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88:
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permits are required to cross the East
Alligator River, the western boundary of Arnhem Land, and travel east to Gunbalanya, obtainable from offices in Darwin or Jabiru. These may take up to two weeks to finalise, and many visitors prefer to see Arnhem Land through an organised tour operation.
700:
In the Anime film "Mobile Suit Gundam
Hathaway", the town features as a rally point of an assembling group of "rebel" supporters, of the Group "Mafty", with over 30,000 supporters of the group having amassed at the time of the events in the film. The in world name of the town is spelled as
603:
The town is regarded as one of the major
Aboriginal towns in Arnhem Land, and includes a school (pre-school to Year 12), health clinic, service station, police station, aged care, recreational clubs, community arts centre (Injalak Arts), and various stores.
375:
him in order to chain him up with a group of others who were being sent to Darwin. Narlim was sent away under police escort, with his baby daughter on his shoulder. He never returned, but his daughter, Peggy did, and later became a community leader.
459:
Gunbalanya is the largest town in the area and the nearest population centre to
Awunbarna, also known as Mount Borradaile, a mountain about 120 metres (390 ft) above sea level about 34.9 kilometres (21.7 mi) away. Awunbarna is a
607:
The Stone
Country Festival (formerly Gunbalanya Cultural Open Day) is usually held in August and access for this is allowed without permit. Though an annual event, it is sometimes not able to be organised in a given year.
1985:
401:
reported his ‘new’ discovery of cave paintings at Obiri—a shelter 18m long and 2.7m high which contained tens of thousands of figures. Mountford proposed that the site be made a national reserve.
367:
of the land, Nipper
Marakarra, Narlim, was born in 1909 and grew up at the mission. He continued to stay there as he wanted to have his children taught English, and also saw it as a way to stay
1895:
Birch, Bruce 'Erre
Mengerrdji Urningangk: Three Languages From The Alligator Rivers Region of North Western Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia', Gundjeihmi Aboriginal Corporation, 2006
671:
transferred their rock art skills to bark. These bark paintings are now held in art galleries in
Australia and across the world. Exhibitions of bark paintings include "Old Masters" at the
1978:
352:, with church, school, dispensary, garden, and store, to which they added pastoral work with feral cattle and horses. Among those who attended the mission school was the celebrated
2029:
1327:
574:, and Oenpelli. The road is dirt from the East Alligator to just before Gunbalanya, a distance of about 16 kilometres (9.9 mi). While this road is generally navigable by
2009:
1971:
390:
1621:
337:, the language of the people who now live there, who began moving into the area from the east following the Cahill's establishment of his cattle station there in 1909.
589:
Dry season travellers are able to drive the 300 kilometres (190 mi) from Darwin in about three hours and 60 kilometres (37 mi) from Jabiru in under an hour.
2091:
379:
In 1933, Nell Harris, a young woman of 29 years old, was taught
Kunwinkju by the local people, and, along with Hannah Mangiru and Rachel Maralngurra, translated the
1354:
Chapman, Denise; Russell, Suzy (2011). "The
Responsibilities of Leadership: The records of Charles P. Mountford". In Thomas, Martin; Neale, Margot (eds.).
207:
195:
113:
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171:
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Oenpelli remained a mission until 1975, when responsibility was transferred to an Aboriginal town council and the name was changed to Gunbalanya.
519:
1939:
80:
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2101:
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17:
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is a sealed all weather airstrip located in Gunbalanya, and a number of companies offer charter flights to and from this airport.
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as traditional custodians. However, when a visiting policeman in the late 1930s found that Narlim had an infectious disease, he
393:
visited Oenpelli for three months and collected a large array of local artefacts, art, and specimens. Leader of the Expedition
1200:
1866:
1813:
1387:
693:
was filmed in the area, and the story reflects some of the history of the region, including a fictionalised version of the
473:
2024:
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1427:
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is named after nearby Injalak Hill, which has many rock art galleries and is the main tourist attraction in Gunbalanya.
