489:
to their own devices, becoming truly "hazardous") and yardage markers. He was the first to use a push mower to cut greens. He improved play at St
Andrews by widening fairways to handle increased play, improving greens, and establishing separate teeing areas on each hole; all of these measures spread out play over larger areas, and led to better turf conditions. He created a new first green on the Old Course, and was responsible for the initial design of the New Course 1895 and Jubilee course in 1897. He also introduced the modern idea of placing hazards so that the golf ball could be routed around them; this was the beginning of strategic design, which has dominated golf course design ever since. Before his time hazards were thought of as obstacles that either had to be carried or were there to punish a wayward ball. When he was 77 he was nearly beaten by
481:
334:
Campbell of
Saddell, and I had the misfortune to lose all my supply of balls, which were, you can understand, very much easier lost in those days, and Mr. Campbell kindly gave me a gutta to try. I took to it at once, and as we were playing in, it so happened that we met Allan coming out, and someone told him that I was playing a very good game with one of the new gutta balls, and I could see fine from the expression on his face, that he did not like it at all. And, when we met afterwards in his shop, we had some high words about the matter, and then and there we parted company, I leaving his employment. - Old Tom Morris
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Morris was in his early 20s he was the second-best player in St. Andrews, close to
Robertson in golf skill, and won an informal match from him over the Old Course in 1843, but the two players rarely played seriously head-to-head. As Robertson's employee, Morris was in somewhat of an awkward position. He was a long-time member of the
516:. The grave is simple but stands beneath the highly notable monument to his son, Young Tom Morris, which carries a bronze statue of the golfer in high relief against a white background, and is visible across the breadth of the churchyard. His grave attracts thousands of golfers each year who wish to pay homage to this golfing hero.
488:
Morris was also the father of modern greenkeeping. He introduced the concept of top-dressing greens with sand, which significantly helped turf growth. He introduced many novel ideas on turf and course management, including actively managing hazards (in the past, bunkers and the like were largely left
373:
50 per year. St
Andrews was then in very poor condition, and his first task was to correct this. He did so by widening the fairways, enlarging the greens, applying greenkeeping techniques he had developed at Prestwick, building two new greens (on holes 1 and 18), and "managing" the hazards. He stayed
318:
From the early 1840s, Robertson often chose Morris as his partner in challenge matches, played by alternate shot format, which were the principal form of competition at that time. It was said the two never lost a team match played on even terms. The team became known as "The
Invincibles". By the time
406:
became an accomplished player in his own right by his mid-teens, in the mid-1860s, father and son formed a team for challenge matches, usually played by alternate shot (foursomes play), where they proved very successful. Their partnership, although not exclusive, would continue until the death of
333:
I can remember the circumstances well. Allan (Robertson) could not reconcile himself to the new ball at first at all. But the gutta became the fashion very quickly, so what could we do? One day, and it is one that will always be clearly stamped upon my memory, I had been playing golf with a Mr.
368:
Morris was sought out by the Royal and
Ancient Golf Club, which formally passed a motion in 1864 calling for his rehiring. Morris returned to St Andrews in 1864 to take charge of the links, as Keeper of the Green and professional, at a then-generous salary of
390:
in 1860, and won the following year. He followed this up with further victories in 1862, 1864 and 1867. He still holds the record as the oldest winner of The Open
Championship at 46. Also, he was part of the only father/son couple being winner and runner-up.
302:
in his home town. He began golf by age ten, by knocking wine-bottle corks pierced with nails (to serve as balls) around the streets of the town using a homemade club, in informal matches against other youths; this was known as 'sollybodkins'. He started
351:
in 1851, which was just starting up. At
Prestwick, he designed, laid out, and maintained the course, ran his own golf equipment business selling gutties and clubs, gave instruction to players, and ran events. He was influential in beginning
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311:, generally regarded as the world's first professional golfer; Robertson ran the St Andrews Links and an equipment-making business. Morris served four years as apprentice and a further five years as
425:
in 1842. In 1871 he visited Forfar, in
Scotland, where he created the first golf course in the world that was originally designed with 18 holes, Forfar Golf Club. His subsequent work included
505:
Morris kept working right up until his death, just before his 87th birthday. He died in the
Memorial Cottage Hospital, St Andrews after falling down a flight of stairs in the clubhouse of
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and the Castletown Golf Club in the Isle of Man. Glasgow Golf Club's Killermont course was his last 18 hole design, opening in 1904, just four years before his death.
