the name of all the coaches and officials.
335:In the name of all the coaches and officials.
2685:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2553:
2551:
2776:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2438:
2436:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2136:
164:became the first woman to recite the oath.
3279:
3265:
2945:
46:The inspiration for an oath came from the
31:, judge or official, and one coach at the
3016:
2985:
2615:
2548:
2500:"Key Olympic reforms approved by the IOC"
2188:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2176:
414:The oath being taken collectively at the
3286:
2634:
2433:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2133:
2114:
476:
421:
409:
394:
184:International Amateur Boxing Association
50:where competitors swore on a statue of
3400:
3169:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
3124:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
3079:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2603:from the original on 17 September 2017
2587:
2585:
2557:
2506:. Associated Press. 12 December 1999.
2442:
2375:Owen, Paul (2017). "These Girls Can".
2313:
2173:
2150:
268:
3260:
2865:from the original on 25 December 2018
2570:from the original on 25 December 2018
2536:from the original on 23 December 2018
2510:from the original on 24 December 2018
2455:from the original on 23 December 2018
2356:from the original on 25 December 2018
2326:from the original on 23 December 2018
2298:
171:. Therefore the oath was as follows:
2377:For the Love of running: A Companion
2374:
2284:(published 2011). pp. 277–278.
284:
2839:from the original on 21 August 2016
2753:"Olympism and the Olympic Movement"
2703:from the original on 14 August 2016
2582:
2558:Foster, Peter (16 September 2000).
2314:Barker, Philip (16 February 2018).
2243:from the original on 2 January 2019
351:
103:An oath was an idea taken from the
13:
2202:since 1997). Winter 1995. pp. 4,5"
203:performed the task at that year's
27:) is a solemn promise made by one
14:
3429:
3245:
2758:. The Olympic Museum. p. 6.
2733:from the original on 9 April 2019
252:
3418:Oath takers at the Olympic Games
3382:
3287:
2119:. Harrassowitz. pp. 43–51.
446:
437:
3227:
3216:from the original on 2020-03-06
3202:
3191:from the original on 2020-03-05
3177:
3152:from the original on 2018-12-23
3132:
3107:from the original on 2018-12-23
3087:
3062:from the original on 2018-12-25
3042:
3005:from the original on 2019-11-02
2974:from the original on 2018-12-23
2916:
2891:
2877:
2851:
2765:from the original on 2020-09-26
2745:
2715:
2522:
2492:
2481:from the original on 2019-01-01
2467:
2443:Barker, Philip (27 July 2012).
2419:(published 2011). p. 382.
304:
113:International Olympic Committee
88:International Olympic Committee
16:Oath sworn at the Olympic Games
2397:
2368:
2338:
2225:
2153:The Story of the Olympic Torch
2108:
459:(l) took the athletes oath in
1:
2101:
2930:. 2008-08-08. Archived from
2901:. 2008-08-08. Archived from
2560:"Olympic oath against drugs"
364:In the name of the athletes.
325:In the name of the athletes.
142:. Boin's oath in 1920 was:
115:(IOC) president and founder
7:
2089:
390:
317:, there was only one oath.
10:
3434:
2200:Journal of Olympic History
2055:2026 Summer Youth Olympics
1887:2020 Winter Youth Olympics
1865:2018 Summer Youth Olympics
1785:2016 Winter Youth Olympics
1759:2014 Summer Youth Olympics
1666:2012 Winter Youth Olympics
1640:2010 Summer Youth Olympics
416:first winter games in 1924
369:In the name of all judges.
330:In the name of all judges.
291:2010 Summer Youth Olympics
98:
3379:
3299:
2020:
1997:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1956:
1930:
1905:
402:taking the first oath in
226:took the oath in unison.
3389:Olympic Games portal
243:World Anti-Doping Agency
2196:Citius, Altius, Fortius
1789:Maria Ramsfjell Stabekk
1738:Vyacheslav Vedenin, Jr.
162:Giuliana Chenal-Minuzzo
2381:Summersdale Publishing
1799:Sandra Alise Lyngstand
1298:Suzanna Morrow-Francis
489:
482:Suzanne Morrow-Francis
430:
419:
407:
205:summer games in Munich
2599:. 12 September 2017.
