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Ultimately, even though the clock tower was off centre, balance was achieved through the repetition of the subtle details of measure and pattern. For example, to the right side of the main entrance a narrow circular tower rises 21.4 meters from grade. It is cut precisely in half by the roof line; it extends above the roof line by 10.7 meters and is also 10.7 meters from the roof line to the base of the main tower. Further on, the east and west pavilions, although quite different in their designs, are very similar in shape. The double-storied oriel of the east tower is exaggerated to counter the weight of the double tower of the west pavilion. The subtle balance is able to stand out at the main entrance of the building and prevent it from being overshadowed by the clock tower. The exterior rock-face wall was built in a series of courses, in variable sizes separated by carved bands. Grouped columns are repeatedly used to accent the windows.
666:, depicts civic progress and the "upbuilding" of Toronto. It is organized in three arches and features 12 life-sized figures amidst scenes of the city's waterfront and a depiction of Toronto's second city hall on Front Street East. A marble war memorial is positioned below the window, dedicated to victims of the Second World War. Also in the vicinity is the 4.5 m-wide (15 ft.) divided stairway, leading to a landing branching east and west to what used to be the county and city divisions of the building. Stucco pillars were shaped by Italian craftsmen. Surviving original interior includes detailing in wood, plaster, iron, bronze and marble, including a mosaic floor laid by Jacomo Bespirt and family, columns with plaster capitals, faux-marble finishes, woodwork, wrought-iron grotesques and gas lamp standards, and door knobs bearing the city's old coat of arms.
577:, this variation highlights bulk and massiveness as well as different sculptural features. The Romanesque style originated in Europe during the 11th and 12th centuries and had characteristics such as square towers, asymmetrical massing, stone carvings, round arches, and heavy stonework. During the mid-1800s, this style was revitalized in Western architecture. H.H. Richardson contributed dormers, circular towers with conical roofs, and the use of different-coloured stone for the revival style that bears his name. Carvings of humans and animals were also part of the Richardsonian Romanesque style. Lennox was interested in and was influenced by Richardson's work and travelled to the United States while he was planning his design for Toronto's third city hall in the late 19th century.
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601:). This tone is accented with darker reddish-brown sandstone known as Sackville Sandstone (also located in the Westmorland County of New Brunswick). The transportation of the stone employed the use of over 1,360 rail-car loads, equivalent to a nine-mile-long (14.5 km) train, to bring the material to the site. In addition to the stone, 8,354 barrels of cement were used to hold everything together.
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jagged, but rather heavily weathered. The raw state of the sandstone reinforces the natural state of the material and greatly heightens the overall sense of mass that the building exhibits. The scale of the stone pieces greatly contributes to the sense of mass as well, conveying the sense that the building was literally carved from the rock and placed where it currently resides.
706:, for many years, A.G. Abernethy, clockmaker on Yonge Street was in charge with repairing and maintaining the clock. Four garnished stone gargoyles sat at the upper corners of the clock tower; these ornaments were removed due to the effects of the weather on the sandstone carvings in 1938, but bronze casts of the gargoyles were reinstalled in 2002.
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the top of the tower, enclosed on four sides by timepieces, houses the glass box in which the clock's mechanism sits. The room is accessible by stairs only; there are 280 steps to climb. The elevator that was built with the structure was taken out in the 1920s. The clock's face measures 6 metres (20 ft) in diameter.
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placed near the top of the tower. Near the building's entrance, there are several grotesque faces carved in stone. Lennox included his own likeness next to the other carved faces which, tradition has it, represent city councillors. Lennox's own face is identified as one of the caricatures by his handlebar moustache.
376:. Angry councillors, due to cost overruns and construction delays, refused E.J. Lennox a plaque proclaiming him as architect for the completed building in 1899. Not to be denied, Lennox had stonemasons "sign" his name in corbels beneath the upper floor eaves around the entire building: "EJ LENNOX ARCHITECT AD 1898".