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1363:
545:
527:
452:
peoples. At the 2016 Australian census, Gunbalanya had a population of 1,116. 88.6% of the population identified as
368:
2050:
1185:
1328:"How historically accurate is the film High Ground? The violence it depicts is uncomfortably close to the truth"
2055:
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676:
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318:
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1189:
672:
183:
106:
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1622:"Introducing the Maliwawa Figures: a previously undescribed rock art style found in Western Arnhem Land"
2019:
2014:
1963:
1832:
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559:
244:
164:
1936:
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and the location of a significant number of rock paintings. A study published in 2020 recording the
340:
Oenpelli, as it was known then, was established by the Rev. Alfred Dyer as a mission in 1925 by the
1405:
508:
1759:
689:
512:
1841:
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701:"Oenbelli" due to a computing error during the towns registration in the space emigration era.
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232:
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1568:
Grove, Margaret (2003). "Woman, man, land: an example from Arnhem Land, North Australia".
8:
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In the 1960s the mission at Oenpelli encouraged traditional rock painting artists to
611:
The local radio station is called "RIBS" for Remote Indigenous Broadcasting Service.
364:
341:
314:
248:
1543:
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694:
660:
597:
575:
465:
357:
1943:
349:
1842:"The man who attended his own wake:Big Bill Neidjie, Kakadu Man, circa WWI-2002"
639:
Local artistic traditions are continued and adapted by the Injalak Arts Centre.
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566:. About 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) before Jabiru, the sealed road turns off to
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322:
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2080:
1604:
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445:
348:, on the former cattle station. Dyer and his wife Mary established a typical
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128:
115:
1326:
Gumurdul, Julie Narndal; Rademaker, Laura; May, Sally K. (9 February 2021).
1581:
1428:"Wellington Range Project Northern Territory EL 5893 Relinquishment Report"
640:
283:
419:, shares the historic name of this community, as does Oenpelli bloodwood,
1469:...licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia Licence.
236:
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1993:
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The area now known as Gunbalanya was originally called "Uwunbarlany" by
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263:
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Ancient ochres: the Aboriginal rock paintings of Mount Borradaile
353:
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describes paintings at 87 sites across western Arnhem Land from
1926:
1184:
449:
484:
1426:
Ranford, Cath; Melville, Paul; Bentley, Craig (August 2008).
567:
391:
1948 American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land
1544:"Mt. Borradaile, Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia"
1382:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp.
663:, and several important Aboriginal artists, including Lofty
632:
Western Arnhem Land is home to some of the most significant
27:
Aboriginal Australian town in Northern Territory, Australia
1958:
1948:
1931:
317:, who were its original inhabitants. Oenpelli was the way
243:
of Australia, about 300 kilometres (190 mi) east of
1378:
Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011).
1227:
436:
intrusive event occurred about 1,720 million years ago.
1806:
Exploring the Legacy of the 1948 Arnhem Land Expedition
1782:"Climate statistics for Australian locations- OENPELLI"
1356:
Exploring the Legacy of the 1948 Arnhem Land Expedition
623:
Wooden skull painted with clan designs, from Gunbalanya
1474:
1425:
1953:
1302:
1290:
1251:
1808:. Australian National University. pp. 313–335.
1620:
S.C.Taçon, Paul; May, Sally K. (30 September 2020).
1325:
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in the area, pronounced the local word. The present
1802:"The American Clever Man (Marrkijbu Burdan Merika)"
713:Climate data for Gunbalanya (Oenpelli) (1991–2013)
479:
1239:
149:
2092:Aboriginal communities in the Northern Territory
2078:
1898:Aboriginal Arts Board of the Australia Council,
397:returned to Oenpelli in 1949, when the Adelaide
1567:
444:The local people speak Kunwinjku (a dialect of
247:. The main language spoken in the community is
40:
1603:Roberts, David Andrew; Parker, Adrian (2003),
1433:. Report No.: WR08-02. Cameco Australia Pty Lt
1353:
1979:
1718:"Old Masters: Australia's great bark artists"
1459:. Australian Government. Geoscience Australia
570:, the Border Store, Cahill's Crossing on the
69:A view of Gunbalanya from nearby Injalak Hill
1619:
1613:
321:(c. 1863–1923), the founder of the original
526:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
404:
1986:
1972:
1875:
1839:
1804:. In Thomas, Martin; Neale, Margo (eds.).