1645:Caroline Pei Jia Chew
480:
425:
413:
398:
210:The Munich games saw
105:Ancient Olympic Games
70:to take the oath was
48:Ancient Olympic Games
2072:2028 Summer Olympics
2038:2026 Winter Olympics
2026:Mélina Robert-Michon
1999:2024 Summer Olympics
1992:Cross-country skiing
1958:2022 Winter Olympics
1907:2020 Summer Olympics
1836:2018 Winter Olympics
1807:2016 Summer Olympics
1719:2014 Winter Olympics
1690:2012 Summer Olympics
1615:2010 Winter Olympics
1588:2008 Summer Olympics
1561:2006 Winter Olympics
1534:2004 Summer Olympics
1507:2002 Winter Olympics
1480:2000 Summer Olympics
1453:1998 Winter Olympics
1426:1996 Summer Olympics
1409:Cross-country skiing
1399:1994 Winter Olympics
1372:1992 Summer Olympics
1345:1992 Winter Olympics
1310:1988 Summer Olympics
1293:Cross-country skiing
1283:1988 Winter Olympics
1256:1984 Summer Olympics
1229:1984 Winter Olympics
1202:1980 Summer Olympics
1175:1980 Winter Olympics
1148:1976 Summer Olympics
1121:1976 Winter Olympics
1094:1972 Summer Olympics
1067:1972 Winter Olympics
1042:1968 Summer Olympics
1017:1968 Winter Olympics
992:1964 Summer Olympics
967:1964 Winter Olympics
942:1960 Summer Olympics
917:1960 Winter Olympics
874:1956 Summer Olympics
849:1956 Winter Olympics
824:1952 Summer Olympics
799:1952 Winter Olympics
774:1948 Summer Olympics
749:1948 Winter Olympics
724:1936 Summer Olympics
699:1936 Winter Olympics
674:1932 Summer Olympics
649:1932 Winter Olympics
624:1928 Summer Olympics
599:1928 Winter Olympics
574:1924 Summer Olympics
549:1924 Winter Olympics
524:1920 Summer Olympics
467:(r) did likewise in
315:2018 Winter Olympics
247:2018 Winter Olympics
189:1972 Winter Olympics
129:1920 Summer Olympics
2861:. 31 January 2017.
2532:. 8 December 2016.
2352:. 20 January 1956.
2239:. 21 January 2018.
2214:on 7 September 2008
2157:Amberley Publishing
1620:Hayley Wickenheiser
1377:Luis Doreste Blanco
499:
269:The Officials' Oath
117:Pierre de Coubertin
23:(distinct from the
3319:Final torchbearers
3212:. 9 January 2020.
2998:The Times of India
2928:Xinhua News Agency
2729:. 14 August 2010.
2475:"The Olympic Oath"
2237:IOC studies centre
2017:Christophe Massina
1126:Werner Delle Karth
804:Torbjørn Falkanger
554:Camille Mandrillon
495:
490:
431:
420:
408:
154:Camille Mandrillon
3395:
3394:
2426:978-0-8108-7522-7
2390:978-1-78685-163-5
2291:978-0-8108-7522-7
2166:978-1-4456-1028-3
2126:978-3-447-05761-5
2087:
2086:
1750:Anastasia Popkova
1441:Hobie Billingsley
1207:Nikolai Andrianov
829:Heikki Savolainen
704:Willy Bogner, Sr.
463:and his grandson
285:The Coaches' Oath
3425:
3387:
3386:
3385:
3291:
3281:
3274:
3267:
3258:
3257:
3239:
3238:
3231:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3206:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3181:
3175:
3174:
3168:
3160:
3158:
3157:
3151:
3144:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3123:
3115:
3113:
3112:
3106:
3099:
3091:
3085:
3084:
3078:
3070:
3068:
3067:
3061:
3054:
3046:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3030:on 31 March 2014
3026:. Archived from
3020:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3010:
2989:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2973:
2966:
2958:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2939:
2920:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2910:
2895:
2889:
2888:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2838:
2831:
2823:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2770:
2764:
2757:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2719:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2702:
2695:
2687:
2632:
2631:
2624:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2608:
2589:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2555:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2496:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2486:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2449:Inside the Games
2440:
2431:
2430:
2415:(4th ed.).