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The clock functioned manually until the 1950s when it was automated. In 1992, the clock was stopped for the first time in more than a century to perform maintenance and repairs. The maintenance consisted of painting the metallic components of the clock: its bronze, brass, iron and steel. The room, at
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detailing
Toronto's pioneers and angels related to their experiences. On the far left is a mural of Mackenzie, Allan, Macdonnel, Ryerson and Scadding depicting farmers and workers. The spandrel portion of this arcade has four angels painted on it. The first is discovery saying “hail to the pioneers,”
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These influences can be seen at Old City Hall with many of its many arches and towers. Also, the use of different-coloured stone contributes towards the
Romanesque style of design. The exterior and interiors of Old City Hall are crafted with great detail. On the clock tower, four stone gargoyles were
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Old City Hall can be described as an enormous square quad with a courtyard in the middle. Situated at the front elevation, its clock tower was placed off centre to provide a terminating vista for Bay Street. In spite of this seeming asymmetry, the balance of the design is still existent throughout.
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On
September 21, 2015, the City of Toronto released an internal study that recommended leasing parts of the Old City Hall to retail tenants. However, in early October, the city said it would allow courts to remain until December 31, 2021, while the new 10 Armoury Street courthouse was constructed.
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which strikes every hour, the bourdon alone weighs 5443 kilograms. There is one small and unofficial inscription just below the coat of arms on the bell, which reads “J.K.Oct.18, 1900”. The bourdon also rarely rings for special events like the Bells of Peace program in 2014, which commemorates 100
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The entire building has ornamentation derived from ancient Roman art. There are structural decorations used by the different colours of stone. The stone carvers did not complete work until a year after opening day, as there were many decorative pieces. The stonework on the entrance was restored in
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The city spent $ 77 million on renovations completed in 2005 to restore the exterior and the 103.6-metre-high clock tower. Over the next two years, the city spent an additional $ 7.2-million on interior repairs completed in 2012. There was speculation that the building would house a museum for the
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were part of the Clock Tower during the 1899 construction, but were removed due to the effects of the weather on the sandstone carvings in 1938. In 2002, bronze casts of the gargoyles were reinstalled. The replicas are not duplicates as the original designs were lost. The gargoyles are similar to
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The main hall in its day was said to be the city's grandest indoor space, amazing visitors. Today, exhibit cabinets that display a collection of photographs and artifacts are found on the main floor of the entrance lobby. Also, when court is not in session, the former
Council Chamber, with its
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Together these murals depict early history of
Toronto with the angels representing the four achievements by these pioneers. Directly opposite are a grand staircase and an extraordinary stained-glass window designed by Robert McCausland, the renowned Toronto stained-glass artist. The monumental
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What is interesting about the sandstone is not just the variations in colour, but also the textural characteristics of the stone. Observation of the building's profile shows it is cut stone with a rock-faced texture application. Despite the roughness of the sandstone, it is not perceived to be
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Toronto's Old City Hall was one of the largest buildings in
Toronto and the largest civic building in North America upon completion in 1899. It was the burgeoning city's third city hall. It housed Toronto's municipal government and courts for York County and Toronto, taking over from the
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the second is fame, saying “to their names and deeds,” the third is fortune which says “remembered and forgotten,” lastly is adventure saying “we honour here.” On the right side of the arcade is another mural depicting
Galinee, Simcoe, Tecumseh, Brock, Osgoode, Baldwin,
360:, the building took more than a decade to build and cost more than $ 2.5 million (equals close to 53 million today). Work on the building began in 1889 and was built on the site of old York buildings including the Lennox hotel. It was constructed of
402:. The space was to be an urban square with diagonal walkways meeting at a central statue of Queen Victoria, its proposed namesake. The plan was never executed and a smaller space was allocated in front of the building by Queen Street. The
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Toronto City
Council voted in 2018 to advance plans for a city museum at the site but little progress has been made as of 2024 and staff estimate $ 190 million of work will be required before a new occupant can move into the building.
