977:, marine engineers must consider whether they will use a "gray" infrastructure solution - such as a breakwater, culvert, or sea wall made from rocks and concrete - or a "green" infrastructure solution that incorporates aquatic plants, mangroves, and/or marsh ecosystems. It has been found that gray infrastructure costs more to build and maintain, but it may provide better protection against ocean forces in high-energy wave environments. A green solution is generally less expensive and more well-integrated with local vegetation, but may be susceptible to erosion or damage if executed improperly. In many cases engineers will select a hybrid approach that combines elements of both gray and green solutions.
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that moves the fluids through the system. Cavitation is also seen in propulsion. Low pressure pockets form on the surface of the propeller blades as its revolutions per minute increase (IIMS, 2015). Cavitation on the propeller causes a small but violent implosion which could warp the propeller blade. To remedy the issue, more blades allow the same amount of propulsion force but at a lower rate of revolutions. This is crucial for submarines as the propeller needs to keep the vessel relatively quiet to stay hidden. With more propeller blades, the vessel is able to achieve the same amount of propulsion force at lower shaft revolutions.
1094:. The industry trend has been towards smaller, more accurate and more affordable systems so that they can be purchased and used by university departments and small companies as well as large corporations, research organisations and governments. The sensors and instruments are fitted to autonomous and remotely-operated systems as well as ships, and are enabling these systems to take on tasks that hitherto required an expensive human-crewed platform. Manufacture of marine sensors and instruments mainly takes place in Asia, Europe and North America. Products are advertised in specialist journals, and through
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747:. What makes the naval architect's job unique is that a ship operates in two fluids simultaneously: water and air. Even after a ship has been designed and put to sea, marine engineers face the challenge of balancing cargo, as stacking containers vertically increases the mass of the ship and shifts the center of gravity higher. The weight of fuel also presents a problem, as the pitch of the ship may cause the liquid to shift, resulting in an imbalance. In some vessels, this offset will be counteracted by storing water inside larger
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holding tank to be separated before being tested again. The tank it is sent back to, the oily water separator, utilizes gravity to separate the fluids due to their viscosity. Ships over 400 gross tons are required to carry the equipment to separate oil from bilge water. Further, as enforced by MARPOL, all ships over 400 gross tons and all oil tankers over 150 gross tons are required to log all oil transfers in an oil record book (EPA, 2011).
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however, this number is expected to increase to 9,200 by 2026 (BLS, 2017). This is due at least in part to the critical role of the shipping industry on the global market supply chain; 80% of the world's trade by volume is done overseas by close to 50,000 ships, all of which require marine engineers aboard and shoreside (ICS, 2017). Additionally, offshore energy continues to grow, and a greater need exists for
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775:) to serve as a "sacrificial anode" in the corrosion reaction. This causes the metal to corrode instead of the ship's hull. Another way to prevent corrosion is by sending a controlled amount of low DC current through the ship's hull, thereby changing the hull's electrical charge and delaying the onset of electro-chemical corrosion. Similar problems are encountered in coastal and offshore structures.
954:), marine engineers must overcome an array of design challenges. Equipment must be able to operate at extreme temperatures for prolonged periods of time, often with little to no maintenance. This creates the need for exceptionally temperature-resistant materials and durable precision electronic components.
1014:, which operate underwater without a human aboard. UUVs often perform work in locations which would be otherwise impossible or difficult to access by humans due to a number of environmental factors (e.g. depth, remoteness, and/or temperature). UUVs can be remotely operated by humans, like in the case of
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designs. Harbors can be natural or artificial and protect anchored ships from wind, waves, and currents. Ports can be defined as a city, town, or place where ships are moored, loaded, or unloaded. Ports typically reside within a harbor and are made up of one or more individual terminals that handle a
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introduced a global sulfur cap in 2020, limiting the sulfur content in marine fuels to 0.5% in most areas. This regulation aims to reduce the environmental impact of shipping and protect marine life from the harmful effects of sulfur emissions. In addition, the IMO’s 2023 strategy on the reduction of
453:
In the engineering of seagoing vessels, naval architecture is concerned with the overall design of the ship and its propulsion through the water, while marine engineering ensures that the ship systems function as per the design. Although they have distinctive disciplines, naval architects and marine
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is the process of forming an air bubble in a liquid due to the vaporization of that liquid cause by an area of low pressure. This area of low pressure lowers the boiling point of a liquid allowing it to vaporize into a gas. Cavitation can take place in pumps, which can cause damage to the impeller
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Marine construction is the process of building structures in or adjacent to large bodies of water, usually the sea. These structures can be built for a variety of purposes, including transportation, energy production, and recreation. Marine construction can involve the use of a variety of building
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Other forms of marine growth such as mussels and algae may attach themselves to the bottom of a ship's hull. This growth interferes with the smoothness and uniformity of the ship's hull, causing the ship to have a less hydrodynamic shape that causes it to be slower and less fuel-efficient. Marine
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In the same way that civil engineers design to accommodate wind loads on building and bridges, marine engineers design to accommodate a ship or submarine struck by waves millions of times over the course of the vessel's life. These load conditions are also found in marine construction and coastal
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In 2012, the average annual earnings for marine engineers in the U.S. were $ 96,140 with average hourly earnings of $ 46.22. As a field, marine engineering is predicted to grow approximately 12% from 2016 to 2026. Currently, there are about 8,200 naval architects and marine engineers employed,
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Water, oil, and other substances collect at the bottom of the ship in what is known as the bilge. Bilge water is pumped overboard, but must pass a pollution threshold test of 15 ppm (parts per million) of oil to be discharged. Water is tested and either discharged if clean or recirculated to a
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are dedicated to teaching and training students in maritime professions. Marine engineers generally have a bachelor's degree in marine engineering, marine engineering technology, or marine systems engineering. Practical training is valued by employers alongside the bachelor's degree.