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The house where Morris was born no longer exists, but it is thought to be close to 121 North Street, St Andrews. He was the son of a weaver, and was educated at
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3266:† indicates the event was won in a playoff; ‡ indicates the event was won wire-to-wire in 72-holes; # indicates the event was won by an amateur
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Morris held the record for the largest margin of victory in a major championship (13 strokes in the 1862 Open Championship), which stood until
1697:
1907:
1021:
depicts the lives and careers of Old Tom and his son, and focuses on their complex and bittersweet relationship. It is based on Kevin Cook's
402:
by 15 strokes. He became the second player to break 80 over the Old Course, scoring 79; Robertson had been the first to do it. Once his son
1992:
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Morris worked under Robertson at St Andrews until 1848, when he was fired on the spot after being caught by Robertson playing the new
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Morris played a role in designing courses across the British Isles. He began by assisting Robertson to lay out ten holes at
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1937:
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1985:
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1384:
497:. Adair was one of the leading women players. He is quoted as having said: "I'll no' be licked by a lassie".
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1978:
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in the post until 1903, a total of 39 years, and was kept on afterwards by the R&A at full salary.
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1922:
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in 1895, Kinghorn Golf Club in 1887, Kirkcaldy Golf Club Nov 1904 9- holes then May 1906 18 holes,
1932:
1550:
The Life of Tom Morris: With Glimpses of St. Andrews and Its Golfing Celebrities (Classic Reprint)
315:
under Robertson, by most accounts the world's top player from about 1843 until his death in 1859.
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Tommy's Honor: The Story of Old Tom Morris and Young Tom Morris, Golf's Founding Father and Son
1027:
Tommy's Honor: The Story of Old Tom Morris and Young Tom Morris, Golf's Founding Father and Son
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golf ball, which was threatened by the emergence of the guttie. Morris was then hired by
307:
and playing golf from a young age, and formally was hired as an apprentice at age 14 to
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2018:
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386:, as well as playing match and tournament golf. He came second in the first
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Morris worked as a greenkeeper, clubmaker, ballmaker, golf instructor, and
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Old Tom Morris on the Himalayas putting course in 1892, which he designed
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golf ball ("guttie"); Robertson had a profitable business making the
675:
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The simple grave of Old Tom Morris, St Andrews Cathedral churchyard
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32:
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1319:"15 Things to do in St Andrews when you are not playing Golf"
473:(Westward Ho!) in England, King Edward Bay Golf Club in the
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He is buried against the eastern wall of the churchyard of
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88:
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1592:
Tom Morris of St Andrews: The Colossus of Golf 1821–1908
1423:
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2000:
1529:
The Soul of St. Andrews: The Life of Old Tom Morris
1381:"7 and 8 The Links, Tom Morris House and Golf Shop"
1186:"Old Tom 200-Celebrating the Grand Old Man of Golf"
1125:. Morris is looking out the second storey window (
262:(16 June 1821 – 24 May 1908), otherwise known as
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1651:
360:, and struck the very first shot in that event.
1769:List of golf courses designed by Old Tom Morris
1525:
1010:
417:List of golf courses designed by Old Tom Morris
1609:
1362:, by Kevin Cook, Gotham Books, New York 2007,
1986:
1908:The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews
1733:
1655:St Andrews in the Footsteps of Old Tom Morris
1588:
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1747:
1435:, by Kevin Cook, New York 2005, Gotham Books
411:Golf course design, greenkeeping innovations
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1993:
1979:
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3315:Winners of men's major golf championships
377:
290:(died 1875), also a golfer, was his son.
282:, the "home of golf" and location of the
1568:Tulloch William Weir (14 October 2018).