2409:Heijmans, Jeroen
2401:
2395:
2394:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2342:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2320:Inside the Games
2311:
2296:
2295:
2280:(4th ed.).
2274:Heijmans, Jeroen
2266:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2213:
2207:. Archived from
2206:
2190:
2171:
2170:
2155:(1st ed.).
2148:
2131:
2130:
2112:
2004:Florent Manaudou
1899:Stefan Meienberg
1869:Teresa Romairone
1795:Thomas Pettersen
1746:
1652:Syed Abdul Kadir
1576:Fabio Bianchetti
1549:Lazaros Voreadis
1217:Alexander Medved
947:Adolfo Consolini
854:Giuliana Minuzzo
512:Judge (Official)
500:
494:
450:
441:
352:Equality changes
68:Olympic Champion
60:Giuliana Minuzzo
33:Opening Ceremony
3433:
3432:
3428:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3423:
3422:
3408:Olympic symbols
3398:
3397:
3396:
3391:
3383:
3381:
3375:
3295:
3293:Olympic symbols
3285:
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3243:
3242:
3237:. 23 July 2021.
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3140:"Archived copy"
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3095:"Archived copy"
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3050:"Archived copy"
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2887:. 2 March 2022.
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2630:. 14 July 2021.
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2096:Olympic symbols
2092:
1912:Kasumi Ishikawa
1891:Noah Bodenstein
1740:
1724:Ruslan Zakharov
1695:Sarah Stevenson
1681:Angelika Neuner
1629:Michel Verrault
1485:Rechelle Hawkes
1468:Junko Hiramatsu
1463:Nordic combined
1326:
1317:
1244:Miodrag Perović
1190:Terry McDermott
1153:Pierre St.-Jean
1136:Willy Köstinger
900:
888:Henri Saint Cyr
886:
709:Nordic combined
609:Nordic combined
559:Military patrol
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121:Revue Olympique
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5:
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3366:Olympic poster
3363:
3358:
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3341:Olympic mascot
3338:
3333:
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3326:
3321:
3311:
3306:
3304:Olympic emblem
3300:
3297:
3296:
3284:
3283:
3276:
3269:
3261:
3255:
3254:
3247:
3246:External links
3244:
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3131:
3086:
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3015:
3001:. 2012-07-28.
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2022:
2021:
2019:
2014:
2011:
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1995:
1994:
1989:
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1980:
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1965:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1936:Ryota Yamagata
1932:
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1914:
1909:
1903:
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1900:
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1878:Carlos Retegui
1875:
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1832:
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1827:Adriana Santos
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1387:Eugeni Asensio
1384:
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1355:Figure skating
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1163:Maurice Fauget
1160:
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1099:Heidi Schüller
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1072:Keiichi Suzuki
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279:sportsmanship.