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The shipping industry has been working towards reducing harmful emissions, including sulfur emissions from burning marine fuels. Ships traditionally burn heavy fuel oil, which releases sulfur dioxide, contributing to ocean acidification and atmospheric pollution. In response, the
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680:(UUVs) stands to benefit from the use of autonomous algorithms and networking. Marine engineers aim to learn how advancements in autonomy and networking can be used to enhance existing UUV technologies and facilitate the development of more capable underwater vehicles.
1086:. These have a high bandwidth compared with acoustic systems, but the range is usually only a few tens of metres, and ideally at night. As well as acoustic communications and navigation, sensors have been developed to measure ocean parameters such as temperature,
656:, carrying as much as 99 percent of total global internet and signal traffic. These cables must be engineered to withstand deep-sea environments that are remote and often unforgiving, with extreme pressures and temperatures as well as potential interference by
1050:. High-frequency sound is used to measure the depth of the ocean, determine the nature of the seafloor, and detect submerged objects. The higher the frequency, the higher the definition of the data that is returned. Sound Navigation and Ranging or
77:. Here it is also taken to include the engineering of other ocean systems and structures – referred to in certain academic and professional circles as "ocean engineering". After completing this degree one can join a ship as an officer in
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Oceanography is a scientific field concerned with the acquisition and analysis of data to characterize the ocean. Although separate disciplines, marine engineering and oceanography are closely intertwined: marine engineers often use
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due to the pollution created. It is commercially advantageous due to the cost effectiveness compared to other marine fuels. It is prospected that heavy fuel oil will be phased out of commercial use by the year 2020 (Smith, 2018).
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gathered by oceanographers to inform their design and research, and oceanographers use tools designed by marine engineers (more specifically, oceanographic engineers) to advance their understanding and exploration of the ocean.
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a distinctive field from marine engineering, which is concerned with the design and application of shipboard systems specifically. However, on account of its similar nomenclature and multiple overlapping core disciplines (e.g.
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greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions sets ambitious goals to further cut carbon emissions and promote the use of alternative fuels and technologies to ensure long-term sustainability in the maritime industry, as explained in the
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is the process of eliminating obstructive organisms from essential components of seawater systems. Depending on the nature and location of marine growth, this process is performed in a number of different ways:
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and ocean systems. It includes but is not limited to power and propulsion plants, machinery, piping, automation and control systems for marine vehicles of any kind, as well as coastal and offshore structures.
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Marine engineering incorporates many aspects of mechanical engineering. One manifestation of this relationship lies in the design of shipboard propulsion systems. Mechanical engineers design the main
1062:, and has been greatly refined through to the present day. Submarines similarly use sonar equipment to detect and target other submarines and surface ships, and to detect submerged obstacles such as
1241:. Marine engineers plan and design various types of marine terminals and structures found in ports, and they must understand the loads imposed on these structures over the course of their lifetime.
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A knowledge of marine engineering proves useful in the field of petroleum engineering, as hydrodynamics and seabed integration serve as key elements in the design and maintenance of offshore
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to derive highly detailed images of the ocean floor. High power systems can penetrate the soil and seabed rocks to give information about the geology of the seafloor, and are widely used in
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is traditionally regarded as the first marine engineer, having developed a number of marine engineering systems in antiquity. Modern marine engineering dates back to the beginning of the
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Conferences in the field of marine engineering include the IEEE Oceanic
Engineering Society's OCEANS Conference and Exposition and the European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference (EWTEC).
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applications. Many designs have been proposed and numerous prototypes have been built, but the problem of harnessing wave energy in a cost-effective manner remains largely unresolved.
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The saltwater environment faced by seagoing vessels makes them highly susceptible to corrosion. In every project, marine engineers are concerned with surface protection and preventing
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With a diverse engineering background, marine engineers work in a variety of industry jobs across every field of math, science, technology, and engineering. A few companies such as
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specialize in marine engineering, while other companies consult marine engineers for specific projects. Such consulting commonly occurs in the oil industry, with companies such as
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is essential to a marine engineer's repertoire of skills. These and other mechanical engineering subjects serve as an integral component of the marine engineering curriculum.