1486:
1480:
1308:
1199:
558:The sealed Arnhem Highway links Darwin to
278:. It has a range of services, including a
63:
1159:Source: Australian Bureau of Meteorology
546:Learn how and when to remove this message
1854:
1648:"A missing part of the rock art gallery"
1453:"Definition card for: Oenpelli Dolerite"
1399:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1296:
1278:. Bininj Kunwok Regional Language Centre
1257:
1190:"Gunbalanya (urban centre and locality)"
618:
586:(November to April) and at high tides.
483:
454:Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander
308:
259:, Gunbalanya had a population of 1,177.
1645:
1457:Australian Stratigraphic Units Database
1166:
582:which is closed by flooding during the
439:
14:
2079:
1822:
1536:
1511:
1358:. Canberra: ANU E Press. p. 263.
1245:
1967:
1932:Injalak Stone Country Arts and Crafts
1825:"Cahill, Patrick (Paddy) (1863–1923)"
1799:
1314:
1233:
2102:Australian Aboriginal freehold title
1494:"2016 Census QuickStats: Gunbalanya"
524:adding citations to reliable sources
491:
282:, school and community arts centre,
1774:
659:and travellers. This soon became a
655:. These painted barks were sold to
24:
1994:Localities and communities of the
1889:
1840:Mackinolty, Chips (17 June 2002).
1829:Australian Dictionary of Biography
1646:Nichele, Amelia (4 October 2020).
356:elder and interpreter of culture,
262:Only accessible by air during the
227:, and historically referred to as
163:300 km (186 mi) east of
87:
25:
2113:
1920:
1380:The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles
1269:
614:
578:vehicle, the river crossing is a
1498:quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au
1214:"SBS Australian Census Explorer"
646:
496:
409:The large and uncommon Oenpelli
301:and the location of significant
86:
79:
2087:Towns in the Northern Territory
1909:, Nungalinya Publications, 1975
1742:
1710:
1684:
1666:"Mick Kubarrku oenpelli Artist"
1658:
1639:
1596:
1561:
1445:
1419:
1393:
1372:
1347:
1276:Bininj Kunwok online dictionary
1186:Australian Bureau of Statistics
480:Access, facilities, and tourism
1937:West Arnhem College Gunbalanya
1914:Arnhem Land: Places and People
1755:Art Gallery of New South Wales
1519:"Awunbarna (Mount Borradaile)"
1263:
1206:
1178:
677:Art Gallery of New South Wales
675:and "Crossing Country" at the
329:is an anglisation of the word
303:Indigenous Australian rock art
289:It is the nearest town to the
266:, Gunbalanya is known for its
13:
1:
1855:Mulvaney, Derek John (2004).
1792:
1042:Average rainfall mm (inches)
448:), and are a grouping of the
363:The eldest son of the senior
1927:West Arnhem Regional Council
1881:West Arnhem Regional Council
1861:. Aboriginal Studies Press.
1723:National Museum of Australia
1402:"Eucalypt Diversity Gallery"
673:National Museum of Australia
432:event known as the Oenpelli
18:Oenpelli, Northern Territory
7:
1959:Online Kunwinjku dictionary
902:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
832:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
627:
10:
2118:
1833:Melbourne University Press
1158:
712:
704:
682:
2038:
2002:
1847:The Sydney Morning Herald
1696:Aboriginal Bark Paintings
1670:Aboriginal Bark Paintings
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62:
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1858:Paddy Cahill of Oenpelli
1406:Currency Creek Arboretum
1171:
405:Use of the name Oenpelli
1390:. ("Oenpelli", p. 193).
687:Parts of the 2020 film
196:Territory electorate(s)
41:
1900:Oenpelli Bark Painting
1823:Clinch, M. A. (1979).
1582:10.3828/bfarm.2003.2.6
1194:Australian Census 2021
624:
489:
299:Aboriginal sacred site
257:2021 Australian census
1949:Northern Land Council
1942:31 March 2015 at the
1907:A History of Oenpelli
1800:Birch, Bruce (2011).