1498:"Old Tom had plenty to be worried about"
1495:
1469:
1467:
1406:"Tom Morris – The Grand Old Man of Golf"
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479:
16:Scottish professional golfer (1821–1908)
363:
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1237:
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1233:
1231:
1084:Old Tom Morris with Young Tom Morris,
519:
1974:
1721:
1708:Old Tom Morris Golf Courses Challenge
1464:
1299:. R&A Championships. 16 June 2021
1243:"Old Tom Morris and Young Tom Morris"
326:
1342:
1297:"Old Tom at 200 / A Life and Legacy"
441:, the Jubilee Course at St Andrews,
293:
1526:William Tulloch (7 November 2010).
1398:
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193:Best results in major championships
13:
1698:Society of Hickory Golfers Profile
1610:Old Tom Morris (29 October 2001).
1519:
1373:
1311:
1203:
153:
64:Old Tom, The Grand Old Man of Golf
14:
3356:
3330:People educated at Madras College
3320:World Golf Hall of Fame inductees
1673:
1547:W. W. Tulloch (7 December 2017).
1496:Gilleece, Dermot (23 June 2001).
1824:
1704: (archived 12 December 2007)
1574:. Creative Media Partners, LLC.
1134:
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1077:
1065:
1039:
1007:"T" indicates a tie for a place
674:
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572:
118:
31:
1843:The Open Championship victories
1779:The Open Championship victories
1613:The Scrapbook of Old Tom Morris
1489:
149:
1353:
1349:. Chapman & Hall, Limited.
1336:
1260:
1023:Herbert Warren Wind Book Award
1:
1589:David Malcolm (1 July 2011).
1448:. Lorrin Golf. Archived from
1385:Historic Environment Scotland
1168:
1119:
1085:
1055:
449:, Bridge of Allan Golf Club,
156:; died 1876)
1938:The Himalayas putting course
1714: (archived 20 July 2010)
1684:Scottish Sports Hall of Fame
1658:. Saint Andrews Golf Press.
1637:. Penguin Publishing Group.
1631:Kevin Cook (27 March 2008).
1247:National Records of Scotland
1215:National Records of Scotland
1211:"Old Tom Morris (1821-1908)"
1158:People on Scottish banknotes
1011:Depictions in film and print
652:
618:
584:
551:
7:
1146:
1116:golf shop of Old Tom Morris
524:
471:Royal North Devon Golf Club
10:
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1595:. Birlinn. pp. 318–.
1270:. The Open. Archived from
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889:
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814:
779:
730:
695:
414:
286:, and died there as well.
3264:
2011:
1895:
1833:
1822:
1759:
1652:Roger McStravick (2015).
1410:R&A World Golf Museum
1118:in St Andrews, Scotland,
1025:–winning 2007 biography,
268:The Grand Old Man of Golf
236:
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199:
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177:
173:, Elizabeth, James, John)
163:
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111:
95:
69:
57:
47:
42:
30:
23:
1343:Herd, Alexander (1923).
500:
3335:Golfers from St Andrews
1880:World Golf Hall of Fame
1811:World Golf Hall of Fame
1693:World Golf Hall of Fame
1477:. Undiscovered Scotland
1323:scottishgolfhistory.org
1102:Old Tom Morris in 1880
238:World Golf Hall of Fame
228:Achievements and awards
3325:Golf course architects
1863:1872 Open Championship
1858:1870 Open Championship
1853:1869 Open Championship
1848:1868 Open Championship
1799:1867 Open Championship
1794:1864 Open Championship
1789:1862 Open Championship
1784:1861 Open Championship
1571:The Life of Tom Morris
658:The Open Championship
624:The Open Championship
590:The Open Championship
485:
378:Competitive highlights
336:
260:Thomas Mitchell Morris
53:Thomas Mitchell Morris
3310:Scottish male golfers
2002:The Open Championship
1950:Carnoustie Golf Links
1052:James Ogilvie Fairlie
957:The Open Championship
891:The Open Championship
816:The Open Championship
732:The Open Championship
558:The Open Championship
514:St Andrew's Cathedral
483:
354:The Open Championship
331:
201:The Open Championship
2280:William Auchterlonie
1903:St Andrews Golf Club
1816:Tom Morris Golf Shop
1774:Old Tom Morris Award
1553:. Fb&c Limited.