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point straight down and can give an accurate reading of ocean depth (or look up at the underside of sea-ice). More advanced echo sounders use a fan-shaped beam or sound, or
818:, releases its ion into the water, creating an environment that is too toxic for bio-matter. The second metal, aluminum, coats the inside of the pipes to prevent corrosion.
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tanks. Marine engineers are responsible for the task of balancing and tracking the fuel and ballast water of a ship. Floating offshore structures have similar constraints.
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Michael E. McCormick, Professor
Emeritus of the Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering at the U.S. Naval Academy and pioneer of wave energy research
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Graduate students in ocean engineering take classes on more advanced, in-depth subjects while conducting research to complete a graduate-level thesis. The
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applies a mixture of civil engineering and other disciplines to create coastal solutions for areas along or near the ocean. In protecting coastlines from
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Civil engineering concepts play in an important role in many marine engineering projects such as the design and construction of ocean structures, ocean
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717:. Some examples of marine structures include ships, offshore platforms, moorings, pipelines, cables, wharves, bridges, tunnels, breakwaters and docks.
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techniques are continuously modified and improved to recover shipwrecks. Marine engineers use their skills to assist at some stages of this process.
85:. This rank is one of the top ranks onboard and is equal to the rank of a ship's captain. Marine engineering is the highly preferred course to join
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An electrolytic method of anti-fouling involves running electrical current through two anodes (Scardino, 2009). These anodes typically consist of
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Society of Naval
Architects and Marine Engineers(2013) About SNAME, Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers. Retrieved April 2, 2014
502:), "ocean engineering" sometimes operates under the umbrella term of "marine engineering", especially in industry and academia outside of the
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marked the first sea voyage from
America to Europe. Around 50 years later the steam powered paddle wheels had a peak with the creation of the
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2059:, U.S. Department of Labor. (January 8, 2014) Marine Engineers and Naval Architects, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Retrieved April 2, 2014
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would become the front runners of the steamship industry for the next thirty years till the next type of propulsion came around.
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degree specifically in ocean engineering. Accredited programs consist of basic undergraduate math and science subjects such as
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Marine organisms may grow and attach to the surfaces of the outboard suction inlets used to obtain water for cooling systems.
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systems are typically designed by their suppliers; the only design responsibility of the marine engineering is installation.
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may be required. There are also Marine engineers who have come from other disciplines, e.g., from engineering fields like
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1407:(SNAME) is a worldwide society that is focused on the advancement of the maritime industry. SNAME was founded in 1893.
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handling, heating, ventilation, air conditioning interior and exterior communication, and other related requirements.
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often perform work related to marine engineering. Military contractors (especially those in naval shipyards) and the
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The burning of marine fuels releases harmful pollutants into the atmosphere. Ships burn marine diesel in addition to
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1962:"Combining gray and green infrastructure to improve coastal resilience: lessons learnt from hybrid flood defenses."
1949:"Combining gray and green infrastructure to improve coastal resilience: lessons learnt from hybrid flood defenses."
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This article is about a field of design engineering. For the operating engineer also called a marine engineer, see
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A number of systems designed fully or in part by marine engineers are used offshore - far away from coastlines.
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involves running high electrical current through sea water, altering the water's chemical composition to create
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with a higher yield than wind farms on land, while encountering less resistance from the general public (
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The following categories provide a number of focus areas in which marine engineers direct their efforts.
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follows the story of the team that built a submersible in which
Cameron made the first solo descent to
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farms encounter many similar marine engineering challenges to oil platforms. They provide a source of
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growth on the hull can be remedied by using special paint that prevents the growth of such organisms.
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degree such as M.Eng, M.S., M.Sc. or M.A.Sc. in Marine
Engineering after graduating from a different
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Massachusetts
Institute of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering. Ocean Engineering home.
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Massachusetts
Institute of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering. Ocean Engineering home.
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2183:"Research Area: Ocean Science and Engineering | MIT Department of Mechanical Engineering"
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for students studying ocean engineering and other ocean-related topics at the graduate level.
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http://www.bls.gov/ooh/architecture-and-engineering/marine-engineers-and-naval-architects.htm
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A marine engineer may also deal with the planning, creation, expansion, and modification of
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to propel a vessel through the water. Fulton's ship used the engine to power a small wooden
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as an officer as it provides ample opportunities in terms of both onboard and onshore jobs.
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In designing systems that operate in the arctic (especially scientific equipment such as
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1684: – Branch of architecture focused on coastal, near-shore and off-shore construction
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involves a number of marine engineering challenges. Platforms must be able to withstand
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presents a unique set of challenges requiring a detailed knowledge of pressure vessels,
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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plant, the powering and mechanization aspects of the ship functions such as steering,
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is concerned with other structures and systems in or adjacent to the ocean, including
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was the start of the marine engineering profession. Only twelve years after Fulton's
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United States Naval
Academy Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering.