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around a large plaza, leaving only the cenotaph (or in one plan, the clock tower) in the front. Public outcry forced authorities to abandon these plans, and the Eaton Centre was constructed around the landmark civic building and the
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Within the three large oak doorways of the main entrance are steps leading to a two-storey main hall. In the arcade upon entering the building from the main entrance on Queen Street, there are murals designed by
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This was extended until 2023 due to construction delays. In lieu of converting the structure into retail space, the
Government Management Committee voted to study housing a city museum in the historic structure.
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501:. The City of Toronto served notice on the province that its lease at Old City Hall would not be renewed past December 31, 2016. In 2023, most court rooms and services moved to a new purpose-built courthouse at
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Made primarily of sandstone, Old City Hall features a two-tone façade. One tone is made of light brown-grey sandstone from the former
Beaumont Quarries (now known as Dorchester Sandstone Quarries located in
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influenced Toronto planning as well in the early 20th century, and a plan was formulated for a grand thoroughfare from Queen Street at City Hall to Front Street that would have been called
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An 1898 drawing of a proposed square in front of Old City Hall. The planners of Old City Hall planned for a public plaza at the south entrance of city hall known as Victoria Square.
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Dendy, William, and William Kilbourn. Toronto Observed: Its Architecture, Patrons, and History. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data, 1986. Print.
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to Toronto and temporarily installed a giant red ball in locations around Toronto's downtown core, including inside the central arch of the main entrance to Old City Hall.
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that is a terminating vista for Bay Street south of Queen Street West and is also prominently visible from Queen Street and Nathan Phillips Square. The clock tower was the
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and antique lampposts at the base of the grand staircase inside were removed in 1947 and sold. They were reclaimed by the City and reinstalled in the 1980s.
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Despite its size, Old City Hall proved inadequate for Toronto's growing municipal government within a couple of decades of completion. Under Mayor
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Council Chambers of Old City Hall. The chambers have been used as a courtroom since the building became a dedicated courthouse.
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painted a watercolour painting of Old City Hall prior to its completion. The building features prominently in the novel
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The building was leased for several decades by the provincial government and used as a court house for the
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city hall and public square in 1965. Soon after in the 1960s, plans were made to start construction of the
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In terms of popular culture, the building is sometimes used to film movies and television shows, such as
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Corbels beneath the upper floor eaves around the entire building spelling "EJ LENNOX ARCHITECT AD 1898".
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The clock room houses three large bells, two small quarter bells that strike every quarter hour and a
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The provincial government is reportedly considering using the building as a temporary home for the
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installations in the central arch of the Queen Street main entrance to Old City Hall in 2009.
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1196:"Toronto's Old City Hall has stories to tell — but will it get the chance to share them?"
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offices were also located in Old City Hall from 1900 to 1953. With the establishment of
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Carvings of animals and humans may be found throughout the exterior of the building.
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Ivanov, Andrej (September 17, 2016). "Sep 18, 1899: Old City Hall First Opens".
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spectator gallery above and late 19th-century ambiance, is open to the public.
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Planners proposed a public plaza at the south entrance of the city hall called
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fighting for Canada, and later also in honour of Torontonians who died in the
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was created from a revision of this article dated 29 January 2006
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Made primarily of sandstone, Old City Hall features a two-tone façade.
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Lennox designed an annex, called Manning Chambers after former mayor
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until 2023, and remains one of the city's most prominent structures.
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window directly across the grand staircase of the Old City Hall.