622:
591:Northern Land Council
487:
416:Morelia oenpelliensis
309:Etymology and history
233:Aboriginal Australian
1167:Notes and references
762:Record high °C (°F)
667:, Mick Kubarrku and
572:East Alligator River
564:Kakadu National Park
520:improve this section
440:People and surrounds
315:Erre-speaking people
1762:on 28 February 2019
1698:. 28 September 2017
1236:, p. 313, n.3.
1112:Average rainy days
972:Record low °C (°F)
422:Corymbia dunlopiana
383:into the language.
208:Federal division(s)
125: /
1996:West Arnhem Region
1954:Kunwinjku language
1750:"crossing country"
625:
562:, the town within
490:
241:Northern Territory
177:West Arnhem Region
129:12.317°S 133.050°E
56:Northern Territory
2074:
2073:
1902:, Ure Smith, 1979
1868:978-0-855-75456-3
1815:978-1-921-66645-2
1730:on 3 January 2019
1692:"Dick Murramurra"
1672:. 26 October 2017
1388:978-1-4214-0135-5
1163:
1162:
556:
555:
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472:westwards to the
395:Charles Mountford
365:traditional owner
342:Church of England
218:
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16:(Redirected from
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1188:(28 June 2022).
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661:cottage industry
598:Oenpelli Airport
576:four-wheel drive
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466:Maliwawa Figures
295:Mount Borradaile
293:, also known as
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1784:. 8 July 2024.
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1570:Before Farming
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1299:, p. 58.
1298:
1297:Mulvaney 2004
1293:
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1273:
1272:"Kunbarlanja"
1266:
1260:, p. 37.
1259:
1258:Mulvaney 2004
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505:This section
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446:Bininj Kunwok
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276:bark painting
273:
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254:
253:Bininj Kunwok
250:
246:
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238:
235:town in west
234:
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19:
2045:
1913:
1906:
1899:
1877:"Gunbalanya"
1857:
1845:
1828:
1805:
1776:
1764:. Retrieved
1760:the original
1753:
1744:
1732:. Retrieved
1728:the original
1721:
1712:
1700:. Retrieved
1695:
1686:
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1669:
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1641:
1629:. Retrieved
1625:
1615:
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1522:
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1497:
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1421:
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1331:
1304:
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1280:. Retrieved
1275:
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1241:
1229:
1219:27 September
1217:. Retrieved
1208:
1193:
1180:
699:
688:
686:
650:
641:Injalak Arts
638:
631:
610:
606:
602:
596:
588:
557:
542:
533:
518:Please help
506:
488:Injalak Hill
458:
443:
427:
420:
414:
408:
398:
388:
385:
378:
362:
358:Bill Neidjie
339:
330:
319:Paddy Cahill
312:
294:
290:
288:
284:Injalak Arts
261:
228:
224:
223:(also spelt
220:
219:
29:
2097:Arnhem Land
2051:Mamadawerre
2039:Communities
2030:West Arnhem
1576:(2): 1–15.
1246:Clinch 1979
690:High Ground
462:sacred site
333:current in
331:Kunbarlanja
237:Arnhem Land
225:Kunbarlanja
189:Arnhem Land
132: /
107:Coordinates
42:Kunbarlanja
2081:Categories
2056:Maningrida
2046:Gunbalanya
2003:Localities
1793:References
1609:, JB Books
1523:bonzle.com
1234:Birch 2011
1114:(≥ 1.0 mm)
584:wet season
430:geological
399:Advertiser
373:handcuffed
369:on Country
264:wet season
255:). At the
221:Gunbalanya
145:Population
94:Gunbalanya
36:Gunbalanya
2061:Minjilang
1766:3 January
1734:3 January
1702:3 January
1676:3 January
1631:4 October
1590:2056-3264
1553:4 October
1528:4 October
1503:4 October
1463:5 October
1437:5 October
1411:5 October
536:July 2024
507:does not
470:Awunbarna
335:Kunwinjku
291:Awunbarna
249:Kunwinjku
49:Gunwinggu
1940:Archived
1339:18 April
1107:(60.53)
1057:(10.56)
1052:(15.84)
1047:(15.15)
827:(106.9)
822:(103.8)
817:(106.9)
812:(106.0)
807:(102.9)
782:(100.8)
767:(100.0)
665:Bardayal
634:rock art
628:Rock art
580:causeway
434:Dolerite
272:rock art
231:) is an
229:Oenpelli
213:Lingiari
160:Location
120:133°03′E
2066:Warruwi
2010:Cobourg
1883:. 2016.