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United States Naval
Academy Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering.
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Marine engineers performed an important role in the clean-up of oil spills such as
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Depending on the country and jurisdiction, to be licensed as a Marine engineer, a
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1975:"Balancing Green and Gray Infrastructure Solutions to Mitigate Coastal Flooding."
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189:, but all include a university or college degree. Primarily, training includes a
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cables are responsible for connecting much of the world's communication via the
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Bachelor of Technology Management and Marine Engineering (B.TecMan & MarEng)
37:"Ocean engineering" redirects here. For the design of ships and submarines, see
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1678: – Licensed mariner responsible for propulsion plants and support systems
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hiring marine engineers to manage aspects of their offshore drilling projects.
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Environmental Protection Agency Office of Wastewater Management United States
1805:"Fouling control using air bubble curtains: protection for stationary vessel"
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causing harm to marine life. However, heavy fuel oil may only be burned in
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1705: – Study of physical, chemical, and biological processes in the ocean
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2208:
Ocean Engineering - An International Journal of Research and Development.
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1937:"Green and Gray: Understanding the Shades of Resilient Infrastructure."
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Any seagoing vessel has the constant need for hydrostatic stability. A
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Marine engineering applies a number of engineering sciences, including
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The fundamental subjects of Marine engineering study usually include:
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The same combination has been applied to the rest of this article.
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while remaining structurally integral and fully anchored into the
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Kane, J.R. (1971). Marine Engineering. New York: SNAME(page 2-3)
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Training Ship Golden Bear docked at California Maritime Academy.
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2073:"Occupational Handbook: Marine Engineers and Naval Architects"
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to prevent oil leaks and spills from contaminating the ocean.
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Difference between Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering.
1723:
Difference between Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering.
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1874:"2023 IMO Strategy on Reduction of GHG Emissions from Ships"
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play a role in certain marine engineering projects as well.
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Marine engineers continue to investigate the possibility of
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is an important consideration for the preservation of ocean
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University of California Berkeley. Ocean Engineering home.
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University of California Berkeley. Ocean Engineering home.
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Ocean engineering (and combination with Marine engineering)
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Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering.
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The University of Texas A&M. Ocean Engineering home.
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Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
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degrees specifically in ocean engineering. Additionally,
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For the scientific discipline of studying the ocean, see
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named it one of the "Seven Wonders of the Modern World".
1572:, the lowest point in the Earth's ocean located in the
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Delta Works: The Netherlands' Storm Surge Protection.
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In every coastal and offshore project, environmental
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boats, ships, submarines, and any other marine vessel
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Marine Engineers and Naval Architects: What They Do.
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Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
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Marine engineers may design or make frequent use of
2226:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
1553:is a series of 13 projects designed to protect the
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1990:Research overview: Coastal and Ocean Engineering.
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147:system. The integration of a steam engine into a
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1699: – Engineering discipline of marine vessels
1405:Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers
632:Marine engineering often deals in the fields of
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1289:Marine engineering lends itself to a number of
1005:
743:, like an airplane designer, is concerned with
2262:The European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference.
1809:Journal of Marine Engineering & Technology
1482:; and more specialized subjects such as ocean
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300:program to be qualified as a Marine engineer.
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1923:International Institute of Maritime Surveying
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1233:particular cargo including passengers, bulk
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1106:which help raise awareness of the products.
852:have the potential to raise atmospheric and
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2111:http://www.sname.org/Membership1/AboutSNAME
1856:"Eco Ships:The New Norm for Top Tier Ships"
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27:Engineering and design of shipboard systems
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1411:American Society of Naval Engineers (ASNE)
1066:that pose a navigational obstacle. Simple
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2002:Offshore Wind Research & Development.
1919:"An Introduction to Propeller Cavitation"
1820:
1557:against flooding from the North Sea. The
1525:Journals about ocean engineering include
1384:Marine Engineering and Research Institute
1219:
1149:
867:International Maritime Organization (IMO)
721:Challenges specific to marine engineering
529:
2012:U.S. Energy Information Administration.
1802:
1659:, the lowest point in the Earth's ocean.
1341:
840:. Heavy fuel oil, being the heaviest of
683:
477:, and other ocean systems such as ocean
57:
2045:Springer Handbook of Ocean Engineering.
2029:Springer Handbook of Ocean Engineering.
1244:
725:
289:, However, this path requires taking a
14:
3369:
3266:Development of tidal stream generators
3083:Electrical and electronics engineering
1860:Maritime Reporter and Engineering News
1177:
701:
616:
180:
3155:
2284:
2238:American Society of Civil Engineers.
1853:
1499:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
1426:A number of institutions - including
1394:Royal Institution of Naval Architects
1293:applications – mostly related to the
941:
872:Reduction of GHG emissions from ships
771:by introducing pieces of metal (e.g.