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Old City Hall features a large, 103.6 metre-tall (340 ft)
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The building bears a resemblance to the city hall buildings in
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1425:"Jonathan Cleaned Up… | The Official Website of Robert Munsch"
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16-by-23-foot (4.9 m Ă— 7.0 m) window entitled
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The clock tower at Old City Hall is garnished by four stone
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1366:"Toronto's timekeepers: inside the clock at Old City Hall"
837:. However in the 1984 animated adaptation produced by the
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Toronto's First City Hall and The St.Lawence South Market
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for 18 years from 1899 until 1917. The clock was made in
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List of tallest structures built before the 20th century
421:, erected in 1925 to honour Torontonians who died in
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841:, the location is Toronto's new city hall instead.
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1253:"Old City Hall: staff to study city museum option"
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821:Old City Hall appears in the 1981 children's book
1147:"Toronto's Old City Hall copper roof restoration"
918:Old Toronto City Hall and York County Court House
906:Old Toronto City Hall and York County Court House
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417:At the foot of the steps on Queen Street is the
2067:indicate structures now defunct or demolished.
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18:Civic building, court house in Ontario, Canada
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996:"Manning Chambers - Toronto, Ontario, Canada"
544:Architectural drawings of Old City Hall from
48:Toronto City Hall and York County Court House
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771:arts festival, artist Kurt Perschke brought
1124:"Architecture and Urban Design Awards 2005"
1018:"1900 - Manning Chambers, Toronto, Ontario"
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823:Jonathan Cleaned Up — Then He Heard a Sound
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1553:"Toronto's Old City Hall." City of Toronto
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1319:Architect Gets Artistic Revenge on Enemies
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532:closes in 2026 for extensive renovations.
2797:Romanesque Revival architecture in Canada
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284:The building is located at the corner of
265:civic building and former court house in
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1284:Edward James Lennox: builder of Toronto
2777:Government buildings completed in 1899
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1227:. City of Toronto. September 21, 2015.
1222:"Old City Hall: Future Tenant Options"
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343:Old Newmarket Town Hall and Courthouse
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1398:Van Der Voort, Jane (March 8, 2008).
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1075:Blackett, Matthew (October 9, 2007).
337:, the county seat and court moved to
194:103.64 m (340.0 ft) (tower)
2517:List of tallest buildings in Toronto
1469:"Toronto's Edwardian Skyscraper Row"
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1288:. Toronto : Dundurn Press. pp.
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923:Canadian Register of Historic Places
2822:City of Toronto Heritage Properties
2782:Buildings and structures in Toronto
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1171:. City of Toronto. October 23, 2000
1126:. City of Toronto. October 23, 2000
717:Front of Old City Hall in July 2024
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2827:National Historic Sites in Ontario
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971:"Chapter 11: A Queen Street Block"
686:at the upper corners of the tower.
664:The Union of Commerce and Industry
651:The Union of Commerce and Industry
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2559:National Historic Sites of Canada
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642:and Strachan depicting pioneers.
599:Westmorland County, New Brunswick
312:. Old City Hall was designated a
273:, Canada. It was the home of the
2807:Former seats of local government
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1316:Marsh, James H. (July 2, 2015).
1099:"Queen Street: Thematic Preview"
1077:"The public square we never got"
1045:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
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292:Streets, across Bay Street from
233:National Historic Site of Canada
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1149:. Traditionalproductreports.com
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567:Romanesque Revival architecture
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2832:1899 establishments in Ontario
2787:City and town halls in Ontario
2106:Toronto skyscrapers and towers
1808:Royal Agricultural Winter Fair
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1040:"Manning, Alexander Henderson"
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998:. Urbandb.com. January 1, 1995
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975:Landmarks of Toronto Revisited
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437:ceremonies every November 11.
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1830:Scarboro Beach Amusement Park
1816:Hanlan's Point Amusement Park
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739:Appearances in cultural works
2817:Terminating vistas in Canada
2812:Former courthouses in Canada
1982:Ontario Legislative Building
1803:Canadian National Exhibition
1715:Canadian Broadcasting Centre
526:Ontario Legislative Assembly
368:valley, grey stone from the
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1280:Litvak, Marilyn M. (1995).