1282:16 June
1105:1,537.4
1102:(9.35)
1097:(4.25)
1092:(0.74)
1087:(0.17)
1082:(0.06)
1077:(0.00)
1072:(0.02)
1067:(0.42)
1062:(4.38)
1037:(49.6)
1032:(69.3)
1027:(64.4)
1022:(57.9)
1017:(53.8)
1012:(49.6)
1007:(50.0)
1002:(50.7)
997:(57.9)
992:(63.0)
987:(70.5)
982:(69.8)
977:(69.4)
967:(72.3)
962:(76.6)
957:(75.4)
952:(72.5)
947:(68.2)
942:(64.9)
937:(65.5)
932:(67.6)
927:(71.4)
922:(75.2)
917:(76.5)
912:(76.5)
907:(76.6)
897:(93.4)
892:(95.0)
887:(99.0)
882:(99.3)
877:(96.8)
872:(92.3)
867:(89.6)
862:(89.4)
857:(91.4)
852:(92.7)
847:(91.8)
842:(90.9)
837:(91.6)
802:(99.9)
797:(96.8)
792:(96.3)
787:(97.3)
777:(98.1)
772:(98.1)
705:Climate
683:In film
528:removed
513:sources
354:Gagudju
327:toponym
239:in the
201:Arafura
148:1,153 (
117:12°19′S
2020:Kakadu
2015:Jabiru
1865:
1812:
1588:
1386:
1362:
1198:
718:Month
560:Jabiru
450:Bininj
411:python
245:Darwin
184:Region
172:LGA(s)
165:Darwin
45:
1431:(PDF)
1172:Notes
1154:86.9
1151:15.0
1124:16.8
1121:18.0
1118:18.6
1100:237.4
1095:108.0
1060:111.3
1055:268.1
1050:402.3
1045:384.9
757:Year
568:Ubirr
297:, an
1863:ISBN
1810:ISBN
1768:2019
1736:2019
1704:2019
1678:2019
1633:2020
1586:ISSN
1574:2003
1555:2020
1530:2020
1505:2020
1465:2020
1439:2020
1413:2020
1384:ISBN
1360:ISBN
1341:2022
1284:2019
1221:2022
1148:7.1
1145:1.7
1142:0.5
1139:0.2
1136:0.0
1133:0.1
1130:1.5
1127:7.4
1090:18.8
1065:10.6
1030:20.7
1025:18.0
1020:14.4
1015:12.1
1005:10.0
1000:10.4
995:14.4
990:17.2
985:21.4
980:21.0
975:20.8
965:22.4
960:24.8
955:24.1
950:22.5
945:20.1
940:18.3
935:18.6
930:19.8
925:21.9
920:24.0
915:24.7
910:24.7
905:24.8
895:34.1
890:35.0
885:37.2
880:37.4
875:36.0
870:33.5
865:32.0
860:31.9
855:33.0
850:33.7
845:33.2
840:32.7
835:33.1
825:41.6
820:39.9
815:41.6
810:41.1
805:39.4
800:37.7
795:36.0
790:35.7
785:36.3
780:38.2
775:36.7
770:36.7
765:37.8
754:Dec
751:Nov
748:Oct
745:Sep
742:Aug
739:Jul
736:Jun
733:May
730:Apr
727:Mar
724:Feb
721:Jan
511:any
509:cite
389:The
274:and
153:2021
1578:doi
1085:4.3
1080:1.5
1075:0.1
1070:0.6
1035:9.8
1010:9.8
522:by
344:'s
150:UCL
2083::
1879:.
1844:.
1827:.
1752:.
1720:.
1694:.
1668:.
1650:.
1624:.
1584:.
1572:.
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1404:.
1330:.
1316:^
1274:.
1192:.
697:.
679:.
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428:A
425:.
413:,
360:.
305:.
286:.
1987:e
1980:t
1973:v
1871:.
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1223:.
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549:)
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538:)
534:(
530:.
516:.
155:)
51:)
47:(
20:)
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