442:
81:and eventually rise to the rank of a
62:Marine engineers reviewing ship plans
3116:
2228:IEEE Journal Of Oceanic Engineering.
1515:Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
1199:
875:
826:
594:
3126:
1841:International Maritime Organization
1766:Student Scholarships Organization.
1559:American Society of Civil Engineers
1531:IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering
1141:
980:
713:materials, predominantly steel and
454:engineers often work side-by-side.
24:
1513:co-hosts a joint program with the
1320:
831:
643:
216:(B.A.Sc.) in Marine Engineering.
25:
3393:
3181:
2096:International Chamber of Shipping
1973:North Carolina State University.
1374:Society for Underwater Technology
563:Furthermore, an understanding of
437:
3351:
3350:
3339:
3327:
3315:
3232:
3135:
3125:
3115:
3106:
3105:
2975:
1379:IEEE Oceanic Engineering Society
1208:as a viable source of power for
880:
185:There are many ways to become a
3292:Ocean thermal energy conversion
2310:
2266:
2255:
2244:
2232:
2220:
2201:
2189:
2175:
2163:
2151:
2139:
2127:
2115:
2103:
2083:
2065:
2050:
2034:
2018:
2006:
1994:
1982:
1967:
1954:
1941:
1929:
1911:
1890:
1866:
1847:
1544:Marine Engineering Achievements
985:
933:
778:
509:
2195:MIT-WHOI Joint Program. Home.
1829:
1822:10.1080/20464177.2009.11020214
1796:
1784:
1772:
1760:
1748:
1736:
1727:
1715:
1621:
1604:
958:Coastal Design and Restoration
948:meteorological instrumentation
13:
1:
2014:Energy Explained: Wave Power.
1709:
1162:, wave forces, and saltwater
921:
558:electrical power distribution
469:, coastal structures such as
3251:List of tidal power stations
2333:List of engineering branches
1988:The University of Delaware.
1898:"Oily Bilgewater Separators"
1632:In Media and Popular Culture
1422:Degrees in ocean engineering
1337:
1012:unmanned underwater vehicles
1006:Unmanned Underwater Vehicles
754:
734:
678:unmanned underwater vehicles
265:or from science fields like
7:
3334:Renewable energy portal
3282:List of offshore wind farms
3204:List of wave power projects
3199:List of wave power stations
2000:U.S. Department of Energy.
1663:
1284:
1260:
1030:Sensors and instrumentation
814:). The first metal, copper
554:Electrical power generation
214:Bachelor of Applied Science
10:
3398:
2091:"Shipping and World Trade"
2077:Bureau of Labor Statistics
2057:Bureau of Labor Statistics
1676:Engineering officer (ship)
1389:Indian Maritime University
1016:remotely operated vehicles
705:
687:
620:
613:, and port/harbor design.
598:
533:
513:
481:conversion and underwater
446:
161:had her first voyage, the
116:
53:engineering officer (ship)
50:
43:
36:
29:
3310:
3274:
3241:
3230:
3189:
3101:
3048:
3032:
2984:
2973:
2748:
2690:
2609:
2534:
2461:
2354:
2341:
2318:
2042:"Port and Harbor Design."
2026:"Port and Harbor Design."
1978:North Carolina Sea Grant.
1935:Oregon State University.
1756:Ocean Engineering: About.
1369:World Maritime University
1358:Professional institutions
1311:Engineering Duty Officers
1267:Oceaneering International
1255:
1110:Environmental Engineering
1054:was developed during the
990:The design of underwater
889:This section needs to be
799:, purging any bio-matter.
767:can be inhibited through
672:UUV autonomy and networks
648:A series of transoceanic
263:Environmental Engineering
240:Master of Applied Science
1600:Notable Marine Engineers
1521:Journals and Conferences
1440:Texas A&M University
1100:Oceanology International
850:Sulfur dioxide emissions
628:Electronics and Robotics
30:Not to be confused with
3382:Engineering disciplines
2994:Bachelor of Engineering
2836:Engineering mathematics
2040:Cairns, Carel, and Li.
2024:Cairns, Carel, and Li.
1400:Pakistan Marine Academy
1315:Army Corps of Engineers
913:Oil and water discharge
191:Bachelor of Engineering
3261:Tidal stream generator
3093:Structural engineering
3088:Mechanical engineering
2831:Engineering management
1837:"Anti-Fouling Systems"
1581:Soviet submarine K-219
1476:electrical engineering
1347:
1220:Port and Harbor Design
1156:offshore oil platforms
1150:Offshore oil platforms
1040:anti-submarine warfare
1036:oceanographic sciences
1002:, and thermodynamics.
634:electrical engineering
565:mechanical engineering
536:Mechanical engineering
530:Mechanical engineering
320:Differential Equations
255:Electrical Engineering
247:Mechanical Engineering
203:Bachelor of Technology
102:electronic engineering
98:electrical engineering
94:mechanical engineering
63:
3297:Offshore construction
3073:Aerospace engineering
2986:Engineering education
1778:National Geographic.