881:Allegheny County Courthouse
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731:years since the end of the
696:tallest structure in Canada
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372:area, and brown stone from
327:Adelaide Street Court House
61:Civic building, court house
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1788:Centreville Amusement Park
487:Church of the Holy Trinity
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1169:"Toronto's Old City Hall"
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1837:Sunnyside Amusement Park
1698:Cultural and educational
1239:"New Toronto Courthouse"
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571:Richardsonian Romanesque
557:Romanesque Revival style
499:Ontario Court of Justice
277:from 1899 to 1966 and a
70:Richardsonian Romanesque
2325:Bank of Canada Building
2262:Maple Leaf Square South
2227:Maple Leaf Square North
2020:National Historic Sites
1445:Doucet, Robert (1984).
575:Henry Hobson Richardson
404:City Beautiful movement
212:Design and construction
35:Toronto's Old City Hall
2802:E. J. Lennox buildings
2792:Clock towers in Canada
2385:Royal Bank Plaza North
2335:Canada Permanent Trust
2272:44 Charles Street West
2247:Royal Bank Plaza South
1925:Nathan Phillips Square
1740:Ontario Science Centre
1705:Art Gallery of Ontario
1647:Hanlan's Point Stadium
1547:Old City Hall, Toronto
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1482:Listen to this article
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704:Gillett & Johnston
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314:National Historic Site
294:Nathan Phillips Square
279:provincial court house
2674:Northwest Territories
2147:TD Canada Trust Tower
1710:Canada's Walk of Fame
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1448:Blackberry Subway Jam
1050:University of Toronto
827:Blackberry Subway Jam
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308:to Queen Street as a
125:43.65250°N 79.38167°W
2636:Prince Edward Island
2202:Bay Wellington Tower
2127:First Canadian Place
1965:Billy Bishop Airport
1755:Royal Ontario Museum
1735:Italian Walk of Fame
1549:at Wikimedia Commons
1533:More spoken articles
478:Toronto Eaton Centre
370:Orangeville, Ontario
335:Metropolitan Toronto
275:Toronto City Council
149:Construction started
2350:Fairmont Royal York
2307:TD Waterhouse Tower
2157:Commerce Court West
1947:Yonge–Dundas Square
1874:St. Lawrence Market
1730:Hockey Hall of Fame
1725:Harbourfront Centre
1668:Mutual Street Arena
1471:in JSSAC 40 - 2015
1374:. February 19, 2011
839:National Film Board
833:and illustrated by
815:The Boondock Saints
358:Edward James Lennox
221:Edward James Lennox
130:43.65250; -79.38167
121: /
66:Architectural style
53:General information
2732:History portal
2473:Pinnacle One Yonge
2451:under construction
2435:World Trade Centre
2287:College Park North
2167:Harbour Plaza West
2162:Harbour Plaza East
1958:and infrastructure
1920:Leslie Street Spit
1689:Woodbine Racetrack
1661:Maple Leaf Stadium
1654:Maple Leaf Gardens
1641:Coca-Cola Coliseum
1570:Toronto City Hall
1503:
1056:. October 18, 2007
835:Michael Martchenko
781:This is Wonderland
753:
719:
688:
659:
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586:
565:in a variation of
550:
466:
396:
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339:Newmarket, Ontario
168:September 18, 1899
2764:
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2744:Canada portal
2525:
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2496:John Maryon Tower
2420:Toronto City Hall
2242:Royal Trust Tower
2217:Bay Adelaide East
2212:Four Seasons West
2182:Bay Adelaide West
2072:
2071:
1995:
1898:Parks and squares
1864:Kensington Market
1745:Ripley's Aquarium
1585:
1584:
1579:Toronto City Hall
1576:Succeeded by
1545:Media related to
1499:
1261:. October 5, 2015
1202:. January 5, 2024
1145:Gagné, Nicole V.