1163:Tom Morris Golf Shop
1153:Old Tom Morris Award
364:Return to St Andrews
356:in 1860, along with
321:St Andrews Golf Club
113:Sporting nationality
107:St Andrews, Scotland
43:Personal information
1945:Prestwick Golf Club
520:Major championships
427:Kingussie Golf Club
407:Young Tom in 1875.
349:Prestwick Golf Club
139:Agnes (Nancy) Bayne
3214:Francesco Molinari
3132:Pádraig Harrington
3123:Pádraig Harrington
2795:Roberto De Vicenzo
1532:. Fireship Press.
1274:on 16 October 2013
1072:Tom Morris in 1860
1003:NT = No tournament
1000: Did not play
486:
327:Moves to Prestwick
3297:
3296:
3290:COVID-19 pandemic
3288:cancelled due to
3281:cancelled due to
3274:cancelled due to
3254:Xander Schauffele
2973:Mark Calcavecchia
2443:John Henry Taylor
2410:John Henry Taylor
2338:John Henry Taylor
2296:John Henry Taylor
2288:John Henry Taylor
1968:
1967:
1665:978-0-9571643-6-9
1644:978-1-59240-342-4
1623:978-1-886947-45-0
1602:978-0-85790-107-1
1581:978-0-343-11940-9
1560:978-0-331-91332-3
1539:978-1-61179-056-6
1368:978-1-59240-342-4
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507:The New Golf Club
388:Open Championship
294:Early golf career
274:. He was born in
270:, was a Scottish
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3149:Louis Oosthuizen
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2965:Seve Ballesteros
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1995:
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1972:
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1918:St Andrews Links
1913:Golf in Scotland
1835:Young Tom Morris
1828:
1753:Young Tom Morris
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1475:"Old Tom Morris"
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1446:"Old Tom Morris"
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1190:St Andrews Links
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689:Results timeline
681:Willie Park, Sr.
679:
678:
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613:Willie Park, Sr.
611:
610:
591:
579:Willie Park, Sr.
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528:
495:St Andrews Links
404:Young Tom Morris
288:Young Tom Morris
284:St Andrews Links
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26:
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20:
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3298:
3293:
3270:No championship
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3260:
3259:
3251:
3243:
3235:
3230:Collin Morikawa
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2990:Ian Baker-Finch
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2019:Willie Park Sr.
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1960:History of golf
1955:Allan Robertson
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1008:
1005:WD = Withdrew
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587:
583:
580:
575:
570:
567:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
550:
546:
543:
541:Winning score
540:
537:
534:
531:
530:
517:
515:
510:
508:
498:
496:
492:
482:
478:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
418:
408:
405:
401:
398:won the 2000
397:
392:
389:
385:
375:
372:
361:
359:
358:James Fairlie
355:
350:
346:
342:
335:
324:
322:
316:
314:
310:
306:
301:
291:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
249:
247:
241:
239:
235:
231:
226:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
204:
202:
198:
191:
187:
185:
181:
176:
172:
168:
166:
162:
136:
134:
130:
127:
116:
114:
110:
100:
98:
94:
90:
86:
74:
72:
68:
65:
62:
60:
56:
52:
50:
46:
41:
34:
29:
22:
19:
3287:
3283:World War II
3280:
3279:; 1940–1945
3273:
3272:; 1915–1919
3269:
3246:Brian Harman
3189:Zach Johnson
3181:Rory McIlroy
3140:Stewart Cink
3047:Mark O'Meara
2844:Tom Weiskopf
2811:Tony Jacklin
2665:Max Faulkner
2640:Henry Cotton
2600:Henry Cotton
2576:Henry Cotton
2559:Gene Sarazen
2551:Tommy Armour
2534:Walter Hagen
2526:Walter Hagen
2492:Walter Hagen
2476:Walter Hagen
2451:Harry Vardon
2426:Harry Vardon
2394:Arnaud Massy
2362:Harry Vardon
2330:Harry Vardon
2322:Harry Vardon
2304:Harry Vardon
2205:Jack Simpson
2188:Bob Ferguson
2180:Bob Ferguson
2172:Bob Ferguson
2074:
2050:
2034:
2026:
1884:
1760:
1748:
1654:
1633:
1612:
1591:
1570:
1549:
1528:
1505:. Retrieved
1501:
1491:
1479:. Retrieved
1454:. Retrieved
1450:the original
1440:
1432:
1413:. Retrieved
1400:
1388:. Retrieved
1375:
1359:
1355:
1345:
1338:
1326:. Retrieved
1322:
1313:
1301:. Retrieved
1276:. Retrieved
1272:the original
1262:
1250:. Retrieved
1218:. Retrieved
1205:
1193:. Retrieved
1126:
1047:
1026:
1016:
1014:
1002:
994: Top 10
763:
752:
744:
739:
667:58-54-58=170
633:54-58-55=167
599:52-55-56=163
596:11 shot lead
565:54-56-53=163
535:Championship
511:
504:
487:
465:in Ireland,
439:Machrihanish
420:
393:
381:
367:
341:gutta percha
338:
332:
317:
297:
267:
263:
259:
258:
243:
205:
188:Professional
183:
164:
132:
112:
103:(1908-05-24)
96:
82:16 June 1821
70:
63:
58:
48:
18:
3345:1908 deaths
3340:1821 births
3276:World War I
3222:Shane Lowry
3115:Tiger Woods
3107:Tiger Woods
3073:David Duval
3065:Tiger Woods
3056:Paul Lawrie
3006:Greg Norman
2949:Greg Norman
2909:Bill Rogers
2852:Gary Player
2836:Lee Trevino
2828:Lee Trevino
2803:Gary Player
2762:Bob Charles
2730:Gary Player
2713:Bobby Locke
2673:Bobby Locke
2657:Bobby Locke
2648:Bobby Locke
2616:Dick Burton
2592:Alf Padgham
2567:Denny Shute
2542:Bobby Jones
2517:Bobby Jones
2508:Bobby Jones
2418:James Braid
2402:James Braid
2386:James Braid
2378:James Braid
2346:James Braid
2221:David Brown
1481:18 November
1456:18 November
1370:, pp. 23–33
1252:14 November
1123: 1890
1059: 1850
930:Tournament
855:Tournament
780:Tournament
696:Tournament
664:2 shot lead
630:1 shot lead
491:Rhona Adair
475:Isle of Man
396:Tiger Woods
246:member page
101:24 May 1908
3304:Categories
3090:Ben Curtis
3031:Tom Lehman
3014:Nick Price
2998:Nick Faldo
2982:Nick Faldo
2957:Nick Faldo
2941:Sandy Lyle
2925:Tom Watson
2917:Tom Watson
2901:Tom Watson
2877:Tom Watson
2860:Tom Watson
2500:Jim Barnes
2435:Edward Ray
2370:Jack White
2354:Sandy Herd
2237:Jack Burns
2213:Bob Martin
2139:Bob Martin
2123:Mungo Park
1928:New Course
1923:Old Course
1873:Claret Jug
1390:5 November
1278:16 October
1220:8 November
1169:References
1127:upper left
602:13 strokes
547:Runner-up
455:South Uist
445:at Crail,
423:Carnoustie
313:journeyman
276:St Andrews
91:, Scotland
85:St Andrews
78:1821-06-16
3165:Ernie Els
3081:Ernie Els
3022:John Daly
2771:Tony Lema
2738:Kel Nagle
2681:Ben Hogan
2632:Fred Daly
2624:Sam Snead
2584:Alf Perry
2254:John Ball
2005:champions
1616:. Wiley.