1351:Maritime universities
1345:
1078:for the discovery of
690:Petroleum engineering
684:Petroleum Engineering
581:strength of materials
485:. This in fact makes
375:Work (thermodynamics)
259:Geomatics Engineering
228:Master of Engineering
126:Industrial Revolution
110:watercraft propulsion
61:
3287:Marine current power
3014:Graduate certificate
1742:MIT ADT University.
1721:MIT ADT University.
1442:- offer a four-year
1307:Civil Engineer Corps
1245:Salvage and Recovery
992:life-support systems
858:international waters
793:Electro-chlorination
726:Hydrodynamic loading
585:structural mechanics
483:life-support systems
135:successfully used a
32:Maritime engineering
2999:Bachelor of Science
2841:Engineering physics
2825:Engineering drawing
2347:Interdisciplinarity
2079:. October 24, 2017.
1682:Marine architecture
1583:by a joint team of
1484:structural analysis
1444:Bachelor of Science
1239:containerized cargo
1178:Offshore wind farms
1034:The development of
996:underwater habitats
963:Coastal engineering
952:oceanographic buoys
810:(or alternatively,
797:sodium hypochlorite
769:cathodic protection
708:Marine construction
702:Marine construction
623:Coastal engineering
617:Coastal engineering
589:structural dynamics
415:Control Engineering
197:Bachelor of Science
193:(B.Eng. or B.E.),
181:Relevance and Scope
153:marine steam engine
3377:Marine engineering
2601:Telecommunications
2506:Naval architecture
2251:OCEANS Conference.
1697:Naval architecture
1688:Marine electronics
1568:have descended to
1492:coastal management
1436:U.S. Naval Academy
1348:
1299:United States Navy
1134:, and creation of
942:Arctic Engineering
761:galvanic corrosion
577:linear wave theory
467:offshore platforms
449:Naval architecture
443:Naval architecture
324:Numerical Analysis
199:(B.Sc. or B.S.),
67:Marine engineering
64:
39:Naval architecture
3364:
3363:
3346:Oceans portal
3322:Energy portal
3149:
3148:
3078:Civil engineering
3024:Licensed engineer
3019:Engineer's degree
2971:
2970:
2803:Building services
2786:Health technology
2647:Chemical reaction
2596:Signal processing
1960:Waryszak, Pawel.
1947:Waryszak, Pawel.
1803:Scardino (2009).
1653:Deepsea Challenge
1643:British Petroleum
1610:Pieter van Oord,
1591:engineers aboard
1566:twenty-two people
1564:As of April 2021
1527:Ocean Engineering
1466:subjects such as
1328:coastal solutions
1206:ocean wave energy
1200:Ocean wave energy
1136:coastal solutions
1124:natural resources
1092:environmental DNA
1000:diving physiology
910:
909:
827:Pollution control
601:Civil engineering
595:Civil Engineering
500:materials science
487:ocean engineering
463:Ocean engineering
251:Civil Engineering
236:(M.Sc or M.S.)
234:Master of Science
145:marine propulsion
79:engine department
18:Ocean engineering
16:(Redirected from
3389:
3354:
3353:
3344:
3343:
3332:
3331:
3320:
3319:
3236:
3176:
3169:
3162:
3153:
3152:
3139:
3129:
3128:
3119:
3118:
3109:
3108:
2979:
2566:Electromechanics
2352:
2351:
2305:
2298:
2291:
2282:
2281:
2276:
2272:Amusing Planet.