1079:. Spacing Toronto
787:Murdoch Mysteries
757:William Armstrong
635:George Agnew Reid
546:Queen Street West
513:city of Toronto.
503:10 Armoury Street
412:University Avenue
385:Toronto City Hall
381:Alexander Manning
310:terminating vista
298:present City Hall
255:
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199:Technical details
96:Queen Street West
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2579:British Columbia
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2370:One Yonge Street
2318:(alphabetically)
2316:Under 150 metres
2099:
2092:
2085:
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2042:Shopping centres
2025:Oldest buildings
1989:
1798:Exhibition Place
1679:Scotiabank Arena
1611:
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1573:1899–1965
1561:Preceded by
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1400:"Spring forward"
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700:Croydon, England
427:Second World War
302:Downtown Toronto
263:Romanesque-style
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2390:Sheraton Centre
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2267:Success Tower 1
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2113:Over 150 metres
2108:
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1987:Pearson Airport
1957:
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1942:Toronto Islands
1905:Centennial Park
1893:
1869:Sherway Gardens
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1514:This audio file
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1460:Further reading
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1020:. Archiseek.com
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947:. No. GT4.
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773:Redball Project
767:. For the 2009
749:Redball Project
741:
733:First World War
724:
676:
630:
573:. Developed by
559:
538:
495:
470:Nathan Phillips
435:Remembrance Day
400:Victoria Square
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185:City of Toronto
144:municipal court
141:Current tenants
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859:Ontario portal
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804:Covert Affairs
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1930:Toronto Sign
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366:Credit River
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341:(and to the
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217:Architect(s)
45:Former names
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2755:WikiProject
2667:Territories
2651:Quebec City
2599:Nova Scotia
2561:by location
2489:never built
2463:Concord Sky
2458:CIBC Square
2375:Palace Pier
2330:Canada Life
2115:(by height)
2047:Skyscrapers
1992:Mississauga
1772:Toronto Zoo
1343:|work=
692:clock tower
674:Clock tower
622:Minneapolis
482:skyscrapers
447:Peace Tower
423:World War I
331:York County
204:Floor count
176:1980s, 2002
165:Inaugurated
128: /
103:Coordinates
2771:Categories
2360:Metro Hall
2252:INDX Tower
2232:RBC Centre
2187:Shangri-La
1910:Guild Park
1529:Audio help
1520:2006-01-29
1304:city hall.
1206:January 5,
1175:August 13,
1153:August 13,
1130:August 13,
1105:August 13,
1083:August 13,
1024:August 13,
1002:August 13,
893:References
793:Flashpoint
618:Cincinnati
548:from 1887.
455:grotesques
431:Korean War
240:Designated
116:79°22′54″W
2567:Provinces
2277:Quantum 2
2152:One Bloor
1970:City Hall
1915:High Park
1889:Yorkville
1854:Chinatown
1781:Amusement
1760:The Tenor
1720:Casa Loma
1636:BMO Field
1618:Landmarks
1378:August 1,
1345:ignored (
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684:gargoyles
569:known as
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442:gargoyles
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173:Renovated
157:Completed
113:43°39′9″N
2719:Category
2646:Montreal
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2609:Hamilton
2584:Manitoba
2222:EY Tower
2172:Ten York
2122:CN Tower
2052:CN Tower
1879:The WELL
1847:Shopping
1793:CN Tower
1531: ·
1371:CityNews
1258:CBC News
845:See also
769:Luminato
628:Interior
419:Cenotaph
296:and the
86:, Canada
76:Location
2679:Nunavut
2629:Toronto
2619:Niagara
2604:Ontario
2574:Alberta
2478:The One
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2207:L Tower
2065:Italics
2015:Museums
2008:By type
1622:Toronto
1518: (
1489:minutes
980:July 3,
755:Artist
320:History
271:Ontario
267:Toronto
91:Address
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2700:France
2641:Quebec
2624:Ottawa
2365:Murano
2292:Burano
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429:, the
191:Height
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