988: Win
670:2 strokes
636:2 strokes
568:4 strokes
467:Warkworth
463:Rosapenna
451:Askernish
435:Muirfield
431:Prestwick
345:featherie
195:(wins: 4)
49:Full name
2115:Tom Kidd
1147:See also
1046:Morris (
538:24 holes
525:Wins (4)
443:Balcomie
305:caddying
165:Children
126:Scotland
59:Nickname
3286:; 2020
1896:Related
1710:at the
1700:at the
1691:at the
1682:at the
1328:3 April
1303:23 July
1050:) with
1033:Gallery
459:Lahinch
400:US Open
158:
146:
142:
3179:2014‡
3105:2005‡
2842:1973‡
2574:1934‡
2557:1932‡
2515:1927‡
2433:1912‡
1662:
1641:
1620:
1599:
1578:
1557:
1536:
1507:21 May
1415:16 May
1366:
1195:17 May
998:
992:
986:
544:Margin
272:golfer
266:, and
184:Status
178:Career
152:
133:Spouse
123:
3268:1871
3252:2024
3244:2023
3236:2022
3228:2021
3220:2019
3212:2018
3204:2017
3196:2016
3187:2015
3171:2013
3163:2012
3155:2011
3147:2010
3138:2009
3130:2008
3121:2007
3113:2006
3096:2004
3088:2003
3079:2002
3071:2001
3063:2000
3054:1999
3045:1998
3037:1997
3029:1996
3020:1995
3012:1994
3004:1993
2996:1992
2988:1991
2980:1990
2971:1989
2963:1988
2955:1987
2947:1986
2939:1985
2931:1984
2923:1983
2915:1982
2907:1981
2899:1980
2891:1979
2883:1978
2875:1977
2867:1976
2858:1975
2850:1974
2834:1972
2826:1971
2817:1970
2809:1969
2801:1968
2793:1967
2785:1966
2777:1965
2769:1964
2760:1963
2752:1962
2744:1961
2736:1960
2728:1959
2719:1958
2711:1957
2703:1956
2695:1955
2687:1954
2679:1953
2671:1952
2663:1951
2655:1950
2646:1949
2638:1948
2630:1947
2622:1946
2614:1939
2606:1938
2598:1937
2590:1936
2582:1935
2565:1933
2549:1931
2540:1930
2532:1929
2524:1928
2506:1926
2498:1925
2490:1924
2482:1923
2474:1922
2465:1921
2457:1920
2449:1914
2441:1913
2424:1911
2416:1910
2408:1909
2400:1908
2392:1907
2384:1906
2376:1905
2368:1904
2360:1903
2352:1902
2344:1901
2336:1900
2328:1899
2320:1898
2311:1897
2302:1896
2294:1895
2286:1894
2278:1893
2269:1892
2261:1891
2252:1890
2243:1889
2235:1888
2227:1887
2219:1886
2211:1885
2203:1884
2194:1883
2186:1882
2178:1881
2170:1880
2162:1879
2154:1878
2146:1877
2137:1876
2129:1875
2121:1874
2113:1873
2105:1872
2097:1870
2089:1869
2081:1868
2073:1867
2065:1866
2057:1865
2049:1864
2041:1863
2033:1862
2025:1861
2017:1860
951:1896
948:1895
945:1894
942:1893
939:1892
936:1891
933:1890
885:1889
882:1888
879:1887
876:1886
873:1885
870:1884
867:1883
864:1882
861:1881
858:1880
810:1879
807:1878
804:1877
801:1876
798:1875
795:1874
792:1873
789:1872
786:1871
783:1870
726:1869
723:1868
720:1867
717:1866
714:1865
711:1864
708:1863
705:1862
702:1861
699:1860
501:Death
447:Moray
242:1976
148:(
144:
1751:and
1660:ISBN
1639:ISBN
1618:ISBN
1597:ISBN
1576:ISBN
1555:ISBN
1534:ISBN
1509:2018
1483:2007
1458:2007
1417:2021
1392:2020
1364:ISBN
1330:2022
1305:2021
1280:2013
1254:2020
1222:2020
1197:2021
1114:The
1048:left
964:T58
921:T15
918:T27
915:T28
912:T27
909:T29
906:T13
903:T10
846:T14
832:T18
654:1867
620:1864
586:1862
553:1861
532:Year
461:and
280:Fife
222:1867
218:1864
214:1862
210:1861
154:1844
97:Died
89:Fife
71:Born
2862:†
1749:Old
979:WD
976:47
973:WD
970:52
967:50
961:WD
898:T5
895:10
843:11
840:T8
837:T4
826:T4
823:NT
660:(4)
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592:(2)
493:at
453:in
206:Won
171:Tom
169:4 (
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