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253:Athletes' Oath
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212:Heidi Schüller
180:
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150:
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125:Olympic Review
100:
97:
64:Heidi Schuller
15:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
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3361:Olympic Order
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3351:Olympic motto
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3346:Olympic music
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3314:Olympic flame
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2999:
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2949:
2934:on 2008-09-06
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2018:
2015:
2012:
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1985:
1984:
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1969:
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1964:
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1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
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1927:Reika Utsugi
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1596:
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1574:
1572:
1571:Alpine skiing
1569:
1567:
1566:Giorgio Rocca
1564:
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1555:
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1458:Kenji Ogiwara
1456:
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1447:
1444:
1442:
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1429:
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1404:Vegard Ulvang
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1288:Pierre Harvey
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1239:Alpine skiing
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1183:
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1158:Weightlifting
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1077:Speed skating
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1047:Pablo Garrido
1045:
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1027:Alpine skiing
1025:
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859:Alpine skiing
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779:Donald Finlay
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754:Bibi Torriani
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3371:Olive wreath
3356:Olympic Oath
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3336:Olympic Hymn
3324:Torch relays
3309:Olympic flag
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2209:the original
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2013:Melanie Tran
1973:Yongchun Tao
1968:Snowboarding
1917:Table tennis
1896:Eric Catanio
1776:Li Rongxiang
1764:Fan Zhendong
1710:Eric Farrell
1603:Huang Liping
1598:Table tennis
1593:Zhang Yining
1522:Allen Church
1490:Field hockey
1350:Surya Bonaly
1271:Sharon Weber
1234:Bojan Križaj
1109:Heinz Pollay
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2869:24 December
2843:22 December
2737:24 December
2707:22 December
2574:24 December
2540:22 December
2514:23 December
2459:22 December
2360:24 December
2330:22 December
1951:Kosei Inoue
1946:Masato Kato
1851:Kim Woo-sik
1771:Zhou Qiurui
1741: [
1729:Short track
1414:Kari Kåring
1333:Lee Hak-Rae
1261:Edwin Moses
1180:Eric Heiden
1082:Fumio Asaki
1022:Léo Lacroix
997:Takashi Ono
922:Carol Heiss
809:Ski jumping
629:Harry Dénis
529:Victor Boin
418:at Chamonix
400:Victor Boin
311:PyeongChang
197:Fumio Asaki
140:Victor Boin
92:Fumio Asaki
56:Victor Boin
3402:Categories
3220:2020-04-15
3195:2020-04-15
3156:2018-12-22
3111:2018-12-22
3066:2018-12-24
3009:2012-07-31
2978:2018-12-22
2938:2014-02-09
2909:2014-02-09
2769:2018-12-26
2485:2018-12-22
2218:2011-10-24
2102:References
1987:Wang Qiang
1856:Park Ki-ho
1841:Mo Tae-bum
1677:Peter Zenz
1625:Ice hockey
1512:Jimmy Shea
1495:Peter Kerr
1436:Basketball
1324:Basketball
1319:Shon Mi-Na
1212:Gymnastics
1002:Gymnastics
902:Equestrian
879:John Landy
834:Gymnastics
759:Ice hockey
518:Reference
465:Jimmy Shea
224:Shon Mi-Na
216:1988 Games
80:Shon Mi-Na
2247:1 January
2031:Athletics
1978:Ji Xiaoou
1963:Liu Jiayu
1941:Athletics
1700:Taekwondo
1657:David Lim
1266:Athletics
1131:Bobsleigh
1104:Athletics
1052:Athletics
977:Bobsleigh
972:Paul Aste
952:Athletics
898:Athletics
892:Stockholm
883:Melbourne
784:Athletics
654:Jack Shea
584:Athletics
579:Géo André
457:Jack Shea
346:Olympism.
299:Olympism.
3214:Archived
3189:Archived
3165:cite web
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2863:Archived
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2760:Archived
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2727:Olympics
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2597:Olympics
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2508:Archived
2479:Archived
2453:Archived
2411:(1974).
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2350:Olympics
2324:Archived
2276:(1974).
2241:Archived
2090:See also
2009:Swimming
1705:Mik Basi
1544:Swimming
1517:Skeleton
1328:Handball
634:Football
534:Swimming
503:Olympics
391:Speakers
35:of each
3329:designs
3034:4 March
2967:. IOC.
1817:Sailing
1382:Sailing
1315:Hur Jae
684:Fencing
506:Athlete
427:Minuzzo
404:Antwerp
313:at the
289:At the
220:Hur Jae
193:Sapporo
135:by the
133:Antwerp
119:in the
99:History
76:Hur Jae
29:athlete
3024:"News"
2423:
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263:teams.
177:teams.
137:fencer
3413:Oaths
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1745:]
515:Coach
509:Sport
3171:link
3126:link
3081:link
3036:2014
2871:2018
2845:2018
2739:2018
2709:2018
2609:2017
2576:2018
2542:2018
2516:2018
2461:2018
2421:ISBN
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2362:2018
2332:2018
2286:ISBN
2249:2019
2161:ISBN
2121:ISBN
1731:and
486:1988
469:2002
461:1932
222:and
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239:IOC
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