2270:
2264:
2259:
2253:
2248:
2242:
2236:
2230:
2224:
2218:
2205:
2199:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2179:
2173:
2167:
2161:
2155:
2149:
2143:
2137:
2131:
2125:
2119:
2113:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2087:
2081:
2080:
2069:
2063:
2054:
2048:
2038:
2032:
2022:
2016:
2010:
2004:
1998:
1992:
1986:
1980:
1971:
1965:
1958:
1952:
1945:
1939:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1902:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1884:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1833:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1800:
1794:
1788:
1782:
1776:
1770:
1764:
1758:
1752:
1746:
1740:
1734:
1731:
1725:
1719:
1693:
1187:renewable energy
1172:factor of safety
1142:Offshore Systems
981:Deep Sea Systems
905:
902:
896:
884:
883:
876:
406:Spatial Analysis
106:computer science
21:
3397:
3396:
3392:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3387:
3386:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3360:
3338:
3326:
3314:
3306:
3270:
3237:
3228:
3185:
3180:
3150:
3145:
3097:
3044:
3028:
3004:Master's degree
2980:
2967:
2881:Instrumentation
2744:
2686:
2652:Electrochemical
2605:
2591:Radio frequency
2530:
2457:
2421:Municipal/Urban
2345:
2343:
2337:
2314:
2309:
2279:
2271:
2267:
2260:
2256:
2249:
2245:
2237:
2233:
2225:
2221:
2206:
2202:
2194:
2190:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2168:
2164:
2156:
2152:
2144:
2140:
2132:
2128:
2120:
2116:
2108:
2104:
2089:
2088:
2084:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2055:
2051:
2039:
2035:
2023:
2019:
2011:
2007:
1999:
1995:
1987:
1983:
1972:
1968:
1959:
1955:
1946:
1942:
1934:
1930:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1900:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1882:
1880:
1872:
1871:
1867:
1852:
1848:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1801:
1797:
1789:
1785:
1777:
1773:
1765:
1761:
1753:
1749:
1741:
1737:
1732:
1728:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1691:
1666:
1657:Challenger Deep
1651:'s documentary
1634:
1624:
1607:
1602:
1593:Glomar Explorer
1570:Challenger Deep
1546:
1523:
1424:
1360:
1340:
1323:
1321:Expected Growth
1287:
1263:
1258:
1247:
1222:
1202:
1180:
1152:
1144:
1112:
1056:First World War
1032:
1020:semi-autonomous
1008:
988:
983:
960:
944:
936:
924:
915:
906:
900:
897:
894:
885:
881:
834:
832:Sulfur emission
829:
781:
757:
741:naval architect
737:
728:
723:
710:
704:
692:
686:
674:
646:
644:Deep-sea cables
630:
625:
619:
603:
597:
573:fluid mechanics
567:topics such as
538:
532:
518:
512:
460:
451:
445:
440:
432:Open-pit mining
423:Instrumentation
389:Fluid Mechanics
219:
187:Marine Engineer
183:
175:Paddle steamers
128:(early 1700s).
119:
56:
49:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3395:
3385:
3384:
3379:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3358:
3348:
3336:
3324:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3278:
3276:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3247:
3245:
3239:
3238:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3195:
3193:
3187:
3186:
3179:
3178:
3171:
3164:
3156:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3143:
3133:
3123:
3113:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3063:
3054:
3052:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3042:
3036:
3034:
3033:Related topics
3030:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2990:
2988:
2982:
2981:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2953:Sustainability
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2822:
2817:
2815:Geoengineering
2812:
2811:
2810:
2800:
2799:
2798:
2796:Rehabilitation
2793:
2791:Pharmaceutical
2788:
2783:
2778:
2776:Bioinformatics
2768:
2763:
2758:
2752:
2750:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2742:
2737:
2735:Semiconductors
2732:
2727:
2725:Nanotechnology
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2696:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2643:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2622:
2615:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2557:
2556:
2546:
2540:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2467:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2455:
2454:
2453:
2448:
2441:Transportation
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2397:
2396:
2391:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2360:
2358:
2349:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2308:
2307:
2300:
2293:
2285:
2278:
2277:
2265:
2254:
2243:
2231:
2219:
2200:
2188:
2174:
2162:
2150:
2138:
2126:
2114:
2102:
2082:
2064:
2049:
2033:
2017:
2005:
1993:
1981:
1966:
1953:
1940:
1928:
1910:
1889:
1865:
1854:Smith (2018).
1846:
1828:
1795:
1783:
1771:
1759:
1747:
1735:
1726:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1706:
1700:
1694:
1685:
1679:
1673:
1665:
1662:
1661:
1660:
1646:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1628:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1618:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1596:
1577:
1574:Mariana Trench
1562:
1545:
1542:
1522:
1519:
1488:hydromechanics
1480:thermodynamics
1462:; fundamental
1423:
1420:
1419:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1402:
1397:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1359:
1356:
1339:
1336:
1332:sea level rise
1322:
1319:
1286:
1283:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1250:Marine salvage
1246:
1243:
1221:
1218:
1201:
1198:
1179:
1176:
1160:ocean currents
1154:The design of
1151:
1148:
1143:
1140:
1130:, clean-up of
1116:sustainability
1111:
1108:
1104:Ocean Business
1072:multiple beams
1031:
1028:
1007:
1004:
987:
984:
982:
979:
975:sea level rise
959:
956:
943:
940:
935:
932:
923:
920:
914:
911:
908:
907:
888:
886:
879:
846:sulfur dioxide
838:heavy fuel oil
833:
830:
828:
825:
824:
823:
819:
800:
780:
777:
756:
753:
736:
733:
727:
724:
722:
719:
706:Main article:
703:
700:
688:Main article:
685:
682:
673:
670:
645:
642:
629:
626:
621:Main article:
618:
615:
599:Main article:
596:
593:
569:fluid dynamics
534:Main article:
531:
528:
514:Main article:
511:
508:
496:hydromechanics
459:
456:
447:Main article:
444:
441:
439:
438:Related Fields
436:
435:
434:
428:Surface Mining
425:
419:Control Theory
412:
399:
397:Fluid Dynamics
386:
381:
367:Thermodynamics
364:
358:Soil Mechanics
354:Rock mechanics
347:
326:
182:
179:
118:
115:
83:chief engineer
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3394:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3357:
3349:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3312:
3309:
3303:
3302:Osmotic power
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3273:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3256:Tidal barrage
3254:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3240:
3235:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3219:United States
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3183:Marine energy
3177:
3172:
3170:
3165:
3163:
3158:
3157:
3154:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3132:
3124:
3122:
3114:
3112:
3104:
3103:
3100:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3051:
3047:
3041:
3038:
3037:
3035:
3031:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2983:
2978:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2887:
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2044:
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2028:
2020:
2008:
1996:
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1977:
1969:
1956:
1943:
1931:
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1881:. Retrieved
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1703:Oceanography
1639:Exxon Valdez
1579:Recovery of
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1349:
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1223:
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1080:hydrocarbons
1033:
1009:
989:
986:Life Support
961:
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937:
934:Applications
925:
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898:
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863:
842:refined oils
835:
784:Anti-fouling
782:
779:Anti-fouling
758:
738:
731:engineering
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675:
647:
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562:
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519:
516:Oceanography
510:Oceanography
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384:Hydrogeology
362:Geomechanics
333:Geochemistry
302:
295:quantitative
244:
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205:(B.Tech.),
201:
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169:
163:
157:
151:to create a
141:paddle wheel
137:steam engine
130:
120:
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66:
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46:Oceanography
3243:Tidal power
3214:New Zealand
3131:Wikiproject
2886:and Control
2876:Information
2700:Biomaterial
2630:Bioresource
2621:/Bioprocess
2619:Biochemical
2571:Electronics
2342:Specialties
2312:Engineering
1878:www.imo.org
1670:Engine room
1622:In Academia
1605:In Industry
1555:Netherlands
1551:Delta Works
1464:engineering
1432:UC Berkeley
1210:distributed
1096:Trade Shows
1084:blue lasers
844:, releases
676:The use of
650:fiber optic
479:wave energy
308:Mathematics
287:Mathematics
242:(M.A.Sc.)
230:(M.Eng.),
71:engineering
3371:Categories
3191:Wave power
3050:Glossaries
2871:Industrial
2851:Facilities
2846:Explosives
2771:Biomedical
2766:Automation
2715:Metallurgy
2625:Biological
2576:Microwaves
2536:Electrical
2481:Automotive
2463:Mechanical
2436:Structural
2401:Geological
2389:Ecological
2379:Earthquake
2210:Elsevier.
1964:09 May 21.
1951:09 May 21.
1883:2024-09-19
1710:References
1452:statistics
1275:ExxonMobil
1132:oil spills
1120:ecosystems
1076:geophysics
1060:submarines
1058:to detect
1024:autonomous
927:Cavitation
922:Cavitation
542:propulsion
410:Statistics
341:Mineralogy
337:Geophysics
329:Geoscience
271:Geophysics
149:watercraft
122:Archimedes
3209:Australia
3009:Doctorate
2923:Packaging
2893:Logistics
2866:Geomatics
2827:/graphics
2720:Molecular
2710:Corrosion
2692:Materials
2672:Petroleum
2662:Molecular
2544:Broadcast
2526:Tribology
2476:Aerospace
2411:Hydraulic
2216:0029-8018
2197:See page.
2171:See page.
2159:See page.
2147:See page.
2123:See page.
1792:See page.
1614:of Royal
1585:U.S. Navy
1456:chemistry
1338:Education
1164:corrosion
1128:fisheries
1064:seamounts
901:June 2023
765:Corrosion
755:Corrosion
745:stability
735:Stability
546:anchoring
350:Mechanics
345:Geomatics
279:Geomatics
224:degree;
131:In 1807,
3356:Category
3224:Scotland
3111:Category
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2918:Ontology
2908:Military
2898:Robotics
2861:Forensic
2781:Clinical
2740:Surfaces
2730:Polymers
2705:Ceramics
2682:Reaction
2611:Chemical
2549:Computer
2471:Acoustic
2426:Offshore
2394:Sanitary
2135:See page
1815:: 3–10.
1664:See also
1616:van Oord
1533:and the
1503:master's
1472:dynamics
1448:calculus
1291:military
1285:Military
1271:Van Oord
1261:Industry
1098:such as
1088:salinity
1048:acoustic
994:such as
969:forces,
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715:concrete
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654:internet
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312:Calculus
291:graduate
222:Master's
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2561:Control
2554:outline
2521:Thermal
2511:Railway
2451:Railway
2446:Traffic
2369:Coastal
2328:Outline
2323:History
2099:. 2017.
1925:. 2015.
1907:. 2011.
1843:. 2018.
1501:offers
1468:statics
1460:physics
1364:IMarEST
1330:due to
1303:Seabees
1044:sensors
971:erosion
891:updated
749:ballast
658:fishing
611:tunnels
607:bridges
475:harbors
316:Algebra
275:Physics
267:Geology
143:as its
117:History
69:is the
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2938:Survey
2933:Safety
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